Degree Certificate Research Articles

The Digital Degree Certification Revolution in Brazil and Beyond

The Digital Degree Certification Revolution in Brazil and Beyond

Teachers’ Proficiency as Correlate of Students’ Performance in Secondary Schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria

The researcher investigated the relationship that existed between teacher proficiency and students’ academic performance in secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. This research work took after survey research design. The population of this study was all teachers and students of the 219 public schools in Ekiti State. Systematic and stratified random sampling techniques were used to select 5 secondary schools from each of the three senatorial districts in Ekiti State. In each school, four teachers teaching the core subjects and ten students for each teacher were selected using simple random technique totaling 45 teachers and 145 students of senior secondary school three (SS3). All the 120 students used for this study were students who offered the four core subjects. Two instruments were used. They are; Teachers’ Proficiency Questionnaire (TPQ) and Students’ Academic Performance Inventory (SAPI). The instruments were validated by experts in Text and Measurement who ensured face, construct and content validity of the instruments. Reliability of TPQ was realized using test-retest reliability which yielded 0.65 level of significance. The data collected from the respondents were tested using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Statistics at 0.05 level of significance. The results of this research indicated that there was relationship between teacher proficiency and students’ academic performance in secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. All the variables of teacher proficiency have relationship with students’ academic performance. It was recommended that teachers should be given opportunities to engage in professional development such as workshops, conferences and coursework so that they could improve their subject matter knowledge and teaching skills. Also, those without degree certificate should be encouraged to engage in further studies.

Permanent roommates in the transparent blockchain ecosystem

In this article we present the interpretation of the results of a qualitative research conducted in 2022 as part of a doctoral thesis, the subject of which is the socio-psychological implications, caused by the application of the innovative blockchain technology in education and in our society in general. For the needs of this research, an experimental application for degree certification was created. Through its extensive use, the participants formed elaborate opinions based on their experiential interaction with blockchain technology. This study drew on semi-structured in-depth interviews. Data were collected from fourteen contemporary citizens with the scientific capacity of political and social studies. This research is a flash of illumination in the relationships developed between the members of the university community and the relationships beyond it, focusing on the main features of blockchain technology, security, immutability, traceability, availability, integrity, absence of a central authority, privacy, shifting security to the end user and possible use of tokens. The reflexive thematic analysis led to the construction of a more general theme: "Blockchain will form what we will be in the future" which captures how the participants perceive the future reality filtered through the differentiated needs of each of one's multiple identities. Two main themes were constructed under the overarching theme. Those two are: “blockchain as the Trojan horse of authorities and governing power” and “blockchain as the deus ex machina for modern man”. The adoption of blockchain technology as a tool to facilitate and simplify standard processes, meets the individual's need for validity, transparency, meritocracy, fairness and the emergence of truth. At the same time, participants express intense concern about the possibility of blockchain being instrumentalized as a new form of power in conjunction with new technologies such as 5G, AI, cloud computing, IoT and BDAA. The results of the research demonstrate the thorough attention that needs to be given to the conditions, in which the application of blockchain technology will be implemented in the field of education, in order to have the acceptance of the whole university community and society.

College Employment Problem Based on Stable Matching Theory

Based on the investigation and analysis of the employment psychological status of college graduates in China, this paper puts forward some measures and suggestions to alleviate the severe employment pressure. At the same time, it also provides the theoretical basis and reference materials for related researchers. In recent years, recruiting units have paid more and more attention to the relationship between graduates and employers and the roles played by both parties. It is found that the imbalance between supply and demand in China's labor market is the main factor affecting students' participation in civil service examinations, teachers' academic qualifications and degree certificate system reform. Among them, the employment and working environment of graduates are more influential, while for employers, the biggest impact is the gap between the positions provided by enterprises and social needs.

