Definition Of Keywords Research Articles

Rainwater harvesting in urban areas of developed countries. The state of the art (1980-2017)

Many urban areas suffer from water scarcity although paradoxically, a local source such as rainwater is mostly treated as a risk rather than a valuable resource. This change of paradigm is included in the 'integrated water resources management' and 'demand management' approach. The aim of this research is to identify and analyse studies that explore subject matters concerning rainwater in the integrated management systems of water resources into developed countries. The research methodology consisted in a literature review (from the 1980s to 2017) of territorial studies that examine rainwater harvesting in urban areas of the developed countries. To this end, a bibliometric analysis has been carried out in different databases according to the definition of keywords. The results reveal five thematic areas were identified and temporal and spatial differences between some subject matters.

Crowdsourcing in developing repository of phrase definition in Bahasa Indonesia

Language repository is valuable as a reference in using the language, its preservation, and in developing and implementation of natural language processing algorithms. Bahasa Indonesia is one of natural languages that hardly has repository despite its large number of speakers and previous attempts to build ones. We devised a way to develop repository of phrase definition in Bahasa using a kind of crowdsourcing and investigated its implementation. An application add-on was inserted to an information system that manages final year projects of undergraduate students. The add-on invites students to participate in writing keyword definition and validating definition. Investigation in a period of six months reveals that about 25% of application users take parts into the voluntary activities either as definition writers and/or validators. During the period, about 1200 phrase definitions were added into the repository and in average each definition is validated by two participants. The activity is supported by users that are well aware of the tasks, and have positive perception about the work, despite different reasons that motivate their contribution.

Development of the method for filtering verbal noise while search keywords for the English text

The object of research is the processing of verbal information to identify keywords in the text. The most important step in the search for key terms is the calculation of their weights in the document in question, which makes it possible to evaluate their significance relative to each other in this context. To solve this problem, there are many approaches that are conditionally divided into two groups: they require learning and do not require learning. Learning implies the need to pre-process the original body of texts in order to extract information about the frequency of occurrence of terms in the entire body. An alternative approach is using linguistic ontologies, which are more or less approximate models of the existing set of words in a given language. On the basis of both approaches, systems are created for the automatic extraction of key terms. Nevertheless, in the direction of searching for keywords, research is not stopped in order to improve the accuracy and completeness of the results, as well as to use methods of extracting information from the text to solve new problems. Existing approaches to the definition of keywords are characterized. The best quality of text processing is achieved by linguistic methods or when their combinations are statistical. A system for automatically determining key phrases from natural language text should be developed using the morphological dictionary and syntax rules. The study uses an approach to defining keywords based on finding syntactic links between word forms in sentences in English text using the instrumental capabilities of modern linguistic packages. In the framework of the general approach to reducing verbal noise in the method, it is proposed that it is achieved with the help of formalized operations: the replacement of pronouns with the corresponding nouns; removal of noise connections; removing noise words; withdrawal of stop words. The described operations can be used as additional modules that improve the results of finding keywords for both the developed method for determining keywords of English text and other algorithms for finding keywords.

KAFE: the Key-analysis Automated FITS-images Explorer

We present KAFE—the Key-analysis Automated FITS-images Explorer. KAFE is a web-based FITS image postprocessing analysis tool designed to be applicable in the radio to sub-mm wavelength domain. KAFE was developed to complement selected FITS files with metadata based on a uniform image analysis approach as well as to provide advanced image diagnostic plots. It is ideally suited for data mining purposes and multiwavelength/multi-instrument data samples that require uniform data diagnostic criteria. We present the code structure and interface, the keyword definitions, the products generated for selected users’ science cases, and application examples.

Research in auditing: main themes

ABSTRACT The passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) was a turning point in auditing and in auditors practice for the academic world. Research concerning the characterization of academic production related to auditing is in its third decade. Its analysis is accomplished by means of definition of keywords, abstracts or title, and information on thematic association within the academic production itself in auditing is undisclosed. In order to revise this gap in auditing literature, this study identified the main themes in auditing and their association in post-SOX era by analyzing the content of objectives and hypothesis of 1,650 publications in Web of Science (2002-2014). The findings in this study extended those from the study by Lesage and Wechtler (2012) from 16 auditing thematic typologies to 22. The results demonstrate that the themes audit report & financial statement users, corporate governance, audit market, external audit, socio-economic data of the company, international regulation, and fraud risk & audit risk were the most addressed in the publications about auditing. Corporate governance has a broader association with the other themes in the area. Future researches may use these themes and relate them to the methodologies applied to audit studies.

