Definitive Stakeholders Research Articles

The role of stakeholders and their relationships in the sustainability of telecentres

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the role of stakeholders and their relationships in the sustainability of telecentres in Vietnam through the lens of stakeholder theory.Design/methodology/approachThis study methodologically adopted a qualitative case study to identify stakeholders that have been involved in telecentres in Vietnam. It then categorizes those stakeholders’ salience through the lens of stakeholder identification and salience theory. Secondary data and interviews were used as data sources for the present paper.FindingsThe authors identify six main stakeholders that have been involved in telecentres, including the government, entrepreneurs, international donors, telecommunications providers, civil society organisations and individual community members/users. Among these stakeholders, the government, entrepreneurs and users belong to definitive stakeholders, which have the greatest impact on the sustainability of telecentres in comparison to other groups of stakeholders (e.g. dominant, dependent and dormant stakeholders). Moreover, the authors propose a model to identify the relationships of stakeholders towards the sustainability of telecentres. In particular, the authors indicate that each group of stakeholders has its own role in contributing to sustainable telecentres and they also influence others in either direct or indirect ways.Originality/valueThis study provides an additional approach for managers to make judgments in prioritizing the interests of some of their stakeholders while still maintaining a level of satisfaction among other stakeholders. For example, stakeholders that should be of the highest concern to the sustainability of telecentres are the government, entrepreneurs and users, while civil society organisations can be maintained in lower priority to other stakeholders. In addition, we propose the model of interactions and relationships of stakeholders, which can be seen as a starting point for a study on the roles of stakeholders in sustainability not only in telecentres, but also in other fields, such as digital transformation, cyber security and e-government.

Formulating an Excise Duty on Plastic: A Strategy to Manage Marine Plastic Waste in Indonesia

Plastic excise duty is one of the programs prescribed to combat the marine waste problem in Indonesia. This article presents an insight into the formulation of the government regulations needed to implement plastic excise duty. Initially planned to be implemented by 2018, the program is still in the process almost five years later. This article aims to identify the core issues discussed in the process, the stakeholders playing the central role, and their perspectives by interviewing key informants involved in the inter-ministerial committee. This research identified four ministries as definitive stakeholders as representatives of fiscal, industrial, and environmental groups. These groups have distinct interests in five core issues discussed during the negotiation process: the urgency of implementing an excise duty, its goals, scope of implementation, rate of tariff, and the settings for earmarking. This research found that environmental consideration was the central premise during the interministerial negotiation. However, the government’s hesitation to immediately implement an excise on plastic bags shows that currently, the government tends to prioritize economic considerations

Assessing public sector road construction projects’ critical success factors in a developing economy: Definitive stakeholders’ perspective

This study assessed the critical success factors (CSFs) of public-sector road construction projects execution from the perspective of definitive stakeholders associated with such projects by drawing on in-depth semi-structured interviews (16) and surveys (372) in Ghana, thirty-four (34) CSFs were identified. Using Relative Importance Index (RII), Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficients, and Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance and the Chi-square test of significance statistics, the top ten most important factors in descending order are: the absence of political interference, project continuity by successive governments, adequate project funding, support from financial institutions and donor agencies and countries, government commitment to the project, absence of clientelism, absence of nepotism, no political corruption, payments of contractors on time and absence of court injunction or legal suit and land litigations. This study contributes to road construction CSFs in the context of public sector road construction in developing economies.

Mapping the Key Stakeholders toward Supply Chain Sustainability: Evidence from the Brazilian Beef Supply Chains

This study aims to map the key stakeholders towards Brazilian beef supply chain sustainability based on stakeholder theory. Using the typology proposed by Mitchell and colleagues in 1997, we identified definitive stakeholders (e.g., slaughterhouses), dependent stakeholders (e.g., government agencies), dominant stakeholder (e.g., Greenpeace), discretionary stakeholder (e.g., beef consumer), and nonstakeholder (e.g., media). Beyond providing a mapping of stakeholders and their roles, this study contributes by emphasizing the need to balance firm attention to its stakeholders, who wield varying levels of legitimacy, power, and urgency. We demonstrate the importance of mapping stakeholders as the first step in analyzing supply chain sustainability.

