Definition Of Trauma Research Articles

Is racism like other trauma exposures? Examining the unique mental health effects of racial/ethnic discrimination on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

Although scholars have increasingly drawn attention to the potentially traumatic nature of racial/ethnic discrimination, diagnostic systems continue to omit these exposures from trauma definitions. This study contributes to this discussion by examining the co-occurrence of conventional forms of potentially traumatic experiences (PTEs) with in-person and online forms of racism-based potentially traumatic experiences (rPTEs) like racial/ethnic discrimination. Additionally, we investigated the unique association of rPTEs with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), accounting for demographics and other PTEs. Participants were (N = 570) 12-to-17-year-old (Mage = 14.53; 51.93% female) ethnoracially minoritized adolescents (54.21% Black; 45.79% Latiné). Youth completed online surveys of PTEs, in-person and online rPTEs, and mental health. Bivariate analyses indicated that youth who reported in-person and online rPTEs were more likely to experience all conventional PTEs. Accounting for demographics and conventional PTEs, in-person and online rPTEs were significantly associated with PTSD (in-person: aOR = 2.60, 95% CI [1.39, 4.86]; online: aOR = 2.74, 95% CI [1.41, 5.34]) and GAD (in-person: aOR = 2.94, 95% CI [1.64, 5.29]; online: aOR = 2.25, 95% CI [1.24, 4.04]) and demonstrated the strongest effect sizes of all trauma exposures. In-person, but not online, rPTEs were linked with an increased risk for MDD (aOR = 4.47, 95% CI [1.77, 11.32]). Overall, rPTEs demonstrated stronger associations with PTSD, MDD, and GAD compared to conventional PTEs. Findings align with racial trauma frameworks proposing that racial/ethnic discrimination is a unique traumatic stressor with distinct mental health impacts on ethnoracially minoritized youth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychometric Properties of the Danish International Trauma Questionnaire-Child and Adolescent Version (ITQ-CA).

With the introduction of the ICD-11 diagnostic manual, the need for developing and validating new assessment instruments has become urgent. The International Trauma Questionnaire-Child and Adolescent version(ITQ-CA) assesses posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) based on the ICD-11 diagnostic definition. This study examines the psychometric properties of the Danish version of the ITQ-CA in a non-clinical sample of 226 adolescents. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to study the effects of gender, age, trauma exposure, family dysfunction, and SDQ variables on PTSD and Disturbances in Self-Organization (DSO). Results showed that 16 participants (7%) met the ITQ-CA criteria for CPTSD and 11 (5.7%) for PTSD. The full model of gender, age, family dysfunction, trauma exposure, and SDQ variables was found to predict PTSD and DSO. The present study supports the validity of the Danish version of the ITQ-CA and represents an important step of establishing and applying validated tools for assessing PTSD and CPTSD in children and adolescents. The results also underscore the need for a broader trauma definition. Future research should examine the sensitivity of the ITQ-CA.

Testing a Novel Trauma-Informed Treatment for Anger and Aggression Following Military-Related Betrayal: Design and Methodology of a Clinical Trial.

