Degree Centrality Values Research Articles

Abnormal degree centrality values as a potential imaging biomarker for major depressive disorder: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study and support vector machine analysis.

ObjectivePrevious studies have revealed abnormal degree centrality (DC) in the structural and functional networks in the brains of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). There are no existing reports on the DC analysis method combined with the support vector machine (SVM) to distinguish patients with MDD from healthy controls (HCs). Here, the researchers elucidated the variations in DC values in brain regions of MDD patients and provided imaging bases for clinical diagnosis.MethodsPatients with MDD (N = 198) and HCs (n = 234) were scanned using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). DC and SVM were applied to analyze imaging data.ResultsCompared with HCs, MDD patients displayed elevated DC values in the vermis, left anterior cerebellar lobe, hippocampus, and caudate, and depreciated DC values in the left posterior cerebellar lobe, left insula, and right caudate. As per the results of the SVM analysis, DC values in the left anterior cerebellar lobe and right caudate could distinguish MDD from HCs with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 87.71% (353/432), 84.85% (168/198), and 79.06% (185/234), respectively. Our analysis did not reveal any significant correlation among the DC value and the disease duration or symptom severity in patients with MDD.ConclusionOur study demonstrated abnormal DC patterns in patients with MDD. Aberrant DC values in the left anterior cerebellar lobe and right caudate could be presented as potential imaging biomarkers for the diagnosis of MDD.

Variability and concordance among indices of brain activity in major depressive disorder with suicidal ideation: A temporal dynamics resting-state fMRI analysis

ObjectiveThe resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) have been used to explore functional abnormality of the brain in MDD patients with suicidal ideation (SI). However, few studies reported the variability and concordance of alterations of rs-fMRI indices in MDD with SI. In this study, we aimed to explore the variability and concordance of alterations of rs-fMRI indices in MDD with SI. MethodsA sliding window analysis was performed among 36 MDD patients with SI, 66 MDD patients without SI (NSI), and 50 healthy controls (HCs). Furthermore, the correlation between voxel-wise concordance and cognitive function was examined in the SI group. ResultsThe SI group had a lower dynamics degree centrality (dDC) value than the NSI group in left inferior occipital gyrus, and a lower voxel mirrored homotopic connectivity (dVMHC) value than the NSI group in the right and left inferior occipital gyrus. The mean values of volume wise concordance of HCs group shown higher than SI group and NSI group. SI group revealed decreased voxel-wise concordance in right cerebellum, left fusiform gyrus, left lingual gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, and right supplementary motor area compared to NSI group. Moreover, the voxel-wise concordance of left middle occipital gyrus was negatively correlated with verbal learning and memory and working memory in the SI group. LimitationThis is a cross-sectional analysis, limiting causal inferences. ConclusionsThe abnormal voxel-wise concordance of left middle occipital gyrus could be useful in understanding the pathophysiology of MDD patients with SI.

Machine learning analysis reveals abnormal functional network hubs in the primary angle-closure glaucoma patients.

BackgroundPrimary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is a serious and irreversible blinding eye disease. Growing studies demonstrated that PACG patients were accompanied by vision and vision-related brain region changes. However, whether the whole-brain functional network hub changes occur in PACG patients remains unknown.PurposeThe purpose of the study was to investigate the brain function network hub changes in PACG patients using the voxel-wise degree centrality (DC) method.Materials and methodsThirty-one PACG patients (21 male and 10 female) and 31 healthy controls (HCs) (21 male and 10 female) closely matched in age, sex, and education were enrolled in the study. The DC method was applied to investigate the brain function network hub changes in PACG patients. Moreover, the support vector machine (SVM) method was applied to distinguish PACG patients from HC patients.ResultsCompared with HC, PACG patients had significantly higher DC values in the right fusiform, left middle temporal gyrus, and left cerebelum_4_5. Meanwhile, PACG patients had significantly lower DC values in the right calcarine, right postcentral gyrus, left precuneus gyrus, and left postcentral gyrus. Furthermore, the SVM classification reaches a total accuracy of 72.58%, and the ROC curve of the SVM classifier has an AUC value of 0.85 (r = 0.25).ConclusionOur results showed that PACG patients showed widespread brain functional network hub dysfunction relative to the visual network, auditory network, default mode network, and cerebellum network, which might shed new light on the neural mechanism of optic atrophy in PACG patients.