Exploring critical success factors (CSFs) of humanitarian supply chain management (HSCM) in flood disaster management (FDM)

PurposeThis study explores the critical success factors (CSFs) in humanitarian supply chain management (HSCM) by focussing on flood disaster management (FDM) in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachAn in-depth semi-structured interview and questionnaire surveys in a sequential data collection approach were used to collect data from definitive stakeholders of humanitarian organisations. The data was analysed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factors analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) techniques.FindingsSeventy-four factors were identified as success factors of HSCM of flood disaster management. However, 41 of these factors were statistically significant and considered as critical. In descending order, these factors relate to management practices, education and training, stakeholder involvement and cooperation, infrastructure, innovation and technology, materials and resources, administrative practices, socio-cultural and economic. Whilst some factors are internal to the humanitarian organisations, others are external factors that are beyond the control of humanitarian organisations.Research limitations/implicationsEven though this study offers empirical results that could guide policymakers in their decision-making about humanitarian operations, care needs to be taken since the data is within one country and within a specific disaster context – hence, policymakers need to consider the local contextual dynamics. Future studies could look at different disasters context to make a comparative analysis of various types of disaster operations.Practical implicationsInstitutions such as World Health Organization, Red Cross organisations and UN seeking to curbs global-warming-related disasters and the reduction of the effects of flood disaster can use findings as a guide during the formulation of HSCM policies and strategies.Originality/valueUnlike previous studies of humanitarian operations that focussed extensively on theoretical expositions, simulations, conceptual frameworks and models, this present study offers empirical evidence of humanitarian operations in the context of SCM. Further, by highlighting on the HSCM CSFs, this study contributes to disaster reduction and their effects on humanity in the context of FDM. This research could be used as guide by governments and FDM organisations to make informed decisions on SCM areas to focus the most during FDM.

Identification and attribute analysis of key stakeholders who influence multidrug-resistant tuberculosis prevention and control in China

BackgroundThere could be various stakeholders who influencing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) policy development and implementation, yet their attributes and roles remain unclear in practice. This study aimed to identify key stakeholders in the process of policy-making for MDR-TB control and prevention and to analyse the attributes and relationships of the stakeholders, providing evidence for further policy research on MDR-TB control.MethodsThis study was conducted from October 2018 to March 2019 and applied the stakeholder analysis guidelines and domestic stakeholder analysis. An initial candidate stakeholder list was developed by policy scanning. Ten experts were invited to identify these candidate stakeholders. The major attribute of these stakeholders were analysed using the Michell scoring method. Based on these results, the intertwined relationships among groups of stakeholders were analysed and mapped through a systematic scan of the policy and literature on MDR-TB control, as well as information obtained from the interviews.ResultsA list of 21 types of candidate stakeholders was developed after a literature review and policy scanning, of which 11 received 100% approval. After expert evaluation and identification (the total expert authority was 0.80), 19 categories of stakeholders were approved and included in the stakeholder analysis. We categorized all of the stakeholders into three groups: (i) definitive stakeholders who are mainly involved in administrative departments and the Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); (ii) expectant stakeholders who are mainly involved with MDR-TB patients, clinical departments of TB hospitals at different levels, community health care facilities, prefectural CDC and charity organizations; and (iii) latent stakeholders who mainly involved family members and neighbours of MDR-TB patients and TB related products manufacturers. Government departments and higher-level CDCs have strong decision-making power in developing MDR-TB control policies whereas the recommendations from service providers and the concerns of patients should be considered.ConclusionsThe MDR-TB prevention system was a multistakeholder cooperation system that was mainly led by government stakeholders. Enhancing communications with front-line service providers and patients on their unmet needs and evidence-based suggestions would highly benefit policy-making of MDR-TB prevention and control.Graphical abstract

STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS PADA KEBIJAKAN PEMANFAATAN TELEMEDICINE DALAM MENGHADAPI COVID-19 DI INDONESIA