Verification of Ph.D. Certificate using QR Code on Blockchain Ethereum

One of the major challenges the university faces is to provide real-time verification of their student's degree certification upon request by other parties. Conventional verification systems are typically costly, time-consuming and bureaucratic against certificate credential misconduct. In addition, the forgery of graduation degree certificates has become more efficient due to easy-to-use scanning, editing, and printing technologies. Therefore, this research proposes verifying Ph.D. certificates using QR codes on the Ethereum blockchain to address certificate verification challenges. Blockchain technology ensures tamper-proof and decentralized management of degree certificates as the certificates stored on the blockchain are replicated across the network. The issuance of certificates requires the use of the issuer's private key, thus preventing forgery. The system was developed using Solidity for the smart contract, PHP, HTML/CSS for the web-based implementation, and MetaMask for blockchain integration. User testing confirmed the successful implementation and functionality of the system. Users can add, update, and delete certificates, generate and scan QR codes, and receive instant verification feedback. The verification system effectively meets all requirements, providing a robust solution for validating Ph.D. certificates. Future research may focus on scalability and adoption, privacy and data protection, user experience, and integration with existing systems. Other researchers can optimize the verification system for widespread adoption and utilization by exploring these areas. This research contributes to securing and efficiently verifying academic certificates using QR codes on the Ethereum blockchain. Ultimately, this work advances the field of certificate verification and promotes trust in academic credentials.

Survey on graduation thesis writing of Vietnam’s university students majoring in Chinese teaching as a foreign language

This study investigates the current situation of graduation thesis writing among undergraduates of Chinese Teaching as a Foreign language major in five universities in Vietnam from four aspects: the factors influencing whether students choose to write graduation thesis, the topic selection and form of graduation thesis, the difficulties in writing graduation thesis and the examination and evaluation process of graduation thesis. The study found that the lack of curriculum in Vietnamese universities resulted in the lack of essay writing skills and awareness of students. The number of students who choose to write graduation thesis every year is small, the quality of the thesis is low, and the degree of dependence on the Advisor is high. graduation thesis is mainly in the form of monographic research and investigation report, and there are few papers in the form of teaching experiment, teaching design and case analysis. The thesis topic is lack of innovation, and the major development trend is not updated in time. There is no effective way for students to find references, and the regulations and review process of graduation thesis are not rigorous enough. This study thinks that in order to improve these problems and improve the quality of students' graduation thesis, it should be reformed from top to bottom :(1) Adjust the curriculum and strengthen the training of thesis writing skills; (2) Appropriate attention should be paid to the graduation thesis, which is stipulated as a necessary condition for students to obtain the degree certificate, and the requirements of the thesis should be standardized; (3) Establish data database as soon as possible to provide convenience for students to find references and school papers.

Security-Aware and Privacy-Preserving Blockchain Chameleon Hash Functions for Education System

The most crucial properties of decentralized, immutable blockchain technologies are being transparent, tamper-proof, and have total traceability. With an increase in overseas students globally, the problem of diploma forgery, and the sale of forged credentials, the management and dissemination of student educational information continue to encounter several problems. Privacy violation issues like security, privacy, trustworthiness, consistency challenges, and traceability issues are considered when managing student academic records in educational sectors. The proposed work is a novel decentralized Chameleon Hash Function and it is applied to overcome these privacy violation issues. Security-aware and privacy-preserving blockchain Chameleon hash functions for Education System are suggested because every redaction needs to be approved by numerous blockchain nodes. A Proof of Continuous Work (PoCW) consensus algorithm entirely based on Blockchain is proposed for data storage and sharing, which minimizes processing power wastage to enhance the accessibility and transparency of the procedure for students receiving educational degree certificates. By consistently giving proof of storage, miners can gain an edge in the mining procedure. Without any outside help, Blockchain has created a reliable blockchain-based storage system that does not depend on a third party. The simulation and theoretical study's findings demonstrate that the proposed scheme has enhanced security, trustworthiness, and traceability.

行政法视角下看高等学校与学生之间的纠纷

教育权对于人的生存和发展来说已然是全世界公认的一项重要权利，但受教育权是受宪法保护的主体公法性权利，在学生接受教育的过程中，与学校发生的纠纷主要体现在三个领域：一是招生录取领域的纠纷，二是毕业证和学位证的颁发授予领域纠纷，三是处分或退学领域的纠纷。面对学校的处分等处罚行为，学生可以采取向所在学校申诉、向学校所在地的教育行政部门申诉、提起行政复议和行政诉讼这些救济手段。但现实中显现的问题，表明我们学生与高校之间的行政法律纠纷解决机制还有重建的空间。 The right to education has been recognized as a human right in a number of international conventions, including the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, which recognizes a right to free, compulsory primary education for all, an obligation to develop secondary education accessible to all with the progressive introduction of free secondary education, as well as an obligation to develop equitable access to higher education, ideally through the progressive introduction of free higher education. Disputes with schools during the course of a student's education are primarily reflected in three areas: first, disputes over enrollment; second, disputes over issuing and awarding graduation certificates and degree certificates; and third, disputes over punishment or withdrawal. When faced with punishment such as school punishment, students can appeal to their schools, the local education administrative department, and file administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation. However, the problems in reality demonstrate that there is still room for improvement of the administrative-legal dispute resolution mechanism between our students and universities