Brain alterations of regional homogeneity, degree centrality, and functional connectivity in vulnerable carotid plaque patients with neither clinical symptoms nor routine MRI lesions: A resting-state fMRI study.

AimsBased on resting-state functional MRI (fMRI), we preliminarily explored brain alterations in asymptomatic patients with vulnerable carotid plaques, but carotid stenosis was < 50%.MethodsA total of 58 asymptomatic patients with vulnerable carotid plaques (stenosis <50%) and 38 healthy controls were recruited. Between-group differences in regional homogeneity (ReHo), degree centrality (DC), and functional connectivity (FC) were analyzed. Correlation analysis was performed between the ReHo or DC values in altered brain regions as well as voxel-wise abnormal FC and scores on neuropsychiatric scales, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP).ResultsBoth ReHo and DC values on the left superior occipital gyrus (SOG.L) of the asymptomatic vulnerable carotid plaque group reduced, regardless of plaque location (left, right, or bilateral). Functional connections weakened between the SOG.L and right lingual gyrus (LING.R)/right inferior occipital gyrus (IOG.R), right middle frontal gyrus (MFG.R)/orbital part of superior frontal gyrus (ORBsup.R)/orbital part of middle frontal gyrus (ORBmid.R), left precentral gyrus (PreCG.L)/postcentral gyrus (PoCG.L), left supplementary motor area (SMA.L), right paracentral lobule (PCL.R), left precuneus (PCUN.L), and right postcentral gyrus (PoCG.R)/PCL.R. In ReHo-altered brain regions, ReHo values were positively correlated with Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) scores, and the setting region of abnormal ReHo as seed points, voxel-wise FC between the SOG.L and PreCG.L was negatively correlated with CRP.ConclusionsCerebral alterations of neuronal synchronization, activity, and connectivity properties in the asymptomatic vulnerable carotid plaque group were independent of the laterality of vulnerable carotid plaques. Significant relation between ReHo values on the SOG.L and HAMD indicated that even when there were neither clinical symptoms nor lesions on routine MRI, brain function might have changed already at an early stage of carotid atherosclerosis. Inflammation might play a role in linking vulnerable carotid plaques and changes of resting-state functional connectivity.

Abnormal hubs in global network as neuroimaging biomarker in right temporal lobe epilepsy at rest.

While abnormal neuroimaging features have been reported in patients suffering from right temporal lobe epilepsy (rTLE), the value of altered degree centrality (DC) as a diagnostic biomarker for rTLE has yet to be established. As such, the present study was designed to examine DC abnormalities in rTLE patients in order to gauge the diagnostic utility of these neuroimaging features. In total, 68 patients with rTLE and 73 healthy controls (HCs) participated in this study. Imaging data were analyzed using DC and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methods. Ultimately, rTLE patients were found to exhibit reduced right caudate DC and increased left middle temporal gyrus, superior parietal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, right precuneus, frontal gyrus Inferior gyrus, middle-superior frontal gyrus, and inferior parietal gyrus DC relative to HC. ROC analyses indicated that DC values in the right caudate nucleus could be used to differentiate between rTLE patients and HCs with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Together, these results thus suggest that rTLE is associated with abnormal DC values in the right caudate nucleus, underscoring the relevance of further studies of the underlying pathophysiology of this debilitating condition.

Aberrant visual-related networks in familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy

IntroductionIn familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy, photic stimulation can trigger visual symptoms and induce a photoparoxysmal response, or photosensitivity, on electroencephalography. However, the mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the neuroimaging changes related to visual symptoms and photosensitivity in genetically confirmed familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy type 1. MethodsResting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography data were collected from 31 patients carrying the heterozygous pathogenic intronic pentanucleotide (TTTCA)n insertion in the sterile alpha motif domain-containing 12 gene and from 52 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results(1) Both regional homogeneity and degree centrality values in the bilateral calcarine sulcus were significantly increased in patients compared with healthy controls. (2) When the calcarine sulcus area with increased regional homogeneity was taken as a seed, increased functional connectivity values were observed in the right precentral gyrus, while decreased functional connectivity values were observed in the right superior frontal gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule. (3) Independent component analysis showed increased connectivity in the left calcarine sulcus inside the medial visual network. (4) Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between regional homogeneity values and frequency of seizure, and photoparoxysmal response grades were positively correlated with the severity of cortical tremor and duration of epilepsy. ConclusionThese findings provide strong evidence for the interpretation of visual symptoms and photosensitivity in familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy. We speculate that functional changes in the primary visual cortex may be an imaging biomarker for the disease.