The use of telemedicine is one of the strategic policies of the Indonesian government to minimize physical contact between doctors and patients in the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic. Various suggestions, directions and decisions from government elements in implementing the policy are aimed at maintaining public health services, without increasing the potential for Covid-19 transmission in health facilities. However, in the midst of optimism for the success of the policy, various policy makers had doubts, especially regarding the readiness of facilities, the ethical dimensions of medical personnel professionalism, and the potential for the emergence of new capitalism in the health sector. Through the stakeholder analysis method of reviewing the existing literature, this study will map and identify the various stakeholders involved in telemedicine implementation, as well as their power, legitimacy and urgency. This identification aims to analyze the relationship between stakeholders and anticipate any counter-productive efforts to the government's strategy in suppressing the spread of the Covid-19 outbreak. The results of this study indicate that there are at least thirty-one stakeholders involved, including the Indonesian Ministry of Health, the Covid-19 Task Force and the Indonesian Medical Council (KKI) as definitive stakeholders, as well as investors, providers of telemedicine platforms and the pharmaceutical industry as dangerous stakeholders.

Sustainable Development in Tourism: A Stakeholder Analysis of the Langhe Region

The tourism literature has increasingly recognized the significance of various stakeholders on how a region should attempt to apply the principles of sustainable development. Based on stakeholder theory, the article aims to investigate how the business model in tourism that is used in Italy’s Langhe region is aligned to the promotion of a “sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work,” in accordance to the United Nations General Assembly 2030 agenda for sustainable development. The research employed a single case study approach, drawing on 36 semistructured interviews with key stakeholders in the region, and the findings show that a variety of stakeholders play an important role toward the sustainable development of the region. The various stakeholders were categorized as either internal or external, followed by the identification of definitive stakeholders. The article concludes with the managerial and theoretical implications of the findings and reports several future research directions.

The rise of PPPs in public sector affordable housing project delivery in Ghana: challenges and policy direction

This study explored the challenges facing affordable housing delivery that uses private-public partnership (PPP) scheme as the delivery model. An in-depth semi-structured interview and survey were employed to solicit the views of definitive stakeholders involved in public sector affordable housing projects being executed in Ghana through PPP arrangement. The results show that there are thirty-four challenges that the affordable housing project delivery faces. In order of importance, the challenges relate to politics and governance, international forces, administration, financial resources, material resources, management practices, technical, local external forces and natural forces. Whilst factors that relate to politics and governance, administration, financial resources, materials resources, local external forces and natural forces are external challenges, those that relate to management and technical are internal to the performing organization. This study contributes to both academics and practice. Policymakers, governments and housing project practitioners can use the findings as guidance to make informed decisions during affordable housing projects delivery. By comparing the most important challenges, practitioners will be able identify challenges that need to be focused on the most during affordable housing project delivery. It also offers a theoretical framework to assess affordable housing projects challenges.

Relationship of Stakeholders in Protected Areas and Tourism Ecological Compensation: A Case Study of Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve in China

The first step to defining the rights, responsibilities and interests of stakeholders and constructing a compensation mechanism is to identify the stakeholders and clarify their mutual relationships. Nature reserves are complex ecosystems involving nature, the economy and society. There exists a conflict between the public welfare benefits of ecological conservation and the private gains to be realized from social and economic development. There also exist in a nature reserve complex relationships among stakeholders, involving the utilization of ecological resources, ecological conservation and ecological-economic interests. The introduction of tourism brings substantial changes to the existing stakeholder benefit structure in a nature reserve. The implementation of tourism ecological compensation (tourism payment for ecological service) is a process for redefining the distribution of rights, responsibilities and profits among stakeholders and it is also an essential way to balance the interests of the stakeholders. This paper uses a case study of Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve in China to examine the characteristics of stakeholders and analyze their interests. According to the method for defining basic attributes proposed by Mitchel and other scholars, in cases of tourism ecological compensation, stakeholders can be classified as definitive stakeholders, expectant stakeholders and latent stakeholders. This paper applies these classifications and then analyzes the relationships between the rights and responsibilities of these stakeholders and how these change after the implementation of compensation. Additionally, based on the impact compensation has on different stakeholders, changes in the relationships can be analyzed and the structure of the stakeholders can be modelled. This case study of the Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve illustrates the operationalization of a new mechanism for tourism ecological compensation. The paper illustrates a method for coordinating the relationships among the stakeholders involved with this national-level nature reserve.

