Definition Of Elements Research Articles

Clinical study on the efficacy and tolerability of a topical regenerative treatment in patients with telogen effluvium and mild androgenetic alopecia.

Hair loss may change the quality of life since modern society considers hair an essential element in beauty definition. The most common causes of hair loss are androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and telogen effluvium (TE). AGA requires a lifetime use of minoxidil or finasteride (and sometimes they lose efficacy over the years), whereas TE has no standardized therapy available. Our study focuses on a novel topical regenerative preparation that, by mimicking autologous PRP, can safely and efficiently improve hair loss in patients affected by TE and AGA.

Формы религиозности студентов-мусульман Татарстана (по результатам опроса и интервью)

The article is devoted to the forms of religiosity of Muslim students of higher educational institutions of Tatarstan. The topic is relevant for the republic since in such a multi-confessional region as Tatarstan the religiosity of the population is important in achieving interfaith harmony and peace. The author adheres to a multidimensional approach to the study of religiosity, which in the most generalized form represents religiosity as a complex heterogeneous phenomenon comprising different definitive elements. In 2022, a survey and interviews were conducted among Muslim students in secular and religious higher educational institutions of Tatarstan. The study revealed the most common forms of religiosity among Muslim students of Tatarstan. A significant part of the respondents believe in Allah and feel the influence of God in their lives, turn to Him in different life situations. However, not all informants perform ritual duties (saying prayers, fasting, etc.). The daily life of the students interviewed is not always built according to Islamic norms and may include building family relationships, choosing a job, and buying a home. The study showed that the answers of students of secular and religious educational institutions vary greatly on some questions. For example, religious activity (participation in religious events) is demonstrated in various degrees only by the students of religious institutions. Among the students surveyed, there also are superstitious people who believe in omens, signs, horoscopes, etc.

Optimizing expected policy outcomes through creative problem structuring: Police human resource development policy in the southeast Sulawesi regional police, Indonesia

This study aims to investigate the problem structuring process using creative methods to create well-structured problems, and how it can optimize the expected policy outcomes of human resource development in regional police. This study uses a qualitative research method by integrating qualitative data from semi-structured interviews and administrative data. Five informants were purposively selected, four of whom were authorized officials in the field of human resource development at regional police institutions, and the other was a prominent civic organization activist. The interview data were analysed using qualitative interactive models, while directed content analysis was applied to administrative data. The results of the study show that the problem structuring process in human resource development policies for regional police is limited to identifying the main elements of problem definition through the partial use of brainstorming methods and classification analysis. Such a problem structuring process cannot create well-structured problems that optimize expected policy outcomes of human resource development. However, the use of creative problem-solving methods in a comprehensive manner can optimize the expected policy outcomes from the development of more critical and collaborative human resource development in the regional police force.

A Study of Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Energy Systems

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a widely used methodology for assessing the environmental impact of products and systems throughout their entire life cycle. In the context of renewable energy systems, LCA has become increasingly important as a tool for evaluating the environmental performance of technologies such as solar panels, wind turbines, and hydropower plants. This abstract provides an overview of LCA and its application to renewable energy systems. It discusses the key elements of LCA, including goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation, and provides examples of how LCA has been used to evaluate the environmental impact of renewable energy technologies. The abstract also highlights the challenges and limitations of LCA, such as the need for reliable data, the complexity of modeling system interactions, and the difficulty of assessing non-environmental impacts. Finally, the abstract concludes by emphasizing the importance of LCA for promoting sustainable development and for informing decision-making about the deployment of renewable energy systems.

The Conundrum of Defining and Prosecuting Terrorism: A Review of United Kingdom and International Reponses

Terrorism presents one the biggest criminal justice postmodern challenges worldwide. The way criminal justice systems proact and react to mitigate and prevent such criminality raises a plethora of legal, socio-political, and strategic hurdles relating to how terror crime is defined, the human rights of the accused, protecting due process when using secret courts, the use of special advocates, the use of national security courts, civil rights i.e., freedom of association, cross-jurisdictional information sharing, and the requirement or right to prosecute etc. In this article, which is influenced by criminological theory, the definition of terror crime in the United Kingdom and at an International level is examined to ascertain whether common definitional elements exist, and the complex and competing local and International interests that are being balanced in preventing and/or prosecuting such crime.

