Degradation Profile Research Articles

Progress in injectable hydrogels for the treatment of incompressible bleeding: an update.

Uncontrollable haemorrhage from deep, noncompressible wounds remains a persistent and intractable challenge, accounting for a very high proportion of deaths in both war and disaster situations. Recently, injectable hydrogels have been increasingly studied as potential haemostatic materials, highlighting their enormous potential for the management of noncompressible haemorrhages. In this review, we summarize haemostatic mechanisms, commonly used clinical haemostatic methods, and the research progress on injectable haemostatic hydrogels. We emphasize the current status of injectable hydrogels as haemostatic materials, including their physical and chemical properties, design strategy, haemostatic mechanisms, and application in various types of wounds. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of injectable hydrogels as haemostatic materials, as well as the opportunities and challenges involved. Finally, we propose cutting-edge research avenues to address these challenges and opportunities, including the combination of injectable hydrogels with advanced materials and innovative strategies to increase their biocompatibility and tune their degradation profile. Surface modifications for promoting cell adhesion and proliferation, as well as the delivery of growth factors or other biologics for optimal wound healing, are also suggested. We believe that this paper will inform researchers about the current status of the use of injectable haemostatic hydrogels for noncompressible haemorrhage and spark new ideas for those striving to propel this field forward.

Improving bone defect healing using magnesium phosphate granules with tailored degradation characteristics

ObjectivesDental implant placement frequently requires preceding bone augmentation, for example, with hydroxyapatite (HA) or β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) granules. However, HA is degraded very slowly in vivo and for β-TCP inconsistent degradation profiles from too rapid to rather slow are reported. To shorten the healing time before implant placement, rapidly resorbing synthetic materials are of great interest. In this study, we investigated the potential of magnesium phosphates in granular form as bone replacement materials. MethodsSpherical granules of four different materials were prepared via an emulsion process and investigated in trabecular bone defects in sheep: struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O), K-struvite (MgKPO4·6H2O), farringtonite (Mg3(PO4)2) and β-TCP. ResultsAll materials except K-struvite exhibited promising support of bone regeneration, biomechanical properties and degradation. Struvite and β-TCP granules degraded at a similar rate, with a relative granules area of 29% and 30% of the defect area 4 months after implantation, respectively, whereas 18% was found for farringtonite. Only the K-struvite granules degraded too rapidly, with a relative granules area of 2% remaining, resulting in initial fibrous tissue formation and intermediate impairment of biomechanical properties. Significance:We demonstrated that the magnesium phosphates struvite and farringtonite have a comparable or even improved degradation behavior in vivo compared to β-TCP. This emphasizes that magnesium phosphates may be a promising alternative to established calcium phosphate bone substitute materials.

Thermoresponsive and Injectable Pluronic F127 Hydrogel for Loading Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Stem cell-based therapies display immense potential in regenerative medicine, highlighting the crucial significance of devising efficient delivery methods. This study centers on a pioneering approach that utilizes Pluronic F127 (PF127) as a thermoresponsive and injectable hydrogel designed for the encapsulation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs). The degradation profile, gelation time, and microstructure of the PF127 hydrogel were thoroughly examined. AdMSCs were isolated, expanded, and characterized based on their multi-lineage differentiation potential. AdMSCs from the third passage were specifically employed for encapsulation within the PF127 hydrogel. Subsequently, the cytotoxicity of the AdMSC-loaded PF127 hydrogel was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and apoptosis assays. Characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the PF127 hydrogel exhibited a porous structure, indicating its suitability for accommodating AdMSCs and facilitating wound healing. The PF127 hydrogel demonstrated reversible phase transitions, rendering it suitable for in vivo applications. Studies on the gelation time of PF127 hydrogel unveiled a concentration-dependent decrease in gelation time, offering adaptability for diverse medical applications. Analysis of the degradation profile showcased a seven-day degradation period, leading to the decision for weekly topical applications. Cytotoxicity assessments confirmed that AdMSCs loaded into the PF127 hydrogel maintained heightened metabolic activity for up to one week, affirming the safety and appropriateness of the PF127 hydrogel for encapsulating cellular therapeutics. Furthermore, cell apoptosis assays consistently indicated low rates of apoptosis, emphasizing the viability and robust health of AdMSCs when delivered within the hydrogel. These findings underscore the vast potential of PF127 hydrogel as a versatile and biocompatible delivery system for AdMSCs in the realm of regenerative medicine. Boasting adjustable gelation properties and a remarkable capacity for cell encapsulation, this pioneering delivery system presents a promising path for applications in tissue engineering and wound healing. Ultimately, these advancements propel and elevate the landscape of regenerative medicine.

