Degree Of Economic Growth Research Articles

Investigation into Spatial and Temporal Differences in Carbon Emissions and Driving Factors in the Pearl River Delta: The Perspective of Urbanization

Urbanization is a significant indicator of city progress, and as urbanization advances, carbon emissions exhibit an increasing trend that must not be disregarded. Therefore, it is imperative to thoroughly examine the spatial and temporal variations as well as the factors influencing carbon emissions during the urbanization process. In this paper, based on the 2009–2019 PRD region, carbon emissions are measured from energy consumption, industrial production process, solid waste, and wastewater according to the IPCC coefficients, and spatial and spatial differences in carbon emissions are combined with spatial analysis and the drivers analyzed using the gray correlation scale. The results show that: (1) The total carbon emissions in the PRD region have been increasing over the study period, and the distribution of total carbon emissions shows a pattern of “strong in the east and weak in the west”, with energy consumption accounting for the highest proportion of carbon emissions. (2) The global Moran Index of carbon emissions in the PRD has been decreasing, with low and low clustering concentrated in Shaoguan and Zhaoqing, high and high clustering concentrated in Dongguan and Shenzhen, and low and high clustering concentrated in Shenzhen and Guangzhou, with cold spots mainly concentrated in Zhaoqing and hot spots mainly distributed in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Dongguan. (3) The degree of economic growth has a substantial influence on carbon emissions in the PRD cities, and the influence of technical advancement has intensified. Guangzhou City is propelled by low-carbon regulations that have a more equitable influence on all elements. Zhuhai City has a more significant influence on energy intensity, while Foshan City has a more noticeable decrease in the effect of foreign investment. To address the issue of carbon emissions, the government should establish appropriate rules to regulate carbon emissions in areas with high emissions, foster collaborative efforts across cities, and encourage the growth of environmentally friendly enterprises.

Does The Foreign Direct Investment Affect Economic Growth in Jordan in Light of Commercial Openness

Purpose: This paper aims to examine the effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth in Jordan in light of the trade openness, during the period from 1999 to 2019. Theoretical Framework: This paper discusses how Jordan, as a developing country, has worked over the years to attract foreign investment by creating an environment of incentives, benefits, and legislation that encourages such investments; taking advantage of low local labor wages, high administrative costs, and great commercial openness. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the objectives of the study and to construct the statistical model the study used analytical methodology. The following statistical methods were applied; Hausman, Wald Test, F-Test Statistic, Granger, Multicollinearity test, Normality Test, Lagrange Test, Multiplier Test, and Causality Test. Findings: After conducting the analysis tests, the results showed a statistically significant impact of open trade direct investment on economic growth, Moreover, findings showed a positive impact on the degree of economic growth, whenever the degree of trade openness and the flow of foreign investment increase. Research, Practical & Social implications: The independent variables in the study model were measured by the ratio of foreign direct investment from the nominal GDP. The variable (the degree of trade openness) was expressed as the ratio of exports and imports to trade volume. The generalized Method of Moments (GMM) was used in this study. Originality/value: In light of Jordan's extensive commercial openness, This investigation looked at the impact of FDI on economic expansion. The study's findings are in line with theoretical research and other studies that hold that a country's level of economic growth is not adversely affected by significant trade openness because foreign investments are not less effective.

Edward Azar’s Protracted Social Conflict Theory and Drivers of Self-Determination: the Case of Nigeria

Soon after attaining independence on October 1, 1960, the newly created nation-state – Nigeria had to wrestle with post-independent political realities. These combined with the legacies of colonial rule, and the prevalence of ethno-religious politics, led the country into civil war in 1967. Since 1960, Nigeria has experimented with different forms of government and achieved some degree of economic growth but is still plagued by the agitation of self-determination in the form of secessionist campaigns, be it the Biafra or the Oduduwa and Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND). To place the discussion in perspective, the paper reviews the existing literature on the subject and also discusses Edward Azar’s protracted social conflict (PSC) theory as the theoretical base. Upon laying the theoretical foundation, the paper situates and evaluates the agitation for self-determination in Nigeria in the light of PSC. Lastly, the paper concludes that instead of seeking self-determination or territorial disintegration, the polity of Nigeria should historically revert to the practice of congenial and connected regionalism.

Power System Planning in Developing Countries The Case of Jordan.(Dept.E)

This paper deals with power system planning in developing countries. Several features of power system planning in developing countries are presented. These show that the planning process varies with the degree of assimilation of technology by society in general, and by planners and decision makers in particular, as well as the degree of economic growth, sound economic management, adoption of appropriate policies and degree of social development. The problems encountered by power system planners in developing countries are discussed in the first part of the paper. The second part is allotted to a detailed description of the Jordanian case as a good model of fairly successful planning endeavor. In the third and final part, some conclusions are drawn.

