Degradation Of Effluent Research Articles

Construction of SnO2/g-C3N4 an effective nanocomposite for photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin and pharmaceutical effluent

The current study mainly focused on the fabrication of 2D graphitic carbon nitride-supported tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2/g-C3N4) for the effective degradation of Amoxicillin (AMX). Tin oxide (SnO2) NPs were prepared by green and easy modification technique, and then it is decorated over g-C3N4 nanosheets. The structural morphology and surface composition of the synthesized SnO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite were fully analysed by UV–Vis, XRD, XPS, and HR-SEM with EDAX, FT-IR, and BET analysis. The (HR-TEM) microscopy, the size of SnO2 NPs which as a diameter is about 6.2 nm. The Raman analysis revealed that the SnO2/g-C3N4 composite had a moderate graphitic structure, with a measured ID/Ig value of 0.79. The degradation efficiency of antibiotic pollutant AMX and pharma effluent treatment was monitored by UV spectroscopy. The optical band gap of SnO2 (2.9 eV) and g-C3N4 (2.8 eV) photocatalyst was measured by Tauc plots. To investigate the mechanism through the photodegradation efficiency of the catalyst was analysed by using different Scavenger EDTA-2Na holes (h+) has a greater contribution towards the degradation process. Under visible irradiation, SnO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite has exhibited an excellent degradation performance of 92.1% against AMX and 90.8% for pharmaceutical effluent in 80 min.

Ceria nanoparticles anchored on graphitic oxide sheets (CeO2-GOS) as an efficient catalyst for degradation of dyes and textile effluents

Herein, we report a Ceria-graphitic oxide sheets (CeO2-GOS) nanocomposites photo catalyst synthesized by simple and green methods for the degradation of textile effluents and dyes. In the first step, green treated CeO2 NPs were synthesized through a simple organic reduction method. Further, green synthesized CeO2 NPs were anchored with GOS to produce CeO2-GOS nanocomposites by a sol-gel method. The phase morphology and structure of CeO2-GOS nanocomposites was systematically characterized through X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Under visible light irradiation, the CeO2-GOS nanocomposites photo catalyst exhibited 83%, 78%, and 70% degradation efficiencies for rhodamine B, methylene blue, and textile effluent, respectively. Due to the synergistic impact of GO, it act as an elastic conductive channel permitting improved charge transport, the fabricated CeO2-GOS nanocomposites showed a significant retort to photo catalysis of rhodamine B, methylene blue, and textile effluent. CeO2-GOS nanocomposites may yield unique insight into the synthesis of green nanocomposites and their application in environmental remediation due to their better photo catalytic activity.

Sol-gel assisted Ag doped NiAl2O4 nanomaterials and their nanocomposites with g-C3N4 nanosheets for the removal of organic effluents

Sol–gel approach was employed for synthesis of nickel aluminate (NiAl2O4, NA), and silver doped nickel aluminate (Ag-NiAl2O4, AgNA) nanomaterials. The ultra-sonication approach was employed to synthesize their composite with graphitic carbon nitride (Ag-NiAl2O4@g-C3N4, AgNA@gCN) for degradation of organic effluents such as methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV), and benzoic acid (BA) photocatalytically. The synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by various techniques like X-rays diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and UV–visible spectroscopy. XRD confirmed the formation of doped and un-doped NiAl2O4. The crystallite size of as-prepared nanomaterials was found out less than 13 nm. FT-IR technique was used for functional groups detection present in synthesized photocatalysts. The surface morphology of fabricated nanomaterials was investigated via SEM. The thermal stability of prepared samples was investigated via TGA. Optical analysis was carried out by UV-Visible spectrophotometer. NA and AgNA exhibited the bandgap energy of 3.50 eV, and 2.88 eV respectively. The photocatalytic efficiency of fabricated samples was analyzed under solar light. AgNA@gCN exhibited 85.26% degradation of MB, 83.87% of CV, and 68.46% of BA under sunlight. The overall removal (%adsorption + % degradation) of MB, CV, and BA by AgNA@gCN were 99.67%, 98.54%, and 76.91% respectively. The scavenging experiment was also performed to find out the most photoactive species involve in the degradation of organic effluent photocatalytically. Hydroxyl radicals are the mainly photoactive species responsible for the photocatalytic experiment.

Highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of hazardous industrial and pharmaceutical pollutants using gadolinium doped BiFeO3 nanoparticles

This investigation highlights the synthesis of an efficient photocatalyst, 10% gadolinium (Gd) doped BiFeO3 (BGFO) nanoparticles, via a facile hydrothermal technique at a lower reaction temperature of 160 ∘C and its effective application towards the degradation of industrial effluents, such as rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB) and pharmaceutical pollutants such as ciprofloxacin (CIP), levofloxacin (LFX) under solar irradiation. The successful fabrication of the photocatalyst was confirmed by the Rietveld refined powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The high resolution transmission electron microscope imaging demonstrated the formation of nanoparticles with excellent morphology and very good crystallinity. The optical characterizations revealed a reduction in the optical band gap from 1.95 to 1.18 eV, as well as effective suppression of electron-hole pair recombination in the BGFO sample. Notably, the photocatalyst BGFO demonstrated 96% and 97% degradation of RhB and MB within 240 and 180 min of solar irradiation, respectively. Moreover, the photodegradation of colorless organic contaminants CIP and LFX was also examined to evaluate the photosensitization properties. Interestingly, about 80% and 79% degradation of CIP and LFX was obtained within 240 min of solar irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic activities of BGFO could be attributed to the excellent morphology, good crystallinity, increased optical absorption, and effective separation of the photogenerated charge carriers. Additionally, based on the band structures, a plausible mechanism was proposed to comprehend the rationale behind the influential photocatalytic performance of the synthesized nanoparticles to explore their potential towards the future of wastewater treatment on an industrial scale.

Effluent degradation capability of polygonal MnCo2O4 spinel fabricated using guava leaf extract as green fuel

This work reports green synthesis of heterometalic MnCo2O4 nano-cobaltite using Psidium guajava leaf extract as chelating agent as well as reducing agent. An eco-friendly pathway is adopted for microstructural, optical and effluent degradation properties of the synthesized nano-polygonal material. Microstructural and optical characterization of the prepared material was done using X-Ray Diffractometer, FESEM and UV–Vis spectroscopy. XRD pattern confirms successful formation of the phase pure sample and Rietveld analysis of the XRD gives different microstructural parameters (lattice parameter, crystallite size and microstrain). FESEM micrograph shows polygonal morphology of the nano-particles and UV–Vis spectra analysis confirms its band gap value within the semiconducting range. To examine the photocatalytic degradation capability of the prepared bio-sample, fabricated nano-material is used as catalyst for degradation of model organic pollutant Rhodamine B. Fabricated MnCo2O4 bio-sample shows excellent catalytic efficiency of ∼ 85.83% for solution of Rhodamine B pollutant in 140 min under visible light irradiation. This non-toxic, eco-friendly green approach to fabricating MnCo2O4 has potential application and effectiveness as suitable catalyst in organic effluent degradation released from textile industries.

Synthesis of sponge like Gd3+ doped vanadium oxide/2D MXene composites for improved degradation of industrial effluents and pathogens

Current report is based on the synthesis of Gd +3 doped V 2 O 5 nanostructures (GVO) along with fabrication of GVO/MXene binary nanocomposite. As synthesized GVO and GVO/MXene were characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction), FESEM (Field emission scanning electron microscopy), EDX (Energy dispersive X-ray), BET (Brunauer Emmett Teller technique) and UV–Visible spectroscopy. Diffraction and elemental analysis confirmed the substitution of Gd +3 ions in VO layers. Orthorhombic phase of VO was observed in both GVO and GVO/MXene samples with crystallite size range of 17.02–17.51 nm. FESEM analysis indicated asymmetrical VO particles and sheets distributed on MXene layers, giving out a sponge like appearance. Surface area of GVO and GVO/MXene was enhanced to 20.46 and 23.69 nm, respectively. Effect of Gd +3 contents was significant on optical properties, which reduced the band gap energy of VO to 2.33 eV. The photocatalytic performance of prepared samples was analysed by the degradation of Methylene blue (MB) under direct sunlight. Gd +3 ion doping was found useful to enhance degradation of MB up to ∼71%. Among all samples, GVO/MXene showed maximum degradation (∼92%) within 120 min. Meanwhile, GVO/MXene showed good recyclability for successive five cycles. In addition, GVO and GVO/MXene were effective antibacterial agents against Gram positive (S. aureus) and Gram negative (P. vulgaris) strains of bacteria. The results suggested that the GVO and GVO/MXene could serve as potential candidates for large scale treatment of organic pollutants and pathogens.