Opportunities and Challenges of Higher Education: Status of Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Tribhuvan University

This paper primarily discusses the major challenges the faculty of humanities and social sciences facing today at Tribhuvan University with more emphasis on exploring the future prospects as opportunities in its areas in the context of growing educational unemployment in Nepal. University degree has largely become a basic requirement to enter into the job market in most of the areas particularly in Nepal today. This is because higher education has been accessible to all whoever passes higher secondary education including all undergraduate studies. Although access to higher education has been easier to all the common people there are challenges in getting job in the market even after an individual gets the certificate of university degree. The government and universities of Nepal have not realized yet that we need a body of knowledge to solve the problems at our own local realities, experiences and actual need in the areas of humanities and social sciences. Most of the political leaders representing government and secretaries and officers in bureaucracy are from the field of humanities and social sciences. However, government is hesitant to invest in the areas of humanities and social sciences on higher education. Government’s investment in the universities is decreasing, in proportion, every year. Within this reference the allocation in the areas of humanities and social sciences is very low. Attraction is now increasing in technical area which is good from job perspective. But ignoring the importance of social science discipline which is continuously leading country is certainly not good. The advocates of such ideas have quoted success stories of countries like India and China. But they have not heeded to the fact that mere focus on science will ultimately result in the failure to produce fully developed human resources. These are the challenges facing by social sciences of Nepal. However, there are some new opportunities emerging in this area when it is examined in the context of Tribhuvan University. Some examples can be referenced with growing scope of social science disciplines such as Sociology, Social Work, International Relations, Economics and discipline in humanities such as English as attraction of larger number of students competing to get admission.

ANALYSIS OF EXTERIOR FEATURE AND WORKING QUALITIES OF TROTTER BREEDS HORSES BELONGING TO THE BRANCHES OF SE ‘HORSE BREEDING OF UKRAINE’ ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF THE EXPERT EVALUATION OF 2022

During the period from 2005 to 2020, the trotting horse breeding industry in Ukraine suffered significant losses, and the number of breeding horses of the Oryol breed and the Ukrainian trotting breed group being approved decreased by 60–80%, respectively [3]. Today farms engaged in the breeding of pedigree horses are unprofitable, as a result of which the gene pool is impoverished and the herd is reduced. Under such conditions, it is quite difficult to carry out selection in the direction of genetic diversity. In this way, in order to plan effective samplings and selections of animals, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive assessment of not only the breeding herd, but also the young animals that undergo testing [5]. For this purpose, an expert evaluation of trotting horses and thoroughbred riding breeds is held annually at hippodromes.
 Research purpose was to analyse the current condition of breeding young trotting horses that are tested at hippodromes, according to exterior and performance indicators.
 Research material and methods. The research was carried out in the production conditions of the branch “Odesa Hippodrome” and Communal enterprise “Kyiv Hippodrome”. The horses of trotting breeds aged 2–4 years, which were tested at these hippodromes and belonged to the following branches of State Enterprise “Horse Breeding of Ukraine” were selected for the experiments: Dibriv stud farm № 62, Zaporizhzhia stud farm № 86, Loziv stud farm № 124 and Lymariv stud farm № 61 (n = 93).
 To characterize the growth and development of the experimental animals, the following measurements were taken: height at the withers, chest girth, and wrist girth. The measurements were carried out using a measuring stick and a measuring tape according to the method by A. Krasnikov (1959). When evaluating trotters based on the obtained measurements, the Instruction on the grading of breeding horses was used.
 The working capacity of the studied herd of horses was assessed by the best agility at a distance of 1600 meters. Based on these data, the average rate of agility of horses in terms of breeds and horse owners was derived, and a statistical analysis was carried out in Excel using classic biometric methods by N. Plokhinskyi.
 Research results. To assess the exterior indicators of the trotter herd, the expert commission conducted a brood of trotters of all sex-age groups and breeds (n = 72). Subsequently, the results of breeding horses at the Dibriv stud farm, which were tested at Communal enterprise “Kyiv Hippodrome” (n = 21), were added to the obtained indicators. According to the breeding results at Odesa Hippodrome, the highest average score for exterior – 5.52 was given to the horses of the Dibriv stud farm. The average rating of this farm horses, which are tested at both hippodromes, was 5.11 points on the grading scale. According to working capacity indicators, the Dibriv stud farm leads among all farms – 7.9 points. Horses of the Zaporizhzhia stud farm received an average score of 5.26 for exterior, and 6.2 for working qualities; from Loziv – respectively, 4.64 and 7.1. The horses of the Lymariv stud farm according to the measurements did not meet the minimum requirements of the Instruction on the grading of breeding horses, and had the lowest average score for performance – 4.7.
 When studying the horses’ working qualities, it was found that the Dibriv stud farm representatives have the best agility indicators. The average score for working capacity by farm according to the Instruction on the grading of breeding horses is: Dibriv stud farm – 7.9; Zaporizhzhia – 6.2; Loziv – 7.1; Lymariv – 4.7.
 The herd of trotting stallions of all farms is mostly inferior to mares in terms of both appearance and performance. Consequently, according to the results of the realized actions, the mares received the 1st degree certificate.