Isolation and characterization of novel degradation products in fenoverine by LC-QTOF-MS/MS, LC-MSn and 2D-NMR

Fenoverine was subjected to stress studies under various conditions to evaluate its degradation profile. The drug is highly susceptible to oxidative and alkaline stress conditions at room temperature, which resulted in five oxidative degradants and two alkaline degradants.

Thermal Modeling and Degradation Profiling of E-Mode GaN HEMTs for Aging Characterization

Thermal Modeling and Degradation Profiling of E-Mode GaN HEMTs for Aging Characterization

Comparative understanding of peroxide quantitation assays: a case study with peptide drug product degradation.

Peroxide-mediated oxidation of drug molecules is a known challenge faced throughout the pharmaceutical development pathway-from early-stage stability studies to manufacturing processes. During the initial development stage, the major source of peroxide is the formulation excipients, whether they are pre-loaded or generated in situ due to slow degradation, and in the late phase, peroxides can be introduced during sanitization processes or generated via cavitation. In essence, a control strategy for peroxide mitigation often becomes a critical quality attribute for successful drug development. To this end, quantitation of peroxide is essential to monitor the peroxide level to ensure product quality and proposed shelf-life. However, methods for reliable and robust quantitation to detect trace levels of peroxide in a complex drug product matrix become increasingly challenging. This article discusses three high-throughput assays based on absorbance, fluorescence and chemiluminescence measurements to detect peroxide at a low level and compares the methods through validation studies in water. Selected methods have also been tested to understand the forced degradation of model peptide drug products with spiked hydrogen peroxide. Peptide degradation profiles and residual peroxide levels are presented to provide an understanding of the suitability of the quantitation methods and their performance.

Fabrication and evaluation of the regenerative effect of a polycaprolactone/chitosan nanofibrous scaffold containing bentonite nanoparticles in a rat model of deep second-degree burn injury.

In the present study, we evaluated the effect of a nanofibrous scaffold including polycaprolactone (PCL), chitosan (CHT), and bentonite nanoparticles (Ben-NPS) on wound healing in order to introduce a novel dressing for burn wounds. PCL, PCL/CHT, and PCL/CHT/Ben-NPS nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated by the electrospinning technique. Their structural and physiochemical characteristics were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile strength, water contact angle, as well as, swelling and degradation profiles test. The disc diffusion assay was carried out to investigate the antibacterial potential of the scaffolds. In addition, the cell viability and proliferation ability of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) on the scaffolds were assessed using MTT assay as well as SEM imaging. The wound-healing property of the nanofibrous scaffolds was evaluated by histopathological investigations during 3,7, and 14 days in a rat model of burn wounds. SEM showed that all scaffolds had three-dimensional, beadles-integrated structures. Adding Ben-NPS into the PCL/CHT polymeric composite significantly enhanced the mechanical, swelling, and antibacterial properties. HDFs had the most cell viability and proliferation values on the PCL/CHT/Ben-NPS scaffold. Histopathological evaluation in the rat model revealed that dressing animal wounds with the PCL/CHT/Ben-NPS scaffold promotes wound healing. The PCL/CHT/Ben-NPS scaffold has promising regenerative properties for accelerating skin wound healing.