Multi-stakeholder perspectives in defining health-services quality in cataract care.

To develop a method to define a multi-stakeholder perspective on health-service quality that enables the expression of differences in systematically identified stakeholders' perspectives, and to pilot the approach for cataract care. Mixed-method study between 2014 and 2015. Cataract care in the Netherlands. Stakeholder representatives. We first identified and classified stakeholders using stakeholder theory. Participants established a multi-stakeholder perspective on quality of cataract care using concept mapping, this yielded a cluster map based on multivariate statistical analyses. Consensus-based quality dimensions were subsequently defined in a plenary stakeholder session. Stakeholders and multi-stakeholder perspective on health-service quality. Our analysis identified seven definitive stakeholders, as follows: the Dutch Ophthalmology Society, ophthalmologists, general practitioners, optometrists, health insurers, hospitals and private clinics. Patients, as dependent stakeholders, were considered to lack power by other stakeholders; hence, they were not classified as definitive stakeholders. Overall, 18 stakeholders representing ophthalmologists, general practitioners, optometrists, health insurers, hospitals, private clinics, patients, patient federations and the Dutch Healthcare Institute sorted 125 systematically collected indicators into the seven following clusters: patient centeredness and accessibility, interpersonal conduct and expectations, experienced outcome, clinical outcome, process and structure, medical technical acting and safety. Importance scores from stakeholders directly involved in the cataract service delivery process correlated strongly, as did scores from stakeholders not directly involved in this process. Using a case study on cataract care, the proposed methods enable different views among stakeholders concerning quality dimensions to be systematically revealed, and the stakeholders jointly agreed on these dimensions. The methods helped to unify different quality definitions and facilitated operationalisation of quality measurement in a way that was accepted by relevant stakeholders.

Towards an engaged campus

PurposeThis paper aims to measure and rigorously compare the perceptions of South Korean university social engagement between faculty and students, two definitive stakeholders identified by stakeholder theory – but considerably heterogeneous, to understand how South Korean campus embraces social engagement in practice. To that end, this study delves into the conceptual framework of university social engagement and selects a highly internationalized, research-oriented, four-year comprehensive South Korean university campus that has long sought to become engaged in communities as the research site.Design/methodology/approachMethodologically, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to identify the factor model that successfully fit the data of the study. Factorial invariance tests and latent mean analysis were then conducted to measure and strictly compare the between-group mean differences.FindingsAccording to the findings, neither faculty nor students had positive perceptions of their institution’s social engagement in terms of leadership, participatory decision-making, curriculum and instruction, institutional supports and systemic mechanism. That is, two definitive stakeholders on campus similarly perceived that social engagement has not yet been institutionalized as a core value and therefore embraced in practice. Based on these findings, this study discussed several implications for university decision makers. Specifically, the institutionalization of and the need for authentic leadership in university social engagement were emphasized as a means to encourage and facilitate the delivery of practical, beneficial services to the public.Research limitations/implicationsAs with all studies, there are certain limitations that must be noted. The sample for this study represents the experiences and expectations of faculty and students at only one institution. Therefore, the experiences of individuals at this single university are not necessarily representative of all South Korean universities. In addition, given that the public service missions of South Korean universities emanated from Western thoughts (Duke, 2008; Ward, 2003), social engagement in the present study has been discussed and conceptualized according to the dominant Western scholarship.Practical implicationsAs both faculty and students similarly perceived, participatory decision-making and systemic mechanism do not work properly, and therefore, social engagement as an institutional value cannot strongly take root on campus. Based on the scale used, this study identified communication and organizational supports as the likely issues that obstruct the institutionalization of social engagement. In relation to communication, Boyte and Hollander (1999) emphasize that it is important that stakeholders are well aware of the engaged effort of the institution. Then, the voices of stakeholders need to be acknowledged as valuable feedback so that university decision makers and stakeholders can discuss mutually important issues and concerns (Minnesota Higher Education Services Office, 2003). Furthermore, the relevant literature consistently contends that engaged effort can only be productive with continuous and systemic organizational supports (Boyte and Hollander, 1999; Holland, 1997; Minnesota Higher Education Services Office, 2003; Weerts and Sandmann, 2008). That is, the engaged work of teaching, research and service should be thoroughly assessed and reported to stakeholders on a regular basis. The implication in this study is that university decision makers should make greater effort to design and implement policies and regulations that enable organizational supports to continue.Social implicationsFor social engagement to be valued in practice, the relevant literature (Kellogg Commission, 1999; Garlick and Langworthy, 2008; Minnesota Higher Education Services Office, 2003; Peterson, 2009) advises that top institutional leaders need to encourage interdisciplinary scholarship that includes research, teaching and learning; develop incentives to encourage faculty involvement in engaged work; support engagement so that it is incorporated into the curriculum and instruction; and secure funding for engagement. The fundamental insight that these suggestions provide to university decision makers is crystal-clear: social engagement must be authentically prioritized in the decision-making process.Originality/valueThe quantitative and descriptive findings of the study seek to provide one further step toward the objective of establishing the groundwork for future research on university social engagement in Asian context. Further, replication studies with various Asian cases and research designs may results in tangible improvements to the theorization of Asian university social engagement.