E-Learning in Education

E-learning fulfills the thirst of knowledge and offers online content that can be delivered for the learner at anywhere, anytime and any age through a wide range of e-learning solution while compared with traditional learning system. It also provides the rapid access to specific knowledge and information. With the rapid growth of voluminous information sources and the time constraint the learning methodology has changed. Learners obtain knowledge through e-Learning systems rather than manually teaching and learning. In this research paper proposes the e-learning management system with web services oriented frame work and SOA. This system supports the cross browser and fully integrated with different databases. This system focused around the several features namely Content Management, Content Protection, Learning Management, Delivery Management, Evaluation management, Access Control, etc., and mainly focused on integrated platform needed for e-learning and managements. E-learning has been introduced to empower learners to get basic schooling and enhance skills. Also, they can obtain a degree certificate, without actually attending school or university or any other institution. It is a great source of earning, wherein anyone can teach from anywhere in their preferred time. Applying e-learning to all levels of schooling helped to ensure students grasp the lessons adequately at a faster place. According to psychology, the audio-visual method of teaching leads to a disciplined learning environment. There are effective tutor and student engagements. One of the importance’s of e-learning in education is that tutors and participants both can develop advanced learning skills. For example, creating and selling EBooks is one such advancement. E-learning has worked towards bringing learners, tutors, experts, practitioners, and other interest groups to one place. Thus, there is a good practice of knowledge sharing followed through different online platforms. This is important in current times as competition is rising and the world is also growing. Hence, quick information helps in the better growth of an individual. The emergence of Covid-19 pandemic undoubtedly resulted in devastating socio-economic challenges across the world. In attempt to manage the contagion, many countries have implemented restrictive measures to reduce social gatherings and to promote social distancing. This meant the closure of higher learning institutions and a major shift from traditional classroom-based teaching and learning to virtual approach. While higher education may have transformed and moved to online due to Covid-19, it is unknown whether this transformation produces positive teaching and learning outcomes. This literature review is conducted to elicit relevant evidence on E-learning and E-teaching outcomes, challenges and opportunities in the era of Covid-19 pandemic. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on 16 databases for relevant studies published in the year 2020. In addition, reference lists of studies identified from the initial search were used to retrieve additional relevant studies. The search terms used were Covid-19, corona virus, online learning, E-learning, E-teaching and higher education. An inclusion and exclusion criteria was developed to select the most relevant articles for final review. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they addressed higher education E-learning and E-teaching outcomes, challenges and opportunities in the era of Covid-19.