Population dynamics of microbial native consortia efficient for textile wastewater degradation

A comprehensive study on the degradation of pure textile effluent by two native bacterial consortia was conducted. Consortia composition, structure and dynamics towards effluent biodegradation and toxicity analyses were conducted.

Heterostructural TiO2/Ti3C2 MXene aerogel composite for photocatalytic degradation of palm oil mill effluent

A TiO2/Ti3C2 MXene aerogel composite was synthesised for photocatalytic degradation of palm oil mill effluent.

Development and Application of Graphene Oxide Supported Ceo2/In2o3 Heterojunction Nanocomposite for Efficient Degradation of Industrial Effluents and Voltammetric Detection of Sulfamaxole Drug

Development and Application of Graphene Oxide Supported Ceo2/In2o3 Heterojunction Nanocomposite for Efficient Degradation of Industrial Effluents and Voltammetric Detection of Sulfamaxole Drug

Sonocatalytic degradation of direct blue dye using semiconductor nanocatalyst

The toxic pollutants present in water should be treated by advanced oxidation processes (AOP). This investigation deals with study of sonocatalytic degradation of the prepared zinc oxide nanorods (ZnONR) under ultrasonic (US) irradiation for the degradation of Direct blue (DB71) dye molecule. ZnONR has been prepared by sol-gel method using zinc acetate and ammonia. The prepared ZnONR have been characterized using FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, EDAX, AFM and BET techniques and found that the prepared catalyst is highly crystalline with hexagonal structured nano rods with Wurtzite crystal phase. In-situ generation of the OH. radicals has been analyzed by EPR technique. Preliminary experiments are conducted such as effects of pH, catalyst loading, dye concentration and effect of energy input to optimize suitable experimental conditions. Kinetics of sonocatalytic degradation of dye molecules have also been carried out and the reaction followed pseudo first-order kinetics. The interference of electrolytes on the degradation of dye molecules has also been carried out. Degradation of the dye molecules are examined by UV-Visible absorption, COD and TOC measurements. The by-products formation of the degraded samples has been analyzed by ESI-MS+ technique. The reusability of the catalyst for its efficiency and the degradation of real dye house effluents have also been tested

Study of the oxidative degradation of industrial laundry effluent from jeans by chromatography

Textile industries activities can positively affect a city’s economy. However, those industries require a great deal of water and sheds high organic load into water bodies, causing a considerate environmental impact. As potential pollutant substances, the dye’s presence in textile effluents are recalcitrant and can change the chemical and physical properties. It also resists conventional treatments. The treatment based on advanced oxidation processes presents to be efficient on dye’s degradation, but it may generate secondary toxic compounds, therefore is necessary to use techniques to evaluate its toxicity after the treatment. This study evaluated a laundry effluent, both before and after the treatment using the photo - Fenton processes. Applying liquid chromatography, results have shown that the dye's degradation was higher than 90% and a COD decrease to 73%.