Difficulty controlling anger is a common postdeployment problem in military personnel. Chronic and unregulated anger can lead to inappropriate aggression and is associated with behavioral health, legal, employment, and relationship problems for military service members. Military-related betrayal (e.g., military sexual assault, insider attacks) is experienced by over a quarter of combat service members and is associated with chronic anger and aggression. The high level of physical risk involved in military deployments make interconnectedness and trust in the military organization of utmost importance for survival during missions. While this has many protective functions, it also creates a vulnerability to experiencing military-related betrayal. Betrayal is related to chronic anger and aggression. Individuals with betrayal-related injuries express overgeneralized anger, irritability, blaming others, expectations of injustice, inability to forgive others, and ruminations of revenge. Current approaches to treating anger and aggression in military populations are inadequate. Standard anger treatment is not trauma-informed and does not consider the unique cultural context of anger and aggression in military populations, therefore is not well suited for anger stemming from military-related betrayal. While trauma-informed interventions targeting anger for military personnel exist, anger outcomes are mixed, and aggression and interpersonal functioning outcomes are poor. Also, these anger interventions are designed for patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. However, not all military-related betrayal meets the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition-5 definition of trauma, though it may still lead to chronic anger and aggression. As a result, these patients lack access to treatment that appropriately targets the function of their anger and aggression. This manuscript describes rationale, design, and methodology of a pilot clinical trial examining Countering Chronic Anger and Aggression Related to Trauma and Transgressions (CART). CART is a transdiagnostic, transgression-focused intervention for military personnel who have experienced military-related betrayal, targeting chronic anger and aggression, and improving interpersonal relationships. The pilot study will use an interrupted timeseries design, where participants are randomized to a 2-, 3-, or 4-week minimal contact waitlist before starting treatment. This design maximizes the sample size so that all participants receive the treatment and act as their own control, while maintaining a robust design via stepped randomization. This trial aims to (1) test the acceptability and feasibility of CART, (2) test whether CART reduces anger and aggression in military personnel with a history of military-related betrayal, and (3) test whether CART improves interpersonal functioning. The primary feasibility outcome will be the successful recruitment, enrollment, and initiation of 40 participants. Primary outcome measures include the Client Satisfaction Survey-8, the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2, Overt Aggression Scale-Modified, and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Short Version. If outcomes show feasibility, acceptability, and initial effectiveness, CART will demonstrate a culturally relevant treatment for chronic anger, the most frequent postdeployment problem, in a sample of active duty service members who have suffered a military betrayal. The DoD will also have an evidence-based treatment option focusing on interpersonal functioning, including relationships within the military and within families.

Tracheal tube introducer-associated airway trauma: asystematic review.

Tracheal tube introducers are recommended in airway management guidelines and are used increasingly as videolaryngoscopy becomes more widespread. This systematic review aimed to summarise the published literature concerning tracheal tube introducer-associated airway trauma. PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL databases were searched using pre-determined criteria. Two authors independently assessed search results and performed data extraction and risk of bias assessments. We included 16 randomised controlled trials and five observational studies involving 10,797 patients. There was heterogeneity in patient characteristics, airway manipulation, and airway trauma definition and measurement. One study investigated hyperangulated videolaryngoscopy. The standard stylet was the most commonly reported introducer, followed by bougie and stylets with additional features such as video or lighted tip. Airway trauma resulted in low harm and most frequently involved injuries to the upper airway, followed by laryngeal and tracheobronchial injuries. Eighteen studies were comparative and reported a reduction in airway trauma incidence when an introducer was used, with the exception of the standard stylet. Median (IQR [range]) pooled incidence of airway trauma associated with standard stylets was 13.1% (4.2-31.4 [0.5-79.2])% and with bougies was 5.4% (0.4-49.9 [0.0-68.0])%. The risk of bias of included studies was variable and many randomised trials were found to be at high risk due to non-robust measurement of the outcome. Stylets might be associated with an increased risk of airway trauma compared with other devices or when no stylet was used, though the quality of evidence is modest. However, other introducers appear to be safe and reduce the risk of airway trauma.

Development of an educational booklet on how to prevent nipple trauma during breastfeeding

Early interruption of exclusive breastfeeding due to nipple trauma has an impact on the lives of mother and baby. In this manner, the sharing of information through the creation of an educational booklet encourages the continuation of breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to develop an educational booklet on how to prevent nipple trauma during breastfeeding. This is a methodological study carried out in May 2024 and divided into two stages, integrative review in the PubMed, SciELO and LILACS databases, and development of an educational booklet using the ibisPaint X application and the Canva program. The booklet was entitled “Breastfeeding: learn how to prevent nipple trauma”. The booklet included information on: definition of breastfeeding and benefits for the baby and mother, types of nipple, definition of nipple trauma and causes, breastfeeding positions, positioning of the baby, attachment of the baby, steps of attachment, and how to heal nipple trauma. The booklet consisted of a 12 pages. In conclusion, the educational technology was successfully developed, but it will be necessary to conduct content validation to be used by healthcare workers to promote the prevention of nipple trauma.