Determination of the Magnetic Degradation Profile on the Cutting-Edge of Mechanically Cut Electrical Steels

Determination of the Magnetic Degradation Profile on the Cutting-Edge of Mechanically Cut Electrical Steels

Characterization of Prasugrel Degradation Profile by Several Oxidative Reagents using HPLC and LC-MS/MS Technique

Prasugrel, a derivative of thienopyridine functions as a prodrug that exerts irreversible inhibition on platelet ADP receptors by specifically targeting the P2Y12 receptor. In pharmaceuticals, the stability of the product plays a crucial role in establishing the shelf life of product. The second common degradation pathway next to hydrolysis is the oxidation. In practice, the oxidative stress studies were carried out using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), free radicals, oxygen purging, transition metals, singlet oxygen, Fenton reagent, etc. This study compares the oxidative degradation behaviour of prasugrel hydrochloride using different oxidative stressors and was analyzed by HPLC using a method that could separate degradation products individually and from the drug. The degradation products formed under different stress conditions were characterized using LC-TOF-MS/MS. Analysis of accelerated stability samples of prasugrel formulation revealed that the degradation products formed under azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and H2O2 stress conditions were simulated with the stability data. This study on prasugrel showed that the degradation products formed with H2O2 were also observed under hydrolytic conditions. In the pharmaceutical industry, H2O2 is the only oxidative stressor (< 95%) used to study the oxidation degradation of the sample. The present work has demonstrated that AIBN serves as a valuable oxidative stressor for accurately assessing the oxidative stability of drug.

Effects of thermal and nonthermal treatments on microorganisms, pyrrolizidine alkaloids and volatile compounds in oregano (Origanum vulgare L.)

Effects of steam sterilization, gamma-irradiation, UV-irradiation and ozonation on microbial inactivation, pyrrolizidine alkaloid degradation and volatile compound profile in oregano were investigated. Steam sterilization and gamma-irradiation were the most effective treatments in inactivating microorganisms. These treatments resulted in 0.87–2.15 log reductions in total aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts and reduced yeast-mold and Enterobacteriaceae counts below the detectable level. Steam sterilization caused increased levels of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and decreased levels of their N-oxide forms (PANOs) demonstrating a simultaneous conversion of PANOs into the corresponding PAs. Ozone treatment caused significant decreases in the levels of individual and total PAs/PANOs. After ozone treatment, decreases of 54.4, 53.9, 61.6 and 61.4% were observed in the levels of europine-N-oxide, europine, lasiocarpine-N-oxide and lasiocarpine, respectively. Steam sterilization, UV-irradiation and ozone treatments significantly altered the composition of the volatile compounds of oregano as evidenced by decreased levels of major components and the formation of some new compounds.

Development of photocrosslinkable bioinks with improved electromechanical properties for 3D bioprinting of cardiac BioRings

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an advanced fabrication technique to build biomimetic constructs for different biomedical applications. Here, we developed composite bioinks based on photocrosslinkable natural polymers, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and alginate methacrylate (AlgMA), and electroconductive reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanomaterials. The photocrosslinked hydrogels indicated interconnected porous microarchitecture with detectable rGO nanosheets on the pore walls. The addition of AlgMA and rGO to GelMA bioinks significantly enhanced tensile and compressive mechanical properties, improved the rheological properties and printability of inks, and controlled the degradation profile of the constructs. The optimization was done based on the suitable electromechanical properties for cardiac tissue engineering applications. The ring-shaped cardiac constructs were further 3D bioprinted with different cardiac cell types (neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, and HL-1 cells). The optimized bioink supported a high level of cardiac cell viability, proliferation, spreading, elongation, and alignment with functional hallmarks (e.g., calcium transient and cellular spontaneous beating). Proof-of-concept validation was demonstrated for utilizing this platform as a 3D bioprinted heart-on-a-chip model with automated high-throughput in the 12-well plates. The developed bioprinted cardiac model could be used for different applications, including drug screening and disease modeling.

Improved Topical Ophthalmic Natamycin Suspension for the Treatment of Fungal Keratitis.