Ultrasound assisted reductive degradation of toxic textile dye effluents using Sn nanoparticles

In this paper, we report the structural, chemical, and reductive degradation properties of Sn nanoparticles for degradation of Ramazol brilliant blue (RBB) dye effluents. The ultrasound assisted degradation is achieved without use of any harsh reducing agent in dark ambience. Sn nanoparticles with size ∼15 nm were synthesized by chemical reduction method using NaBH4 (0.6 M) as reducing agent. The synthesized particles had tetragonal structure with orientation along (200), (101), (220), (211), (301), (112), (400), and (321) planes and do not have any additional impurity phases as determined using energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction technique and transmission electron microscopy. XPS analysis confirmed that majority of synthesized particles were in Sn2+ state with spin–orbit splitting at 8.3 eV with corresponding binding energy peaks at 485.8 eV (3d5/2) and 494.1 eV (3d3/2). A few particles were in Sn4+ state with spin orbit splitting at 8.5 eV and binding energy peaks at 487.1 eV (3d5/2) and 495.6 eV (3d3/2). The ultrasound assisted dye degradation efficiency of Sn nanoparticles reaches 85% within the initial 10 min of the water treatment process. The fast dye reduction is attributed to the rapid sono-chemical production of hydroxyl radicals and fast interaction between surface electrons of Sn and dye molecules. The Sn2+ ions lose two electrons during the reaction and switch to Sn4+ state leading to generation of hydroxyl radicals which is responsible for the decomposition of the dye molecules. The ultrasound assisted method follows the second order pseudo kinetics and degrades RBB dyes with an efficiency of 99% while the mechanical stirring method which obeys the first-order pseudo kinetics degrades the dye with an efficiency of 90%. The appropriate rate constant was 0.1414 min−1 for ultrasound assisted method and 0.0512 min−1 for mechanical stirring method. One of the advantages of the present technique is that it does not require any additional reducing agent to stimulate the reaction. The degradation efficiency (∼99%) is the highest for dye solution with neutral pH. The Sn nanoparticles were stable for four cycles and subsequently the efficiency reduces to 71% due to oxidation of the Sn nanoparticles. The XRD pattern of Sn particles after 4 cycles had peaks corresponding to (101), (211), and (112) planes of SnO2 and XPS spectrum show enhanced peaks for Sn4+ for recycled samples indicates the possibility of oxidation of Sn when repeated over 4th cycle.

Ag-doped FeCo2O4 nanoparticles and their composite with flat 2D reduced graphene oxide sheets for photocatalytic degradation of colored and colorless compounds

The present study is based on the fabrication of nanoparticles of iron cobalt oxide (FeCo2O4, FCO), silver doped iron cobalt oxide (Ag-FeCo2O4, AgFCO) by auto-moisturization approach. The nanocomposite of silver doped iron cobalt oxide with reduced graphene oxide (Ag-FeCo2O4@rGO, AgFCO@rGO) was fabricated by ultra-sonication approach for the degradation of the organic effluents photocatalytically. The rGO possesses immense surface area, excellent stability, and greater ability for the transfer of electrons during photocatalysis. The physiochemical characteristics of fabricated materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic technique (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV – Visible spectroscopy. The results of XRD showed that the crystallite size of FCO, AgFCO, and AgFCO@rGO nanocomposite was 14 nm, 12 nm, and 10 nm respectively. The results of SEM revealed quasi spherical morphology of synthesized materials and rGO sheets could be easily observed in the SEM image of AgFCO@rGO. The degradation of rhodamine B and benzimidazole was performed under solar light. The photocatalysis experiment exhibited 86 % degradation of rhodamine B and 54.46 % degradation of benzimidazole by using AgFCO@rGO under the same conditions. The photoactive species like hydroxyl radicals, holes and electrons were found to be main participants during photo-degradation of pollutants. In contrast to bare iron cobalt oxide and silver doped iron cobalt oxide, AgFCO@rGO showed greater photocatalytic degradation activity. The increased activity of AgFCO@rGO was due to its small crystallite size and increased surface area. The recombining rate of electron/hole pair decreased as the surface area of nanocatalysts increased and hence photocatalytic efficiency increased. It is investigated that the AgFCO@rGO has potential implementations in the photo degradation of organic effluents.