Qualitative evaluation of content similarity in the context of clinical research

‘Burnout’ is one of those medical terms that lack a consensual definition, although its definitions may appear very similar. This paper outlines and discusses research carried out to find the shared elements of the original reference definitions of ‘burnout’ used in scientific literature between the 1990s and today, as a preliminary step towards the setting up of a harmonised definition. In order to pinpoint what is common in the original reference definitions of ‘burnout’, we developed and implemented a methodology based on the application of a linguistic – in particular, semantic – analysis. Our methodology may be of interest to researchers in other fields as a way to carry out a preliminary investigation of the definitions in use for a (specialist) term.

Patient-centered care in the Middle East and North African region: a systematic literature review

BackgroundThe need for patient centered care (PCC) and its subsequent implementation has gained policy maker attention worldwide. Despite the evidence showing the benefits and the challenges associated with practicing PCC in western countries there has been no comprehensive review of the literature on PCC practice in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region, yet there is good reason to think that the practices of PCC in these regions would be different.ObjectivesThis paper summarizes the existing research on the practice of PCC in the MENA region and uses this analysis to consider the key elements of a PCC definition based on MENA cultural contexts.MethodsFive electronic databases were searched (EMBASE, Cochrane, Medline, CINAHL and Scopus) using the search terms: patient OR person OR client OR consumer AND centered OR centred AND care. The MENA countries included were Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Palestine, Israel, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Djibouti, Pakistan, Sudan, and Turkey. Identified papers were imported to Covidence where they were independently reviewed against the inclusion criteria by two authors. The following data were extracted for each paper: author, year, location (i.e., country), objectives, methodology, study population, and results as they related to patient centred care.ResultThe electronic search identified 3582 potentially relevant studies. Fifty articles met the inclusion criteria. Across all papers five themes were identified: 1) patient centered care principles; 2) patient and physician perceptions of PCC; 3) facilitators of PCC; 4) implementation and impact of PCC; and 5) barriers to PCC.ConclusionThe preliminary findings suggest that the concept of PCC is practiced and supported to a limited extent in the MENA region, and that the implementation of PCC might be impacted by the cultural contexts of the region. Our review therefore highlights the importance of establishing patient-centered care definitions that clearly incorporate cultural practices in the MENA region. The elements and impact of culture in the MENA region should be investigated in future research.

Redefining shelter: humanitarian sheltering.

Shelter is one of the most 'intractable problems' in humanitarian aid and yet there is little clarity on an overarching definition. Terminology for shelter and housing is often conflated, and the most prominent definition does not fully reflect recent progress in the Shelter and Settlements Sector. This paper explores the varying terminology utilised in definitions of shelter within humanitarian aid since 1990, reflecting on the concepts of 'shelter' and 'housing', alongside surrounding perceptions of 'house' versus 'home', and related measures of adequacy. The current, most prolific definition is also deconstructed, demonstrating ambiguity in some of terminology such as 'dignity' and 'privacy', and revealing that interpretation of this definition depends on the reader's knowledge. Lastly, a new definition of 'sheltering' is proposed, encompassing five key reflections: the concept of process over object; the inclusion of communities and individuals; the commonality of long-term sheltering; the wider effects of shelter; and the impacts on host communities and environment.

A prediction model of liver fat fraction and presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among patients with overweight or obesity.

The global prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has attained a level of 25.24%. The prevalence of NAFLD in China has exhibited an upward trajectory in parallel with the increasing incidence of obesity over the preceding decade. In order to comprehensively assess hepatic lipid deposition in individuals with overweight or obesity, we have devised a pioneering prognostic formula that capitalizes on clinical parameters. To this end, we have conducted a cross-sectional cohort study involving 149 overweight or obese subjects. Magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) has been employed to evaluate the extent of liver fat accumulation. Through univariate analysis, we have identified potential factors, and the definitive elements in the prediction model were selected utilizing the forward stepwise regression algorithm. The Shang Hai Steatosis Index (SHSI) incorporates alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), fasting insulin, and 1-h postload glycaemic levels, thereby furnishing the capability to predict NAFLD with an area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) of 0.87. By establishing a threshold value of 10.96, determined through Youden's index, we have achieved a sensitivity of 69.57% and a specificity of 88.24%. The Spearman correlation coefficient between liver fat fraction ascertained by MRI-PDFF and that predicted by the SHSI equation amounts to 0.74. Consequently, the SHSI equation affords a dependable means of predicting the presence of NAFLD and liver fat accumulation within the overweight and obese population.