Optimal management of orthodontic pain.

Pain is an undesirable side effect of orthodontic tooth movement, which causes many patients to give up orthodontic treatment or avoid it altogether. The aim of this study was to investigate, through an analysis of the scientific literature, the best method for managing orthodontic pain. The methodological aspects involved careful definition of keywords and diligent search in databases of scientific articles published in the English language, without any restriction of publication date. We recovered 1281 articles. After the filtering and classification of these articles, 56 randomized clinical trials were selected. Of these, 19 evaluated the effects of different types of drugs for the control of orthodontic pain, 16 evaluated the effects of low-level laser therapy on orthodontic pain, and 21 evaluated other methods of pain control. Drugs reported as effective in orthodontic pain control included ibuprofen, paracetamol, naproxen sodium, aspirin, etoricoxib, meloxicam, piroxicam, and tenoxicam. Most studies report favorable outcomes in terms of alleviation of orthodontic pain with the use of low-level laser therapy. Nevertheless, we noticed that there is no consensus, both for the drug and for laser therapy, on the doses and clinical protocols most appropriate for orthodontic pain management. Alternative methods for orthodontic pain control can also broaden the clinician’s range of options in the search for better patient care.

DILEMA DO PRISIONEIRO NA ANÁLISE EXPERIMENTAL DO COMPORTAMENTO: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DA LITERATURA

O Dilema do Prisioneiro é um jogo desenvolvido pela Teoria dos Jogos e estabelece um conflito entre “interesses” comuns e individuais. O objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática de experimentos que utilizaram como procedimento o Dilema do Prisioneiro pautado na Análise Experimental do Comportamento, publicados em periódicos científicos. O procedimento foi composto de cinco etapas: (1) Definição das palavras-chave e seleção dos portais e indexadores de artigos científicos; (2) Busca e seleção dos artigos nos portais e indexadores; (3) Busca e seleção dos artigos em periódicos voltados à publicação em Análise do Comportamento; (4) Seleção das referências encontradas nos artigos lidos; (5) Definição e classificação dos temas. Foram identificados e selecionados 23 artigos. Dois roteiros de estudos foram utilizados para sistematizar as informações. Os estudos que utilizaram o jogo à luz do modelo de seleção do comportamento pelas consequências manipularam variáveis relacionadas às relações sociais, autocontrole e metacontingências. A relação entre o Dilema do Prisioneiro e a análise experimental do comportamento tem sido acentuada nas últimas décadas, o que sugere um aumento e continuidade de estudos nessa área.Palavras-chave: dilema do prisioneiro, análise experimental do comportamento, autocontrole, metacontingências, comportamento social.

Evaluation of a Cross Cultural Curriculum: Changing Knowledge, Attitudes and Skills in Pediatric Residents

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of six online modules, the Cross Cultural Case Stories, designed to teach healthcare professionals and trainees to provide culturally competent care to children with chronic respiratory conditions and their families. Modules increase provider awareness of the types of factors that may vary between cultures. This study assessed learner change in the three domains of knowledge, attitudes and self-reported skills. Improving on earlier studies, this evaluation included a control group for comparison. Methods Subjects comprised 66 first and second year pediatric residents at the University of Florida. Each module includes Objectives, Key Word definitions, Case Story, Lecture, Interactive Exercises and References. Intervention subjects completed an assessment tool before and after training. Control subjects completed the spaced assessments without completing the modules in-between. Results Within the intervention group there was a significant effect associated with the intervention. On average, participants within this group improved 1.67 points on the knowledge assessment (p < .01), 13.64 points on the attitudes self-assessment (p = .01) and 6.86 points on the skills assessment (p ≤ 0.01). When comparing between the intervention and control group significant differences were found in the post knowledge, post skills and post attitudes assessment, with the intervention group exceeding scores from the control group. Conclusions The Cross Cultural Cases provide an accessible, comprehensive and effective means for teaching healthcare and public health professionals and trainees. These cases can potentially provide training for students and practicing professionals from multiple medical and public health related disciplines.

Integrating Russian Methods of Teaching Literature into the World Science and Practice

The paper is aimed at solving one of the strategical tasks stated in the Russian literature teaching methods that is associated with its coming into the world science and practice – presentation and dissemination of the Russian experience in the sphere of literary development of school aged readers. The authors are historiographs and proceeding from the results of their research they first suggest considering the possible prospects of completing the task. The first prospect is associated with presentation of the conceptual model of today's Russian methodical system of literary development of schoolchildren in the world science; the second one – with dissemination of the Russian assessment criteria for variative models of the methodical system of literary development of schoolchildren in the world practice. The content of each prospect includes definition of keywords and the technique for implementation of the former. The prospects of presentation and dissemination of the Russian experience in the sphere of literary development of school aged readers that are suggested for implementation can make a considerable contribution to the world experience enriching it with grounded alternative scientific approaches to the assessment of modern condition of literary education in the foreign countries. The authors highlight creation of additional preconditions required for interaction in the area of development of methodology of the comparative science about the reader as one of the important parameter of the successful performance in bringing the prospects into life.Keywords: literary education, reader, structural constituents, conceptual model, variative model.