Photocatalytic degradation kinetics of cationic and anionic dyes using Au–ZnO nanorods: Role of pH for selective and simultaneous degradation of binary dye mixtures

Photocatalysis with ecofriendly and low cost materials is attractive for degradation of organic pollutants without aid of strong reagents. In this regard, Au nanoparticle decorated ZnO nanorods (Au–ZnO) with good crystalline quality was synthesized by cost-effective and scalable hydrothermal method followed by photo-reduction of Au salt. This study addresses variation of photocatalytic degradation kinetics of different nature of dyes with various scavengers and pH conditions. Further, the process versatility is demonstrated by selective or simultaneous degradation of binary dye mixtures with optimized parameters. From Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model, dye concentration range for first order limiting case was determined, and further validated from measured surface area of photocatalyst and change in dye absorbance before irradiation. Better adsorption with faster degradation exhibited by Methylene Blue (MB) dye showed efficient mineralization, revealed from chemical oxygen demand measurements. In Au–ZnO photocatalysis, generation of hydroxyl radical and its significant role in dye degradation was demonstrated using different scavengers. Variation of dye adsorption with pH dependent surface charge characteristics of photocatalyst resulted about one order higher degradation rate constant of MB at high pH. Strong pH dependent MB degradation is shown to be useful for its selective or simultaneous degradation with other dyes. Results of this study are useful for designing photo-reactors and these nanoparticles are efficient for degradation of different dyes, their combinations and industrial effluents under low power UV lamp for treatment different organic pollutants.

Nanobiocatalysts and photocatalyst in dye degradation

Abstract In the modern era, the world today is in a mission for a new method of environmental bioremediation in faltering the damage, especially in polluted water. Recently, the global direction is regulated toward an alteration from the usual chemical-based methods to a supplementary ecofriendly green alternative. In this perspective, biocatalysts are appreciated as an economical and clean substitute which was meant to catalyze degradation of unmanageable chemicals in a rapid, green and ecologically stable manner. Among the various sources of water pollution, the textile manufacturing industries were thought to be a major dispute due to release of effluents in natural water bodies such as rivers. Other industries like paper, pulp and tannery pharmaceutical industries were also responsible in contaminating the water bodies. Photocatalysis was considered as an auspicious method for the removal of dyes from the natural bodies, specifically those with hard organic compounds; using enzymes. The present chapter briefly emphasizes on the effective methods used for degradation of dye effluents; their importance of photocatalytic and biocatalytic solution to the current environmental difficulties and future opportunities are discussed.

Sonocatalytic Tannery Effluent Degradation—Response Surface Methodology and Particle Swarm Optimization Embedded Artificial Neural Network Modeling Approach

AbstractExperimental studies are performed on the degradation of tannery effluent using an advanced oxidation process combined with sonication. A probe sonicator is used to enhance the advanced oxidation process in the presence of titanium di‐oxide (TiO2) catalyst. The effect of initial chemical oxygen demand (COD), ultrasound power intensity, probe diameter, and sonication time are studied. Box‐Behnken experimental design is used to study the effect of the process variables on percent COD reduction. 73.6% COD reduction is observed for the optimized condition of 825.71 mg L−1 initial COD of effluent, 542.58 W ultrasound power, 47.4 min of sonication time, and 18 mm probe diameter. The energy requirement calculated for the optimized condition is 2964.21 kWh m−3. The results of the response surface methodology (RSM) model are compared with a hybrid artificial neural network (ANN) model with particle swarm optimization (PSO). The ANN‐PSO model with a 4‐11‐1 architecture consisting of 15 swarm particles results in the coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.989 and the mean square error value of 3.88 thereby, predicting the experimental results better than the response surface methodology (RSM) model. An attempt to elucidate the mechanism of degradation by sonication is made by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Waste Using BiVO4 Based Catalysts.

Disposal of palm oil mill effluent (POME), which is highly polluting from the palm oil industry, needs to be handled properly to minimize the harmful impact on the surrounding environment. Photocatalytic technology is one of the advanced technologies that can be developed due to its low operating costs, as well as being sustainable, renewable, and environmentally friendly. This paper reports on the photocatalytic degradation of palm oil mill effluent (POME) using a BiVO4 photocatalyst under UV-visible light irradiation. BiVO4 photocatalysts were synthesized via sol-gel method and their physical and chemical properties were characterized using several characterization tools including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), surface area analysis using the BET method, Raman spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). The effect of calcination temperature on the properties and photocatalytic performance for POME degradation using BiVO4 photocatalyst was also studied. XRD characterization data show a phase transformation of BiVO4 from tetragonal to monoclinic phase at a temperature of 450 °C (BV-450). The defect site comprising of vanadium vacancy (Vv) was generated through calcination under air and maxima at the BV-450 sample and proposed as the origin of the highest reaction rate constant (k) of photocatalytic POME removal among various calcination temperature treatments with a k value of 1.04 × 10−3 min−1. These findings provide design guidelines to develop efficient BiVO4-based photocatalyst through defect engineering for potential scalable photocatalytic organic pollutant degradation.