Altered voxel-wise degree centrality associated with patients with comitant exotropia.

Objective of the study is to investigate the altered intrinsic functional hubs in patients with comitant exotropia (CE) using the voxel-wise degree centrality (DC) analysis method. A total of 28 CE patients and 28 healthy controls (HCs) similarly matched in sex, age, and education level were recruited in this study. All subjects underwent a resting-state functional MRI scan, the voxel-wise DC method was applied to evaluate brain network hubs alterations in CE patients. Then, the DC maps between two groups were chosen to be classification features to distinguish patients with CE from HCs based on the support vector machine (SVM) model. The algorithm performance was evaluated by a permutation test. Compared with HCs, CE patients exhibited significant enhanced DC value in the left cerebelum 8 and the right cerebelum 3; and remarkably decreased DC value in the right precentral gyrus, right anterior cingulated, and paracingulate gyri (two-tailed, voxel level: P < 0.01; GRF correction, cluster level: P < 0.05). However, no relationship was found between the observed average DC of the different brain regions and the clinical features ( P > 0.05). In addition, the SVM model showed an accuracy of 83.93% to clarify CE patients from HCs using the DC maps as a classification feature. CE patients displayed altered functional network hubs in multiple brain areas associated with cognition and motor control, and the DC variability could classify patients from HCs with high accuracy. These findings may assist to understand the neuropathological mechanism for the disease.

Abnormal Degree Centrality in Children with Low-Function Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Sleeping-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

PurposeThis study used the graph-theory approach, degree centrality (DC) to analyze whole-brain functional networks at the voxel level in children with ASD, and investigated whether DC changes were correlated with any clinical variables in ASD children.MethodsThe current study included 86 children with ASD and 54 matched healthy subjects Aged 2–5.5 years. Next, chloral hydrate induced sleeping-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (ss-fMRI) datasets were acquired from these ASD and healthy subjects. For a given voxel, the DC was calculated by calculating the number of functional connections with significantly positive correlations at the individual level. Group differences were tested using two-sample t-tests (p < 0.01, AlphaSim corrected). Finally, relationships between abnormal DCs and clinical variables were investigated via Pearson’s correlation analysis.ResultsChildren with ASD exhibited low DC values in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) (p < 0.01, AlphaSim corrected). Furthermore, significantly negative correlations were established between the decreased average DC values within the right MFG in ASD children and the total ABC scores, as well as with two ABC subscales measuring highly relevant impairments in ASD (ie, stereotypes and object-use behaviors and difficulties in language).ConclusionTaken together, the results of our ss-fMRI study suggest that abnormal DC may represent an important contribution to elucidation of the neuropathophysiological mechanisms of preschoolers with ASD.

The Degree Centrality and Functional Connectivity in Patients With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Presenting as Ictal Panic: A Resting State fMRI Study.

ObjectivesIctal panic (IP) can be observed occasionally in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Such descriptions can be found in previous studies, but the mechanism is still not clear and often confused with panic attacks in patients with panic disorder (PD). We try to use imaging methods (resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, rs-fMRI) to study the mechanism of this psychiatric comorbidity in patients with TLE.MethodsForty right-onset TLE patients were observed, including 28 patients with TLE but without IP and 12 patients with TLEIP along with 30 gender-age matched healthy controls were included. We collected clinical/physiological/neuropsychological and rs-fMRI data. Degree centrality (DC) and functional connectivity (FC) were calculated. For the DC and FC values, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to find different areas and t-tests were used to compare differences between the TLEIP, TLE without IP, and healthy control(HC)groups. The relationship between brain abnormalities and patient characteristics was explored by correlation analyses.ResultsNo significant differences in gender and age were found among the three groups, and no significant differences in education level, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), Hamilton Depressive Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and epilepsy duration (years) between the TLEIP and TLE without IP groups. In addition to fear, other symptoms were observed, including nausea, palpitations, rising epigastric sensation, and dyspnea. There was no correlation between the duration of IP and HAMA. Moreover, all IP durations were <2 min. Compared to the HCs and TLE without IP group, the DC value of the TLEIP group in the left middle temporal gyrus (LMTG) was significantly increased. Compared to the HCs, FC could be found between the LMTG and left inferior temporal gyrus (LITG) in the TLEIP group. In addition, there was FC between the LMTG and cerebellum in the TLEIP group. The difference in the magnitude of FC between the TLEIP vs. HC group was greater than the difference between the TLE vs. HC group.ConclusionsThis study describes brain abnormalities in patients with TLEIP. These results will help to preliminarily understand the mechanism of ictal panic and abnormal functional connection in patients with TLE, and further explore the neuroimaging mechanism of ictal panic in patients with TLE.

