Definite Moment Research Articles

Freedom Trees

Abstract: An essay using the image, history, and cultural connections of the linden tree to examine its role within countries and historical events. The linden tree is considered the oldest tree in the world and has been witness to several of history's definitive moments. The author describes how different cultures have utilized the help of the linden trees through its natural properties. In juxtaposition, there is an examination on the impact of the empires on the lindens and the current livelihood these empires provide the narrator. The author also uses this collected history to examine their connection to the linden tree through personal anecdotes while living in Philadelphia.

QUANTUM BLACK HOLES IN THE EXPANDING UNIVERSE

In the expanding Universe, the evolution of quantum black holes with the modified Schwarzschild and Reissner–Nordström geometries is considered. All quantum black holes at definite moments of the cosmological time lose event horizons and are transformed to gravitating objects with masses M.

Guanti bianchi technique for resection of selected pituitary adenomas

IntroductionSince the introduction of the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) to skull base, the nasal phase has been a true challenge as it represents the moment of definition of the corridor, thus defining the instruments maneuverability at tumor removal phase. The longstanding cooperation between ENT and neurosurgeons have provided the possibility of creating adequate corridor with maximal respect toward nasal structures and mucosa. This sparked the idea of entering the sella as thieves, so we named “Guanti Bianchi” technique a lesser invasive variation of the approach for the removal of selected pituitary adenoma. Research QuestionThe purpose of this study is to present the preliminary results of “Guanti Bianchi” technique. Material and MethodsData from 17 patients undergoing “Guanti Bianchi” technique (out of 235 standard EEA) at our center, were retrospectively analysed. ASK Nasal-12, a quality-of-life instrument developed specifically to assess patient perception of nasal morbidity, was administered pre- and postoperatively. Results10 (59%) patients were men and 7 (41%) women. The mean age was 67.7 (range 35-88). The average duration of the surgical procedure was 71.17 minutes (range 45-100). GTR was achieved in all patients, no postoperative complications were observed. Baseline ASK Nasal-12 was near normal in all patients, 3/17 (17,6%) experienced transitory very mild symptoms without any worsening at 3 and 6 months. Discussion and ConclusionsThis minimally invasive technique does not require turbinectomy or carving of the nasoseptal flap, it alters the nasal mucosa as little as necessary, and it is quick and easy to perform.

Применение метода ипотечно-инвестиционного анализа для оценки рыночной стоимости земельных участков, обремененных непогашенными заемными средствами

Purpose: To consider the matter on the necessity to apply mortgage-investment analysis method for to assess market value of lands burdened with outstanding loans. To show the possibility to write down calculation formulas both given and not-given changes in a net operating income and in an asset value of being estimated land; to offer calculation formula variants for mortgage-investment analysis traditional techniques. To give recommendations on the assessment of price-forming indicator series. To classify mortgage-investment analysis method at its application for land market value cost evaluation. Methods: Market comparisons; mortgage-investment analysis; capitalization of land rent; capitalization by calculation models of assumed usage, investment group, debt coverage coefficient. Akerson, Elwood, residue. Results: The need to improve the methodology parameters is indicated. It’s established which calculation formulas of the methodology require an actualization due to the changes occurred in a land rent since the moment of initial definition of the values of given quantities. To increase the calculation result reliability it’s necessary to account for a big variability of the land exploitation conditions. Practical importance: There is given a composition for the method of capitalization by calculating models. The possibility to write down calculating formulas both given and not given changes of net operating income and asset value of being estimated land is demonstrated. It is proposed application sphere expansion for land rent capitalization method. The methodologies can be recommended for a practical use.

Banal Profundity and Profound Banality

Focusing on performance that functions outside explicitly theatrical frames, art installations staged in Hong Kong between June and October 2020 progress a broader view of Hong Kong’s complex development as global financial center, creative hub, and meeting point between “East” and “West.” Artists Mark Chung, Nadim Abbas, and Christopher Ho interrogate Hong Kong at a historically definitive moment, allowing audiences to study what constitutes “home” beyond what conventional academic analyses, traditional publishing outlets, and social media allow.

