Degradation Of MB Dye Research Articles

A novel CeO2/CuO-supported Fe3O4 sonocatalyst nanoparticle for highly efficient degradation of methylene blue dye

In this study, Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO nanocatalysts were successfully synthesized, characterized with advanced analysis techniques, and their catalytic performance on MB dye degradation was investigated with a series of experimental parameters. The characterizations of SEM, TEM, and XRD analyses were applied to reveal the physicochemical structure of the Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO hybrid sonocatalyst. TEM analyses showed that Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO hybrid sonocatalyst was found to be quite homogeneous and its average particle size was 2.9 nm. The crystallinity, surface and content analysis of the Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO hybrid catalyst was clarified by XRD, and SEM-EDS analyses. GC-MS analysis was performed to detect the by-products constituted after the dye degradation using Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO hybrid catalyst. The degradation experimental results revealed that hydroxyl radicals (•OH) produced were proved to be effective species in the degradation process due to the presence of Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO hybrid catalyst. The MB degradation reached 93 % in 120 min under common conditions of 4.5 pH, 2 mM H2O2 concentration, 1.0 mg/L catalyst concentration, and 20 mg.L-1 dye concentration. To test the effectiveness of the Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO hybrid catalyst, many trials with, without a catalyst and using different scavengers were carried out. The scavenger experiment results revealed that the hydroxyl radicals play a prominent role degradation of MB under ultrasonic conditions with Fe3O4/CeO2/CuO catalyst. As a result, our findings showed that Fe3O4-CeO2/CuO hybrid catalyst has great potential for treating MB in wastewater.

Magneto-chemical properties of Ti-doped Co3O4 nanosheets for photocatalytic activity applications

The 2D nanosheets of Ti-doped Co3O4 were prepared by hydrothermal technique to understand their dimensional effectiveness for the application of photocatalytic dye degradation. These nanosheets were well characterized for crystal structure, morphology, and composition. The energy band gap for 3% Ti-doped Co3O4 nanosheets was reduced. The 3% Ti-doped Co3O4 shows a reduction in crystallite size, band gap, and an enhancement in saturation magnetization, photosensitivity, and defects. The photocatalytic activity of Ti-doped Co3O4 nanosheets is higher than Co3O4. The small amount of Ti improves the structural, optical, and magnetic properties and photocatalytic action of the as-prepared samples. After successful doping of Ti into Co3O4 lattice the saturated magnetization of Co3O4 was enhanced. The sample 3% Ti-doped Co3O4 nanosheet shows high photosensitivity. The effect of photosensitivity on the photocatalytic activity was scrutinized by I-V characteristics. After being exposed to sunlight 3% Ti-doped Co3O4 nanosheet showed an electrical resistance ∼ 129 kΩ. Also, the effect of oxidizing reagents (H2O2) and reducing reagents (scavengers) was studied in detail. The photocatalytic efficiency enhances up to 97.29% under sunlight irradiation within 20 min only. The effect of magnetism on enhancement of efficiency for MB dye degradation was discussed in detail. The charge transfer, reducing charge carrier recombination, and increasing the utilization of light energy in catalytic processes were presented in this report at length.

Highly ordered structure and susceptibility to light absorption of ZnO/calcium phosphate (5%) to enhance the stability of charge diffusion as a methylene blue bond breaker

The composite Zinc oxide/calcium phosphate was successfully prepared using the sol–gel method. The structural and optical properties are observed by using x-ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Infra-Red, respectively. The degradation of MB dye is analyzed by using Ultraviolet-Visible spectrometer. The maximum MB degradation is achieved 92.61 2.7% and shows the linear correlation to a high optical longitudinal position and enlarged d spacing. Superior photocatalytic activity is demonstrated by ZnO/CP_240 which has a consistent band gap due to its highly ordered structure and susceptibility to light absorption ability, thus triggering better charge diffusion stability. The empirical findings suggest that the introduction of CP at the atomic level into the crystal lattice of ZnO buffer generates a surplus of oxygen vacancies, thereby diminishing the strength of the MB bonding. This, in turn, facilitates the activation of lattice oxygen.

Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic activities of green sol-gel ZnO nanoparticles using Abelmoschus esculentus and Salvia officinalis: A comparative study versus co-precipitation-synthesized nanoparticles

BackgroundThe development of green chemistry methods involving plant-based nanoparticle synthesis presents an affordable and eco-friendly approach for wastewater treatment and color removal. This study aimed to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles using the sol-gel method with Salvia officinalis and Abelmoschus esculentus plants, examining their photocatalytic efficiency for organic dye removal. MethodsTo compare the properties of ZnO nanoparticles, another type of ZnO-NPs was synthesized using the co-precipitation method. The characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was performed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta potential (ZP), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. ResultsBased on XRD results, the average crystalline size of nanoparticles was calculated using the Debye-Scherer equation for synthesized nanoparticles using the S. officinalis at 22.99 nm and for the A. esculentus at 29.79 nm, and for the co-precipitation method at 18.83 nm. The FE-SEM images showed spherical ZnO nanoparticles. Photocatalytic properties of ZnO-NPs were investigated for remove of methylene blue organic dye in the presence of UV light. The pH 10 was identified as the best pH, which had the highest percentage of color degradation. All three types of nanoparticles were tested by up to 360 min to optimize the dyeing time. For A. esculentus, the highest percentage of color removal occurred in the first 90 min (41.0 %), for S. officinalis nanoparticles between 75 and 90 min (86.9 %), and for chemically synthesized nanoparticles between 30 and 45 min (100 %). ConclusionsIn conclusion, the best MB dye degradation capacity belonged to co-precipitation ZnO nanoparticles followed by S. officinalis and A. esculentus nanoparticles.

Facile hydrothermal synthesis of Cu-doped MoS2 nanomaterial: a potential photocatalyst for degradation of MB dye

Facile hydrothermal synthesis of Cu-doped MoS2 nanomaterial: a potential photocatalyst for degradation of MB dye

ZnO/Ag2O/g-C3N4 composite heterostructures with Ag0-induced superior visible light photocatalytic activity via unique bi-phasic dye-degradation phenomena

ZnO-nanostructures, having low in-vivo toxicity and bio-degradability, need appropriate architectures, aiding maximal photon absorption and minimal charge recombination, for endorsing efficient photocatalysis. Accordingly, ZnO-nanorods are impregnated with Ag2O-nanoparticles and embedded on g-C3N4-nanosheets (ZAO/GCN), the photocatalytic performance of which is primarily attributable to augmented optical absorption via narrow band gap, fast propagation of photo-electrons with reduced recombination, inducted by the synergistic interactions between ZnO/Ag2O/g-C3N4, and the improved specific surface area and pore-volume of g-C3N4 sheets providing efficient adsorption of the dye-molecules. Subsequently, metallic Ag0 formation helps scavenge the valence electrons of Ag2O nanoparticles, thus encouraging e–/h+ detachment and faster dye-degradation. Eventually, photo dye-degradation starts by forming g-C3N4/ZnO/Ag2O double-junction and accelerates by g-C3N4/ZnO/Ag0/Ag2O triple-junction via inducting the unique bi-phasic two-slope photocatalysis phenomena. During photocatalysis, h+ acts as the predominant reactive species, O2•–, e–, and OH• being substantially less relevant. On increasing g-C3N4 loading, dye-degradation improves with corresponding faster crossover time (tC) via the enhanced contribution of trapped conduction band electrons (etr−) of g-C3N4 generating surplus Ag0. The optimized ZAO/GCN1.0 photocatalyst demonstrates the visible-light MB dye-degradation efficiency of ∼94.5% with a rate-constant (∼0.0933 min−1) ∼10 times superior to ZnO, which, including the robust design and recyclability, could pave the way for advanced water disinfection.