Trauma-Informed Care Addressing the Mental and Emotional Needs of Patients With Cancer.

The oncology care environment includes a wide range of traumatic physical and emotional experiences that can be challenging for patients and healthcare providers. This article aims to establish a knowledge base about the trauma-informed care (TIC) approach in oncology care. This article provides a literature-based overview of TIC as a model of care for patients with cancer, informed by definitions of trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, and adverse childhood experiences. This review is based on clinical studies, expertise, and evidence-based guidelines. Based on a foundation of care for patients with cancer, nurses can apply TIC to clinical oncology practice. To illustrate TIC in practice, this article includes a case study, nursing approaches, implications, the TIC model of care, and resources. When applied to care, TIC benefits patients, staff, and organizations.

Drysfeydd y Cymoedd: 1 The Sub-Topographies of South Wales Valleys’ Industrial Crises

In Unclaimed Experience: Trauma, Narrative, and History, Cathy Caruth defines as traumatic our encounters not with life-threatening events but with those that cause a break in our perception of time. She explains that the memory of trauma is always fleeting, leaving connections with the time and place of traumatic occurrence fragile and obscure. Caruth’s definitions shape the work of contemporary geographers who argue that trauma is fundamentally unmappable. Does trauma’s relationship to space change when traumatization becomes repetitive and systematic? To explore systematic traumatization’s relationship to space, I adopt Lauren Berlant’s trauma definition as a crisis of ordinariness and revisit the South Wales Valleys region and its coal mining history as traumatic and contested. Using the exceptional Aberfan 1966 disaster as a starting point, I investigate a more “common” industrial crisis of the same period and explore its relationship to the industrial space by analyzing its discursive and drawing records. In this journey, sketching out the spatial qualities of the colliery’s maze is crucial for understanding the crisis’ occurrence, its belatedness and commemoration.

Evaluating Content, Quality, and Adequacy of Maxillofacial Trauma Videos on YouTube

Aim: The study aimed to analyze the content, quality and adequacy of information on YouTube videos regarding maxillofacial trauma. Material and Methods: The keyword “maxillofacial trauma” was obtained from Google Trends, YouTube was then searched, and 200 videos were selected to be analyzed for the study. Of the 200 videos, 108 were found eligible and then rated for quality and adequacy. After evaluating the demographic features of the videos, the viewing rates of the videos were determined. The quality of the videos was assessed by the Information Quality Index (VIQI) and the Global Quality Scale (GQS). The videos were categorized as low and high-content groups using a 16-point score system. Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson chi-square test and Fisher-Freeman-Halton were used for statistical analysis. Results: The vast majority of YouTube videos were uploaded by healthcare professionals (55.6%). The low content videos were classified as 88 videos (81.5%) and 20 videos (18.5%) as high content. The anatomic structures were the most covered topic (43.5%), followed by trauma area (40.7%), treatment procedure (32.4%), intraoral complications (31.5%), and definition of maxillofacial trauma (30.6%). A lower percentage of videos (13.9%) mentioned post-operative. Prognosis and survival (17.6%) were another low finding. The high-content video group had a significantly higher median value of GQS and VIQI score. A positive correlation was obtained from the total content score along with the total VIQI (r=0.792, p<0.001) and GQS (r=0.778, p<0.001) score and also it was determined that there was a statistically significant positive correlation between VIQI and GQS scores (r=0.930, p<0.001). Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the need for improved content quality and accuracy of YouTube videos on maxillofacial trauma, particularly for layperson audiences. This could be achieved through collaboration between healthcare professionals, commercial entities, laypersons and YouTube to create, review, and promote reliable educational content. By doing so, YouTube can become a more valuable resource for patient education and awareness regarding maxillofacial trauma management and treatment.