Blockchain Smart Contract to Prevent Forgery of Degree Certificates: Artificial Intelligence Consensus Algorithm

Certificates are often falsified, such as fake diplomas and forged transcripts. As such, many schools and educational institutions have begun to issue diplomas online. Although diplomas can be issued conveniently anytime, anywhere, there are many cases wherein diplomas are forged through hacking and forgery. This paper deals with the required Blockchain diploma. In addition, we use an automatic translation system, which incorporates natural language processing, to perform verification work that does not require an existing public certificate. The hash algorithm is used to authenticate security. This paper also proposes the use of these security protocols to provide more secure data protection. In addition, each transaction history, whether a diploma is true or not, may be different in length if it is presented in text, but converting it into a hash function means that it is always more than a certain length of SHA-512 or higher. It is then verified using the time stamp values. These chaining codes are designed. This paper also provides the necessary experimental environment. At least 10 nodes are constructed. Blockchain platform development applies and references Blockchain standardization, and a platform test, measurement test, and performance measurement test are conducted to assess the smart contract development and performance measurement. A total of 500 nodes were obtained by averaging 200 times, and a Blockchain-based diploma file was agreed upon at the same time. It shows performance information of about 4100 TPS. In addition, the analysis of artificial intelligence distribution diagram was conducted using a four-point method, and the distribution chart was evenly distributed, confirming the diploma with the highest similarity. The verified values were then analyzed. This paper proposes these natural language processing-based Blockchain algorithms.

Burnout among Physicians at Medical Departments in Benghazi-Libya

Abstract Background Burnout syndrome is recognized as a global issue, and as medical practice is stressful, healthcare workers are found to be burnt out and exhausted very soon, which is reflected negatively on the medical staff well-being, patients' outcome, and the overall organizational performance. Aim This study is planned to assess the magnitude of burnout among physicians in Benghazi-Libya. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2020 on a total of 150 physicians working at different departments of internal medicine in Benghazi-Libya. The Maslach Burnout Inventory collection instrument was used to assess the three components of burnout syndrome: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. High scores in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and low scores in personal accomplishment are indicative of high burnout. The statistical analyses of the data were performed using the SPSS version 21. The level of statistical significance was considered as p-value less than 0.05. Results 60% of the respondents were females and 40% were males. About 14.7% had high emotional exhaustion, 92% had high depersonalization, and 87.3% had low personal accomplishment scores. Statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between gender and burnout. Alternatively, a significant association was found between degree certificate and emotional exhaustion, as moderate- and high-level burnout were more prevalent among MBCHB participants than those with masters and board degrees. No association was found between degree certificate and depersonalization or personal accomplishment. Conclusion Burnout is prevalent among internal medicine doctors in Benghazi, with the newly graduated medical personnel scoring higher rates of burnout than doctors with higher degrees. No relationship was found between gender and burnout.

유럽연합의 고등교육 시스템

Higher education policy is a policy area that is deeply located in the realm of national sovereignty, and member countries have objection to the unified policy of the European Union. Accordingly, higher education policy at the EU level was very limited. However, the Bologna Process was launched outside the European Union in 1999 to internationalize higher education due to the heightened sense of crisis caused by the decline in competitiveness of European universities. The Bologna Process aimed to establish a European Higher Education Area through mutual recognition and harmonization of degrees and certificates between European universities. European Union was also stimulated by the launch of the Bologna Process in the 2000s, expanding its higher education program and establishing several technical systems for student and faculty exchanges across borders. Specifically, the European Union expanded the Erasmus and Erasmus Mundus programs for the internationalization of universities. At the same time, the European Union actively implemented systems for human exchange, such as the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS). On the other hand, Bologna Process also built its own system such as Bologna Cycle for degree certificate and qualitative evaluation of higher education. The Bologna Process also introduced the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System, already implemented by the European Union. It is noteworthy that the Bologna Process, which consists of 46 European countries, includes all 27 European Union member states. Accordingly, the European Union’s higher education policy coexists with the Bologna Process, and mutual exchange and system convergence are taking place. In Korea, internationalization of universities is also a major issue, and in order to promote exchanges and cooperation with the European Union, which has a similar academic level, it is necessary to discuss bilateral projects between the two sides. In addition, in order for Korean universities to promote international exchanges, it is necessary to establish a system for unified grades and degree certificates and qualitative evaluation of education among universities.