Facile synthesis of Ag2CO3/Ag2O@NiFe LDH nanohetrostructure with enhanced photocatalytic performance for MB dye degradation under visible light irradiation

The photocatalyst Ag2CO3/Ag2O@NiFe LDH nanocomposite was synthesized successfully by a facile co-precipitation method followed by hydrothermal treatment. The as-prepared photocatalyst demonstrated excellent physicochemical and optical properties using various characterization techniques. It was found that the photodegradation performance of NiFe LDH for MB dye removal can be significantly improved by appropriate Ag incorporation. The optimal composite which had a 0.75 Ag molar ratio demonstrated superior degradation performance for MB dye reaching 99.5%. The degradation efficiency was three times higher compared to pure NiFe LDH. Additionally, the apparent rate constant (0.028 min−1) was approximately 28 times greater than that of the pure LDH (0.001 min−1). After 5 successive cycles, the composite exhibited 73% degradation efficiency reflecting its high photostability throughout the regeneration process. The synthesized photocatalyst exhibited exceptional properties, indicating its promising potential for industrial applications in the treatment of dye wastewater.

Hydrothermally constructed and visible-light activated efficient NiO/ZnO/g-C3N4 ternary nanocomposites for methylene blue dye degradation and antibacterial applications

NiO-based binary and ternary nanocomposites were prepared using a hydrothermal method. The properties of the samples were explored comprehensively using various characterization techniques. The XRD, TEM, HRTEM and XPS results confirmed the composites formation. The synthesized samples were exploited for visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of MB dye. The NiO/ZnO/g-C3N4 shows superior photocatalytic activity than pristine NiO and other binary compounds. The bactericidal activity was analyzed against various bacteria. From the results, it is exposed that the bactericidal activity of NiO was enhanced by the addition of ZnO and, g-C3N4. The NiO/ZnO/g-C3N4 nanocomposites showed enhanced antibacterial properties with ZOI of 27 mm against S. aureus and with ZOI of 25 mm and 24 mm against E. faecalis and E. coli., respectively. Based on the existing results, NiO/ZnO/g-C3N4 nanocomposites could be used for the dye degradation process and antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria.

Stirring effect of CuS deposition over cotton thread for photocatalysis and electrical application

In the present work CuS coated cotton thread was synthesized by co-precipitation method with (WS) and without stirring effect (WOS). XRD and FESEM were used to analyze the structural morphology of CuS over thread. The crystallite size for WS and WOS were 25.1 nm and 22.1 nm. The band calculated were 1.48 and 1.60 eV for WS and WOS. The XPS analysis confirm the presence of Cu+, Cu2+, Cu° charge state. MB organic dye was tested for degradation and reported degradation up to 94% of 50 ml MB dye in 20 min with using low catalytic weight 0.4 gm. IV measurement was also taken to study the electronic properties of coated threads. The high current under light presence and high degradation of MB dye through WOS thread is discussed in this work.

Superior photocatalytic degradation of MB dye using BiVO4 nanoparticles under solar light irradiation

An inexpensive and straightforward co-precipitation technique was employed to produce BiVO4, utilizing Bi(NO3)3 5H2O and NH4VO3 as precursors. Comprehensive analysis of the crystal structure, morphology, and optical properties was conducted via XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, and UV-DRS methods. The XRD results confirmed the crystalline nature of the catalyst, with a prominent peak at 28.7 degrees. The average crystal size was determined to be 34.8 nm. UV-DRS analysis revealed an absorption peak in the range of 280–400 nm and a bandgap energy of 2.7 eV. The photocatalytic activity of the catalyst was found to be highest in a pH∼11 solution of 20 ppm MB dye, with a catalyst dosage of 20 mg over a duration of 80 min.