Navigating Vicarious Trauma: The Importance of Planning, Teaching, and Delivering Vicarious Trauma Training to Support Law Students and the Legal Profession

The significant effects of Vicarious Trauma (VT) are now being recognised in various professions, including law where the requirement for trauma informed practice’”[1] is now starting to be recognised. VT can be defined as: “a process of change resulting from empathetic engagement with trauma survivors. Anyone who engages empathetically with survivors of traumatic incidents, torture, and material relating to their trauma, is potentially affected” . Trauma- informed practice then focusses on how to work with those who have been impacted by their traumatic experience as a result of exposure to reading, writing, and hearing details of cases that they deal with. This may lead to a one-off feeling of despair or may be the result of the cumulative effect from working constantly with complicated, sensitive, and emotional materials and people. The legal professional may take on the emotions of a client and experience trauma that puts them in the place of the individual that they are trying to assist. Certain areas of the profession may be more prone to such experiences, for example criminal lawyers dealing with such cases as murder, manslaughter, and serious sexual offences. These feelings can be overwhelming, even for the most experienced practitioner. VT too, may also be experienced by students participating in Clinical Legal Education (CLE) undertaken in universities, again impacting on those involved in criminal case work where students have their first exposure to complicated and sensitive cases. This article considers the experience of members of the Criminal Justice Clinic (CJC), within the Open University (OU) and looks at the scope and impact of the VT training that is being delivered and its importance in preserving students’ mental well-being. Added is the factor of this being an online only clinic where isolation can also be an issue. There is a need to provide VT training to support the mental welfare of students, and staff alike. This training is paramount to the success of the CJC and is pivotal to any CLE provision and should be expanded to the law curriculum and onto legal practice. This article argues that the experience in the CJC demonstrates that there is a need for professional legal education to recognise and address the incidence of VT and to provide skills to those who may be affected. Consideration is given to measures that should be adopted in the delivery of CLE to support students participating in pro bono projects. This should carry on beyond university into their future careers. A brief mention will be made of the provisional results of a small-scale research project in this area. Another article is planned to discuss those results fully in the future. [1] Victims, Witnesses, and Justice Reform (Scotland) Bill as introduced references the introduction and definition of trauma -informed practice. https://www.parliament.scot/-/media/files/legislation/bills/s6-bills/victims-witnesses-and-justice-reform-scotland-bill/introduced/https://www.parliament.scot/-/media/files/legislation/bills/s6-bills/victims-witnesses-and-justice-reform-scotland-bill/introduced/bill-as-introduced.pbill-as-introduced.pdf (accessed 12th January 2024).

From Siege to Survival: Exploring the Multi-Faceted Traumas of Meranao Internally Displaced Persons

The 2017 Marawi Siege in the southern Philippines resulted not only in a city’s physical devastation but also in a profound psychological impact on its internally displaced residents, mainly from the Meranao community. This research aims to understand the trauma endured by these Meranao IDPs, linking it with paradigms of forced migration, cultural displacement, and post-conflict collective memory. Using the American Psychiatric Association’s definition of trauma and Herman’s Trauma Theory as a guiding framework, six IDP survivors from the Sagonsongan area were interviewed. The study adopted the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach to explore the participants’ experiences. This qualitative method involves a detailed examination of personal lived experiences, attempting to understand how individuals make sense of their major life experiences. The IPA approach was particularly suitable for this study as it allowed the researchers to examine the personal stories of trauma, providing a rich and detailed first-person account of the psychological struggles faced by the Meranao IDPs. The data collection involved in-depth, semi-structured interviews that enabled the participants to share their stories in a flexible yet comprehensive manner. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed following the principles of IPA, which involve a cyclical process of reading and re-reading the transcripts, coding for themes, and looking for connections between themes across the different narratives. The researchers remained cognizant of their preconceptions and engaged in a reflective process to minimize bias. The findings revealed several themes, such as the traumatic implications of familial dislocation, economic hardships, persistent trauma, feelings of exhaustion, and a compromised sense of safety. These findings not only intersect with established theories but also provide unique insights into the Meranao community’s post-siege challenges. The trauma narratives contributed to a nuanced account of the Meranao IDPs’ psychological struggles after the siege. Keywords: Meranao community, internally displaced persons, Marawi Siege, trauma