Efficacy of Health Belief Model in improving Exercise Behaviors to Prevent Diabetes Mellitus Among Mosul University Employees

Diabetes is a serious public health problem, and exercise plays an important role in preventing it. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy model of Health belief-based health education in improving exercise behaviors among Mosul University employees to prevent Diabetes disease. This study used an experimental design by employing a randomized control approach. The study comprised 81 individuals selected by using a simple random sampling method from five colleges of Mosul University. The sample is divided into two groups: the experimental (41) subjects and the control group (40) individuals. The data is gathered three times (T1, T2, and T3) by adopting the exercise health belief model scale. The study revealed that the sample’s mean age (SD) is 45.26 (SD = 8.59) and most of the participants are male (59.3%) and have bachelor’s degree certificates (40.7%). On the other hand, the study indicated a significant change in participants’ perceived seriousness, F (2, 79) = 9.265, P < .000, perceived benefits of exercise in preventing diabetes, F (2, 79) = 7.868, P < .001, perceived barrier F (2,79) = 7.643, p = 0. 001. The Bonofonei test proved that the change in participants' beliefs is related to the experimental group. This study is clinically important because it shows the role of health education in enhancing some beliefs related to exercise and its role in Diabetes prevention. Keywords: Health Belief Model, Exercise, Diabetes Meletus

The counterfeit degree certificate: application of blockchain technology in higher education in India

PurposeIn this work-in-progress, the application of blockchain technology (BT) in higher education in India – involving academic institutions, students and verifiers – in the wake of fake degrees (racket) being issued at a large scale from universities across the country is being investigated. This paper considers providing new methods of database system in education, and implementing the new BT in education can increase transparency and security in the education system.Design/methodology/approachThis study used interview methodology (asking interview participants a series of informal questions to obtain knowledge).FindingsPrivate and public sector organizations have many challenges to overcome in synchronizing and aligning their digital transformation efforts to enable the network effects to take hold. India’s policymakers, civil society leaders, senior business leaders and entrepreneurs are building strong clusters to help the country be the leader of the next era of the internet as a platform that helps transform human affairs for the benefit of the citizens. Executives can contribute to the digital ecosystem by creating open and collaborative cultures where knowledge and innovation are shared with the industry for the benefit of the masses and, more so, to establish quality and communication standards. They also can contribute by staying open to change, embracing digital adoption and transformation within their management models and infrastructure. It is time for institutions to rethink their processes and governance structures to become more agile and innovative players. The success of a harmonious digital identity ecosystem relies on staying ahead of the organization’s digital curve. As a first step to provide better quality in the provision of public services, Secure Key Technologies’ blockchain-based ecosystem (securekey.com) allows multiple partners to strengthen the authentication and provides identity attribute validation as a fabric of trust and as a solid foundation to embrace a new digital era. Secure Key Technologies’ vision for the future of digital identities redefines the ways both consumers and businesses approach identity verification and the sharing of key personal information. The challenges identified in the education system be it the difficulty in authenticating certifications and documents, tracking intellectual property and in accessibility can be better managed through blockchain implementation.Originality/valueDigital certificates produced using blockchains are the most secure and efficient method being adopted by many countries across the globe (Grech and Camilleri, 2017). Tamper-proof blockchain records consist of three components or layers: the first contains the signed hash of the content, the second contains all the data and images and the third is the presentation and styling of the data. The verification process is relatively simple; the hash of the recipient is compared to the hash stored on the blockchain if they match the document is verified.

ADVANCING THE COMPLETION AGENDA IN ADULT DEVELOPMENTAL READING AT THE COMMUNITY COLLEGE LEVEL: A QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH STUDY

In order to assist community college students in completing their program of study at a more rapid pace, this quantitative, correlational study examined the effectiveness of acceleration as a method to help community college students complete the developmental reading sequence quickly and more successfully. Acceleration is a curricular redesign that includes challenging readings and assignments and reduces the number of required classes in the developmental sequence. Past research does not adequately measure student success in the current community college trend of securing the most efficient pathway possible for attaining an associates degree or career certificate. Students who scored 80 or higher on the post-course, COMPASS reading placement test skipped a developmental class and were eligible to take college-level gateway courses sooner, for the purpose of saving them time and money. Retention and grade-point-average of developmental reading students who pursued an accelerated path was compared to developmental reading students who followed the traditional, two-tiered course sequence to determine first year success. In the college of the study, findings indicated developmental reading intervention, regardless of model, was effective for the students who persisted, as measured by their literacy skill gains.

Does the Hotel Internship Improve Students' Intention of Employment in the Hotel Industry?