Purpose: Natamycin (NT) is used as a first-line antifungal prescription in the treatment of fungal keratitis (FK) and is commercially available as a 5% w/v ophthalmic suspension. NT shows poor water solubility and light sensitivity. Thus, the present investigation is aimed to enhance the fraction of NT in solution in the commercial formulation by adding cyclodextrins (CDs), thereby improving the delivery of the drug into deeper ocular tissues. Methods: The solubility of NT in different CDs, the impact of ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, stability at 4°C and 25°C, in vitro release, and ex vivo transcorneal permeation studies were performed. Results: NT exhibited the highest solubility (66-fold) in randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin (RM-βCD) with hydroxypropyl-βCD (HP-βCD) showing the next highest solubility (54-fold) increase in comparison to market formulation Natacyn® as control. The stability of NT-CD solutions was monitored for 2 months (last-time point) at both storage conditions. The degradation profile of NT in NT-RM-βCD and NT-HP-βCD solutions under UV-light exposure followed first-order kinetics exhibiting half-lives of 1.2 h and 1.4 h, respectively, an almost 3-fold increase over the control solutions. In vitro release/diffusion studies revealed that suspensions containing RM-βCD and HP-βCD increased transmembrane flux significantly (3.1-fold) compared to the control group. The transcorneal permeability of NT from NT-RM-βCD suspension exhibited an 8.5-fold (P < 0.05) improvement compared to Natacyn eyedrops. Furthermore, the addition of RM-βCD to NT suspension increases the solubilized fraction of NT and enhances transcorneal permeability. Conclusion: Therefore, NT-RM-βCD formulations could potentially lead to a decreased frequency of administration and significantly improved therapeutic outcomes in FK treatment.

Direct-to-biology, automated, nano-scale synthesis, and phenotypic screening-enabled E3 ligase modulator discovery

Thalidomide and its analogs are molecular glues (MGs) that lead to targeted ubiquitination and degradation of key cancer proteins via the cereblon (CRBN) E3 ligase. Here, we develop a direct-to-biology (D2B) approach for accelerated discovery of MGs. In this platform, automated, high throughput, and nano scale synthesis of hundreds of pomalidomide-based MGs was combined with rapid phenotypic screening, enabling an unprecedented fast identification of potent CRBN-acting MGs. The small molecules were further validated by degradation profiling and anti-cancer activity. This revealed E14 as a potent MG degrader targeting IKZF1/3, GSPT1 and 2 with profound effects on a panel of cancer cells. In a more generalized view, integration of automated, nanoscale synthesis with phenotypic assays has the potential to accelerate MGs discovery.

PH-Dependent photocatalytic performance of faceted BiOBr semiconductor particles in degradation of dyes

Bismuth oxyhalides, such as bismuth-oxy-bromide (BiOBr), show high performance in photocatalytic oxidation of water pollutants. Process conditions, and in particular the pH of the solution, largely affect the photocatalytic efficacy, which is fundamentally poorly understood. We prepared {001} faceted bismuth-oxy-bromide (BiOBr), and determined by advanced AFM analysis that the surface charge of the {001} facet of BiOBr is slightly positive at acidic pH (pH 3) and significantly negative and increasing in negative surface charge in the order pH 6 < pH 9. Decomposition of MB or RhB by illumination of BiOBr is strongly favored by basic conditions (pH 9-10), as evident from discoloration experiments, and determination of the TOC as a function of time of illumination. Reference experiments show the pH dependent degradation profiles cannot be explained by differences in quantities of adsorption of the dye, but rather by the lifetime and/or quantity of BiOBr related photoexcited (surface) charge carriers (holes and electrons) – correlating with surface charge. Using MeOH and other scavengers, we show oxidation of MB or RhB is mainly induced by superoxide anions (•O2− radicals) at low pH and by holes or hydroxyl radicals at high pH – in agreement with surface charge induced band bending. This study provides novel understanding of the pH dependence of the rates of photocatalytic degradation of dyes using BiOBr photocatalysts.

Development of melatonin-embedded PLGA-PEG6000 nanofiber biomaterial, and investigation of the effects on abdominal adhesion formation