Neural Dysconnectivity in the Hippocampus Correlates With White Matter Lesions and Cognitive Measures in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.

PurposeRecent neuroimaging reports have shown the microstructural changes in coronary artery disease (CAD) and its correlation with cognitive dysfunction while little is known about the functional characteristics of CAD. We hypothesize that functional characteristics may give clues to underlying pathology in CAD and its link with cognitive dysfunction. Degree centrality (DC), a graph-based assessment of network organization was performed to explore the neural connectivity changes in CAD patients compared with healthy controls and their correlation with cognitive measures.MethodsThirty CAD patients and 36 healthy controls were included in our study. All participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brain. We performed DC analysis to identify voxels that showed changes in whole-brain functional connectivity with other voxels. DC was measured by the fMRI graph method and comparisons between the two groups were done. All participants underwent neuropsychological assessment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA and Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE).ResultsOur data analysis included 30 CAD patients (59.90 ± 7.53 years) and 36 HCs (61.61 ± 6.19 years). CAD patients showed a greater prevalence of white matter lesions using the Fazekas score than healthy controls (P < 0.001). Importantly, CAD patients showed significantly lower (P < 0.001) MoCA and MMSE scores compared with healthy controls. CAD patients showed significantly decreased DC value (P < 0.001) in the right hippocampus (hippocampus_R), right lingual gyrus (lingual_R), and significantly increased DC value (P < 0.001) in the left middle frontal gyrus (Frontal_Mid_L) when compared with healthy controls respectively. DC value in the hippocampus_R significantly correlated (P < 0.00) with MMSE and MoCA scores in CAD patients. Fazekas scores in CAD patients showed a significant correlation (P < 0.001) with the DC value in the hippocampus_R.ConclusionThese findings suggest that reduced cerebral neural connectivity in CAD may contribute to their cognitive impairment and white matter microstructural damage.

Alteration of Degree Centrality in Adolescents With Early Blindness.

Congenital nystagmus in infants and young children can lead to early blindness (EB). Previous neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that EB is accompanied by alterations in brain structure and function. However, the effects of visual impairment and critical developmental periods on brain functional connectivity at rest have been unclear. Here, we used the voxel-wise degree centrality (DC) method to explore the underlying functional network brain activity in adolescents with EB. Twenty-one patients with EBs and 21 sighted controls (SCs) underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Differences between the two groups were assessed using the DC method. Moreover, the support vector machine (SVM) method was used to differentiate patients with EB patients from the SCs according to DC values. Compared with the SCs, the patients with EB had increased DC values in the bilateral cerebellum_6, cerebellum vermis_4_5, bilateral supplementary motor areas (SMA), and left fusiform gyrus; the patients with EB had decreased DC values in the bilateral rectal gyrus and left medial orbital frontal gyrus. The SVM classification of the DC values achieved an overall accuracy of 70.45% and an area under the curve of 0.86 in distinguishing between the patients with EB and the SCs. Our study may reveal the neuromechanism of neuroplasticity in EB; the findings provide an imaging basis for future development of restorative visual therapies and sensory substitution devices, and future assessments of visual rehabilitation efficacy.