Assessment of the Usefulness of Spectral Bands for the Next Generation of Sentinel-2 Satellites by Reconstruction of Missing Bands

The Sentinel-2 constellation has been providing high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution optical imagery of the continental surfaces since 2015. The spatial and temporal resolution improvements that Sentinel-2 brings with respect to previous systems have been demonstrated in both the literature and operational applications. On the other hand, the spectral capabilities of Sentinel-2 appear to have been exploited to a limited extent only. At the moment of definition of the new generation of Sentinel-2 satellites, an assessment of the usefulness of the current available spectral bands seems appropriate. In this work, we investigate the unique information contained by each 20 m resolution Sentinel-2 band. A statistical quantitative approach is adopted in order to yield conclusions that are application agnostic: multivariate regression is used to reconstruct some bands, using the others as predictors. We conclude that, for most observed surfaces, it is possible to reconstruct the reflectances of most red edge or NIR bands from the rest of the observed bands with an accuracy within the radiometric requirements of Sentinel-2. Removing two of those bands could be possible at the cost of slightly higher reconstruction errors. We also identify mission scenarios for which several of the current Sentinel-2 bands could be removed for the next generation of sensors.

Witnessing latent time correlations with a single quantum particle

When a noisy communication channel is used multiple times, the errors occurring at different times generally exhibit correlations. Classically, these correlations do not affect the evolution of individual particles: a single classical particle can only traverse the channel at a definite moment of time, and its evolution is insensitive to the correlations between subsequent uses of the channel. In stark contrast, here we show that a single quantum particle can sense the correlations between multiple uses of a channel at different moments of time. In an extreme example, we show that a channel that outputs white noise when the particle is sent at a definite time can exhibit correlations that enable a perfect transmission of classical bits when the particle is sent at a superposition of two times. In contrast, we show that, in the lack of correlations, a single particle sent at a superposition of two times undergoes an effective channel with classical capacity of at most 0.16 bits. When multiple transmission lines are available, time correlations can be used to simulate the application of quantum channels in a coherent superposition of alternative causal orders, and even to provide communication advantages that are not accessible through the superposition of causal orders.

The spontaneous emission rate determination of a molecule near a perfect conductive wall

In this paper, the formalism describing the spontaneous emission rate of an excited molecule (or atom) with definite transition electric dipole moment, in vicinity of a perfect conductive wall is developed. Separately, for molecules (or atoms) with the electric dipole moment parallel and perpendicular to the wall, the spontaneous emission rate of the molecule is calculated in two ways: (1) by using the explicit form of the vector potential operator in the Fermi' golden rule and taking the expectation value in vacuum state and (2) by considering the relation between the spontaneous emission rate and the vector potential Green function, and calculating the required Green function components of the space at the presence of a perfect conductive wall. The two methods yield the same expression for the spontaneous emission rate. The agreement of the results with some previous works is shown and the variations of the spontaneous emission rate for each dipole moment orientation are demonstrated.

Архимандрит Зосима: способы презентации в светской и духовной среде

The presentation of a church leader by the example of Archimandrite Zosima, a missionary of Krasnoufimsky district in Russia in the post-reform period has been considered in the article. The author tries to reconstruct the peculiarities of self-presenting in everyday life of this church figure, known as the founder of a large monastery and at the same time as the hero of a scandal, convicted for debauchery of youth. In modern historical and religious studies dedicated to the leaders of the Russian Church of the post-reform period, actual cultural interpretations are rarely used. The study of available sources, first of all of archival documents remained in the funds of the State Archives of Perm Territory, made it possible to restore a number of features of Zosima's presentation aimed both at the masses of population of the district and at highranking secular and religious officials. The novelty of the article is characterized by the introduction of new archival and museum sources into circulation and by the address to the methodology of sociologist Irving Hoffmann in order to understand the historical meaning of the studied phenomenon. A wide range of social problems at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries is considered on the basis of Zosima’s case. The author explains the success of Archimandrite Zosima presentation not so much by his personal charisma and talents as by the peculiarities of the religious culture of Russian Orthodoxy in the post-reform period. Using the model of Orthodoxy proposed by Antonio Gramsci, one can see the potential demand for the figures of "holy elders" to whom believers who were not only at the first (popular), but also at the middle (book) level of the Orthodox religion could turn for spiritual support and exhortation. The success of Zosima's presentation was connected with the central place of the monastery created by him and could not be separated from his image. The images constructed by him were corresponded with the expectations of the common people and a part of the educated public. He was able to choose effectively the "wings" and play his part in the definite moment of time in accordance with the arranged scenery

The calculation of the atomic spontaneous emission rate between two dielectric slabs

