Deformation Characteristics Of Structure Research Articles

The Some Concept Design’s Typical Characteristics of Building Structure

The characteristics of effect are expounded for different structure under the specific load. These internal force and deformation characteristics in conceptual design should be caused take attention seriously. After summing up a lot of engineering structure calculation based on the results of different structure, some typical characteristics of load effect can be reduced , usually these typical effects called conceptual design features. Understanding of these internal force and deformation characteristics of structures is beneficial for deepening professional quality, and improving the professional foundation. Readers with diligence paid to various structure and further study, will be able to cognitively find more conceptual design features, make innovations, and constantly enrich itself the experience of conceptual design.

평면변형률 시험에서 이미지 해석을 통한 사질토의 전단면 특성 평가

전단면의 형성과 전단면에 집중되어 국부적으로 발생하는 변형은 지반 구조물의 거동과 안정성에 크게 영향을 미치기 때문에 전단면의 특성을 파악하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 전단면의 형성 및 발달 패턴 등을 실험적으로 규명하기 위하여 입도분포가 다른 세 가지 시료에 대하여 밀도와 구속압 조건을 변화시켜가면서 평면변형률 시험을 수행하였다. 전단 중에 이미지를 촬영하고, 전단 초기에서부터 한계 상태까지 하중 단계에 따라서 이미지 해석을 수행하여 시료 내부의 변형을 측정하였다. 이를 바탕으로 전단면이 발생하기 시작하는 단계를 확인하였고, 이 단계부터 응력 연화 단계를 지나 한계 상태에 이를 때까지의 전단면의 특성을 기울기와 두께의 관점에서 평가하였다. 또한, 두께를 합리적으로 산정하기 위하여 통계적인 해석 절차도 마련하였다. Shear banding, the localization of deformation into thin zones, has a quite practical relevance, as stability and deformation characteristics of earth structures are controlled by the soil behavior within the shear band. In this study, for understanding occurrence and developed pattern of shear band, plane strain compression tests were performed on three soils with different particle-size distribution under various conditions. Digital images were captured during the experiments; then, deformation of a specimen was evaluated by digital image analysis technique. The characteristics of a shear band were evaluated from the state shortly after post-peak occurrence to critical state. Additionally, the statistical procedure was developed to determine the reasonable thickness of a shear band.

S0305-5-5 マグネシウム合金AZ80押出し材の疲労強度特性に及ぼす応力比の影響([S0305-5]超長寿命)

In order to investigate the effect of stress ratio on high-cycle fatigue properties of an extruded magnesium alloy, axial loading fatigue tests have been performed under three testing conditions of stress ratio, R, of 0, -1 and -1.5 at room temperature in ambient atmosphere using hourglass shaped specimens of AZ80 magnesium alloy extruded (F) and T5-againg treated after extruded (T5). A fatigue limit appeared in the F-specimen only under the testing condition of R=0, while that appeared in the T5-specimen under all stress ratios, because of retardation in crack growth by aging microstructure. From detailed observation of fracture surface, crack initiation mechanism changed from the twin deformation induced in high-stress amplitude level to slip deformation induced in low-stress amplitude level, because of a texture caused by extrusion and the particular deformation characteristics of hep lattice structure in a magnesium alloy.

An Experimental Method for the In-Plane Deformation Measurement in a Sample of Transparent Polymeric Material

With the increasing development of polymeric materials, it becomes important for research on mechanical properties of polymeric materials under large deformation conditions. To know displacement distributions in the polymeric structures could help us to better understand the deformation characteristics of polymeric structures in fracture analysis. In this paper, an experimental digital moiré method for the in-plane deformation measurement in a sample of transparent polymeric material, which is a non-contact method for full-field, large deformation and real-time measurement, is presented. The measurement principles and the basic procedures of the method are explained in detail. In order to demonstrate this method, a cross grating is generated and put into a transparent polymeric specimen. The subsequent fringe and displacement analysis is carried out using the method developed by the authors.