Altered Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations and Degree Centrality in Patients with Acute Subjective Tinnitus: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

The difference in spontaneous brain activity between acute subjective tinnitus patients (with or without hearing loss) and control participants was explored using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and degree centrality methods through resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The study aimed to provide an objective basis for clinical diagnosis and pathogenesis of patients with acute subjective tinnitus. Fourteen acute subjective tinnitus (AST) patients with hearing loss (AST-HL), 6 AST patients with no hearing loss (AST-NHL), and 14 healthy controls (HCs) with age, sex, and education status matched were recruited for this study. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) examinations were performed in a resting state and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and degree centrality (DC) values of each group were acquired. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the ALFF and DC values of different brain areas of the participants (AST-HL and AST-NHL were compared with HCs, but AST-HL and AST-NHL were not). Patients with acute subjective tinnitus and hearing loss showed a significantly increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation values in the left middle temporal gyrus and bilateral frontal gyrus/marginal lobe/cingulate gyrus but a decreased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations values in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus/anterior cerebellar lobe in comparison with healthy controls. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation values of patients with acute subjective tinnitus and hearing loss in the right posterior lobe of the cerebellum, bilateral temporal gyrus, bilateral lenticular nucleus, bilateral frontal gyrus, right inferior occipital gyrus, were higher, but were significantly lower in the bilateral anterior lobe of cerebellum/superior temporal gyrus and left posterior cerebellar lobe as compared with those of healthy controls. Degree centrality values in the healthy controls group were increased in the right superior marginal gyrus and decreased in the right thalamus in patients with acute subjective tinnitus and hearing loss, while patients with acute subjective tinnitus with no hearing loss presented significantly higher degree centrality values in the left frontal lobe and lower degree centrality values in the left center rear return. Aberrant amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and values exist in various brain regions, indicating abnormal spontaneous brain activity in both acute subjective tinnitus and hearing loss and acute subjective tinnitus no hearing loss patients. The pathogenesis of acute subjective tinnitus may be related to abnormalities in both the auditory cortex and nonauditory cortex. These findings provide more evidence to help clarify the neuronal symptoms of acute subjective tinnitus patients.

Disrupted Topological Organization of Resting-State Functional Brain Networks in Age-Related Hearing Loss.

PurposeAge-related hearing loss (ARHL), associated with the function of speech perception decreases characterized by bilateral sensorineural hearing loss at high frequencies, has become an increasingly critical public health problem. This study aimed to investigate the topological features of the brain functional network and structural dysfunction of the central nervous system in ARHL using graph theory.MethodsForty-six patients with ARHL and forty-five age, sex, and education-matched healthy controls were recruited to undergo a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan in this study. Graph theory was applied to analyze the topological properties of the functional connectomes by studying the local and global organization of neural networks.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, the patient group showed increased local efficiency (Eloc) and clustering coefficient (Cp) of the small-world network. Besides, the degree centrality (Dc) and nodal efficiency (Ne) values of the left inferior occipital gyrus (IOG) in the patient group showed a decrease in contrast with the healthy control group. In addition, the intra-modular interaction of the occipital lobe module and the inter-modular interaction of the parietal occipital module decreased in the patient group, which was positively correlated with Dc and Ne. The intra-modular interaction of the occipital lobe module decreased in the patient group, which was negatively correlated with the Eloc.ConclusionBased on fMRI and graph theory, we indicate the aberrant small-world network topology in ARHL and dysfunctional interaction of the occipital lobe and parietal lobe, emphasizing the importance of dysfunctional left IOG. These results suggest that early diagnosis and treatment of patients with ARHL is necessary, which can avoid the transformation of brain topology and decreased brain function.

Non-native plant species integrate well into plant-pollinator networks in a diverse man-made flowering plant community

Urban green areas offer diverse flower resources for pollinators. Yet, the role of non-native plant species in local plant-pollinator networks is understudied. We explored the effects of plant origin, nationwide distribution, flower color and type on flower visitation by wild bees and honey bees as well as the structure of a plant-pollinator network in a botanical garden in Hungary. Honey bee preferred North American plants over Europeans; it had the highest degree and topological centrality value. The network had similar compactness with its simulated removal from the network model. The species richness and abundance of flower-visiting wild bees did not differ among the plants of different origins and flower color and type. Plant species of different origin, nationwide distribution, and flower color and type had the highest number of direct and indirect links. Our results suggest that non-native plant species can integrate well in diverse botanical gardens and wild bees can adopt these new foraging resources.