In this paper, the spontaneous emission rate of an excited atom between the two dispersive and dissipative dielectric slabs is determined. It is assumed that the atom has a definite transition electric dipole moment, and the dielectric function of the slabs is an arbitrarily complex function of frequency satisfying Kramers–Kronig relations. In this research, by noting to the connection between the spontaneous emission rate and the imaginary part of the vector potential Green function, only by evaluating the vector potential Green function tensor of the system of the two slabs, an expression for the spontaneous emission rate is introduced. In this formalism, it is needless to derive the vacuum electric field operator. The emission rate is obtained in terms of the dielectric function, the thickness and the distance between the slabs. By considering a Lorentz model for the dielectric function of the slabs, the typical spatial variations of the spontaneous emission rate between the two slabs are demonstrated.

Rechazar y retirar el tratamiento al final de la vida: complejidades éticas que involucran a pacientes que carecen de capacidad para tomar decisiones

Obtener el consentimiento válido, libre e informado no siempre es fácil. Presupone, por un lado, la divulgación de información justa, clara y apropiada, y, por otro, la capacidad de comprenderla lo más adecuadamente posible y luego tomar una decisión. Entonces, cuando un paciente tiene impedimentos cognitivos en el largo plazo y carece de la capacidad independiente para tomar o comunicar una decisión, y cuando esta decisión se trata del final de su vida, el consentimiento puede ser muy complejo. ¿Cómo hacerlo bien? El presente artículo no ofrece «la» solución, pero analiza el tema en el marco legal y ético francés. El desafío es encontrar una línea divisoria entre la beneficencia, el respeto a la autonomía y el rechazo de la «obstinación irrazonable» (que define lainutilidad en la legislación francesa). La beneficencia podría significar retirar (o retener) los tratamientos médicos en curso (quimioterapia, radioterapia, etcétera) cuando se vuelven cada vez más ineficaces y, además, son agresivos e intrusivos para el paciente (lo que conlleva una disminución de su calidad de vida). Pero cuando el paciente no puede consentir o parece estar en desacuerdo, ¿cómo podemos seguir adelante? La contribución examinará, primero, el valor de la toma de decisiones y del consentimiento del paciente en la atención médica y, luego, el papel que la familia y los cuidadores pueden desempeñar para apoyarlos. Dado que la muerte es un momento único y definitivo, no debemos olvidar que, a menudo, la experiencia de los familiares con el paciente condiciona tanto el proceso de toma de decisiones como su proceso de duelo. Finalmente, se examinarán y discutirán tres situaciones clínicas específicas, en las que se debe tomar una decisión con respecto a la retención y retirada de los tratamientos: cuando un paciente está consciente, cuando está inconsciente y no tiene instrucciones anticipadas, cuando rechaza el tratamiento a sabiendas. La lucha consiste en saber qué es lo que realmente le importa a la persona moribunda, para poder respetar sus deseos.

CONJUCTIONLESS SEQUENCES OF SUCCESSIVE ACTIONS AS MEANS OF EXPRESSION OF SEMELFACTIVITY OF AN ACTION IN GERMAN

The aspectological context of sequences of successive actions is considered to be very important for expressing actional meaning of boundedness of an action in German. The sequences of successive actions are characterized by the meanings of temporal contact and semelfactivity of the corresponding actions as well as their correlation with a definite moment of time. The aim of the paper is to investigate the influence of conjuctionless sequences of successive actions on the expression of semantics of an bounded semelfactive action with the help of nonbounded or just potentially bounded verbs. There are identified lexical-semantical groups of verbs that can express the meaning of the bounded semelfactive action in the respective context as well as the frequency of using of sequences of successive actions as the main means of expression for expressing the bounded semantics of semelfactivity of an action in the analyzed works in German. In the paper the sequences of successive actions are analyzed that are realized in the multi-component sentences with one subject, in the conjuctionless multi-component sentences with different subjects and in the syntactical structures where we can distinguish between adjacent sentences that may be parts of different paragraphs and reactions to direct speech. Based on the obtained data we consider the sequences of successive actions to be situated near the near-core zone of the functional-semantic microfield of semelfactivity of an action in German.

Indefinite-Mean Pareto Photon Distribution from Amplified Quantum Noise.