Focusing the Scope: The Voice Practitioner’s Role in Trauma-Informed Care

Abstract: The phrase trauma-informed has gained popularity in the singing voice community, especially since the outbreak of COVID-19. Although it is a critical area of education and research, there can be a lack of consensus on its definition, and how we can responsibly integrate trauma-informed principles into voice education. In this article, the authors touch on the definition, effects, and statistics of trauma and on principles of trauma-informed practices. Additionally, the authors offer suggested guidelines to be supportive in the potential presence of trauma-related reactivity, but in a manner that is completely within the scope of the voice specialist.

Trauma and Unaccompanied Child Migration in US History: Reflections from the Archives

Abstract: Through detailed analysis of archival records, Anita Casavantes Bradford traces the history of the clinical, academic, and popular understandings of trauma as it influenced US immigration policy for unaccompanied migrant children during the twentieth century. She questions why adults charged with the care of unaccompanied minors have "(mis)understood … (mis)managed … and (mis)represented" children as traumatized, both unintentionally and deliberately, in order to advance adult objectives. Casavantes Bradford provides a historical overview of US immigration and refugee polices since the 1930s as applied to unaccompanied migrant children. This history also traces the evolution of clinical and popular definitions of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)—officially recognized by psychologists in 1980—and suggests that policies for managing and mitigating trauma among unaccompanied minors often led to negative consequences. These polices, above all, were often based on geopolitical and domestic political considerations rather than the welfare of children, according to Casavantes Bradford. Thus, during the 1980s, unaccompanied minors from Haiti and Central America reaching the United States faced detention and deportation, while Sudanese "lost boys" were granted preferential treatment that aligned with US national security interests in Africa. Since the 1930s, markers of difference such as race, class, and religion have also played fundamental roles in which unaccompanied minors have been given the "right to be traumatized" and resettlement. Casavantes Bradford cautions researchers against interpreting migrant children's experiences through biased or ahistorical notions of trauma that oversimplify individual young people's experiences and their potential resilience. Historians and others should critically examine their own assumptions when studying trauma and the experiences of unaccompanied migrant children.

Postmodern Feminist Amnesia: De-centering Trauma and Re-defining Subalternity in Elizabeth Nunez’s Bruised Hibiscus

In most subaltern narratives, trauma occupies a central position. The subaltern consciousness is often limited to marginal spaces within the hegemonic agency of trauma inflictors. Gendered subalternity, ergo, imposes a further peripheral status for subaltern women. In Bruised Hibiscus (2000), Elizabeth Nunez promotes the voicing of the silent subaltern woman to step ahead of her traumatic confines. This article challenges the essentialized definitions of trauma and subalternity by subverting the totalizing enterprise of dominant centers and highlighting the ‘slippage’ between theory and practice. This movement from centers and back to centers grants the ‘new’ subaltern female characters in Bruised Hibiscus a re-locatable agency that heals neurosis through deliberate amnesiac and mnemonic practices both simultaneously and interchangeably. The women in the novel under study, Rosa and Zuela, become at once the victims and the perpetrators of trauma within a postmodern redefining and de-essentializing narrative of memory and forgetting. Keywords: Trauma, New subalternity, Amnesia, Postmodernism, Elizabeth Nunez