Abdominal adhesions are still among the most common postsurgical peritoneal inflammation-related complications. Adhesion-related disorders are still highly costly and prevalent due to advances in surgical techniques, treatment methods, and various drugs. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Poly ( D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)- polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) Nanofiber + Melatonin on the abdominal adhesion model in rats. For this purpose, PLGA-PEG6000 Nanofiber + Melatonin matrix was fabricated and implanted in an experimental abdominal adhesion model in rats. Our study consisted of an in vitro and an in vivo part. The degradation and release profile of the matrix and Melatonin (Mel) embedded matrix was performed in vitro. In vivo, the procedure was carried out with 18 Wistar male rats. Rats were divided into three groups as follows: Sham, Matrix, and Mel + Matrix, respectively. Consequent to degradation and release profiling in vitro, an experimental adhesion model was created and fabricated pure matrix (2 × 2 cm2), and matrix (2 × 2 cm2, 0.25 mg melatonin/per matrix embedded) was applied to injury area in related groups. Intra-abdominal adhesion scores were determined on post-op 21st day, under general anesthesia. Following, cecum, peritoneal tissue, and adhesive bands were harvested. Macroscopic analysis (severity of adhesion formation), Hematoxlyn&amp;Eosin and Masson’s Trichrome staining (for the examination of the levels of infiltration of inflammatory cells, fibrosis, and neovascularization) were performed for the evaluation of the effects of Mel embedded and pure matrix Our results indicated that PLGA-PEG6000 Nanofiber + Melatonin matrix was degraded completely in rats abdominal cavity and significantly reduced adhesion formation compared to other groups macroscopically ( p &lt; 0.05). On the other hand, the histopathological analysis indicated that the fabricated matrix reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrosis, and neovascularization levels.

Forced Degradation Studies of Stigmasterol: Development of Stability Indicating Hptlc Method and I’ts Validation as Per Ich Guidelines

Background - Forced degradation is a method for determining the stability of pharmaceuticals so that stable formulations can be developed &amp; the shelf life of pharmaceuticals can be predicted. During force degradation studies in pharmaceuticals, this research describes the characterization of generated contaminants and mechanism of formation. Forced degradation studies are used in the early stages of pharmaceutical development to ensure that the final products are stable. The goal of herbal drug stability testing is to give data on how much quality of the herbal products changes over time as a result of environmental variables like temperature, oxygen, and humidity, and to determine suggested storage settings, retest intervals, and shelf life. Objective - The current research focuses on the degradation profile of Stigmasterol, an active medicinal component in Chlorophytum borivilianum (Safed Musli), under several ICH mandated stress conditions. Material and Method - The stationary phase was TLC plates precoated with silica gel 60F-254.The solvent system is made up of toluene and ethyl acetate (8:2). This system produced well-separated Stigmasterol spots at Rf (0.40 ± 0.02). After derivatization by anisaldehyde sulphuric acid, stigmasterol was analysed at a wavelength of 550 nm. The Q1AR (parent drug stability testing guidelines) issued by the International ICH (Conference on Harmonization) were strictly followed. Conclusion - The current research establishes the degradation of stigmasterol under ICH-mandated stress conditions (i.e., Acid, Base, and Oxidative hydrolysis) using HPTLC. The drug breaks down in acidic and oxidative environments, but not in bases. The standard stigmasterol has an Rf value of 0.40± 0.02, in acidic conditions, the degradant is found on 1st day, 2nd day, 3rd day, 4th day and 5th day having an Rf value of 0.58 ± 0.02 and in the oxidative medium also, the degradant is found on 1st day ,2ndday ,3rdday ,4th day and 5th day having an Rf value of 0.17 ± 0.02. The method can be utilized as a stability indicator because it effectively separates the drug by its degradation products in acidic and oxidative conditions. Identification of degradants and impurities below the 0.1 percent limit is not required, as stated by ICH recommendations on impurities in new herbal drug products, unless possible impurities and degradants are predicted to be exceptionally powerful or dangerous and the highest daily dosage qualification threshold to be generally considered is &lt; 2g per day 0.1 percent or 1 mg per day consumption (whichever is less) &gt;2g per day 0.05 percent. Degradants obtained in the present study can be used as lead compounds for the novel drug discovery process and the biological activity of these compounds can also be established as ICH guidelines.