Extreme events appear in many physics phenomena, whenever the probability distribution has a "heavy tail" differing very much from the equilibrium one. Most unusual are the cases of power-law (Pareto) probability distributions. Among their many manifestations in physics, from "rogue waves" in the ocean to Lévy flights in random walks, Pareto dependences can follow very different power laws. For some outstanding cases, the power exponents are less than 2, leading to indefinite values not only for higher moments but also for the mean. Here we present the first evidence of indefinite-mean Pareto distribution of photon numbers at the output of nonlinear effects pumped by parametrically amplified vacuum noise, known as bright squeezed vacuum (BSV). We observe a Pareto distribution with power exponent 1.31 when BSV is used as a pump for supercontinuum generation, and other heavy-tailed distributions (however, with definite moments) when it pumps optical harmonics generation. Unlike in other fields, we can flexibly control the Pareto exponent by changing the experimental parameters. This extremely fluctuating light is interesting for ghost imaging and for quantum thermodynamics as a resource to produce more efficiently nonequilibrium states by single-photon subtraction, the latter of which we demonstrate experimentally.

Interaction of nicotine with morphine potency in Paramecium caudatum

AimsMany studies have been carried out about the interaction between nicotine and morphine in higher animals. Although previous behavioral and pharmacological evidence indicated the presence of opioid system in protozoa, there is no available data about nicotine effect on the potency of morphine in eukaryotic unicellular organisms such as protozoa. Hence, this work aims to investigate the interaction of nicotine with morphine in the protozoan Paramecium caudatum. Main methodsAccording to our innovative model, the movement behavior of P. caudatum was investigated with a numerical scale using the Sedgewick-Rafter counting chamber at the field of view of 4X light microscope objective lens, such that the difference in number of Paramecia cells at definite moments after injection of drugs/substances was considered as a criterion for the behavioral response of P. caudatum. Key findingsResults indicated the variations of morphine potency at the dose of 2 μg morphine accompanied by different doses of nicotine in P. caudatum so that the highest aggregation of Paramecia cells occurred at the dose of 2 μg morphine + 4 μg nicotine. SignificanceThis confirmed that in eukaryotic unicellular organisms such as P. caudatum, nicotine can reinforce the morphine potency in a dose-dependent manner.

Broadband and e-Commerce in the Balkans - Econometric Analysis

Broadband telecommunications are pointed out as one of the fundamental acceleration factors for economic development. Through the broadband technology, information can be sent along multiple channels, which allows more information to be transmitted at a definite moment. One of the applications of this technology is internet commerce. The scientific aim of this publication is the quantitative assessment of factor influences between broadband networks and electronic sales, and their characteristics in the Balkan states. The used methodology of the research is built upon the cointegration approach. Both long-term, static influences are assessed, and the short-term dynamics. Databases of the International telecommunication union, the World bank, Eurostat and Euromonitor are used. The research relates to the period from 2007 to 2018. The beginning of the research period is consistent with the issuance by the European commission of Recommendation C (2007) 5406, in connection with Directive 2002/21/EC. The calculations in the present publication are accomplished by means of Microsoft Excel, EViews 10. The results from the research are useful for governmental and regulatory bodies of the separate states, during the development of policies in this sphere.

Start Again vs. "End Again": Breaking the Cycle of Violence in Pinter's Ashes to Ashes

This essay examines the possibility of redemption and healing from the powerful presence of the Holocaust atrocity Harold Pinter offers through his female protagonist, Rebecca, in Ashes to Ashes. Postulating Devlin’s demand to have her “[k]iss [his] fist” as his attempt to perpetuate the vicious cycle of violence, this essay interprets Rebecca’s rejection of Devlin’s request as her struggle to stop the repetition and expansion of memories of atrocity in which she has been kept entrapped. Rebecca’s refusal to oblige Devlin with his request is a definitive moment in their power struggle in that she no longer needs to “start again” and thereby allow him to continue to instill a sense of guilt in her as a victim of sexual abuse. By resisting Devlin’s endeavor to circle back to the topic of her ex-lover and keep her recognizing the essentially mutable and versatile nature of her self, Rebecca manages to “end again” and begin to dictate the terms of her future existence. That Rebecca refuses to “start again” does not necessarily mean that she has the power to end once and for all. What she is really interested in is ending “again and again and again,” which means that she can take the subject position of a victim as well as other subject positions whenever and if necessary. Nonetheless, it does not have to happen on Devlin’s terms now that she has recognized that they “started . . . a long time ago.” From now on, they can break the “[l]ong silence” and start “end[ing] again” only when she wants to.