Writing as Resilience: Holocaust Trauma in Select Novels of Elie Wiesel

“Most Consciences are satisfied quickly enough, and need only a few words in order to reach a definitive opinion of the unknowable” (111, Edkins, Trauma and the Memory of Politics). Most trauma writings are considered as spring boards for furthering academic mileage or presenting a paper to inflate the curriculum vitae or credentials that fetch some perks. As a student of literature I always had a skeptical take on the confessional poetry of Kamala Dass which was otherwise categorized as erotic, revealing kind of writing and mostly not regarded as something important. But after reading novels on Armenian genocide, holocaust and world war , it became evident that people write about their trauma: collective, personal or social in order to inform, support and to convey a stronger message that writing is a way of displaying their solidarity and courage. To put in in William Faulkner’s terms, these writers prefer writing as resilience to reiterate that the past is not dead, infact it is not even past. Only a few care to read between the lines and it is important to learn why people write on trauma: personal, collective or generational which technically lie outside the boundaries of experience, unfathomable but welling up waves of perennial pain and horror that need to be vented but no specific ways or means can ever drain it out. By the time one finishes to understand the definition of trauma painted by the linguistic or symbolic yardsticks, it feels like mind draining activity. This paper tries to unravel the rationale of writing trauma and the reverberations of trauma through the select works of Elie Wiesel.

Pengaruh Trauma Masa Lalu terhadap Kesehatan Mental Seseorang

Trauma on human mental health, refers to the inevitable conflict, stress and frustration in social life. This phenomenon, although common, can cause an imbalance in interpersonal relationships which can lead to mental health problems. Trauma, regardless of age, occupation or skin color, occurs as a result of painful situations, both physical and psychological. The definition of trauma by Evi Sukmaningrum, Psi., Msi, highlights the individual nature of reactions to traumatic events. In the context of mental health, especially in developing countries, this problem is still not given adequate priority. Therefore, this research aims to explore the impact of trauma, explore the role of interpersonal relationships, and respond to the urgent need to increase attention to mental health problems, especially in the context of developing countries. Mental health as an integral part of human well-being is in the global spotlight, but major challenges are visible, especially in developing countries. Traumatic situations in many cases create long-term scars in the memory and subconscious mind, according to the understanding by Evi Sukmaningrum, Psi., Msi. This research seeks to approach mental health problems as an integral part of overall health, with the hope of finding effective approaches to prevention and treatment.

Is a Criterion A trauma necessary to elicit posttraumatic stress symptoms?

ObjectiveThe posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis has undergone substantial revision since its first appearance in the DSM-III. Much of the controversy surrounds the definition of trauma, or Criterion A. Our study sought to evaluate the DSM-5-TR's Criterion A and severity of PTSD symptoms in college students. MethodParticipants were 1500 college students who completed an online questionnaire about mental health symptoms. Responses to the Criterion A assessment were double coded by researchers to determine if the DSM-5-TR's Criterion A was met. Interpersonal agreement between raters was high (kappa = .81). Participants were compared across groups based on their PTSD Criterion A status: (1) DSM-Congruent, (2) DSM-Incongruent, (3) DSM-Ambiguous, and (4) Denied Trauma, using analysis of variance and multiple regression. ResultsParticipants who reported a trauma that was coded as Criterion A by researchers had the highest levels of PTSD symptoms, even after controlling for perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and gender (p < .001). Comparing across groups, the DSM-Congruent Criterion A group had significantly higher overall PTSS than those in the DSM-Incongruent Criterion A group and also significantly higher hyperarousal symptoms. However, the DSM-Congruent Criterion A group did not differ from the DSM-Ambiguous trauma group on any PTSD symptom cluster. ConclusionsThe lack of significant differences in scores between individuals with DSM- Congruent, DSM-Incongruent, and DSM-Ambiguous traumas provides evidence about the subjective nature of trauma and how college-age individuals interpret their symptoms of PTSD. Clinical implications are discussed.

Lay concepts of trauma in the United Kingdom: Content and predictors.

