Definition Of Space Research Articles

Redefining Public Space: The Evolution of Meaning in the Digital Era

Throughout history, public space has had a dynamic and evolving structure interacting with society and has undergone various conceptual changes and developments. This paper explores the evolving definition of public space, emphasizing the role of digitalization in this transformation. The study also seeks to delve deeply into the current meaning of public space, informed by perspectives from spatial design experts and Istanbul residents. The research employs a systematic literature review and a survey method, segmented across two distinct groups. The survey also concentrated on the spatial and digital dimensions of public space and asked participants to evaluate the personal meanings and usage patterns of these spaces. Besides, the advancement of digital technologies has led to literature that indicates an expansion in the definition of public space. The findings acquired from the research also supported this. In other words, analysis displays that public space goes beyond its traditional definition. Participants began to represent public spaces not only as physical spaces but also as digital platforms and social networks, and these findings supported the idea that the meaning and boundaries of public space augment and alter with digitalisation. This study emphasizes that the definition of public space cannot be confined solely to physical spaces but also includes digital platforms as integral components of this domain. Acquiring insight into public spaces' ever-changing and dynamic structure is essential for comprehending social and spatial dynamics in contemporary societies. This study revealed the evolution of the concept of public space and the effects of digitalization on this evolution.

Study on the Definition Principle of Reasonable Well Spacing in Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs

The reasonable well spacing of tight sandstone gas reservoir not only affects the production effect of a single well, but also directly determines the reserve utilization and economic benefit of the whole gas reservoir. At present, the rational well spacing of tight sandstone gas reservoirs is determined by multiple methods. There are many calculation methods of well spacing and the calculation results are very different, and there is no definite definition principle of reasonable well spacing, the definition of reasonable well spacing obtained by comprehensive method is fuzzy and artificial. In order to standardize the calculation and effective definition of reasonable well spacing for tight sandstone gas reservoirs, this paper puts forward the definition principle of reasonable well spacing for tight sandstone gas reservoirs on the basis of in-depth investigation and classification of well spacing calculation methods, and takes Shan2 gas reservoir of Zizhou gas field as an example to evaluate reasonable well spacing. The main conclusion is that: ①The calculation methods of well spacing in tight sandstone gas reservoirs can be divided into three categories: the method based on economic benefit, the method based on production response and the method based on production demand. Based on the method of economic benefit, the economic well spacing is determined from the balance between cost and income. Based on the production response method, the technical well spacing is determined from the perspective of effectively avoiding the waste of reserves and inter-well interference. Based on the method of production demand, the proposed well spacing is determined from the reasonable production rate scheme of gas field. ②The study of reasonable well spacing in tight sandstone gas reservoirs should focus on economic well spacing and technical well spacing, and the study of scheme well spacing is not necessary; The reasonable well spacing of gas reservoir should meet the principle of "economy and technology", both of which are indispensable.③The economic well spacing of Shan2 gas reservoir in Zizhou Gas field is 816m, the technical well spacing is 1097m, and the reasonable well spacing is 1097m; At present, the well spacing of gas reservoir is 1965m, and the well pattern is not perfect. In order to avoid the waste of reserves and interference between Wells and improve the recovery rate of gas reservoir, it is recommended to adjust the well pattern according to the 1097m well spacing in subsequent development. The research results can provide reference for the calculation and effective definition of reasonable well spacing in standard tight sandstone gas reservoirs.

Nonconforming virtual element methods for velocity-pressure Stokes eigenvalue problem

In this work, we investigate a divergence-free, nonconforming virtual element method for the numerical approximation of the Stokes eigenvalue problems using polygonal unstructured meshes on polygonal domain. By employing an elliptic projection operator, we “enhance” the definition of the virtual element space to make the L2-projection operator computable with optimal order. Furthermore, we prove the optimal order of convergence of the eigenfunction approximation and the double order of convergence of the eigenvalue approximation through compactness arguments for the solution operator (Babuška-Osborn Theory). Finally, we present a set of numerical experiments to assess the good approximation behavior of the method and show its computational performance.