Increasing the Efficiency of the Fiscal System – a Parallel between Poland and Romania

Research background: This paper presents an overview and a fundamental analysis of the fiscal system in Romania and how it should be, also by showing one of the European champions on fiscal efficiency, the Polish system. Although we are talking about the 21st century, about evolution, economic, financial and fiscal sustainability, the Romanian tax system has been intensely blamed for its inefficiency, outdated procedures and last but not least the excessive bureaucracy. This topic was intensely discussed and debated both by the competent authorities who tried to identify the deepest issues and by the specialized press representing a great interest for both natural and legal taxpayers. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this paper is to identify the challenges, limits and solutions so that the Romanian tax system can become efficient and implicit, a model to follow for success. The paper shows how the Romanian fiscal system works and how taxes add to the degree of economic growth and what are the limits of actual system. Methods: The paper evaluates the actual literature, its conceptual limits, the classification and how it should be at technical level. Findings & Value added: The research will highlight the harmonization of the Romanian fiscal system with the European Union’s one and especially with one of its champions, Poland.

Mudanças na espacialidade da estrutura produtiva do Ceará: um estudo de suas microrregiões nos anos de 2007 e 2017

Este estudo tem por objetivo estimar um Índice de Estrutura Produtiva do Ceará (IEPC) e identificar os principais fatores que explicam as características da estrutura produtiva do estado. Metodologicamente, foi utilizada a técnica estatística multivariada de análise fatorial, pelo método dos componentes principais. Os dados são de origem secundária da RAIS, IBGE e MDIC, para os anos de 2007 e 2017. Constataram-se importantes modificações na estrutura produtiva, observando uma ampliação de uma para quatro no número de microrregiões com alto grau de crescimento econômico no período, a saber: Fortaleza, Litoral de Camocim e Acaraú, Sobral e Cariri. O IEPC identificou que houve um processo de interiorização e crescimento das estruturas produtivas das microrregiões, embora ainda existam disparidades entre o interior e o litoral do estado.

An Analysis of the Dynamic Relationship between the Maritime Silk Road and the Economic Growth of China's Import and Export Trade

Liefu, A., 2020. An analysis of the dynamic relationship between the Maritime Silk Road and the economic growth of China's import and export trade. In: Gong, D.; Zhang, M., and Liu, R. (eds.), Advances in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 106, pp. 121–125. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The degree of economic growth of import and export trade is the key factor in evaluating the development of the Maritime Silk Road. To further analyze the dynamic relationship between the Maritime Silk Road and the economic growth of China's import and export trade, this paper builds the spatial econometric model, judges the relationship of the analysis error with the spatial external effect model, and carries out lag regulation. The countries along the Maritime Silk Road are roughly divided into Gulf, South Asia, and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries. To begin, it is necessary to build a preliminary linear regression equation for the economic growth of import and export of countries along the Maritime Silk Road and China. Taking the output value of import and export, the total amount of investment in the infrastructure, and gross domestic product as the analysis indicators, this study explores the dynamic relationship between the Maritime Silk Road and the economic growth of China's import and export trade and tests the validity of the analysis model through empirical testing. The results show that in different periods and with different policies, the relationship between the Maritime Silk Road and the economic growth of China's import and export trade will change accordingly. At the same time, the participation of different indicators will affect the change range.

Analisis Dikotomi Ruang dan Ekonomi di Kabupaten Sragen, Jawa Tengah

Sragen Regency can be divided into two areas based on its tiphologycal feature, that are the north and south part area of Bengawan Solo River. Those area not only have a different kind of soil based on tiphology but also have different degree of economic growth. The goals of this paper are to define which part of the Sragen Regency that has a high and low economic growth and what kind of policies that match with the problems of those areas. The method used in this paper is dividing the area of Sragen Regency into four part based on spatial feature and the economic growth. The result are, the area that have a high growth mostly located in south part of Bengawan solo and the area that have a low growth mostly located in north parth of Bengawan Solo.The policies for the low growth areas is driven to strengthen the main sector and to develop another promising sector that can be used to increase society income. While, the policies for the high growth areas mainly driven to find an indigenous product that can be used to determined the identity of the whole region, and also to make the final output resulted from the areas having a competitive ability against another region in the Central Java Province.

Analysis of Prospects for the Development of Innovative Activity at Higher Educational Institutions in Comparison with Foreign Countries

Abstract Innovative activity in modern conditions promotes the dynamic growth of the national economic system, providing a high level of competitiveness. The article analyzes the main factors influencing the development of innovative activity of the old quarter. Degree of innovation development of the country often determines the degree of economic growth. Development of small innovative enterprises (SIE) in Russia is an actual and important way of ensuring the sustainable growth of the national economy. Analysis of foreign experience of innovative institutions development, carried out in this paper, helps to construct the system of small innovative enterprises in Russia. It was outlined in the paper that main directions of SIEs development will be linked mainly with scientific researches and short-scale production.