Cenozoic structural deformation and dynamic processes of the Bohai Bay basin province, China

Cenozoic structures in the Bohai Bay basin province can be subdivided into eleven extensional systems and three strike-slip systems. The extensional systems consist of normal faults and transfer faults. The normal faults predominantly trend NNE and NE, and their attitudes vary in different tectonic settings. Paleogene rifting sub-basins were developed in the hanging walls of the normal faults that were most likely growth faults. Neogene–Quaternary sequences were deposited in both the rifting sub-basins and horsts to form a unified basin province. The extensional systems were overprinted by three NNE-trending, right-lateral strike-slip systems (fault zones). Although the principal displacement zones (PDZ) of the strike-slip fault zones are developed only in the basement and lower basin sequences in some cross sections, the structural deformation characteristics of the upper basin sequences also indicate that they are basement-involved, right-lateral strike-slip fault zones. According to the relationships between faults and sedimentary sequences, the extensional systems were mainly developed from the middle Paleocene to the late Oligocene, whereas the strike-slip systems were mainly developed from the Oligocene to the Miocene. Strike-slip deformation was intensified as extensional deformation was weakened. Extensional deformation was derived from horizontal tension induced by upwelling of hot mantle material, whereas strike-slip deformation was probably related to a regional stress field induced by plate movement.

Structural Deformation Characteristics of Installed HDPE Circular Pipelines

This study presents a survey of deformation characteristics of the installed high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipelines. Video and laser inspections are carried out on over 15,000 ft (4,572 m) of buried HDPE pipelines installed across the nation. Different types of deformation failure modes observed in the buried HDPE pipelines are identified in this paper. The results show that the majority of buried HDPE pipelines have deformations in excess of the commonly acceptable limits along multiple locations within each pipeline.

Paleozoic structural deformation of Bachu uplift, Tarim basin of Northwest China: Implications for plate drifting

Based on high-resolution 2D seismic profiles, the Paleozoic structural deformation characteristics of Bachu (巴楚) uplift of northwestern Tarim basin, NW China, are exhibited in this article. The deformation happened during three main geological periods: the end of Middle-Late Ordovician (O2–3), the end of Early-Middle Devonian (D1–2), and the end of Late Permian (P2). In the Bachu uplift, there developed a series of NW-trending thrust faults and imbricate structures due to the effect of the NW-SE compression stress towards the end of Middle-Late Ordovician (O2–3) (middle Caledonian movement), and there developed some NNE-trending thrust faults and fault blocks under the control of the NEE-SWW compression stress at the end of Early-Middle Devonian (D1–2) (early Hercynian movement). However, at the end of Late Permian (P2) (late Hercynian movement), some NE-trending thrust faults and associated folds developed as a result of the NE-SW compression stress. The first-stage (O2–3) deformation is obviously more violent than those of the latter two stages (D1–2 and P2), which implies that the Tarim plate drifted quickly to the north at around the same time basin.

Creep characteristic simulation of deep soft rock roadway and long-term mechanical analysis of lining support

By the generalized Kelvin creep model, rheological characteristics of deep soft rock and long-term mechanical behaviors of support structures were simulated. Mechanical deformation characteristics of support structures under different lining circumstances were also analyzed on the basis of deducing the relationship between the generalized Kelvin creep model and implicit creep equations in ANSYS FEM software. The results show that high stress of deep tunnels is the main factor in creep damage; the surrounding rock’s deformation binding effect due to lining increases as the thickness increases but the effect becomes very weak when it increases to a certain value; contact pressure on the lining decreases as its thickness decreases.

정지 비행하는 로터 블레이드의 전산 유체-구조 결합 해석

numerical study on the coupled fluid-structure for a rotor blade in hover was conducted. Computational fluid dynamics code with enhanced wake-capturing capability is coupled with a simple structural dynamics code based on Euler-Bernoulli`s beam equation. The numerical results show a reasonable blade structural deformation and aerodynamic characteristics.

ICONE15-10585 REVIEW STRUCTURAL ANALYSES OF OLKILUOTO3 EPR PLANT TURBINE AND COOLING WATER PUMP BUILDINGS FOR SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATES

This paper describes the review structural analysis for the Turbine Building of Olkiluoto 3 NPP (UMA) under finished condition when building is covered with insulated cladding and inside temperatures are maintained by HVAC system.. The main aim of the review structural analysis is to ensure the sufficient strength and deformation characteristics of the turbine building structures. The second part of this paper describes the verification structural analysis for the Cooling Water Pump Building of Olkiluoto 3 NPP (UQA). The current verification analysis assesses the validity of the Cooling Water Pump building design for serviceability limit states concentrating on crack width calculations. The introduction of construction time shrinkage joints in the turbine building deletes to the large extent the uneven shrinkage contraction in the concrete substructure. It also enables the uniform temperature expansion of the turbine building structures. The required rebar areas in the cooling water pump building were determined for long term serviceability limit states and for allowable crack widths of 0.13 mm as well as for short term serviceability limit states and for allowable crack widths of 0.26 mm. From the obtained results it can be concluded that more than 95 % from the all shell elements in the model of the cooling water pump building fulfill crack width requirements in both long term and short term load conditions with the system reinforcement of two layers of 20 mm rebars with 100 mm pitch in both directions

Deformation Characteristics of Wood Structures under Compression

This study is aimed at investigating the deformation characteristics and mechanisms of wood and its deformation characteristics using long distance microscope and CCD-camera. The structures of actual wood can be treated as micro cell structure and layer one. Several deformation characteristics were obtained in compression process. Characteristics of the deformation were investigated experimentally. The following results were obtained for the deformation of wood. (1) The deformation modes of cell structures and the locations where deformation is generated were clarified. (2) The characteristics of the compression of layered structures were clarified. (3) The deformation of wood was largely affected by structural features such as the grain, distribution of tree rings, and compression direction. The results obtained are useful in carrying out effective compaction of wood.

Study of the Emplacement Mechanism of the Fenghuangshan Granite Pluton and Related Cu‐Au Mineralization in Tongling, Anhui Province

Abstract The Fenghuangshan Pluton is located in the Tongling polymineral‐cluster district in the middle‐lower section of the Yangtze metallogenic belt. In tectonic terms, it is in the middle of the Guichi‐Fanchang faulted fold bundle of the lower Yangtze Platform fold belt between the Dabie Orogenic Belt and the Jiangnan Massif. Analyses of the structural deformation characteristics of both the contact zone and the interior of the pluton are used to explain its emplacement mechanism. The foliation and lineation of the pluton, consisting of the oriented distribution of dark minerals and xenoliths, mainly concentrate along the margin of the pluton. Toward the center of the pluton, the foliation structure becomes weak, showing intense compression formation at the margin, and reflecting the conformable intrusion of the pluton. The relatively gentle lineation is evidence of a rotatory emplacement mechanism. Relatively steep marginal foliation reflects compression expanding. Affected by the thermal power of the pluton, the metamorphism of the contact zone has zonation. Both the strike of the axial plane of fold at the contact zone and that of the flow cleavage of the ductile shear zone are consistent with the boundary of the pluton, which reflects the speciality of conformable intrusion. The hinges of the folds are mostly inclined and erect, reflecting both the rotation of the pluton and its upward spiraling emplacement mechanism. Boudins developed in both the contact zone and the steep strata indicate the emplacement characteristic of the ballon expanding. The surrounding rock of the contact zone shortens horizontally. The average percentage of shortening is 39.7%, which further proves the mechanism of the pluton expanding, and the space occupied by the active expanding intrusion was provided by the shortening of the surrounding rock. The left‐lateral shear shown by the ductile shear zone and the rheomorphic fold reveals that the pluton emplacement and the deformation of surrounding rock are controlled by a NNE‐striking left‐lateral shear stress field. These characteristics of pluton structures provide a mechanism of emplacement. In the deep, the pluton apirally rose left lateral, and in the shallow, the one forcefully emplaced balloningly.

Progressive inelastic deformation characteristics of cylindrical structure with plate-to-shell junction under moving temperature front

A study on the progressive inelastic deformation behavior of the 316 L stainless steel cylindrical structure with plate-to-shell junction under moving temperature front was carried out by structural test and analysis. The structural test intends to simulate the thermal ratcheting behavior occurring at the reactor baffle of the liquid metal reactor as free surface of hot sodium pool moves up and down under plant transients. The thermal ratchet load that heats the specimen up to 550°C was applied repeatedly and residual deformation was measured. The thermal ratcheting test was carried out with two types of cylindrical structures, one with plate-to-shell junction and the other without the junction to investigate the effects of the geometric discontinuities on the global ratcheting deformation. The temperature distributions of the test specimens were measured and were used for the ratcheting analysis. The ratchet deformations were analyzed with the constitutive equation of the non-linear combined hardening model. The analysis results were in good agreement with those of the structural tests.

변형해석 및 공리적 설계에 의한 와이어 방전가공기의 설계평가

Recent industrial requirements for highly precise shape processing have brought the electric discharge machining (EDM) in great need. High precision in EDM is primarily achieved by high performance controllers. However there exists inherent precision loss due to structural micro-deformation. On this background, we study structural deformation characteristics of wire cut EDM via finite element (FE) analysis and axiomatic design. Two different wire cut EOMs are selected as analysis models. 3D CAD package I-Deas is first used to construct FE models of wire cut EOMs. and then ABAQUS FE code is used for following structural analysis. Pertinency of FE mesh revfinement is discussed in terms of n -factor. It is shown that performance accuracy of EDM depends strongly on the structural characteristics. Some design enhancements are suggested in an axiomatic design point of view. Finally we provide weight and temperature induced displacement discrepancies between wire end points as position functions of each subframe.

Performance Evaluation of Highway Embankment Constructed with Waste Foundry Sand

Considerable savings are possible for the metal casting industry through the development of reuse applications for waste foundry sand (WFS). State departments of transportation face increased pressure to reuse waste materials in transportation construction. In 1996, the Indiana Department of Transportation and Purdue University constructed a demonstration embankment by using WFS from a ferrous foundry. WFS and control embankments were instrumented to monitor geotechnical and environmental performance during and after construction. Stockpile and jobsite WFS samples also were tested. The geotechnical investigation demonstrated that WFS can perform well as a structural fill, having strength and deformation characteristics comparable to natural sand. The compacted WFS has a hydraulic conductivity considerably lower than that of natural sand and generally cannot be considered as freely draining. Environmental testing consisted of Microtox and Nitrotox bioassays, ion chromatography, and inductively coupled plasma testing for metals. Bioassay results indicate the WFS has not leached contaminants at concentrations higher than those expected from natural sand and is not likely to have a negative environmental impact at the site. Ion migration from the WFS into the foundry sand lysimeter was found, supporting bioassay data, but at concentrations below drinking water standards or reuse regulatory criteria. Metal concentrations typically were below detection levels.

Nonlinear Deformation Analysis of Air-Dome Membrane Structures.

The present study treats the nonlinear deformation characteristics of air-dome membrane structures under uniform internal pressure. An incremental load method based on a linear approximation or a mathematical programming method is applied to analyze the nonlinear deformation behaviors by minimizing the potential energy. As examples of numerical analyses, the deformation characteristics are shown for elliptic membrane structures with various kinds of ffber orientation angles, for a membrane structure with an initial deflection, and for cable-reinforced membrane structures.

A review of the structure, petrology, and dynamic deformation characteristics of some enigmatic terrestrial structures

We review three categories of enigmatic terrestrial structures that have a variety of macroscopic and microscopic dynamic deformation features. The first category includes the Midcontinent, United States cryptoexplosion structures. They are of shallow origin and illustrate the effects that might be expected from a meteorite impact on a sedimentary rock terrane. The second category includes the well known Vredefort and Sudbury plutons or basement uplifts; the lesser known Precambrian basement uplifts at Steen River, Manson, and Carswell; and the diatreme breccia dikes at the Slate Islands. They are of relatively deep seated origin and illustrate the effects that might be expected from deep crustal or mantle processes of an explosive nature. The third category includes the large landslides in areas of crystalline rocks at Koefels and Langtang. The dynamic deformation features at these latter locations appear to be related to high strain rate tectonic processes associated with the landslide itself. We conclude that microscopic dynamic deformation features which occur in natural materials may have originated from meteorite impacts, from internal explosions, or from high strain rate tectonic process.