Definition of Design Space for Preparation and Stability of Tramadol Hydrochloride Loaded Nanoparticles Using OFAT Experiments for Infusion in Pain Management

This paper presents an experimental study on preparation of tramadol hydrochloride (TrH) loaded nanoparticles, and stability determination in various infusion solutions. In this study, various nanoparticle preparation parameters based on w/o/w emulsification solvent evaporation method, including stabilizer type, stabilizer concentration, polymer concentration, homogenization speed and initial drug amount were systematically tested to verify their versatility for preparing nanoparticles. Initially both particle size and encapsulation efficiency of nanoparticles were changed significantly with the change in surfactant and polymer ratio (p<0.05). However, homogenization speed only changed particle size (average size 339.3±1.8 nm for 15000 rpm, 318.9±6.4 nm for 20000 rpm and 237.2±7.8 nm for 25000 rpm) (p<0.05) and initial drug concentration is only affected the encapsulation efficiency (34.2±0.7% for 4 mg/mL and 33.2±0.9 for 1.6 mg/mL) (p<0.05). Storage at room temperature for 3 months resulted in an increase in particle size and polydispersity index. Prepared nanoparticles showed the best stability after storage at – 20 °C for in 3 months. Finally, storage of nanoparticles in various infusion solutions resulted an undesirable changes for 6% Hydroxyethyl starch in 0.9% sodium chloride injection, 10% Dextran 40 and 4% Succinyl gelatin solutions. It was shown that an appropriate delivery of TrH loaded PLGA nanoparticles as infusion can be prepared only in water for injection, 20% Mannitol, 0.9% Sodium chloride and 5% Dextrose solutions.

Social Elastic Band with Prediction and Anticipation: Enhancing Real-Time Path Trajectory Optimization for Socially Aware Robot Navigation

AbstractAs social robots are projected to become an integral part of human life in the coming decades, their ability to adapt movement and trajectory when in proximity to people is essential for ensuring social acceptance during human-robot interaction. A key aspect of this adaptability involves predicting and anticipating human intents during robot navigation. Despite significant strides in the social navigation of autonomous robots within human environments, opportunities for advancements in related algorithms persist. This paper presents a novel real-time path trajectory optimization algorithm for socially aware robot navigation, grounded in the social elastic band concept, incorporating prediction and anticipation of human movements to adapt its forward velocity. Building upon the elastic band framework introduced in the 1990s for adapting robot trajectories in dynamic environments, our proposal of social elastic band differentiates between objects and human presence. This distinction allows for the definition of social interaction spaces and their relationship to the elastic band, facilitating the generation of socially accepted paths that rapidly adapt to environmental changes without causing a disturbance. Integrated into the SNAPE social navigation framework, the algorithm has been tested and validated through simulations and real-world experiments in various environments.

El Nacionalismo en la Lucha por la Independencia de las Colonias en África (Angola)

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of Nationalism on the struggle for Independence in the colonies in Africa, with particular emphasis on the case of Angola. The objective of this work is to assess the changes that took place on the Continent from 1888 to 1910, marked by the conquest and occupation of almost the entire African Continent by Western imperialist powers; followed by the effective implementation and installation of the colonial system as an administrative system in the second half of the century. XIX, division and definition of geographic spaces. In fact, the year 1910 was essentially characterized by the consolidation and exploitation of that system, causing major distortions in the economic, social and cultural structures of the dominated territories. The appeal written at the Manchester Congress (1945) to the colonized peoples, expressly advised that all colonies should be freed from foreign imperialist control, both political and economic, and fight by all means to achieve these objectives. The use of qualitative research based on bibliography related to these themes, the inductive-deductive method allowed the (construction) of ideas of a passive Africa, embodied in the emergence of movements that aimed at the overthrow of the colonial system. In effect, with the end of World War II, the process of decolonization began, resulting in a more reinvigorated, radical and consequential African nationalism. This means a more conscious, enlightened and enlightening continental nationalism, better structured and politically framed and represented internationally and with qualitatively higher levels of political and cultural organization, with the year 1960 being marked as the year of Africa, with the outbreak of the various independence of respective African countries and consequent recovery and affirmation of socio-historical, political and cultural identity, hidden by colonization.

Flexible Reservation: Reflections and Strategies for Construction-Oriented Renewal Design --Taking the renewal of road and bridge laboratory of Southeast University as an example

In the bi-directional design-construction cycle in architectural renewal practice, various uncertainty problems often arise due to the neglect of construction in the design stage, the separation of construction from design in the construction stage and the complex site environment of the scheme practice. Based on the architectural renewal practice of the Road and Bridge Laboratory of Southeast University, this paper sorts out the uncertainty problems in the process of design-construction and carries out typical reflections, expounds the design method of “Flexible reservation” for construction. Three strategies are proposed: redundant reservation under construction uncertainty, space definition of multi-job coordination, and technology integration in atmosphere creation, to provide experience for design-construction facing various uncertainties in current architectural renewal practice.