The degree of diversification of ex-communist states production and the possibility of reducing economic shocks.

. A global economy – essentially characterized by the free movement of capital and by the development of cross-national societies, the internet being its primary technological support – provides some advantages but, inevitably, it also implies certain disadvantages, for instance transferring the effects of the financial or economic crisis, which at some point affects a state (playing an important part in the international economic-financial transactions), over the other states in the world. Hence, the degree of diversification of production is important for a national economy because the more diversified the production is, the more the impact of shocks specific to the different economic sectors are reduced and dispersed, so that economy on the whole is less exposed to the shocks generated by the changes in volume or structure of the supply or demand both on the internal and the external markets. But diversification of production is conditioned by a series of factors such as: the size of a national economy, the degree of economic growth, the tendency towards the production specialization according to the comparative advantages, generated by the need of high productivity and a higher competitiveness in foreign trade. For the ex-communist countries, diversification of production may be a criterion in the analysis of the opportuneness of joining the euro area. We also think that in the context of the “new economy” it is important to take into account the high influence of capital on production because the free movement of capital increases supply and demand volatility.

The Degree of Diversification of Ex-communist States Production and the Possibility of Reducing Economic Shocks

A global economy – essentially characterized by the free movement of capital and by the development of cross-national societies, the internet being its primary technological support – provides some advantages but, inevitably, it also implies certain disadvantages, for instance transferring the effects of the financial or economic crisis, which at some point affects a state (playing an important part in the international economic-financial transactions), over the other states in the world. Hence, the degree of diversification of production is important for a national economy because the more diversified the production is, the more the impact of shocks specific to the different economic sectors are reduced and dispersed, so that economy on the whole is less exposed to the shocks generated by the changes in volume or structure of the supply or demand both on the internal and the external markets. But diversification of production is conditioned by a series of factors such as: the size of a national economy, the degree of economic growth, the tendency towards the production specialization according to the comparative advantages, generated by the need of high productivity and a higher competitiveness in foreign trade. For the ex-communist countries, diversification of production may be a criterion in the analysis of the opportuneness of joining the euro area. We also think that in the context of the “new economy” it is important to take into account the high influence of capital on production because the free movement of capital increases supply and demand volatility.

The Population in Handicrafts and Industry in Slovenia from the Mid-Nineteenth Century until the First World War

The period covering the second half of the nineteenth century and the years leading up to the First World War brought the Slovene lands an economic transformation based mainly on non-agrarian activities, both as regards changes in industrial and handicraft production on the one hand and in communications on the other. With the beginning of the construction of the railway from Vienna to TriestelTrst, and even more after its completion in 1857, the Slovene lands underwent a more intensive industrialization. This process was accompanied by the disintegration of agriculture, of cottage industries and of the peasantry, with the rural population increasingly moving to the towns in search of employment, and migrating to Western Europe and North America. The process of industrialization and its attendant changes in the social composition of the population in the Slovene lands during the last fifty years of Slovene existence under the Habsburg monarchy is one of the key, but unfortunately still not sufficiently explored, questions in the Slovene history of this period. In this article I deal only with one segment of this large set of problems. I analyze the data of the Austrian statistical service concerning the active earning population employed in handicrafts and industry which were published as the final results of five censuses taken between 1869 and 1910. The occupational, and the resulting social, articulation of the population is undoubtedly one of the most important elements of any outline of economic and social development. Professional statistics provide an insight into the size, and into the directions of the divisions, of labor and social differentiation, thus also reflecting the articulation and the degree of economic growth. Moreover, the study of the occupational composition of the population, recorded at ten-year intervals, reveals a major developmental trend in the changes affecting the economic composition of the population. For this reason it is of the utmost importance to study occupational statistics in order to research the social and economic development of our past. Since I am interested in industrialization, it is important to analyze that part of the population that was employed in handicrafts and industry during this period.

Control Factors in the Economic Development of Nonmetropolitan America

Nonmetropolitan counties of the United States have shown a remarkable degree of economic growth and diversity in the 1970s. This paper examines three control mechanisms behind these changes and concludes that: the interstate highway system was not a major determining factor in the spatial pattern of nonmetropolitan development, branch plants of manufacturing companies seemed to contribute to employment stability in these areas, and unearned income played an increasing role over time in the economic base of these rural areas. These conclusions, therefore, separate some of the realities from the myths that have surrounded the growth of nonmetropolitan America.

Paper 1: Special Requirements for Tractors in Japan

Walking type tractors have played a leading role in Japanese agriculture for the past 20 years, but owing to a high degree of economic growth in Japan the riding type of tractor is now being extensively introduced. These tractors require special characteristics to suit the agricultural circumstances of Japan. In this paper these requirements are presented and discussed.