Shared and Unique Effects of Long-Term Administration of Methylphenidate and Atomoxetine on Degree Centrality in Medication-Naïve Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder.

BackgroundAlthough methylphenidate (MPH) and atomoxetine (ATX) can improve clinical symptoms and functional impairments in attention deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD), the underlying psychopharmacological mechanisms have not been clearly elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to explore the shared and unique neurologic basis of these 2 medications in alleviating the clinical symptoms and functional impairments observed in ADHD.MethodsSixty-seven ADHD and 44 age-matched children with typical development were included and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans at baseline. Then patients were assigned to MPH, ATX, or untreated subgroups, based on the patients’ and their parents’ choice, for a 12-week follow-up and underwent a second functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. The treatment effect on degree centrality (DC) was identified and correlated with clinical symptoms and functional impairments in the ADHD group.ResultsBoth MPH and ATX normalized the DC value in extensive brain regions mainly involving fronto-cingulo-parieto-cerebellum circuits. However, ATX showed limited significant effects on the cerebellum compared with ADHD at baseline. The improvements in clinical symptoms were correlated with increased DC in the right inferior temporal gyrus in both MPH and ATX subgroups but showed opposite effects. The alleviation of functional impairments in the school/learning domain negatively correlated with decreased DC in the bilateral cerebellum after MPH treatment, and the family functional domain positively correlated with decreased DC in the cerebellum and negatively correlated with decreased DC in the postcentral gyrus after ATX treatment.ConclusionsBoth MPH and ATX can normalize abnormal brain functions that mainly involve the fronto-cingulo-parieto-cerebellum circuit in ADHD. Furthermore, the 2 medications showed shared and unique effects on brain functions to alleviate clinical symptoms and functional impairment.

Structure of human resource management in the information technology field: A bibliometric analysis

Human resource management (HRM) involves huge amounts of data, which requires the application of modern information technologies (IT). The paper looks at the role and development of human resource management in information technologies by employing bibliometric analysis of publications released in the period of 2001–2020 and aims to understand the interaction between the two fields. The methodological basis includes the concept of human resource management. In the article, the bibliometric methods were used, such as co-word, social network and keyword frequency analyses. The information basis of the study includes 562 articles indexed in Scopus database. The data obtained were processed using VOSviewer, Pajek and UCINET software. The 20-year period under study was divided into four periods of five years each to interpret the combination of methods, betweenness centrality and degree centrality values of the keywords for each period. Social network analysis findings reveal that sustainable HRM studies in the IT field are cohesive and connected, and appear to be building as an academic field. According to the research findings, human resource development, cloud computing, supply chain management, and job satisfaction are the most likely study fields in the future. Developments in the field of HRM provide a subjective assessment and interpretation of the emerging trends based on the quantitative approach and identify the existing research gaps, such as looking for an association between IT and sustainable HRM social effects.

Brain Functional Alteration at Different Stages of Neuropathic Pain With Allodynia and Emotional Disorders.

Neuropathic pain (NeuP), a challenging medical condition, has been suggested by neuroimaging studies to be associated with abnormalities of neural activities in some brain regions. However, aberrancies in brain functional alterations underlying the sensory-discriminative abnormalities and negative emotions in the setting of NeuP remain unexplored. Here, we aimed to investigate the functional alterations in neural activity relevant to pain as well as pain-related depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors in NeuP by combining amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and degree centrality (DC) analyses methods based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). A rat model of NeuP was established via chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Results revealed that the robust mechanical allodynia occurred early and persisted throughout the entire observational period. Depressive and anxiety-like behaviors did not appear until 4 weeks after injury. When the maximum allodynia was apparent early, CCI rats exhibited decreased ALFF and DC values in the left somatosensory and nucleus accumbens shell (ACbSh), respectively, as compared with sham rats. Both values were significantly positively correlated with mechanical withdrawal thresholds (MWT). At 4 weeks post-CCI, negative emotional states were apparent and CCI rats were noted to exhibit increased ALFF values in the left somatosensory and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) as well as increased DC values in the right motor cortex, as compared with sham rats. At 4 weeks post-CCI, ALFF values in the left somatosensory cortex and DC values in the right motor cortex were noted to negatively correlate with MWT and exhibition of anxiety-like behavior on an open-field test (OFT); values were found to positively correlate with the exhibition of depressive-like behavior on forced swimming test (FST). The mPFC ALFF values were found to negatively correlate with the exhibition of anxiety-like behavior on OFT and positively correlate with the exhibition of depressive-like behavior on FST. Our findings detail characteristic alterations of neural activity patterns induced by chronic NeuP and underscore the important role of the left somatosensory cortex, as well as its related networks, in the mediation of subsequent emotional dysregulation due to NeuP.