Novel cobalt oxide-copper hexacyanoferrate (Co3O4-CuHCF) composite for efficient and stable solar-light driven photocatalysis

Rapid industrial development has led to a significant increase in the discharge of industrial wastewater containing organic dyes into natural water bodies, causing great environmental concerns. Photocatalysis, specifically utilizing Metal Hexacyanoferrates (MHCFs), shows great potential for solar-driven dye degradation. Combining MHCFs with metal oxide, such as Copper Hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) with Cobalt Oxide (Co3O4) is current focus for boosting dye degradation efficiency. The Co3O4-CuHCF composite has demonstrated significantly improved photocatalytic behavior 97% MB dye degradation in just 90 min. The interconnection between CuHCF nanoparticles and Co3O4 sheets promotes the transfer of photogenerated electrons, which leads to improved charge separation and, consequently, enhanced photocatalytic efficiency. Furthermore, the Co3O4-CuHCF photocatalyst retains its efficiency for up to six cycles, indicating its potential as a stable solution for treating polluted water resources.

Biogenic Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles from Leaf and Latex Extract of Calotropis gigantea for Sunlight Mediated Photocatalytic Degradation of MB Dye

Biogenic Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles from Leaf and Latex Extract of Calotropis gigantea for Sunlight Mediated Photocatalytic Degradation of MB Dye

Optical, photo catalytic, electrochemical and antibacterial performance of ZnO and Co doped ZnO nanoparticles

The present work designates the preparation of pure ZnO and Cobalt doped ZnO nanoparticle with the general formula Zn1-xCoxO (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05) by wet Chemical Co-precipitation technique. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM with EDAX, UV-DRS and Photoluminescence spectroscopy. XRD outcomes confirmed that these nanoparticles exhibited hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO lacking any secondary phase. The crystallite size of the formed products was calculated by Scherrer’s formula. The calculated average crystallite size decreased from 10 to 28 nm (x = 0.00 to 0.05). Through SEM analysis the shape and morphology of the sample was determined, which showed wurtzite structures with irregular dimensions. UV–Vis DRS spectral studies indicated a decrease in the band gap with an increase in doping concentration. Photoluminescence studies exhibited a green emission peak at 521 nm. Additionally, photodegradation of these nanoparticles was evaluated through degradation of MB dye. Synthesized nanoparticles illustrates appreciable electrochemical performance, pH shows nearest to Nernst value, MCPE is adsorption controlled and LOD of PA is very low compared to another modified electrode. Pure ZnO and Co-ZnO were examined against gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis and gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria and it was found that the anti-bacterial activity improved with Cobalt doping compared to the pure ZnO nanoparticles.

Solid combustion synthesis of MnO2/NiO/Ag nanocomposites for efficient degradation of methylene blue and their antibacterial activity

This study was undertaken to design simple, eco-friendly, and easy recoverable MnO2/NiO/Ag (MnCs) nanocomposites, which were synthesized by solid combustion method. Various techniques were utilized to analyze the morphology, composition, functional groups, and optical properties of both MnO2 and its MnCs composites. SEM and TEM images confirmed the surface morphology and particle distribution. The bandgap energies of MnO2, MnCs-1 and MnCs-2 were determined through Kubelka-Munk equation as 1.8, 1.77 and 1.75 eV, respectively. The binding energies obtained from the XPS spectra were 642.89 and 654.04 eV confirming the presence of Mn2p3/2 and Mn2p1/2. The photocatalytic activity of MnO2, MnCs-1, and MnCs-2 was investigated for the degradation of MB dye, revealing that approximately 43.24 %, 75.50 %, and 91.25 % of MB was degraded under UV-light after 120 min. Furthermore, the MnO2/NiO/Ag nanocomposites exhibited a zone of inhibition against pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Synergistic photocatalytic performance through Z-Scheme charge transfer in organic dye degradation using α-MnO2 nanorods and Co3O4 nanoparticles combined with eggshell derived hydroxyapatite