Comparison of Different Green Space Measures and Their Impact on Dementia Cases in South Korea: A Spatial Panel Analysis

Dementia has become a profound public health problem due to the number of patients increasing every year. Previous studies have reported that environmental factors, including greenness, may influence the development and progression of dementia. Studies have found that exposure to green space is associated with a lower incidence of dementia. However, many definitions of green space exist, and the effects of its use may differ with the type of green space. Therefore, two types of green space measures were considered in this study to assess the differences in their impact on the prevalence of dementia among females and males. This study used five years of data (2017–2021) from 235 districts in South Korea. The two green space measures used were open space density and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which were derived from satellite images. The analysis utilized a combination of traditional and spatial panel analyses to account for the spatial and temporal effects of independent variables on dementia prevalence. The spatial autocorrelation results revealed that both measures of greenness were spatially correlated with dementia prevalence. The spatial panel regression results revealed a significant positive association between NDVI and dementia prevalence, and open space had a negative association with dementia prevalence in both genders. The difference in the findings can serve as the basis for further research when choosing a greenspace measure, as it affects the analysis results, depending on the objective of the study. This study adds to the knowledge regarding improving dementia studies and the application of spatial panel analysis in epidemiological studies.

Embeddings of a Multi-Weighted Anisotropic Sobolev Type Space

Parameters such as various integral and differential characteristics of functions, smoothness properties of regions and their boundaries, as well as many classes of weight functions cause complex relationships and embedding conditions for multi-weighted anisotropic Sobolev type spaces. The desire not to restrict these parameters leads to the development of new approaches based on the introduction of alternative definitions of spaces and norms in them or on special localization methods. This article examines the embeddings of multi-weighted anisotropic Sobolev type spaces with anisotropy in all the defining characteristics of the norm of space, including differential indices, summability indices, as well as weight coefficients. The applied localization method made it possible to obtain an embedding for the case of an arbitrary domain and weights of a general type, which is important in applications in differential operators’ theory, numerical analysis.

A brief survey on the development and applications of Goebel’s coincidence point theorem in differential and integral equations

Abstract Goebel’s coincidence theorem, a remarkably simple extension of Banach’s contraction principle widely applied in analysis, has found significant utility in the theory of differential and integral equations. Over the past fifty years, researchers have endeavored to generalize the definition of a metric space, thereby extending the scope of Goebel’s coincidence theorem to diverse settings. This survey paper overviews valuable insights into Goebel’s coincidence theorem’s historical background, its relevance in the field of fixed point theory, and its practical implications in solving problems related to differential and integral equations.

Digital Space as a Scene of Extremist Crimes

Innovations in digital communications determined a trend for a sustainable causal link between technological diversity and qualitative changes in the mechanism of extremist crimes. Essentially, the processes of global informatization led to a paradigm shift, and the methods of transforming social behavior based on digital communications and social engineering technologies became some of the key elements in influencing the minds of the objects of extremist indoctrination. Due to this, it is necessary to offer a forensically grounded definition of digital space as a scene where extremist crimes are committed with the purpose of developing recommendation for identifying, capturing and systematizing evidentiary and other forensically relevant information, developing a forensic characteristic and then using it to understand the mechanism of suchlike criminal acts. The methodological basis for the research is the general dialectic method of research cognition. Besides, some general and special research methods were used: systemic-structural, formal-logical, statistical, specific-sociological, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy. Data consolidation and modelling were also carried out. According to the author, in order to understand the mechanism of trace formation in the digital environment, it is necessary to identify changes resulting from the electromagnetic interactions between the signal and the environment in which the signal was processed, and to understand what factors influenced the process of electromagnetic interactions. Consequently, in order to identify, capture and establish a link between digital traces and electromagnetic interactions, it is necessary to establish a crossover mutual relationship between a computer device, a digital infrastructure element, as well as an event of interest to the subject of the investigation or an action that has left its reflection. For the extremist crimes committed in the digital space, it is expedient that the crime scene should be interpreted as the place where key criminal extremist actions were committed. Essentially, it is the place where extremist content was uploaded, the information and telecommunication network of the digital space was entered, and the criminal action of extremist nature was then committed, regardless of the place where its consequences happened.