Mapping and Analyzing Stakeholders in China’s Essential Drug System by Using a Circular Model: Who We Should Deal with Next?

ObjectivesTo predict the prospects of the essential drug system by using the Stakeholder Impact Index (SII) and evaluate the current performance of each main stakeholder and suggested dangerous stakeholders and dormant stakeholders. MethodsA Delphi method was used, involving 36 experts with experience in implementation and evaluation of the essential drug policy, to construct the circular model as well as evaluate the performance of each stakeholder. ResultsThe central government was a dominant stakeholder of the whole essential drug system. The provincial governments were definitive stakeholders, whereas local governments and medical institutions were dependent stakeholders. Furthermore, media and drug stores were dormant stakeholders and pharmaceutical manufacturers and delivery enterprises were dangerous stakeholders. Patients, community residents, and medical insurance programs were discretionary stakeholders. The SII for the essential drug system was positive (SIIproj⁎ = 2.72). ConclusionsThe overall anticipation of the essential drug policy is optimistic. Letting definitive stakeholders (provincial governments) having more autonomy can efficiently accelerate the pace of implementation of the essential drug policy in the current situation. Central government, however, also needs to construct an experience exchange platform with the aim of building versatile methods for running the essential drug system in all provinces. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and delivery enterprises were dangerous stakeholders for the essential drug policy. Because of their potential threat to the implementation of the policy, the central government should motivate them to support the construction of the essential drug system spontaneously. In that case, provincial governments need to construct a fair, balanced, and self-stabilized bidding platform.

The nation branding opportunities provided by a sport mega-event: South Africa and the 2010 FIFA World Cup

Abstract Over the past decade there has been a growing awareness of the significant impact that hosting sport mega-events can have on a nation׳s brand. This paper discusses the context of nation branding and the role of sport mega-events in generating a nation branding legacy. A nation brand is not owned or controlled by a single organisation, but rather jointly developed and delivered by a network of public and private sector organisations. The examination of both event and brand stakeholder perceptions and experiences post the event was therefore identified as an important research area. The case of South Africa and the 2010 FIFA World Cup was selected as improving the brand image was clearly stated as an aim for the host nation. The paper is based on a qualitative study that featured in-depth interviews conducted with definitive stakeholders from the public and private sectors (n=8), within two of the major host cities of Johannesburg and Cape Town that took place two years post the event. The paper details the perceptions, experiences and reflections of these stakeholders relating to the branding opportunities and the legacy from the event and the degree to which these were leveraged. The paper contends that there are significant branding opportunities for nations beyond merely publicity, brand awareness and short-term perception changes. Greater knowledge and understanding of a brand can be developed through the experiences and engagement of visitors, citizens and members of the international business community, leading to the establishment of a more authentic brand image. Furthermore, there is also the opportunity to use these new image perceptions to position the nation brand for competitive advantage in tourism as well as business and investment sectors. Two key influencing factors of the nation branding legacy were identified, namely the media (including traditional and new media) and the role of local citizens. The discourse surrounding leveraging of legacies is furthered and supported, as it is clear that the success and legacy of the mega-event are a result of strategic activities of stakeholders. A nation branding legacy is therefore a combination of the opportunities provided by the sport mega-event and the strategic intention and activities of stakeholders.