G-C3N4/Ca2Fe2O5 heterostructures for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic effluents under sunlight

g-C3N4/Ca2Fe2O5 heterostructures were successfully prepared by incorporating g-C3N4 into Ca2Fe2O5 (CFO). As prepared g-C3N4/CFO heterostructures were initially utilized to photodegrade organic effluent Methylene blue (MB) for optimization of photodegradation performance. 50% g-C3N4 content in CFO composition showed an enhanced photodegradation efficiency (~ 96%) over g-C3N4 (48.15%) and CFO (81.9%) due to mitigation of recombination of photogenerated charge carriers by Type-II heterojunction. The optimized composition of heterostructure was further tested for degradation of Bisphenol-A (BPA) under direct sunlight, exhibiting enhanced photodegradation efficiency of about 63.1% over g-C3N4 (17%) and CFO (45.1%). The photoelectrochemical studies at various potentials with and without light illumination showed significant improvement in photocurrent response for g-C3N4/Ca2Fe2O5 heterostructures (~ 1.9 mA) over CFO (~ 67.4 μA). These studies revealed efficient solar energy harvesting ability of g-C3N4/Ca2Fe2O5 heterostructures to be utilized for organic effluent treatment.

Reductive photocatalytic degradation of toxic aniline blue dye using green synthesized banyan aerial root extract derived silver nanoparticles

Herein we are reporting the reductive degradation of aniline blue dye using banyan aerial root extract derived silver nanoparticles (B-AgNPs) as catalyst. We have synthesized B-AgNPs by green root method. The characterization of synthesized B-AgNPs was done using HR-TEM, UV–vis spectral, Total Organic Carbon, FT-IR and XRD techniques. The SPR band was obtained around 445 nm. Crystal structure of B-AgNPs was observed using XRD pattern. The stability of 25.6 nm sized B-AgNPs was found to be beyond four months. Finally, the synthesized B-AgNPs was applied as a photocatalytic degradation catalyst of aniline blue dye with NaBH 4 as a reducing agent. The catalytic activity was systematically monitored using UV–Visible spectrophotometry. The catalytic efficiency was calculated to be 91.76%. Moreover, the synthesized B-AgNPs were used as a catalyst for the efficient degradation of dye effluent in the dye industry. We have applied the synthesized B-AgNPs as a catalyst for the effective degradation of industrial dye wastewater. Moreover, we have proposed the possible degradation mechanism. • A facile synthesize of AgNPs using banyan aerial root extract by green method. • B-AgNPs was used as photocatalyst for the degradation of toxic aniline blue dye. • The degradation mechanism was well discussed. • B-AgNPs was applied for the degradation of aniline blue dye containing industrial effluent water.

Electro-Persulfate Processes for the Treatment of Complex Wastewater Matrices: Present and Future.

Complex wastewater matrices present a major environmental concern. Besides the biodegradable organics, they may contain a great variety of toxic chemicals, heavy metals, and other xenobiotics. The electrochemically activated persulfate process, an efficient way to generate sulfate radicals, has been widely applied to the degradation of such complex effluents with very good results. This review presents the fundamentals of the electro-persulfate processes, highlighting the advantages and limitations, followed by an exhaustive evaluation on the application of this process for the treatment of complex industrial effluents. An overview of the main relevant experimental parameters/details and their influence on the organic load removal is presented and discussed, having in mind the application of these technologies at an industrial scale. Finally, the future perspectives for the application of the electro-persulfate processes in the treatment of complex wastewater matrices is outlined.