Kinesiotaping as one of the methods of treatment of low back pain syndrome

About 80 % of adults feel pain in their backs at a definite moment of life. That’s also the most frequent reason why people lose their efficiency. It’s also the key factor due to which workable people miss their working days. Recently, the frequency of sickness rate of low back pain syndrome is getting higher and higher. For examples, according to the data of the organization, which aims at analyzing pathological conditions and diseases, which cause death or looseness of efficiency, in 1990 in the USA, low back pain syndrome took the sixth place, but in 2010 back pain went up to the third place, giving the way only to ischemic heart disease (IHD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). So, we can imagine how common, widespread and serious for modern world became the problem of back pain. That’s why, only now doctors throughout the world are starting to form their separate individual researches into one qualitative and useful list of recommendations to begin an effective fight with this serious medical and social problem. Kinesiotaping (“kinesio” – movement + “tape”) – is an effective treatment and rehabilitation method of muscle and joints injuries with the help of special elastic tapes – namely kinesio tapes. The article focuses on the method of kinesiotaping and the ways of its usage for treating low back pain syndrome. The research also highlights the history of appearance and development of kinesiotaping as a method of treatment, physiological features of kinesio tape and ways of its usage in everyday medical practice. Besides analyzing recent researches in this field we provide descriptions of three clinical cases from our own medical practice which proves the effectiveness of kinesiotaping in the complex treatment of low back pain syndrome. After deep analysis of the patients’ condition we can state that due to kinesiotaping which is used together with other physiotherapeutic methods and exercises, they recover quickly than those who do not undergo kinesiotaping procedures.

On the manifestation of effect of delayed acceleration of the transient process during 180° pulsed magnetization reversal of real ferrite–garnet films with planar anisotropy

The regime of 180° pulsed magnetization reversal of ferrite–garnet films with planar anisotropy in the region of external fields, in which the mechanism of uniform rotation of the magnetization operates, is investigated for the first time. An analysis of the numerical solutions of the Landau–Lifshitz equation and the calculated and experimentally obtained signals showed that the presence of biaxial anisotropy in real ferrite–garnet films leads to the fact that at finite duration of the remagnetizing pulse front the initial slow rotation at definite moment of time is sharply accelerated so that over an interval of ~0.7 ns the azimuthal angle changes from 45° to the equilibrium value (160°–170°). As a result, appearence of the nonlinear damped oscillations of magnetization with a fundamental harmonic period of ~1.5 ns become possible.

The core variety of a multisequence in the truncated moment problem

Let β≡β(m)={βi}i∈Z+n,|i|≤m, β0>0, denote a real n-dimensional multisequence of finite degree m. The Truncated Moment Problem concerns the existence of a positive Borel measure μ, supported in Rn, such that(0.1)βi=∫Rnxidμ (i∈Z+n, |i|≤m). We associate to β≡β(2d) an algebraic variety in Rn called the core variety, V≡V(β). The core variety contains the support of each representing measure μ. We show that if V is nonempty, then β(2d−1) has a representing measure. Moreover, if V is a nonempty compact or determining set, then β(2d) has a representing measure. We also use the core variety to exhibit a sequence β, with positive definite moment matrix and positive Riesz functional, which fails to have a representing measure.

Is Feminism Yet a Theory of the Kind That Marxism Is?

On Catharine MacKinnon’s view, feminism aspires to be a theory of the kind that Marxism is: a theory of the organisation of the social world as sex hierarchy, just as Marxism is a theory of the organisation of the social world as class hierarchy. In 1982, MacKinnon observed that feminism was not yet such a theory, and set out to make it one. She did this by developing a theory of sexuality as to feminism what work is to Marxism. If one shares MacKinnon’s view that feminism aspires to be a theory of the kind that Marxism is, then one sees MacKinnon as, with her theory of sexuality, creating, albeit in beginning form, a feminist theory. One thus considers MacKinnon’s theory of sexuality a definitive moment in the history of feminist theory. Yet, for all its importance, no one, neither critics nor proponents, has analysed this theory on its own terms. It is therefore not clear whether MacKinnon’s theory of sexuality succeeds, and so whether feminism is yet a theory of the kind that Marxism is. In the spirit of progressing MacKinnon’s project, in this paper, I return to her theory and consider whether it succeeds.