HAp-α-MnO2-Co3O4 nanocomposite was prepared by the wet impregnation technique. Various analytical techniques were used to study the structural, morphology and photophysical characteristics. In the present study, the degradation of MB dye under the visible light irradiation in existence of HAp-α-MnO2-Co3O4 nanocomposite has been examined and the detailed mechanism for the photocatalytic degradation was discussed. The improved photocatalytic degradation activity over the HAp-α-MnO2-Co3O4 nanocomposite can be ascribed to the efficient high generation and low recombination rate of charge carriers under the UV-Visible light. Also, the key features for HAp-α-MnO2-Co3O4 nanocomposite including enhancement of light absorbance, recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers have also been found for the nanocomposites. Based on photocatalytic degradation, it was found that the HAp-α-MnO2-Co3O4 nanocomposite has the highest photocatalytic activity among all freshly prepared samples. In particular, the MB dye was almost completely degraded (95.5 %) by exposure to UV–visible light in 60 min of irradiation, the observed degradation result was relatively higher than that of pristine HAp, α-MnO2 and Co3O4, respectively. HAp-α-MnO2-Co3O4 nanocomposite efficiently degraded 94.42 % colorless phenol, demonstrating its dual ability to break down hazardous dyes and organic compounds under the same conditions. In addition, the HAp-α-MnO2-Co3O4 nanocomposite has a good recyclability of 90.25 % after five successive cycles. These observed results show that the HAp-α-MnO2-Co3O4 nanocomposite is an environmentally friendly material for environmental remediation.

Controllable synthesis of Ce-doped ZnO: TiO2 nanospheres for photocatalytic degradation of MB dye and levofloxacin under sunlight light irradiation

Wastewater from the textiles and pharmaceutical industries contains harmful inorganic and organic pollutants, which is not only harmful for aquatic life but also mutagenic to human. To minimize these problems, photocatalytic degradation is the one of the most promising remediation method. In the present work Ce doped ZnO:TiO2 nanocomposite powder samples, taking concentration as 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 at% coded as CZT1, CZT2, CZT3 and CZT4, respectively were synthesized. As prepared powder samples were characterized by various techniques including XRD, FE-SEM, UV–Vis Spectrophotometer and Photoluminescence. The X-ray diffraction pattern examined, all samples contains polycrystalline nature and their crystallite size was, from 5.06 nm to 2.3 nm as the doping concentration of Ce was increased. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) demonstrates the surface morphology of powder samples and determined the nanosphere like morphology. The bandgap of the samples varying from 3.36 eV to 2.62 eV, whereas the photoluminescence spectra (PL) of the sample show the visible emission at 475 nm. The CZT nanocomposite powder samples were characterized for the photocatalytic degradation of the Levofloxacin and MB dye. The degradation efficiency of the samples for was obtained for MB and levofloxacin i.e. 98% and 97.5% respectively.

Synthesis and characterization of nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped TiO2 nanoparticle anchored graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets: Photocatalytic application on dye removal

In this study, nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped titanium dioxide (NP-TiO2) nanoparticles are anchored onto graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (GCN) by the simple sonochemical method. The synthesized NP-TiO2/GCN nanocomposites are characterized by UV–Visible absorbance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Photoluminescence spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy and Transmission electron microscopy. We find that the co-doping of nitrogen and phosphor to TiO2 nanoparticles of size (10–25) nm as well as simultaneous anchoring onto GCN nanosheets. The optimised 2.5 wt% GCN in NP-TiO2/GCN showed complete degradation of MB dye and MO dye at 105 min and 60 min respectively. The photocatalytic degradation performance is 5 times superior to that of individual NP-TiO2 and GCN under visible light. The degradation rate constants of NP-TiO2/GCN is found to be 0.01491 min−1 for MB dye and 0.02153 min−1 for MO dye. The improved photocatalytic performance of NP-TiO2/GCN nanocomposite is due to the synergistic effects of both NP-TiO2 and GCN, which decrease the bandgap as well as charge recombination.