Electoral Behaviour’s Conditionality of Young People in Communal Elections (The Example from Surveyed University Students in Constantine the Philosopher University)

Abstract The exploration of electoral behaviour’s conditionality of young people is based on the theoretical and empirical exploitation of their approach. Theoretical definitions of the communal politics’ knowledge are needed for their empirical analysis. Theoretical part of the present issue contents definitions of key words. Key words are connected with the communal politics’ area. Specifically, we need to define politics. It is also necessary to specify politics’ role in the contemporary society. This issue focusses on the communal politics. It also specifies the basic aim of the communal politics and it also defines communal politics’ objectives and specifications. At last, there is also described the participation of individuals on communal politics’ formation and development. Generally, the citizens are considered to be actors of the communal politics. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the conditions of the individuals’ participation on electoral process. Communal politics’ empirical exploration is characterised by the conditionality of the individuals’ participation on electoral process in their residence. In this context, it is important to deal with the impact of individual aspects on the voter decisions of individuals. In the society, there are various groups of people. Young people are one of the significant sociable groups. They gradually incorporate into decision processes. Decision processes affect young people’s existence of daily life. Their decisions are determined by the exposure of general factors of the socialization. Therefore, it is important to explore determinants of the young people’s participation on communal politics. According to this, 180 students on Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra attended the survey Received data were processed Statistical Software SPSS 20 by univariate, bivariate and multivariate data’s analysis.

Inspiration choices that matter: the selection of external stimuli during ideation

Inspiration is a widely recognized phenomenon in everyday life. However, researchers still know very little about what the process of inspiration entails. This paper investigates designers’ approaches when selecting inspirational stimuli during the initial phases of a design process. We conducted a think-aloud protocol study and interviews with 31 design Masters students while generating ideas for a design problem. The results indicate that searching for and selecting stimuli require different levels of cognitive effort, depending on whether there is unlimited or limited access to stimuli. Furthermore, three important stages of the inspiration process were identified: keyword definition, stimuli search and stimuli selection. For each of these stages, we elaborate on how designers define keywords, which search approaches they use and what drives their selection of stimuli. This paper contributes to an understanding of how designers can be supported in their inspiration process in a more detailed manner.

Análise da produção científica brasileira sobre fluxos de informação

Objetivo. Este artigo apresenta e discute os conceitos, contextos e aplicações que envolvem os fluxos de informação nas organizações. Método. Revisão sistemática, seguida de uma análise bibliométrica e análise sistêmica. O processo de revisão sistemática compreendeu as etapas de: 1) definição das palavras-chave, 2) revisão sistemática, 3) exploração e análise dos artigos e 4) comparação e consolidação dos resultados. Resultados. A análise bibliométrica apresentou um extrato dos artigos mais citados, período cronológico, periódicos e palavras-chave de maior ocorrência, visando fornecer um extrato da relevância dos artigos quanto aos autores, datas das publicações, índice de citação, periódicos e palavras-chave com maior ocorrência. Conclusões. Constatou-se que ao avançar dos anos, uma ênfase tem sido dada à questão das redes de informação e do conhecimento, ou seja, estudos estão se voltando para a operacionalização e análise dos fluxos de informação em redes. A literatura analisada demonstra a relação do fluxo de informação com a gestão da informação, aplicada a diferentes contextos organizacionais, inclusive mostrando novas tendências em Ciência da Informação como o estudo e analise do fluxo de informação em redes.

Book Review: Practical and Theoretical Implications of Successfully Doing Difference in Organizations, by Donnalyn Pompper

Donnalyn Pompper Practical and Theoretical Implications of Successfully Doing Difference in Organizations. Bingley, UK: Emerald, 2014. 278 pp.In a day and age in which issues about race and equality dominate the headlines and evening newscasts, Donnalyn Pompper's book can find a home in any mass media and communications classroom. Pompper, an associate professor at the Temple University School of Media and Communication, structured her book into two segments. The first section, titled Speaking in Hushed Tones and the Wages of Ignorance, focuses on difference and social identity, research dynamics regarding social identity, and intersectionality of social identity. Her second section, titled Frameworks for Recognizing and Respecting, and Appreciating 'Difference' in Organizations, examines the gamut of social issues ranging from culture to gender difference and sexual identity.Each chapter features an engaging critical analysis of the topic followed by a discussion, definitions of keywords, a case study or article, and thought-provoking discussion questions. The discussion questions, particularly, will help professors who teach any mass media studies class, whether journalism, advertising, or public relations, engage their students in meaningful conversations about culture, gender, sexual orientation, diversity, and other issues that affect the workplace. Discussion questions, such as How do/have you react(ed) when a coworker tells a joke that degrades and man or woman-heterosexual or homosexual (p. 134) and In what ways do you see evidence that some people think 'racial' prejudice is over in the United States (p. 91), will help to stimulate students to think and act critically about tough issues-not only in the classroom and campus now but also in the workplace in the future.Pompper lays out the pedagogical rationale for her book in Chapter 2 as she discusses techniques and approaches for those wishing to apply techniques of social identity into their research agendas. This chapter is particularly useful for professors who take a research-oriented approach to their teaching or those who want to add a critical element to their media classes:Difficulties arise in relating to research participants, understanding their perspectives and remaining faithful to their voice, lived realities and experiences-while simultaneously generating additional insights. But it is worth it. (p. 40)The most fascinating and thought-provoking chapters come in the second part of the book as Pompper offers detailed examinations into the issues of culture, ethnicity, gender differences, sexual identities, ageism, social differences, physical and mental ability, and faith and spiritual practices. With headlines currently focused on civil rights after the Ferguson, Missouri violence and protests, along with the national discussion over same-sex marriage and equality, these topics will resonate with most students as they consider their place in the world.In Chapter 5, Pompper uses critical race theory and a postcolonial lens to examine the dynamics within organizations along with subthemes of the effects of othering (p. 81) and tokenism (p. 82) to name a few. For instance, although a Black man became U.S. president, social critics still argue that the perception of race in America is tinted by rose-colored glasses that do not depict the realities of struggles within corporations in which minorities have alleged discrimination. …

Importance of Humane Design for Sustainable Landscape

Realizing the environmental threats, real or potential, to the quality of life, environmental movements have begun in virtually all sectors of industrialized countries, including business, manufacturing, transportation, agriculture, and architecture. Sustainable landscape architecture is one of the most incredible fields of design at contemporary topics. Important problem that will be resolved in this research is finding standard spots and positions in urban landscape for coming to sustainable landscape. The main purpose of this article is investigation of humane factors for better design in all scales of landscape architecture, into special consideration to sustainability. The research method of this paper is Descriptive Study, with two strategies: definition of keywords and discussion about them to receiving useful alternatives. Basic subjects had defined and then major objects had analyzed. Pay attention to new approach of sustainability and valuable position sustainable architectural research in contemporary landscape design is important result of this written.

Actually existing political economies

In this response, we are prompted by the commentaries to discuss three issues: the need to be wary of malleability in the definitions of keywords like neoliberalism; the importance in economic geography of close study of the national scale and the relationships among state policies, economies, societies and national developmental trajectories; and the concern we have about the assumed political utility of the idea of neoliberalism now that its use is widespread. We conclude by reiterating our scepticism that all manner of changes are capable of being enrolled as aspects of ‘variegated’ neoliberalism. Our argument is that the important detail of political–economic change is too often overlooked as a direct consequence.

Telemedicine and digital management in repair and regeneration after nerve injury and in nervous system diseases.

Telemedicine and digital management in repair and regeneration after nerve injury and in nervous system diseases.

A Review of 99 Things Parents Wish They Knew Before® … Having “THE” Talk

Numerous books exist on parent-teen communication related to sex, sexuality, and sexual health. However, Chris Fariello and Pierre-Paul Tellier take a new, question-and-answer approach to reaching today's busy parents in their book 99 Things Parents Wish They Knew Before® … Having “THE” Talk. The concept behind the book is innovative, but the execution needs improvement. A revised, second edition is needed to address the clinical/colloquial language confusion, definitions of key words and concepts, and copy editing challenges.