The internship is an important means for students to improve their theoretical cognition, understand the development of the industry and clarify their future learning direction. The internship has become an important part of teaching in Higher Education Institutions, and it is also a task that students must complete to obtain an academic certificate and degree certificate. In order to improve the professional skills of the staff and the efficiency of staff recruitment, the hotel also actively establishes partnerships with universities to establish internship bases and hire interns with the expectation of retaining these interns for future employment at the hotel industry. In this research, 118 students who have finished their internship were selected for investigation and study. These students had a six-month internship in four-star or five-star hotels in Shanghai, Beijing, Hangzhou, Jinan, and so on. This research studies the factors affecting students' internship satisfaction by employing questionnaires. The findings of the study showed that the interns were very dissatisfied with the internship salary, labor intensity, night shifts, space for job advancement, and the society's attitude toward hotel attendants and that the students' employment intentions in the hotel industry were very low after the internship. This study argues that hotels should increase students' internship wages, appropriately reduce labor intensity, reduce the times of night shifts, give students the chance of priority promotion, and give them more humanistic care to improve the employment rate of hospitality management students in the hospitality industry and achieve sustainable development of human resources in the hospitality industry.

Socioeconomic Inequalities in Elective and Nonelective Hospitalizations in Older Men

Among older adults, there is limited and inconsistent evidence on the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and elective and nonelective hospitalization. To evaluate the association between SEP and all-cause and cause-specific elective and nonelective hospitalization and hospital length of stay among older men. This population-based, prospective cohort study used data from the Concord Health and Aging in Men Project (CHAMP). CHAMP recruited 1705 men aged 70 years or older between January 28, 2005, and June 4, 2007, in Sydney, Australia. Data were analyzed from February 1 to September 30, 2021. Indicators of SEP, including education (university degree certificate, diploma or no postschool qualifications), occupation (professionals and managers; small employers and self-employed; or lower clerical, service, sales workers, skilled, and unskilled workers), and source of income (other sources of income than government pension, reliance on government pensions and other sources of income, or reliant solely on a government pension), and a cumulative SEP score (tertiles) as SEP indicators; 3-level variables present high, intermediate, and low SEP. All-cause and cause-specific elective and nonelective hospitalizations, number of hospitalizations, and length of stay were the study outcomes, ascertained through data linkage. Associations were quantified using competing-risks survival regression and negative binomial regression. A total of 1566 men (mean [SD] age, 76.8 [5.4] years) were included. During a mean (SD) 9.07 (3.53) years of follow-up, 1067 men had at least 1 elective hospitalization, and 1255 men had at least 1 nonelective hospitalization. No associations were found between SEP and elective hospitalizations. Being in the lowest tertile for educational level (subhazard ratio [SHR], 1.32; 95% CI, 1.11-1.58), occupational position (SHR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.12-1.50), sources of income (SHR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.17-1.52), and cumulative SEP tertile groups (SHR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.24-1.68) were all associated with having at least 1 nonelective hospitalization compared with those in the highest tertiles. Significant associations were found between being in the lowest SEP groups and increased numbers and longer length of stay of nonelective hospitalizations. In this prospective cohort study, low SEP was inversely associated with nonelective hospitalizations but not elective hospitalization in older men in Australia. These findings point to the existence of socioeconomic inequalities in health care use, indicative of a need to take action to reduce these inequalities.

Evidence based Nursing practice: Nurses’ Awareness, Perception and Barriers

Today evidence based practice has become a key constituent of outstanding patient care. Understanding of Evidence Based Practice will help in deciding the weightage to be put on particular research, examination, report, clinical practice guidelines while making decision about care of a client. The objective of the study was to explore awareness and perception of nurses regarding evidence-based nursing practice. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data for this study from full time working nurses. Nurses with diploma, university degree certificate and postgraduate degrees participated in studywith experience in various fiels of nursing. Most of them did not receive any special training in evidence-based practice. Majority of nurses agreed that evidence-based practice is based on research findings, individualized patient care and that it is an approach to health care. According to them evidence-based practice helps in the provision of highest quality care. Clinical expertise of nurses, organizational culture to practice, patient preferences were considered as important by most of the nurses. Nurses were even aware of the needs, barriers of evidence-based practice. The study concluded that provision of timely training and facilities to provide evidence-based nursing practice will help in developing confidence among nurses and improve the quality of nursing care.