Zeolite-supported g-C3N4/ZnO/CeO2 nanocomposite: Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity study for methylene blue dye degradation

A ternary system g-C3N4/ZnO/CeO2 and its novel zeolite-supported nanocomposite were prepared and characterized using XRD, UV–Vis DRS, SEM, and PL instruments. The photodegradation efficiency of the zeolite-supported g-C3N4/ZnO/CeO2 nanocomposite for MBdye and textile processing effluent was investigated and found to be 95.2% and 72.77%, respectively. Using a zeolite-supported (STZ) composite, the influence of working parameters such as pH, initialdye amount, and catalyst dose on MBdye photodegradation was investigated. The photodegradation efficiencies of the bare ternary system and its zeolite-supported counterpart were determined to be 81.74 and 95.89%, respectively, under optimal operating circumstances. The action of several scavengers revealed that the principal active species that participated in the degradation of MB dye were •O2– and •OH. After five consecutive runs, the reusability of the supported photocatalyst was examined, and only approximately a 5% decrease was noted. For the entire as-prepared nanocomposite, the photodegradation of MB dye follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. When compared to the unitary, binary, and ternary as-synthesized nanocomposites, zeolite-supported g-C3N4/ZnO/CeO2 demonstrated a superior degradation efficiency and hence has potential applications in the photodegradation of harmful organic contaminants.

Methacrylic Acid-Acrylamide based ZnO Hydrogel Nanocomposite Assisted Photocatalytic Decolorization of Methylene Blue Dye

In this research, preparation of methacrylic acid-acrylamide based ZnO hydrogel nanocomposite (MAA-AM)/ZnO hydrogel nanocomposite by way of co-polymerization via used acrylate acid (AA) (or acrylate salt) (AA) or methacrylic acid (MAA)) and acrylamide (AM). Nanocomposites based on acrylate are characterized via being hydrophilic and able to retain water. Nanocomposite properties were studied using different techniques (FE-SEM, TEM, and EDX). The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue MB dye under different conditions was studied using nanocomposite like time of irradiation, mass of catalyst (MAA- AM)/ZnO hydrogel nanocomposite, initial MB dye concentration onto photocatalytic degradation and reactivation were studied. The result increases the photocatalytic degradation with the rise weight of catalyst (MAA- AM)/ZnO hydrogel nanocomposite range (0.1–0.25 g). Too, a decrease in photocatalytic degradation was observed with an increase in MB. Observed that after reuse, ((MAA- AM)/ZnO) nanocomposite hydrogel appear photocatalytic efficiency from of the use 1 to 6 cycle 87.88 to 58.87%, showing that ((MAA- AM)/ZnO hydrogel nanocomposite surface appear good stability.

G-C3N4-Co3O4 Z-Scheme Junction with Green-Synthesized ZnO Photocatalyst for Efficient Degradation of Methylene Blue in Aqueous Solution.

A simple wet chemical ultrasonic-assisted synthesis method was employed to prepare visible light-driven g-C3N4-ZnO-Co3O4 (GZC) heterojunction photocatalysts. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electromicroscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), ultraviolet (UV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are used to characterize the prepared catalysts. XRD confirms the homogenous phase formation of g-C3N4, ZnO, and Co3O4, and the heterogeneous phase for the composites. The synthesized ZnO and Co3O4 by using cellulose as a template show a rod-like morphology. The specific surface area of the catalytic samples increases due to the cellulose template. The measurements of the energy band gap of a g-C3N4-ZnO-Co3O4 composite showed red-shifted optical absorption to the visible range. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity decreases due to the formation of heterojunction. The PL quenching and EIS result shows that the reduction of the recombination rate and interfacial resistance result in charge carrier kinetic improvement in the catalyst. The photocatalytic performance in the degradation of MB dye of the GZC-3 composite was about 8.2-, 3.3-, and 2.5-fold more than that of the g-C3N4, g-C3N4-ZnO, and g-C3N4-Co3O4 samples. The Mott-Schottky plots of the flat band edge position of g-C3N4, ZnO, Co3O4, and Z-scheme g-C3N4-ZnO-Co3O4 photocatalysts may be created. Based on the stability experiment, GZC-3 shows greater photocatalytic activity after four recycling cycles. As a result, the GZC composite is environmentally friendly and efficient photocatalyst and has the potential to consider in the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater.