Extreme Deformation Research Articles

Effect of Solitary Osteochondroma on Alignment and Length in the Lower Extremities.

There is a lack of information about the effects of untreated solitary osteochondroma (SO) on longitudinal growth of the lower extremities in children and adolescents. This study aimed to assess the coronal alignment and length of the lower extremity in patients with SO around the knee and to identify the factors related to the development of deformities. We retrospectively reviewed 111 patients diagnosed with SO around the knee. The patients were classified into 2 groups depending on the location of the SO: 51 in the distal femur and 60 in the proximal tibia. Characteristics of the lesions, such as type, location, size, and distance from the joint line, were determined. Radiographic analysis of the lower limbs included mechanical lateral distal femoral angle, mechanical medial proximal tibial angle, whole-leg length, femoral length, and tibial length. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 12.3±3.4 years. No statistically significant differences were found between the affected and contralateral sides for mechanical lateral distal femoral angle and mechanical medial proximal tibial angle in either the distal femur or the proximal tibia groups. In patients with femoral lesions, the femoral and whole-leg lengths were significantly shorter on the affected side than on the unaffected side ( P <0.001 and 0.002, respectively), and the mean differences were 2.1±3.6 and 2.1±4.4mm, respectively. Univariate logistic regression analysis did not reveal any factors associated with limb length discrepancy (LLD). In patients with tibial lesions, no statistically significant differences were found in LLD. SOs around the knee did not cause clinically significant deformity of the lower extremity. However, in contrast to proximal tibia lesions, SO in the distal femur was associated with the shortening of the affected limb. Consideration should be given to the development of LLD in skeletally immature children with SO in the distal femur. Level III-retrospective comparative study.

Термические напряжения в изоляции тяговых электродвигателей локомотивов

Thermomechanical processes and cyclic temperature changes in the structure of insulation of traction electric motors lead to thermal gradient appearance. Increased temperature widens the elements of winding, damages insulation material (thermal fatigue, extreme deformation, creeping, etc.). Methods for the numerical study of stress-strain state of the material of the insulation of traction electric motors of diesel locomotives on different stages of static and cyclic loading have been developed. It is determined, that the main factor defining the intensiveness of insulation aging is the impact of alternating cyclic thermo-mechanical stresses, but not thermomechanical destruction of impregnating composition. Analytical expressions for the evaluation of stress-strain state of insulation of traction motor diesel locomotives are received and they are distinguished by the fact that they require a relatively small amount of basic data and let conduct accurate calculations taking into account the peculiarities of the electric drive system. An approximate predictive model for the evaluation of interphase thermal stresses in the assembly of the materials of winding slots of the traction electric motor of a diesel locomotive is developed. The insulation material is considered as linear elastic when the deformation level is less than the yield strength. The joining components can be considered from the view point of structural analyses as elongated rectangular plates suffering from linear elastic strains. The analyses results can be used for evaluation of thermomechanical stresses in the impregnating materials of traction electric motors of diesel locomotives and their analogues.

Stature from Tibia Irrespective of Sex: A Cross-Sectional Study

Mutilated human remains are recovered many times and may be the only evidence of crime. Establishing the identity of the victim is of primary importance and stature assumes a prominent feature in the identification parameters. In view of this, we have taken up the present study to on Indigenous Manipuri Meitei subjects, both males and females, in the age group of 21-25 years. This is a cross-sectional study comparing the standing height of the participants with the percutaneous tibial length. The degree of correlation has been analysed and a regression formula has been estableshed irrespective of sex, i.e., which can be used on any specimen, whether male or female. Atotal of 75 males and 75 females were studied in Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, of a tertiary health care centre in north east India. Subjects with any obvious congenital or acquired deformity of spine or extremities was not included in the study. Aregression equation is established based on the tibial length of the individual, irrespective of sex has been derived as, Y= 81.90 +.85 X3 + 4.11. The equation so developed is tested by F-test and found to be very highly significant (P=&lt;.001). In other words, the developed equation is treated as best fit to the present data and henceforth it may be used to detect the stature of person too for any given value of his/her tibial length.

Effect of ECAP process on deformability, microstructure and conductivity of AA5083 under thermal effect

An alternate method of alloying is to use extreme plastic deformation on commercially available AA5083 to generate an ultrafinegrained microstructure. The objective of this approach is to improve mechanical characteristics without sacrificing corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Anisotropy in mechanical properties is introduced by plastic deformation leading to the production of a distinct texture. This is a crucial concept to understand in order to build and model structural devices and components from a perspective based approach. The ultrafine-grained structure of AA5083, which was obtained by equal channel angular pressing, is examined in this work. Ex-situ and indirect in-situ thermal studies are used to supplement this investigation while the material is heat treated at different annealing temperatures. The results show that the elastic properties undergo very small change during the annealing process, in contrast to other parameters as thermal expansion, internal friction, or hardness. The strong relationship between the elastic anisotropy and texture highlights the importance and possibilities of using texture into the design and customization of mechanical characteristics. Pure deforms plastically in order to improve mechanical qualities while maintaining biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. Analysis of the materials elastic inhomogeneity and crunchiness in detail. In comparison to other characteristics like as inner conflict thermal enlargement or hardness, the results demonstrate that elastic properties barely marginally change during annealing. The microstructure fragmentation had no influence on the conductivity of the AA5083, which oscillated at 18 MS/m after the ECAP procedure. According to the findings, all deformed specimens strain hardening exponent and capacity were lower than they were in their as-received state. Investigated was the effect of size of grains on the strain hardening comportment of the ECAPed AA5083.

ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ ПРОХОЖДЕНИЯ ТАЙФУНА ХИННАМНОР В ПРИМОРСКОМ КРАЕ В СЕНТЯБРЕ 2022 ГОДА

The features of precipitation and its spatial distribution over the territory of the Primorsky krai during the passage of Typhoon Hinnamnor (September 4-7, 2022), as well as the characteristics of the flood caused by the typhoon, are studied based on ground observational data and the ERA5-Land reanalysis. A list of the settlements affected by the flood and an assessment of the impact of the disaster on transport infrastructure are given. The relationship between the precipitation maxima and the movement of storm cells is shown. Deformations were recorded for 30% of the length of the Primorsky krai river channels as a result of the typhoon passage. The relationship among the changes in the channels, spatial characteristics of precipitation (including their intensity) and the slope of the catchment were determined. Areas of extreme channel deformations (including mudflows) and their magnitudes on rivers of different scales are described.

The Effect of Socioeconomic Deprivation on Radiographic Deformities in Children With Blount Disease.

Blount disease can occur at any time during the growth process, primarily with a bimodal distribution in children younger than 4 years old and adolescents. The disease process most commonly presents in Black adolescents, with disease severity positively correlated with obesity. Given the known associations among race, obesity, and socioeconomic status, we investigated the relationship between the degree of social deprivation and severity of lower extremity deformities among a community-based cohort with Blount disease. A retrospective review of hospital records and radiographs of patients with previously untreated Blount disease was conducted. Patients were classified as having early-onset or late-onset Blount disease based on whether the lower limb deformity was noted before or after the age of 4 years. The area deprivation index (ADI), a nationally validated measure that assesses socioeconomic deprivation by residential neighborhood, was calculated for each patient as a surrogate for socioeconomic status. Higher state (range: 1 to 10) or national (range: 1 to 100) ADI corresponds to increased social deprivation. Full-length standing radiographs from index clinic visits were evaluated by 2 reviewers to measure frontal plane deformity. The association of ADI with various demographic and radiographic parameters was then analyzed. Of the 65 patients with Blount disease, 48 (74%) children were Black and 17 (26%) were non-black children. Nineteen children (32 limbs) had early-onset and 46 children (62 limbs) had late-onset disease. Black patients had significantly higher mean state (7.6 vs. 5.4, P =0.009) and national (55.1 vs. 37.4, P =0.002) ADI values than non-black patients. Patients with severe socioeconomic deprivation had significantly greater mechanical axis deviation (66mm vs. 51mm, P =0.008). After controlling demographic and socioeconomic factors, the results of multivariate linear regression showed that only increased body mass index (β=0.19, 95% CI: 0.12-0.26, P <.001) and state ADI (β=0.021, 95% CI: 0.01-0.53, P =.043) were independently associated with greater varus deformity. Socioeconomic deprivation was strongly associated with increased severity of varus deformity in children with late-onset Blount disease. Our analysis suggests that obesity and socioeconomic factors are the most influential with regard to disease progression. Level III.

Study and Characterization of Solid State, Flexible, Wire-Shaped Supercapacitor for Textile Energy Storage Purpose

Flexible and lightweight energy storage devices have become increasingly important for the development of wearable and portable electronics. In this work, we present a novel wire-shape supercapacitor based on carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns and an ionic liquid based polymer electrolyte. The combination of these materials offers high surface area, high conductivity and excellent flexibility, making them a promising candidate for flexible energy storage.The CNT yarns were characterized in a three-electrode configuration by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) either in water-based electrolytes and polymer electrolytes. The polymer electrolytes were prepared by mixing polymers with ionic liquid, which was characterized by thermal analysis and electrochemical measurements.The wire-shape supercapacitor was assembled by coating two CNT yarns with the polymer electrolyte and twisting them together. The devices exhibited high specific capacitance for a waterless system, additionally, they maintained their performance even under extreme deformation: the flexibility of the devices were tested by bending at different angles .Overall, this work highlights the advantages of using CNT yarns and ionic liquid polymer electrolytes for the development of flexible and high-performance supercapacitors. The wire-shape design of the device offers additional advantages for integration into wearable or flexible electronics, providing a promising path towards the development of highly efficient and adaptable energy storage systems.

Liquid Metal Memory.

Storage systems are vital components of electronic devices, while significant challenges persist in achieving flexible memory due to the limitations of existing storage methodologies. Inspired by the polarization and depolarization mechanisms in the human brain, here a novel class of storage principles is proposed and achieve a fully flexible memory through introducing the oxidation and deoxidation behaviors of liquid metals. Specifically, reversible electrochemical oxidation is utilized to modulate the overall conductivity of the target liquid metals, creating a substantial 11-order resistance difference for binary data storage. To obtain the best storage performance, systematic optimizations of multiple parameters are conducted. Conceptual experiments demonstrate the memory's stability under extreme deformations (100% stretching, 180° bending, 360° twisting). Further tests reveal that the memory performs better when its unit size gets smaller, warranting superior integrability. Finally, a complete storage system achieves remarkable performance metrics, including rapid storage speed (>33Hz), long data retention capacity (>43200s), and stable repeatable operation (>3500 cycles). This groundbreaking method not only overcomes the inherent rigidity limitations of existing electronic storage units but also opens new possibilities for innovating neuromorphic devices, offering fundamental and practical avenues for future applications in soft robotics, wearable electronics, and bio-inspired artificial intelligence systems.

A Flexible Aptameric Graphene Field‐Effect Nanosensor Capable of Automatic Liquid Collection/Filtering for Cytokine Storm Biomarker Monitoring in Undiluted Sweat

AbstractA wearable sensor capable of directly detecting cytokines in external secretions external to the human body is pivotal for gauging the intensity of the immune response and circumventing inflammatory storms, a significant clinical concern. The detection of low‐concentration cytokines is often hampered due to interference from impurities in secretions. Addressing this challenge, a wearable detection system is developed by integrating a Janus membrane with water auto‐collection/filtering capabilities, and aptamer‐modified graphene field‐effect transistor sensors, enabling the detection of low‐concentration cytokines in undiluted sweat samples. The Janus membrane can automatically filter external secretions and transport them to the sensor surface, effectively eliminating impurity interference and enhancing the sensor's detection capabilities. The device can sensitively detect cytokines (such as TNF‐α, a marker for inflammation and cancer) in undiluted sweat, with a detection range spanning 0.5 to 500 pM, and a detection limit reaching 0.31 pM. The ultra‐flexibility of the sensor is also verified, maintaining stable electrical properties even after enduring up to 50 extreme deformations. These findings indicate that the wearable detection system has the potential to realize low‐concentration cytokines monitoring in the sweat of inflammatory patients, to assist the healthcare system in controlling the body's immune status.

Crossing the limits of electric conductivity of copper by inducing nanotwinning via extreme plastic deformation at cryogenic conditions

Cu features excellent electric conductivity, although typically at the expense of favourable mechanical properties. Nevertheless, by optimizing the processing procedure, the mechanical properties can be enhanced while maintaining advantageous electric conductivity, which consequently increases the efficiency of copper wires and leads to their lower weight, as well as lower costs of material and production. The presented study investigates the effects of a thermomechanical manufacturing procedure involving rotary swaging, an industrially applicable intensive plastic deformation method imparting shear mixing and intensive (sub)structure modifications, performed at cryogenic conditions on the microstructures and mechanical and electric properties of Cu conductors. The results showed that the cryogenic swaging resulted in formation of significantly elongated grains with heavily refined cross-sections, which featured the mechanical properties enhanced by almost 200%, and, simultaneously, the electric conductivity of 104.9% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard). By applying an optimized heat treatment, the electric conductivity even increased to 105.8% IACS, primarily due to structure homogenization and development of twins in the micro, and also nano scales.

Microstructural evolution and deformation behavior of an interstitial TRIP high-entropy alloy under dynamic loading

The mechanical properties and microstructural evolution under dynamic loading conditions are of paramount importance in the development and utilization of interstitial high-entropy alloys (iHEAs). This study focuses on the investigation of a currently trending material, C-doped TRIP-assisted HEA Fe49.5Mn30Co10Cr10C0.5 (at.%). By subjecting the alloy to uniaxial quasi-static and dynamic tensile loading, the study systematically elucidates mechanical property testing under different strain states, characterizes the microstructural evolution during deformation, analyzes deformation mechanisms, and delves into the essence of mechanical responses. Particularly, by employing digital image correlation (DIC) techniques, local severe deformation regions under high-speed deformation conditions are sampled to investigate microstructural changes under extreme deformation conditions. The results indicated that, in comparison to quasi-static tensile deformation, the dynamic tensile deformation of the HEA demonstrated a slight increase in yield strength, a decrease in ultimate tensile strength, and a trend toward an increase in total elongation. Specifically, at a strain rate of 103 s−1, the tensile strength was ∼825.5 MPa, and at a strain rate of 10 s−1, the elongation was ∼57.7 %. In quasi-static deformation, the TRIP and TWIP effects served as the primary deformation mechanisms. In dynamic deformation, the proportion of ε-martensite phase transformation was significantly reduced, with deformation twinning (DT) and dislocations becoming the dominant mechanisms, originating from the impact of adiabatic heating on the stacking fault energy (SFE). Furthermore, in the locally severe deformation region, multiple twinning systems were activated, coupled with a substantial accumulation of dislocations. A minor presence of dual-oriented martensite also contributed to this complex mechanism. Additionally, the carbides formed through C-doping exerted a significant hindrance on dislocation slip during high-speed deformation and under high-strain conditions. Simultaneously, they promoted the activation of multiple twinning systems, making an indispensable contribution to maintaining the strain hardening rate (SHR) of the HEA.

Proportions of conical motifs: Optimal packing via the spherical image.

We present a scheme for calculating the shape of two well-known conical motifs: the d-Cone and the e-Cone. Each begins as a thin, flat disk, before buckling during loading into a deformed shape with distinctive, asymmetrical conical features and a localised apex. Various deformed equilibrium models rightly assume a developable shape, with a particular focus on determining how much of the disk detaches from how it is supported during buckling; they are, nevertheless, extensively curated analytically, and must confront (some, ingeniously) the question of singular, viz., infinite properties at the conical apex. In this study, we find an approximate description of shape that reveals the extent of detachment, from an analogous mobile vertex that packages optimally according to its constraints. To this end, we further develop the usage of Gauss's Mapping and the associated spherical image, which has been used previously, but only to confirm known properties of deformed shape. Despite the simplicity of our approach, remarkably good predictions are availed, perhaps because such problems of extreme deformation are geometrically (rather than equilibrium) dominated.

Composite CFST column to H-shaped steel beam joint: Experimental and numerical investigation

Conventional CFST column-to-steel beam connection has excellent collapse-resist capacity, good plastic deformation, and high energy dissipation. However, it makes reconstruction challenging after extreme inelastic deformation in a severe earthquake. This paper proposes a self-centering (SC) composite CFST column to H-shaped beam joint (SCCCB joint) using post-tensioned (PT) tendons. The residual deformation of the splicing column can be greatly reduced under the action of pre-tension tendons. Cyclic loading tests were performed on five 1/3 scale test specimens with the main parameter of axial compression ratio (n = 0.10, 0.12, 0.15, and 0.17) and steel tendon types (with or without cutting processing) to investigate the cyclic behaviour and SC performance. The finite element models were established to capture the stress distribution of the joints. Finally, the seismic and SC performance of the joints were studied by the parametrical analysis including five parameters: width-thickness ratio of steel tube (D/t), diameter, number and spacing of steel tendons (d, ns and s), and connecting diaphragm strength (fy,a). The SC performance can be improved with the increase of ns. The bending capacity of the joints increased with the increase of n, D/t, d and fy,a.

Unraveling microforging principle during in situ shot-peening-assisted cold spray additive manufacturing aluminum alloy through a multi-physics framework

Cold spray (CS) is a highly potential solid-state additive manufacturing (AM) technique. In situ shot-peening-assisted CSAM was proposed to additively manufacture fully dense deposits using cost-effective and renewable nitrogen gas. The role of in situ shot-peening particles is critical but remains unclear. Here, the process was quantitatively modeled to visualize the dynamic deformation, energy conversion, as well as cell/sub-grain size and microhardness evolutions, compared to those during the conventional CSAM process, identifying the key role of in situ shot-peening particles in the AA6061 extreme deformation and microstructure characteristics during in situ shot-peening-assisted CSAM. High-fidelity modeling was verified fully by comparing the experimental and model-reproduced deformation profiles, cell/sub-grain size distributions, and increases in microhardness. The results show that the kinetic energy of in situ shot-peening particles was 470 times higher and dissipated mainly through AA6061 plastic deformation (86.36% of total energy), leading to significant enhancement of microhardness and tensile strength. Moreover, the mixing ratio of large-size SS410 particles required to create a fully dense deposit was evaluated from an energy perspective, in good agreement with the experiment. This study elucidates the microforging principle during in situ shot-peening-assisted CSAM, providing scientific guidelines for high-quality and low-cost CSAM of high-strength aluminum alloys.

Development of a velocity measurement method for a microparticle projectile and high-speed impact testing of metallic materials for grain refinement

Since grain refinement, such as the nano-twinning and nano-crystallization of metallic materials, can improve mechanical properties, surface modification to generate nano-structures is an in-demand technology. This study aims to conduct ultrahigh velocity impact testing using microparticle projectiles to generate indentation craters via impact. Due to the resulting extreme plastic deformation with high strain rate, grain refinement is expected to occur. This study conducts the laser-induced particle impact test (LIPIT), in which laser ablation induces supersonic ejection of a microparticle, resulting in the generation of an impact crater. We first propose a method for measuring particle projectile velocity using a mechanoluminescent (ML) material. A particle collision against the ML material emits light as a result of the mechanical stimulus. The light is detected to determine the timing of particle arrival, thus, the particle projectile velocity is obtained. This measurement method is verified using a high-speed video camera. Next, LIPIT is applied to pure copper (Cu) and pure iron (Fe), thus producing nano-structures including twinning around the impact indentation craters. To clarify this mechanism, a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is conducted to reveal the formation of nano-twinning around the impact craters. In addition, nano-indentation testing is conducted, indicating plastic hardening around the impact craters unlike the craters obtained using quasi-static indentation. This indicates that plastic deformation due to LIPIT improves mechanical properties, owing to the extreme plastic strain and strain rates involved. Therefore, our LIPIT has potential as a new surface modification technique to induce extreme plastic deformation with ultrahigh strain rates, resulting in grain refinement.

Minimal Clinically Important Differences in Gait and Balance Ability in Patients Who Underwent Corrective Long Spinal Fusion for Adult Spinal Deformity.

Retrospective observational study. The risk of a femoral neck fracture due to a fall after adult spinal deformity surgery has been reported. One of the most significant factors among walking and balance tests in post-operative ASD patients was the timed up-and-go test (TUG). This study aims to calculate the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in balance tests after ASD surgery. Forty-eight patients, 4 males and 44 females, were included by exclusion criteria in 66 consecutive patients who underwent corrective surgery as a treatment for ASD at our institution from June 2017 to February 2022. The inclusion criteria for this study were age ≥50 years; and no history of high-energy trauma. The exclusion criteria were dementia, severe deformity of the lower extremities, severe knee or hip osteoarthritis, history of central nervous system disorders, cancer, and motor severe paralysis leading to gait disorders. The surgeries were performed in two stages, first, the oblique lumber interbody fusion (OLIF) L1 to L5 (or S1), and second, the posterior corrective fusion basically from T10 to pelvis. For outcome assessment, 10 m walk velocity, TUG, ODI, and spinopelvic parameters were used. Ten meter walk velocity of pre-operation and post-operation were 1.0 ± 0.3 m/s and 1.2 ± 0.2 m/s, respectively (p < 0.01). The TUG of pre-operation and post-operation were 12.1 ± 3.7 s and 9.7 ± 2.2 s, respectively (p < 0.01). The ODI improved from 38.6 ± 12.8% to 24.2 ± 15.9% after surgery (p < 0.01). All post-operative parameters except PI obtained statistically significant improvement after surgery. This is the first report of MCID of the 10 m walk velocity and TUG after ASD surgery. Ten meter walk velocity and the TUG improved after surgery; their improvement values were correlated with the ODI. MCID using the anchor-based approach for 10 m walk velocity and the TUG were 0.10 m/s and 2.0 s, respectively. These MCID values may be useful for rehabilitation after ASD surgery.

The Florence multi-resolution 3D facial expression dataset

In the literature, several 3D face datasets have been collected, aiming at advancing the field of 3D face analysis from different perspectives. Data collection generally follows specific research needs, and the existing 3D face datasets all have different characteristics that are tailored for investigating different tasks, encompassing face recognition, facial expressions and emotions analysis, 3D face reconstruction. However, the majority of these datasets are either collected with high-resolution scanners, or consumer level devices, such as the Kinect, the latter being motivated by the burdensome and costly process of collecting high-quality scans. Differently from 2D imagery, the difference in resolution in 3D data represents a non negligible problem that is under-investigated, and still prevents the successful development of methods that can work in real scenarios. In this paper, we propose a new 3D face dataset, named “Florence Multi-Resolution 3D Facial Expression” (Florence 3DMRE), which aims at bridging the gap between high- and low-resolution 3D face datasets. Its peculiarity consists in (1) including high-resolution (HR) models obtained with a HR scanner, and paired samples collected with a Kinect sensor, (2) LR and HR scans are synchronized and capture extreme and asymmetric facial deformations as used in facial rehabilitation exercises. In total, our dataset consists of 14 subjects, each performing 19 complex and asymmetric expressions. For each of them, we collected a high-resolution scan, and an RGB-D sequence. Finally, to highlight the value of the dataset and the challenges it introduces, we use the collected data to perform baseline experiments for cross-resolution 3D face recognition and reconstruction. The dataset is released for research purposes only, and complies to GDPR for data treatment. The dataset can be found at this link.

Presence of Post-traumatic Limps in an Adult Population Diagnosed on a "Catwalk Video": A Comparative Study Between Healthcare and Nonhealthcare Individuals.