Knowledge Graph Embedding: A Survey from the Perspective of Representation Spaces

Knowledge graph embedding (KGE) is an increasingly popular technique that aims to represent entities and relations of knowledge graphs into low-dimensional semantic spaces for a wide spectrum of applications such as link prediction, knowledge reasoning and knowledge completion. In this article, we provide a systematic review of existing KGE techniques based on representation spaces. Particularly, we build a fine-grained classification to categorise the models based on three mathematical perspectives of the representation spaces: (1) algebraic perspective, (2) geometric perspective and (3) analytical perspective. We introduce the rigorous definitions of fundamental mathematical spaces before diving into KGE models and their mathematical properties. We further discuss different KGE methods over the three categories, as well as summarise how spatial advantages work over different embedding needs. By collating the experimental results from downstream tasks, we also explore the advantages of mathematical space in different scenarios and the reasons behind them. We further state some promising research directions from a representation space perspective, with which we hope to inspire researchers to design their KGE models as well as their related applications with more consideration of their mathematical space properties.

Mapping Health Disparities:: Leveraging Area-Based Deprivation Indices for Targeted Chronic Disease Intervention.

This article addresses the critical link between socioeconomic status and health outcomes in chronic disease patients, emphasizing the need for system-level outcome measurement stratified by socioeconomic status. Despite the acknowledged influence of social determinants, there is a lack of published studies analyzing chronic disease outcomes neighborhood by neighborhood. The importance of mapping as a public health tool, and the significance of analyzing outcomes at the neighborhood level is emphasized. The U.S. Census Bureau's hierarchy of space definitions is presented, particularly focusing on census tracts as a unique opportunity for analyzing chronic disease outcomes. Two Area-Based Deprivation Indices (ABDIs) - the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) - as tools to measure socioeconomic disadvantage and vulnerability to environmental stressors, respectively are described. A brief survey of the weaknesses of ABDIs and limitations in addressing individual-level factors is addressed followed by a discussion of the challenges in translating patient address data into census block data. The evolving conversation around equity analysis and its impact on chronic disease management is presented. It highlights the willingness of public payers to tie payments to ABDIs, signaling a shift towards a more equitable healthcare system. Private insurers and health systems are urged to invest in geocoding strategies to understand and improve outcomes for the diverse neighborhoods they serve, acknowledging that the path forward involves addressing health disparities at the population level.

Defining the Balearic Islands’ Tourism Data Space: An Approach to Functional and Data Requirements

The definition of a tourism data space (TDS) in the Balearic Islands is a complex process that involves identifying the types of questions to be addressed, including analytical tools, and determining the type of information to be incorporated. This study delves into the functional requirements of a Balearic Islands’ TDS based on the study of scientific research carried out in the field of tourism in the Balearic Islands and drawing comparisons with international scientific research in the field of tourism information. Utilizing a bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature, this study identifies the scientific requirements that should be met for the development of a robust, rigorous, and efficient TDS. The goal is to support excellent scientific research in tourism and facilitate the transfer of research results to the productive sector to maintain and improve the competitiveness of the Balearic Islands as a tourist destination. The results of the analysis provide a structured framework for the construction of the Balearic Islands’ TDS, outlining objectives, methods to be implemented, and information to be considered.

Aquí y Allá: Migración Mexicana en Estados Unidos, Apropiación y Creación del Espacio Trasnacional

This article analyzes how Mexican migrants in the United States appropriate and build spaces to enjoy a comfortable stay in a physical and cultural environment different from that of origin. Harvey's (1990) definition of space as a three-dimensional dynamic place: 1) The lived and produced space; 2) perceived space and 3) imagined space. It brings us closer to the material, symbolic and anthropological dimensions of culture, where the distance between homeland and migrant is seen as an obstacle to overcome to reach harmony. The cases of the Twin Cities, Minnesota and Grand Rapids, Michigan are addressed. The documentary research method was used in the first case and field research for the second. We show how, through cultural practices, migrants’ appropriate sites, creating spaces that transcend borders.

Duality for Nonlinear Filtering I: Observability

This paper is concerned with the development and use of duality theory for a hidden Markov model (HMM) with white noise observations. The main contribution of this work is to introduce a backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE) as a dual control system. A key outcome is that stochastic observability (resp. detectability) of the HMM is expressed in dual terms: as controllability (resp. stabilizability) of the dual control system. All aspects of controllability, namely, definition of controllable space and controllability gramian, along with their properties and explicit formulae, are discussed. The proposed duality is shown to be an exact extension of the classical duality in linear systems theory. One can then relate and compare the linear and the nonlinear systems. A side-by-side summary of this relationship is given in a tabular form (Table II).