Ten Suggestions for Increasing Rigor in Architecture and Design

For more than a decade I have been critical of my profession for its lack of rigor (Hamilton, 2003; Stichler & Hamilton, 2008). I have contended that architecture, as commonly practiced today, does not hold itself to a particularly high standard, and this in turn has contributed to the diminishing role and credibility of architects in the eyes of their clients. I became convinced that architecture is too often characterized by its rather than its and tended to justify decisions on aesthetics, which is to say on arbitrary, subjective premises. I must add that I simultaneously believe fully in the wonderful and special contribution of creativity and aesthetics to the vitally important art of architecture. However, I feel that the science of architecture is often given short shrift.After practicing in healthcare architecture for many years, a decade ago I entered graduate school to earn a degree in the social sciences. My observation was that, based on their theories, conceptual frameworks, and typical research studies, the social sciences seemed more rigorous than architecture and the construction sciences- certainly more rigorous than my own practice at the time. Organizational consulting, for example, seemed to be more solidly founded on social and organizational theory, frameworks, and the use of evidence from research. I have recently returned to graduate school and am currently involved in a doctoral program that requires me to review and understand clinical theories, conceptual frameworks, and nursing research. My current observation is that the clinical sciences appear to be more rigorous than the social sciences, which in turn still seem more rigorous than architecture.What, then, specifi cally, do I mean when I encourage increasing rigor among the design professions, especially among those involved in the design of health facilities? What can be done to increase rigor in design practice? I off er the following suggestions.1. Use consistent language and clear defi nitions.Th ere is a tendency for people to use the same words to mean diff erent things, the eff ects of which can be exaggerated when communicating with someone from another discipline or organization. Commonly understood defi nitions of key words and phrases that are accepted by consensus within the fi eld-or at least within a design team-are needed.One example is the word research, which to a clinician or scientist means carefully planned studies to produce new fi ndings, but to many architects it can mean unstructured searching for information about a project or a client, or making a routine choice from a product catalog. Many architects consider the search for a particular piece of door hardware or an interview conducted as part of the space programming process to be research, but the client would be unlikely to agree.Similarly, design professionals may casually use the word prove in a discussion of the results of a post-occupancy evaluation. A scientist, physician, or researcher would never claim proof based upon the results of a single anecdotal study conducted using a minimal, quasi-scientifi c process. To be viewed as credible, the design community needs to learn instead to say that a hypothesis was supported. Unsupportable claims only lessen the credibility of the architect in the eyes of those more familiar with serious research.Design professionals may fi nd it helpful to collaborate with their clients to defi ne words and terms for each project. What is meant when a client asks for a welcoming character, or a high-tech solution? Can they agree on what a welcoming environment looks like? Creating a common language among diverse team members can help minimize misunderstanding. Th is is best done at the beginning of a project and should be shared with new team members as they are added.2. Base key decisions on the best current evidence.Th ere are bound to be a small number of key decisions that require careful study before they can be made confi dently. …

Best Practices for R&D Project Management: Team Building

The future of project management lies in team building and teamwork. This document focuses on team building in R&D projects. The paper starts with the definitions of key words: project, project management, project manager, team, team building. Then there are presented the four key elements for member selection as well as the five typical phases in team management. Team building in research projects is not only about project manager (his role, functions), but also about the other partners and maintaining their constant interest in correctly developing the project. Through this article, the 2 key persons in project management and team members are the project manager and his economic specialist. The cooperation of these two specialists is the essence of the development and implementation of the project. Project managers control all threats through measures such as timely training in leadership skills, conflict management skills, communication skills, while the economic specialists identify and solve all budget problems, maintain and manage the financial accounting records and reporting mechanisms, balancing spend to budget estimates. This article also analyzes the best practices in building a successful research team: mutual trust, project management meetings, technical workshop, monitor and encourage progress, well written consortium agreement.

Language consistency: a missing link in theory, research and reasoning?

This paper is a report of a study conducted to determine if there is a lack of language consistency in nursing texts and among nursing educators related to theory, research and reasoning. Analysis of international language, communication and nursing literature revealed the essential role language consistency plays in promoting competency and desirable behavioural outcomes. It also revealed the difficulty nursing has had in gaining consistency of language associated with theory, research and reasoning. Six nursing theory, research and terminology texts with international circulation were analysed to identify key words related to theory, research and reasoning and to determine consistency of definitions among texts. Next, 97 nursing educators were surveyed to determine their ability to define the same key words. Educators were recruited during three national nursing education meetings in the United States of America between 2006 and 2007. Analysis revealed significant variability in definitions of key words among texts and in nursing educators' ability to match any defining words used by the texts and by each other. Epistemologically, the use of inconsistent language among texts and educators may be playing a role in the continuing marginalization of theory, research and reasoning in nursing education and practice; ultimately, hindering the profession's epistemological growth. Recommendations include a call for consensus of key words and meanings associated with theory, research and reasoning and the development of a language essentials document to support development of competency.