Trafficked Adult Males as (Un)Gendered Protection Seekers: Between Presumption of Invulnerability and Exclusion from Membership of a Particular Social Group

Abstract The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees’ Guidelines on International Protection No 7: The Application of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and/or 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees to Victims of Trafficking and Persons at Risk of Being Trafficked recognize that, although not all trafficked persons fall within the scope of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, some could satisfy all elements of the refugee definition. Such a possibility is not least implicit in the 2000 Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, as well as in the 2005 Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings. In order to obtain asylum, trafficked persons and their legal representatives tend to rely on the trafficked person being recognized as a member of a particular social group (PSG), and on establishing a well-founded fear of persecution on such a ground. While women trafficked for sexual exploitation have been recognized as members of a PSG in several jurisdictions, although not always in a consistent manner, the recognition of trafficked men as members of a PSG has proven to be more challenging. It is argued that the difficulties faced by adult men are attributable to the gender stereotyping operationalized by asylum decision-making bodies, which have consistently failed to recognize the gender dimension of trafficking with respect to men and boys, focusing almost entirely on women and girls as gendered subjects. In addition, the difficulties are also attributable to the nature of the exploitation to which most trafficked men are subjected, as forced labour and forced criminality are considered ‘lesser’ harms than sexual exploitation, and because violations of socio-economic rights as a ground for asylum are not yet fully recognized. This contribution explores the theoretical underpinnings of these two elements and their impact on the assessment of asylum claims brought by trafficked adult men, using the United Kingdom as a case study.

Framing the mobility transition: public communication of industry, science, media, and politics in Germany

BackgroundApplying the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) on socio-technical transitions, paired with the interdisciplinary framing approach, this paper investigates how incumbent actors of automobility in Germany framed the issue of a "transition of mobility and transport" ("Verkehrs/Mobilitätswende") in their public communication in 2020. We first identified representatives of industry, science, policy, and media, since the Verkehrs/Mobilitätswende and its implementation measures are contested among these actors. Employing qualitative content analysis, we then screened 325 public documents according to the elements of the framing approach problem definition, causal interpretation, moral evaluation, and treatment recommendation.ResultsFindings show that most of the actors frame a transformation of transport and mobility as a necessity. Their arguments encompass environmental and climate-related issues as well as infrastructural problems for bikes and public transport caused by the hegemony of automobility. The actors propose a variety of solutions, primarily focusing on technical innovations for cars or on the expansion of different infrastructures to achieve a modal shift towards sustainable mobility.ConclusionThis paper demonstrates that there is no common understanding of the problems and solutions to foster a mobility transition, as the diversity of problems and solutions proposed within the frame elements is high and complicates the prevailing implementation gap of the mobility transition. Therefore, MLP should be conceptually and methodologically bridged with the interdisciplinary framing approach, particularly with regard to the transition of mobility and transport.

무용수의 몰입에 관한 현상학적 연구

Dance is the most primitive culture in which the human body and consciousness are totally implemented. The purpose of this study was to phenomenologically investigate the essential characteristics and structure of the “immersive experience,” which is the experience of a dancer performing a dance. The research questions were set as follows. First, what is the experiential definition of immersiveness displayed in a dance performance? Second, what are the elements that make up the essence of the immersive experience of performing a dance? Two research issues related to immersiveness in dance were discussed in comparison to the nine components of the immersive experience model presented by Csikszentmihalyi (1975).BRThe immersive experience of the nine dancers selected as study participants was classified as meaning through the “method of experiential depiction and analysis” that is the basis of phenomenology. Based on the analyzed results and interpretations, the following points were clarified in the conclusions of the study.BRThe element of the experiential definition of dancer immersiveness has the following two characteristics. 1) Experience as a continuous experience, 2) Immersive experience of experiential spatiality. The experience that the dancer is experiencing at runtime as a component of the essence of the dancer

