Computer simulations of the passage of high-energy charged particle beams through a bent crystal near a crystallographic axis are presented. The influence of the magnitude of the particle charge, of the particle charge sign and of incoherent scattering processes by thermal oscillations of the crystal's atoms and by the atomic electrons of the crystal on the beam deflection efficiency is considered. Conditions for the realization of deflection and splitting effects for a high-energy charged particle beam in a bent crystal are discussed.