A Study on the Bending Rigidity of an Adhesive Joint Subjected to a Bending Load Tangential to Bonding Surfaces.

The deformation characteristics of a cantilever beam structure, in which a beam was bonded onto a base using a bonding surface parallel to the axis of the beam and which was subjected to a bending load tangential to the bonding surfaces, have been examined both theoretically and experimentally. It was shown that the deformation and rigidity of the adhesive joint could be well estimated by using the theory of bending of a beam on an elastic foundation. Effects of the length of the flange and the thickness of the adhesive layer on the rigidity were clarified, and a design criterion of adhesive joints was proposed. It was observed that the rigidity of the adhesive joint was greater than that of the bolted joint when the thickness of the adhesive layer was thin, and that greaterload could be applied to an adhesive joint than to a bolted joint.

An Experimental And Analytical Study OnStrength And Deformation Capacity Of AnchorSystem Of Metal Liners Under Impact Loading

The ultimate strength and deformation capacity of anchor system of metal liners covering concrete surface subjected to cyclic impact loading are studied experimentally and analytically. The metal liners having anchor bolts and ribs are designed to protect sleeve part of sabo dams, water-course floor, and debris barriers from scouring and impact loading of rocks. A design method, independent of impact cyclic loading patterns, is suggested considering the energy absorption capacity of the metal liners. INTRODUCTION Because of the avalanche of gravels and rocks in debris flow, the collision of rocks on the sleeve part, debris barriers, and water-course floor of sabo dams, the concrete surface is subject to erosion, destruction and abrasion damages[1.2]. One method of protecting the concrete surface that has been tested recently is by attaching lining material such as metal liners. However, the strength and deformation characteristics of structures with metal liners under impact loading have not been clarified yet. and therefore, the design method of such structures is still unestablished. In this research, static tests for several types of metal liners are done. This is followed by dynamic tests in order to clarify the characteristics of the failure load,deformation behavior and energy absorption capacity of the anchor system. Transactions on the Built Environment vol 8, © 1994 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509 176 Structures under Shock and Impact Then, the impact force in the metal liner obtained from the tests is compared with the results of numerical analysis using DYNA3D. Finally, a design method of the anchor of the metal liner, based on the energy absorption capacity, is suggested. STATIC TESTS Profile of Metal Liners and Test Specimens: Three shapes of the metal liners arc used in the static tests as shown in Fig. 1. These shapes are : ( a,) flat plate liner (Flat-Type), (b) liner with cruciform rib (Rib-Type), and (c) a liner with a leg rib (Leg-Type). Two kinds of material are used: abrasion resisting chrome iron and mangan iron. The anchor system for the Flat-Type and Rib-Type is four anchor bolts made of reinforcement bars, and that for the Legtype is two anchor bolts attached to the lower part of the leg. The dimensions of the plate of the liner in all three types are 40cmx40cmx5cm. (a) Flat-Type (b) Rib-Type Figure 1: Profile of Metal Liners g r~ / incl / I al iner f~ ~i •lid layer

Liquefaction Potential And Uplift Deformation Of Underground Structure

The uplift deformation characteristics of such underground structures as common utility duct due to soil liquefaction are discussed experimentally based on shaking table tests using two-dimensional ground model and an underground structure model with rectangular section. In this paper, from the view point that the uplift deformation of an underground structure is caused by the movement of liquefied soils from the surrounding ground to below the underground structure, two factors: the thickness of liquefiable layer below the underground structure model and the width of the underground structure model are aimed as important parameters controlling the movement of liquefied soils and as result influencing the uplift deformation of the underground structure model with rectangular section. Based on the experiments, the effects of the above two parameters for reducing the uplift deformation of the underground structure model are investigated. Furthermore, countermeasure against soil liquefaction which is called a barrier wall is proposed considering the movement of liquefied soils to uplift the underground structure model and its effects for reducing the uplift deformation of the underground structure model are discussed.