Structural system modelling from base excitation measurements using swarm intelligence

Structural system identification is a fundamental task in mechanical engineering since it enables the characterization of the dynamic behaviour of structures from experimental data. The identification of the mass, stiffness, and damping matrices of a structure is essential for the design, analysis, and control of mechanical systems. This paper proposes a novel method for identifying the spatial properties of a structure using base excitation measurements and swarm intelligence. Maintaining relevant physical properties is ensured by placing algebraic constraints on factors of the mass and stiffness matrices. This formulation circumvents the complexities of additional constraints in metaheuristic techniques. Consistency of the eigenvalues with respect to the test data is assured through an integrated refinement process during the stiffness matrix estimation. A healing process enables the rescaling of the mass matrix, guaranteeing an accurate representation of the structure’s total mass. The search space definition only requires prior knowledge of the total mass of the structure and an estimate of anticipated maximum natural frequencies within the targeted frequency range. The efficacy of this method is tested on a numerical example.

A Proposal on Detection and Analysis of Threshold Public Spaces Using On-Site Observation and Behavioral Mapping Technique

The quality of threshold spaces is one of the critical criteria that shapes user behavior. A well-constructed urban threshold space prepares the user by presenting traces from the main space, thus providing continuity between spaces, enabling the space to be read more easily and establishing an efficient human-space relationship. Threshold spaces may vary depending on the angle from which they are examined, making it challenging to develop a method for their detection and analysis. In addition, studies on "threshold space analysis" have been found to be insufficient. In addition to this, The lack of study and definition of threshold spaces in comparison to other spaces prevents the realization of a holistic perspective, the examination of the whole and a better understanding of the two spaces it separates. The aim of the study is to propose an approach for the detection and analysis of threshold spaces based on the knowledge gap in the literature. The sample study of the proposal was carried out on Gar meydanı- Station square in Adapazarı / Sakarya / Turkey, which are thought to be threshold spaces. Sample study data of Gar meydanı- Station square public space were used to express the proposed approach in this study. The developed approach proposal consists of preliminary research-examination of the study area as a threshold area, the scope of the study and three-stage threshold area detection and analysis sections. As a result of testing the approach developed in line with the study’s objective on sample study area, it was understood that the suggested approach could be used to detect and analyze threshold spaces holistically, and that the "threshold" status of the spaces could be interpreted through user behaviors.

Il sistema della mimesis in J. Rancière: tra estetica e politica

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; The article proposes a re-reading of the concept of partage of the sensible in the light of the relationship that regimes of identification of art maintain with mimesis. In this regard, the article retraces the analysis proposed by Rancière of the ethical regime of images, of the representative regime and of the aesthetic regime with the aim of showing the terms in which the system of mimesis intervenes in the definition of the aesthetic-political space we inhabit.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

System-of-systems approach to spatio-temporal crowdsourcing design using improved PPO algorithm based on an invalid action masking

Spatio-temporal crowdsourcing (STC) is a typical case of complex system-of-systems (SoSs) design, wherein the primary objective is to allocate real-time tasks to suitable groups of workers. Over time, the STC allocation has gradually evolved into a dynamic matching involving three distinct entities: tasks, workers, and workplaces. Aiming at addressing the problems of poor convergence, slow response and sparse actions caused by the spatial complexity and time dynamics of the STC, this paper proposes an improved proximal policy optimization algorithm based on an invalid action masking (IAM-IPPO) for the SoSs design of the STC. Initially, the ternary dynamic matching (TDM) of tasks, workers and workplaces in the STC is described. Furthermore, the STC allocation is formulated as a Markov decision process, with the corresponding definition of state space, action space, and reward mechanism. On this basis, an invalid action masking (IAM) method is mainly introduced to update the policy-based network of proximal policy optimization (PPO), realizing sampling only from valid actions to masking invalid action selection. Subsequently, the algorithmic framework of IAM-IPPO is elaborated upon, and the model is trained to generate an effective allocation scheme. Comparative experiments are conducted on authentic datasets, aiming to assess performance indicators of the presented approach. The findings demonstrate a substantial enhancement in performance for the IAM-IPPO algorithm compared to other baselines, which is helpful in exploring excellent design schemes of the crowdsourcing SoSs, especially in dynamic large-scale cases.