EXPLORING THE ROLES OF STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENT IN CSR PRACTICE

This paper attempt to explore the link between stakeholder engagement and CSR practice considering the best ways of achieving effective CSR implementation and creation of relationship through SE (Stakeholders engagement) which is an element of stakeholder management (Stakeholder management). The issues for consideration under SE are geared towards achieving a meaningful and participatory engagement of stakeholders by effective communication, introduction of an engagement process reflecting items agreed upon for decision making and legitimising or strategising stakeholders needs for organisational goals achievement. SM as a major issue aids in identifying the stakeholders based on their power to influence, urgency of claims and legitimacy of their relationship with the organisation. The identification process is only complete and relevant when the three attributes are utilised for prioritizing the stakeholders as latent, expectant and definitive stakeholders. The paper finally reviewed a three phase approach of stakeholder engagement and brought up a framework for achieving an effective CSR implementation by way of stakeholder engagement.

Stakeholder involvement in the drinking water supply system: a case study of stakeholder analysis in China

Research Article| October 03 2013 Stakeholder involvement in the drinking water supply system: a case study of stakeholder analysis in China Jia Wang; Jia Wang 1Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Jiaoju Ge; Jiaoju Ge 1Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China E-mail: jiaoge@hitsz.edu.cn Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Qiang Lu Qiang Lu 1Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua (2013) 62 (8): 507–514. https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2013.066 Article history Received: March 15 2013 Accepted: September 02 2013 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Permissions Search Site Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsThis Journal Search Advanced Search Citation Jia Wang, Jiaoju Ge, Qiang Lu; Stakeholder involvement in the drinking water supply system: a case study of stakeholder analysis in China. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 1 December 2013; 62 (8): 507–514. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2013.066 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Stakeholder involvement in drinking water supply systems is crucial for the successful management and improvement of drinking water supply systems. However, there is no agreement on stakeholders, their interests, and levels of importance, especially in drinking water supply systems. To achieve efficient stakeholder management, the first step is to understand who the major stakeholders are and what their interests, influence, and relationships are. This paper discusses the role of stakeholders in drinking water supply systems through the consideration of the results of a stakeholder analysis. The primary data were collected from interviews and questionnaires with representatives of stakeholders in Shenzhen, China. The findings indicate that water companies, governments, consumers, and polluting companies are the most important and definitive stakeholders in drinking water supply systems in China. However, their interests, attitudes, and influence on drinking water supply systems are quite different. China, drinking water, stakeholder analysis, water supply system This content is only available as a PDF. © IWA Publishing 2013 You do not currently have access to this content.

Tidal Power Development in Maine: Stakeholder Identification and Perceptions of Engagement

Development of renewable energy affects or is affected by numerous stakeholders. Understanding who the stakeholders are and how they are engaged in the process is necessary for improving the responsible development of renewable energy technologies. Using structured community interviews and in-depth ethnographic research (semi-structured interviews, informal interviews, observations, and document review), we identified and characterized the most salient stakeholders associated with tidal power development in Maine and documented stakeholder perceptions of developer engagement strategies. Stakeholder characterization was facilitated using a framework by Mitchell et al. (The Academy of Management Review 22:853–886, 1997) that characterizes salient stakeholders using attributes of power, urgency, and legitimacy. Key stakeholders identified include fishermen, community members, tribes, regulators, developers, and scientists. Fishermen and regulators are definitive stakeholders, with legitimacy, power, and urgency in the process. Tribes are considered dominant stakeholders; they have legitimacy and power, but their interests are, at this time, not viewed as urgent. Scientists are considered to have urgency and power. The developers viewed their stakeholder engagement strategy as open and transparent. Community stakeholders, regulators, and fishermen generally perceived the developer's approach as effective; they noted the company's accessibility and their efforts to engage stakeholders early and often. Given the dynamic nature of stakeholder salience, our findings highlight the importance of engaging dominant stakeholders so that future conflict can be more easily avoided as new information develops. Our approach can be used to inform stakeholder identification and engagement research in other renewable energy contexts.