Background Walking is an everyday activity but also complex in nature. Gait disorders have the potential to drastically affect an individual's quality of life and their ability to be independent. The causes of gait disorders are numerous. To identify abnormal gait, clinicians utilize gait analysis. The aim of this study is to assess how well individuals can identify limps in postoperative traumatized individuals with lower extremity deformities. Methods Participants observed a video compiled of individuals with various gait abnormalities and severities of limps. In the video, there were nine abnormal gait presentations, four obvious limps, and five subtle limps, while the other 10 gait presentations were normal gaits. Classifications for gait presentations were assigned by the research team. Participants assigned a classification to each limp case presented in the video on a survey. The participants were separated into two groups: those with healthcare experience and lay individuals. A Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare healthcare experience and lay individuals' ability to identify limps correctly. In addition, the observers were evaluated on their ability to perform a screening diagnosis of a limp. Results A total of 100 participants were included in the study, 46 with healthcare experience and 54 individuals without. All tests, identification of limp and subtle limp, using the Mann-Whitney U-test yielded non-significant differences between healthcare and nonhealthcare experience. Overall lowest correctness between both groups came when attempting to identify subtle limp (healthcare = 57.39%, nonhealthcare = 56.67%) while the highest correctness yield was when identifying limp (healthcare = 96.74%, nonhealthcare = 95.37%). Analysis of the observers' ability to perform a screening diagnosis of limp provided close to gold standard results (sensitivity = 96.0%, specificity = 98.7%, positive predictive value = 99.2%, negative predictive value = 98.4%). Conclusion This study showed that nonhealthcare individuals can accurately perform gait analysis from a video, particularly in identifying the presence of a limp, to a similar extent as individuals with healthcare experience. The implementation of two-dimensional catwalk videos taken from a smartphoneis beneficial due to accessibility and cost-effectiveness. It also suggested that limp diagnosis can be done as a screening test, using individuals as the screener.

A highly adhesive and mechanically robust eutectogel electrolyte for constructing stable integrated stretchable supercapacitors

Conventional stretchable supercapacitors (SSCs) typically exhibit unstable performance under deformation due to the multilayer configurations. And the current manufacturing technologies also restrict the use of zero-dimensional active materials, which results in monotonous performance. Herein, a stable integrated activated carbon-based SSC was fabricated with the aid of the developed mechanical robust and highly adhesive eutectogel electrolyte. The eutectogel was prepared via introducing two polymers (poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)acrylamide)) with significantly different relaxation rates into an ionizable supramolecular complex (namely deep eutectic solvents). The mechanical and adhesive responses of the network structure were analyzed in relation to the ratio of two polymers. The results showed that the two polymers displayed well synergy. Interestingly, due to the competitive H-bonded between components, it was found that the ionic conductivity was also promoted while the mechanical strength and adhesion strength of eutectogel were improved. Furthermore, the developed eutectogel also exhibited temperature tolerance and self-healing properties. The assembled device utilizing this eutectogel electrolyte delivers an energy density of 26.6 Wh kg−1 at 80 ℃, while maintaining its capacitance even under extreme deformation of 200% strain. After 3000 cycles of repetitive stretching from 0% to 200%, it still retained 86% of the initial capacitance. This work not only offers reasonable recommendations for designing promising electrolytes, but also an inspiring approach to construct stable integrated SSCs without being limited by electrode materials or fabrication techniques.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Hastalığında Bilateral Pençe-Elin Düzeltilmesi İçin Ortez : Olgu Sunumu

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) is a common inherited peripheral nerve disorder. Although lower extremity deformities are more common in patients with CMT, claw-hand deformities and monkey hand deformities are also frequently seen. If these deformities are not corrected, they impair the biomechanics of the hand. Orthoses made of thermoplastic material are often used to correct these deformities. In this case, the results of the lumbrical bar orthosis applied to the bilateral claw-hand deformity in a patient with CMT are presented. Before and after orthosis use, dexterity was evaluated with the Purdue Pegboard test, hand grip strength was evaluated with a manual hand dynamometer, and pinch strength was evaluated with a pinchmeter. As a result of the evaluations, it was seen that the lumbrical bar orthosis corrected the claw-hand deformity, but did not cause improvements in hand grip strength, pinch strength and dexterity.