Феномен корпоративного конфликта: понятие, субъекты, интересы

Based on the results of a study of current judicial law enforcement practice, the article examines the phenomenon of corporate conflict. The author compares the basic approaches to the definition of the concept, and highlights the qualifying signs of a corporate conflict. The author highlights the key (generic concept), essential (subjects and relations) and significant (interests) elements of the corporate conflict definition. The operation of this structure in the field of corporate governance, preparation for litigation, actual participation in arbitration proceedings and administrative proceedings is associated with certain applied problems associated with the lack of a definition of this concept not only in the text of the law, but also in the generalizing documents of the highest court country, the substantive discrepancy between the criteria of this institution proposed by judicial practice and the starting (legal) definition of a corporate conflict, the diversity of criteria that provide, in the author’s opinion, an excessively wide fairway for situational and evaluative judgments in the process of assessing evidence of interested parties in corporate discussions, administrative proceedings and litigation disputes. The author emphasizes the openness and intensity of the corporate conflict as qualifying features of its definition, and the author comes to the conclusion that a corporate conflict cannot be considered simply a disagreement of the parties, but only an active confrontation or dispute between the parties. The author separates the corporate conflict from other types of conflicts: operational, organizational, interpersonal and legal. The paper describes the types of possible participants in a corporate conflict. Referring to specific examples from the sphere of domestic arbitration practice, the author pays great attention to the society itself and stakeholders, as independent subjects of a corporate conflict. The author emphasizes the vagueness and ambiguity of some terms that qualify corporate conflict, such as “goals”, “interests”, “motives”. The work reveals the motivational, causal side of a corporate conflict, considers the diversity of interests of the parties that are the subject of a corporate conflict.

Never walk alone on the way: Friendships of emerging adults

AbstractThis study aimed to comprehend how individuals in emerging adulthood characterize friendship. This study adopted a qualitative design to obtain in‐depth information about the elements in emerging adults' definitions of friendships. The study was conducted with university samples and non‐university samples. As a result of the study, the elements in the friendship definitions of the participants were grouped under five themes: behavioral processes; cognitive processes; emotional processes, structural characteristics, and distinctive features. Accordingly, sharing, fun, assistance, boundaries, and altruism sub‐codes were categorized under behavioral processes; while trust, compatibility, commitment‐fidelity, and respect sub‐codes were categorized under cognitive processes. Intimacy, requirement sub‐codes were categorized under affective processes and openness, homogeneity, heterogeneity, and reciprocity sub‐codes were grouped under structural characteristics themes. Apropos of distinctive features they included the sub‐codes of developmental support, unconditional acceptance, isolation‐vigilant, closeness, friend as a life partner, and network. In addition to the codes in the university sample, “Effects of marriage” was the only code that differed in the non‐university sample.

Posting of workers and the border of the labour market

Drawing on research conducted by the authors in the frame of the POSTING.STAT research project, this article explores the legal fiction that posted workers do not, at any time, ‘gain access’ to the labour market of a host State where they are in fact (temporarily) working. Hence, it analyses following question: at what point and under which circumstances are posted workers considered as working in a given Member State? To do so, it considers the use of the concept of ‘labour market’ across the case law of the Court of Justice concerning posting workers, to identify the constitutive elements of the implicit definition adopted by the Court. This analysis is compared with economic/statistical assumptions applied when measuring employment in a country. From a statistical point of view, the labour market appears to be demarcated by the place of establishment of the employer, thus excluding work (i.e., services) carried out through non-established employers. Consequently, cross-border labour mobility through the freedom to provide services does not fall within these boundaries and means that posted workers are counted in the employment statistics of their Member State of origin. The approach to posted workers in the labour market of the host State is therefore not only a legal, but also a statistical/economic, fiction. Based on an empirical reality that shows a strong concentration of posted workers in certain sectors, Member States or regions, we argue that courts and legislators, and also national statistical offices, should reconsider this approach.

Becoming “intimate” with the present moment: Mindfulness and the question of temporality

Being in the present moment is a key element in most widespread definitions of modern mindfulness. A claim about temporality can thus be said to lie at the core of mindfulness, in which some ways of relating to time are considered subordinate to others; being in the present moment is ascribed higher value than being elsewhere in time. However, although the significance of the present moment is clear, its content and meaning are ambiguous; what temporal states are promoted through mindfulness? This article seeks to theorize this ambiguity by focusing on the specific context of school-based mindfulness as a case in which temporality and education intertwine. Whereas educational research on issues related to time and temporality typically construes time as a condition or resource for educational practices, I argue that school-based mindfulness represents a particular method of making temporality—specifically, the relation between the student self and the present moment—into an object of education. I identify three dimensions of what it means to be in the present moment through empirical examples drawn from a broader study on the educational purposes of school-based mindfulness. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the complexity of the notion of the present moment in school-based mindfulness for future research in this field.