Readiness among laypeople to classify ordinary adversities as "trauma" may activate cognitive, social, and behavioral patterns that either promote proactive help-seeking or exacerbate mental health difficulties. Clinical understandings of trauma have expanded across recent decades to encompass a wide range of aversive experiences. While some have suggested lay understandings of trauma have expanded in parallel, minimal data directly reveal how the lay public conceptualize trauma. This study sought to establish the range of adversities that laypeople classify as traumatic. In an online survey, U.K. participants (N = 214) rated the traumatic nature of 80 adversities, half of which represented prototypical precursors of trauma (e.g., physical assault and sexual abuse), and half of which involved other adversities, not typically invoked in clinical definitions of trauma. Prototypical precursors were judged significantly more traumatic than nonprototypical adversities, but many nonprototypical adversities were also deemed likely to cause trauma (e.g., facial disfigurement or being falsely accused of a crime). Individual variation in the propensity to interpret adversities as traumatic was significantly predicted by participants' age, ethnicity, and political orientation. This original evidence regarding the content and predictors of lay conceptions of trauma is relevant for sensitive delivery of clinical interventions, tailoring of other supports for populations experiencing adversity, and anticipating social responses to victims of specific adversities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Does the Hebrew Bible construct a social trauma? Three case studies

With the rise of a trend to reread biblical texts through the lens of trauma, some scholars have begun to apply Jeffrey Alexander’s definition of social trauma to reading biblical texts in the Hebrew Bible, such as Jeremiah and Lamentations. This reading assumes that the Hebrew Bible constructs a social trauma to shape ancient Israelites’ national identity. However, this article points out that Alexander’s theory does not fit well with the narratives of the Hebrew Bible. The main argument consists of three case studies concerning the book of Jeremiah, Lamentations, and communal psalms of lament; the author argues that none of these writings answers the four questions crucial for the construction of a socially mediated trauma in Alexander’s theory.

Factors Associated with Acute Injurious Falls in Elderly Hospitalized Patients: A Multicenter Descriptive Study.

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Hospital-Acquired Conditions (CMS-HAC) links Medicare payments to health care quality. Experiencing a serious disability or death associated with a fall in a health care facility based on diagnosis codes has been identified as an opportunity for improvement. Multiple factors contribute to an inpatient fall, including medications that affect cognition in older adults. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the commonly prescribed classes of medications on the CMS-HAC falls and trauma definition in US hospitals in a large inpatient database from 2019 to 2021. The authors analyzed data from 835 hospitals in the Vizient Clinical Data Base between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2021, on patients ≥ 65 years of age with CMS-HAC patient falls and trauma codes. Using logistic regression and stepwise Poisson regression analysis, the authors identified demographic, clinical, and hospital-related variables associated with falls meeting the CMS-HAC definition. The top 20 prescribed drug classes in these patients were also identified. Among 11,064,024 patient encounters, 5,978 met the CMS-HAC definition of a serious fall. Patients who experienced a serious fall were significantly more likely to be > 79 years of age (p < 0.001, odds ratio [OR] 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-1.37), have a history of prior falls (p < 0.001, OR 2.30, 95% CI 2.11-2.50), have a code for dementia (p < 0.001, OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.40-1.60), and have higher anticholinergic cognitive burden (ACB) scores (p < 0.001, OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.13-1.14). Specific medication classes associated with CMS-HAC falls were first-generation antihistamines (p < 0.00, OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.09-1.35), second-generation antihistamines (p ≤ 0.001, OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.13-1.19), and atypical antipsychotics (p < 0.001, OR 1.18, CI 1.13-1.29). Patients who experience a fall meeting the CMS-HAC fall definition are significantly more likely to have a prior history of falling, dementia, and a higher ACB score. Results from this study may inform future quality improvement work aimed at reducing injurious falls.

School-Based Trauma: A Scoping Review

School-based trauma is not a new concept, but scholars have not yet developed a comprehensive definition that coalesces. In this paper, I conduct a scoping review of scholarship across three decades and map existing definitions of school-based trauma onto a theoretical framework. I propose an updated definition for school-based trauma that encompasses existing definitions and includes a systemic lens to thinking about the concept. In doing, I invite scholars to take up the concept in a theoretically sound and comprehensive way to support children better and work towards creating school spaces that do not cause trauma.