PRM90 - Mapping and analyzing stakeholders in china's essential drug operation system by using circular model: Who we should deal with next?

To classify each of the stakeholders in National Essential Drug System(NEDS) in China by three major attributes: power, legitimacy and urgency. To predict the outcome of the whole system by using the Stakeholder Impact Index (SII). To evaluate the current performances of each main stakeholder and identify definitive stakeholders and dangerous stakeholders. To develope a circular model for NEDS based on indexes collected by Delphi method. A circular model has been developed to map all major stakeholders in the NEDS using quantitative data collected by Delphi method involving 36 experts with experience in implementation of essential drug policy were interviewed. The central government in the circular model for essential drug system was a dominant stakeholder of the whole stakeholder system. The provincial governments were definitive stakeholders while local governments and medical institutions were dependent stakeholders. Furthermore, media and drug stores were dormant stakeholders, pharmaceutical manufacturers and distribution enterprises were dangerous stakeholders. Patients, community residents and medical insurance programs were discretionary stakeholders. The Stakeholder Impact Index for the NEDS was positive (SIIproj = 2.72). Our finding indicates that the overall anticipation of national essential drug policy is optimistic. Provincial governments, which should be in the position of leading the implementation of essential drug policy, need to be given more autonomy and the constrcution of an experience exchanging platform within provinces in the form of annual symposium, seasonal meeting, learning class or video conferences may accelerate the pace of implementation of national essential drug policy. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and distribution enterprises should be taken more seriously care of in order to make sure they follow the policy rather than devastate it for their own benefits. Constructing a fare, balanced and self-sustained bidding platform may be the key solution for preventing such a phenomenon.

The Influence of CSR Disclosure Structure on Corporate Financial Performance: Evidence from Stakeholders’ Perspectives

This study aims to understand the potential influence of CSR disclosure structure on corporate financial performance. Content analyses had been carried out on the 2009-2011 annual reports of the leading 30 public listed companies in Malaysia. For terms of methodology, sentence count was used as a unit of analysis to measure disclosure depth, while a finer-grained analysis of the CSR disclosure structure was performed to measure disclosure breadth and disclosure concentration. There was found to be a significant relationship between CSR disclosure structure and the corporate financial performance in the subsequent year. The results suggest that good financial performers are those companies that display a relatively high breadth of disclosure, while at the same time demonstrate the ability to disclose a concentrated structure of CSR disclosure to the definitive stakeholders. The findings of this study imply that it is not the volume of disclosure that matters, but the variety of items disclosed and concentration to the definitive stakeholders. On one hand, the study findings generally offer insights into the workings of successful reporting strategies for business organisations in Malaysia, while on the other hand, the study does provide inputs pertaining to the betterment of the CSR framework, for Bursa Malaysia and the relevant regulatory bodies to deliberate upon.

Developing a revised QFD technique to meet the needs of multiple-customer groups: a case of public policy analysis

The objective of this paper is to develop a revised quality function deployment (QFD) to meet the needs of multiple-customer groups by using Mitchell et al.’s [(1997). Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts. Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 853–886] stakeholder theory. For the modern enterprise, the capability of providing customer-requested qualified products and services equates to a competitive advantage. To this end, QFD was developed as a set of systematic tools to satisfy customers' needs; however, most previous studies related to QFD deployment processes have dealt only with the issue of how to satisfy the demands of single-customer groups, with no consideration given to ways in which to satisfy the needs of multiple-customer groups. This study tries to develop a revised QFD technique in order to meet the needs of multiple-customer groups by using Mitchell's stakeholder theory. This revised QFD technique includes three deployment processes for satisfying multiple customers' needs, in relation to the following stakeholder types: latent stakeholders, expectant stakeholders and definitive stakeholders. In order to demonstrate how the proposed technique works, an empirical case study is conducted using a policy analysis for the construction of the No. 5 National Highway in Taiwan.