Analisis Node Dengan Metode Degree Centrality Dan Follower Rank Pada Tagar Twitter

Twitter is one of the most popular social media platform as a means of information and interaction with other people. Since its launch in 2006, Twitter has been classified as a microblogging site. Data in the form of node analysis (actors) on Twitter can be analyzed using a social network analysis method approach. This study was designed to analyze data on tweet containing the hastag “#LuhutPenghisapDarahRakyat”. This analysis uses the degree centrality method to identify influential nodes (actors) and the follower rank method to find popular nodes (actors). The data were 2803 nodes and 8030 edges data was taken from November 6,2021 to November 7,2021. The results show that the @arthan38836243 account is the actor with the higshest degree centrality value, which is 265 and the @teriwinarno account is the actor with the highest popularity value or follower rank, which is 0.988081224. This shows that influential actors are not necessarily the same as popular actor. This studt that among the 10 main actors with the highest degree centrality value, one of the actors was a buzzer account on Twitter

Examination of the theses published in family medicine related to health literacy with social network analysis

Background: In recent years, it has been seen that the concept of health literacy has an increasing interest in academic studies and theses published in Turkey. Within the scope of the study, the theses written on health literacy in the field of family medicine were evaluated. It was aimed to reveal the thematic development and knowledge structure of the theses published in this field.&#x0D; Material and Methods: Within the scope of this study, social network analysis was carried out based on the keywords obtained from the theses prepared with the target of health literacy. Theses included in the study were accessed via https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/. The studies that include the phrase “health literacy” in the title were selected in the examination scope, and the keywords obtained from these theses were listed.&#x0D; Results: It is observed that the concept with the highest degree of centrality and betweenness centrality is “health literacy,” as expected. Following the keyword “health literacy,” the keywords “life quality,” “mortality,” “family medicine,” “vaccine,” and “diabetes mellitus” have the highest degree of centrality, respectively. It is observed that the betweenness centrality values of the “newest vital sign” and “life quality” keywords are quite high compared to the degree centrality values.&#x0D; Conclusions: Through this study, researchers can focus on issues that are not emphasized much, create original research questions and contribute to the literature. In addition, it may be important to reveal which concepts are associated with the concept of health literacy through this study.

Altered voxel-level whole-brain functional connectivity in multiple system atrophy patients with depression symptoms

BackgroundIt is yet unknown if the whole-brain resting-state network is altered in multiple system atrophy with symptoms of depression. This study aimed to investigate if and how depression symptoms in multiple system atrophy are associated with resting-state network dysfunction.MethodsWe assessed the resting-state functional network matric using Degree centrality (DC) coupling with a second ROI-wise functional connectivity (FC) algorithm in a multimodal imaging case-control study that enrolled 32 multiple system atrophy patients with depression symptoms (MSA-D), 30 multiple system atrophy patients without depression symptoms (MSA-ND), and 34 healthy controls (HC).ResultsCompared to HC, MSA-D showed more extensive DC hub dysfunction in the left precentral and right middle frontal cortex than MSA-ND. A direct comparison between MSA-D and MSA-ND detected increased DC in the right anterior cingulum cortex, but decreased DC in the left cerebellum lobule IV and lobule V, left middle pole temporal cortex, and right superior frontal cortex. Only right anterior cingulum cortex mean DC values showed a positive correlation with depression severity, and used ACC as seed, a second ROI-wise functional connectivity further revealed MSA-D patients showed decreased connectivity between the ACC and right thalamus and right middle temporal gyrus (MTG).ConclusionsThese findings revealed that dysfunction of rACC, right middle temporal lobe and right thalamus involved in depressed MSA. Our study might help to the understanding of the neuropathological mechanism of depression in MSA.