Effect of Chemical Modification of Melicoccus Bijugatus Jacq Starch on the Fabrication of Poly(lactic acid)/Starch Films

AbstractThis study presents the characteristics resulting from the modification of the Melicococcus bijugatus jacq (huaya) with hexamethyl diisocyanate (HDI) and epoxidized avocado oil (AO) by the one‐step method within situ formation of peracetic acid (PA). HDI‐modified huaya starch and epoxidized AO present chemical characteristics that, according to the literature, improve the compatibility between polylactic acid (PLA) and starch when used to prepare biodegradable films according to the proposed reaction mechanism. The FTIR analysis confirmed that the grafting reaction of HDI onto the surfaces of the huaya starch granules and the epoxidation of the avocado oil took place. Peaks corresponding to vibrations of ‐NCO and ‐NH functional groups and vibrations of epoxy groups are present. The degradation profiles of the thermogravimetric analysis showed that more energy is required to initiate degradation after modification of the compounds. Scanning electron microscopy results showed effects on the huaya starch granules′ surface after the modification with HDI and a change in size. These results suggest compatibilization between the carbonyl groups, like those in the polylactic acid, the epoxy groups of the modified oil, and the isocyanate groups of the functionalized starch.

Sustainable additive manufacturing of interference screws made from eco-friendly filament for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a sustainable manufacturing approach because it can lower emissions and have a lower negative impact on the environment. 3D-printed interference screws from poly-lactic acid, eco-friendly filament, by fused deposition modelling (FDM), were fabricated with different process parameters. The most popular technique for reconstructing the anterior cruciate ligament is interference screw fixation. This study considered the role of the AM sustainability paradigm in terms of material input for FDM and product manufacturing. This study considered the role of the AM sustainability paradigm in terms of material input for FDM and process efficiency by investigating the effect of the AM process parameters, such as printing temperature (PT), printing speed (PS), and infill percentage (IP) on the density and stripping torque (ST). Later, the degradation profile of the screw was analyzed using the weight loss of screws. The experimental design of the fully factorial design was with two levels for each process parameter. The significant process parameters and their interactions were through statistical analysis of the resulting design. Results have shown that PT, PS, and IP significantly influenced the density and ST of 3D-printed interference screws. In five weeks, 3D-printed interference screws started to lose weight.

Calming the Nerves via the Immune Instructive Physiochemical Properties of Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogels.

Current therapies for the devastating damage caused by traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are limited. This is in part due to poor drug efficacy to modulate neuroinflammation, angiogenesis and/or promoting neuroprotection and is the combined result of challenges in getting drugs across the blood brain barrier, in a targeted approach. The negative impact of the injured extracellular matrix (ECM) has been identified as a factor in restricting post-injury plasticity of residual neurons and is shown to reduce the functional integration of grafted cells. Therefore, new strategies are needed to manipulate the extracellular environment at the subacute phase to enhance brain regeneration. In this review, potential strategies are to be discussed for the treatment of TBI by using self-assembling peptide (SAP) hydrogels, fabricated via the rational design of supramolecular peptide scaffolds, as an artificial ECM which under the appropriate conditions yields a supramolecular hydrogel. Sequence selection of the peptides allows the tuning of these hydrogels' physical and biochemical properties such as charge, hydrophobicity, cell adhesiveness, stiffness, factor presentation, degradation profile and responsiveness to (external) stimuli. This review aims to facilitate the development of more intelligent biomaterials in the future to satisfy the parameters, requirements, and opportunities for the effective treatment of TBI.

Chitosan‐gelatin/hydroxyapatite‐based scaffold associated with mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into osteoblasts improves the surface of the bone lesion in mice C57BL/6J

AbstractExtensive injuries to bone tissue are still considered a significant clinical challenge; therefore, developing new bone tissue engineering (BTE) strategies is still necessary. This work aims to construct and characterize a chitosan‐gelatin/hydroxyapatite‐based (CG/H) scaffold to provide well‐design support for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) growth and differentiation to osteoblasts. First, the CG/H scaffolds are construct by freeze‐drying. Then, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, water uptake, and degradation profiles evaluate the material's surface. In addition, the CG/H morphological, biochemical, and MSC adhesion processes and growth behavior are also assess, indicating reasonable adhesion rates to the surface, low material cytotoxicity, and excellent alkaline phosphatase activity compared to control on the cellular framework. Based on these results, we obtain a highly biocompatible scaffold and that can support osteoblast differentiation. Finally, the in vivo studies demonstrate the CG/H scaffold with MSC adhere is capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, and the application of this scaffold is able to significantly enhance the closure of the bone lesion. Therefore, the CG/H scaffold has potential clinical application for bone regeneration.