论“某”及“某”字结构的有定与无定

“Mou” is frequently used in modern Chinese, which is often applied in news and legal language. Previous studies have focused on its grammar, with insufficient semantics and pragmatics. As a special implicit pronoun, it is generally regarded as indeterminate, but in some special contexts, it can be definite. First of all, there are two cases when it expresses the referential meaning: The first one is it would belong to definite elements when referring to people or things; the second one is it would belong to the indeterminate component when the ostensible reference refers to people or things. Secondly, the person it refers to when representing the third person is a definite component. Thirdly, when it acts as a syntactic component, it has the special indeterminate subject and definite object. Finally, when it acts as a grammatical component in a special sentence pattern, there are exceptions to the definite and indeterminate situations of the people and things it refers to, for example, the indeterminate situation of the object of“ Ba ”and the subject of“ Bi ”, while the definite situation of the object of definite sentence. In view of its particularity and complexity, it is necessary to make a comprehensive study of the definition and indeterminacy from the aspects of semantics, syntax and pragmatics, so as to enriching relevant studies.

Elementary School Pupils’ Mental Models Regarding Robots and Programming

Contribution: Understanding pupils’ conceptualization of robots and programming can help teachers to avoid a disconfirmation experience by selecting more appropriate educational tools, robot designers in improving the robot design, and researchers in further improvement of the field. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Background:</i> Human–robot interaction (HRI) is affected by the actual but also expected robot’s appearance and capabilities. Multiple factors, such as age, gender, media exposure, ICT exposure, or culture, influence mental models regarding robots; therefore, it is important to investigate those for a specific cohort in the designated geographical area. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Research Questions:</i> The mental models regarding robots and programming, and the way they are possibly biased by popular culture, exposure to ICT or parental influence were studied. Research questions concerned cognitive elements of mental models, namely, definitions and knowledge of robots, and programming and how those progress in time. Also, the research studied a figurative aspect of mental models regarding robots, with a focus on anthropomorphic features. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Methodology:</i> To research the influence of the short-term HRI, four classes of eight to nine years old elementary school pupils were included in a workshop where pre and postquestionnaires were used as research instruments. Besides pupils, later in this two-phase longitudinal research, after a year of formal education in Informatics, research instruments also included teachers and parents, to investigate their influence on children’s mental models. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Findings:</i> The change of mental models under the influence of the one-time workshop was not permanent. However, a combination of maturation with informal and formal intervention supports the conceptualization of programming.

Hybrid of monolithic and staggered solution techniques for the computational analysis of fracture, assessed on fibrous network mechanics

The computational analysis of fiber network fracture is an emerging field with application to paper, rubber-like materials, hydrogels, soft biological tissue, and composites. Fiber networks are often described as probabilistic structures of interacting one-dimensional elements, such as truss-bars and beams. Failure may then be modeled as strong discontinuities in the displacement field that are directly embedded within the structural finite elements. As for other strain-softening materials, the tangent stiffness matrix can be non-positive definite, which diminishes the robustness of the solution of the coupled (monolithic) two-field problem. Its uncoupling, and thus the use of a staggered solution method where the field variables are solved alternatingly, avoids such difficulties and results in a stable, but sub-optimally converging solution method. In the present work, we evaluate the staggered against the monolithic solution approach and assess their computational performance in the analysis of fiber network failure. We then propose a hybrid solution technique that optimizes the performance and robustness of the computational analysis. It represents a matrix regularization technique that retains a positive definite element stiffness matrix while approaching the tangent stiffness matrix of the monolithic problem. Given the problems investigated in this work, the hybrid solution approach is up to 30 times faster than the staggered approach, where its superiority is most pronounced at large loading increments. The approach is general and may also accelerate the computational analysis of other failure problems.

Analysis of definitions of media literacy

This study provides an analysis of how the term “media literacy” has been defined by authors of articles published in the Journal of Media Literacy Education. It generates answers to two questions: (1) To what extent does there appear to be a shared meaning for the term “media literacy” across authors who publish articles on this topic, and (2) When authors cite definitions of media literacy, which sources do they use most often? The findings of this content analysis reveal that there are a great many definitions being used for media literacy as well as a large number of sources being cited for those definitions. This study uncovered more than 400 definitional elements, which were then organized into a six-category scheme that reflects the full span of thinking exhibited by authors of the 210 articles published in this journal.