Objective Definition Research Articles

P-896. Artificial Intelligence Performs Well in Assessing the Clarity of Definitions of Variables in Periprosthetic Joint Infection Studies

Abstract Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to improve healthcare research methodologies, particularly in addressing the need for consistency and clarity in defining variables in observational studies. However, concerns exist regarding the accuracy and reliability of AI in this context. Performance of Artificial Intelligence in Assessing Clarity of Definition of Variables Methods We reviewed observational studies on prosthetic joint infection studies from 2017-2023, focusing on 13 categories of variables. We used ClaudeAI 2 (Anthropic, San Francisco, CA), a large language model, in analyzing definitions from full texts, instructing it to classify them as objective, subjective, or undefined. Some examples of a highly objective definition are the presence of time element, severity, staging, frequencies, laboratory cut-off, and medication dependence. A simple chart review was deemed subjective. Results We included 75 studies with a total of 369 variables in the analysis. AI detected 88% of variables (n=324). Of those detected, 74% (241/324) were correctly classified. It accurately identified antibiotic use and infection type as the variables that are most frequently defined objectively (94%). For the 9/13 categories, it appropriately assessed that most studies lacked definitions. Smoking (20%) and alcohol use (33%) were least frequently defined. Notably, 5 detected variables did not exist in the manuscripts. Conclusion The model demonstrated high performance in detecting variables from study text and evaluating the clarity of variable definitions. The false positive detections serve as an important reminder that human oversight remains crucial to ensuring accuracy when integrating AI into the research process. Looking ahead, AI may assist researchers in objectively defining study variables from the outset and verifying the correct application of definitions. More studies are needed on how to optimally integrate its capabilities into the research process. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Mathematical practices (commonly used by mathematicians) in mathematics teachers’ solutions to algebraic problems

A teacher of mathematics knows mathematics as a teacher and as a mathematician. Whilst the existing research on teacher knowledge contributes to our understanding of the ways of knowing mathematics as a teacher, little is known about ways of knowing mathematics as a mathematician. Guided by the conceptual framework of mathematical practices (MPs) (commonly used by mathematicians), this case study aimed to contribute to fill this gap. The study examined solutions generated by two secondary teachers of mathematics to a set of algebraic problems to determine which MPs are apparent, or not, in the teachers’ work. Data were content analyzed deductively. Findings reveal that both teachers consistently demonstrated three practices: <i>seeking to find patterns</i>; <i>creating models for mathematical ideas</i>; and <i>using symbolic representations of ideas</i>, whilst two practices: <i>using precise definitions of objects</i>; and <i>having fine distinctions about language</i> were less present in either teacher solutions. More high-level practices such as <i>characterizing objects based on structure</i> and <i>using logical arguments as sources of conviction</i> were manifested in routine problems but absent in nonroutine problems. It is anticipated that teacher training experiences and curriculum contexts have influences on teachers’ MPs in doing mathematics.

P0366 Endoscopic remission in Crohn’s disease, the CREDO trial: Inter-reader variation study of the detection of endoscopic lesions assumed consensually to be related to remission

Abstract Background There is no clear consensus on the definition of endoscopic remission in Crohn’s disease (CD). Indeed, existing endoscopic scoring systems for CD focus primarily on disease activity rather than on remission. The CREDO programme aims to define an objective measure (depth or grade) of endoscopic remission in CD. This inter-reader variation study aims to assess reproducibility in identifying endoscopic lesions that are assumed broadly agreed to be associated with remission. Methods Sixteen centers in Belgium and France were involved in the study of patients with CD in clinical and biochemical remission (CDAI <150 and CRP <5 mg/l and fecal calprotectin <250 µg/g). Lesions potentially related or not to remission in CD were predefined by the principal authors, then discussed and refined during a consensus meeting with 12 central readers (CRs) and the local endoscopists. Fifteen patients per center were planned to be selected with an endoscopy representing equally complete remission, almost complete remission, not complete, nor an almost complete remission according to local endoscopist appraisal. Finally, 210 patients were enrolled with 15 endoscopy videos recorded within each of the 14 centers. The 14 centers and 12 CRs were splitted in two balanced groups. Within each group, readings of the 15 videos per center were randomly assigned to the 6 CRs using a balanced incomplete block design, each video being read by 4 CRs and each CR reading 10 videos. In each group, this design was replicated 7 times leading to 105 videos randomly assigned to 6 CRs, 4 CRs reading each video and 70 videos being read by each CR (efficiency factor of 0.90). Inter-reader reproducibility level of each lesion was evaluated within each group by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)a. Benchmark ICC limits widely accepted are 0.4-0.6, 0.6-0.8, 0.8-1.0 to define moderate, substantial, almost perfect agreement, respectivelyb. Results Highly variable inter-reader reproducibility level was observed for the different lesions in group 1 (see ICC estimate with its 95% confidence interval in table). Level of reproducibility was substantial for passable stenosis, pseudopolyp type white and red, mucosal defect and ulcer. It was moderate for stenosis, ulcerated stenosis, surelevated scarred lesion, raised trabecular scar, erosion with halo, erosion, punctiform lesion, deep ulcer, superficial ulcer and alteration of vascular pattern type white. Results of reproducibility levels estimated in group 2 were similar in spite of less frequent lesions. Conclusion Our inter-reader variation study findings provide a foundation for developing an objective and standardized definition of endoscopic remission in CD. References a/ Fleiss J L. Balanced incomplete block design for intra-rater reliability studies. Applied Psychological Measurement 1981; 5: 105-112. b/ Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 1977; 33:159-75.

Genetic improvement in Colombian cattle, a reality or an intention? A review

Background: Genetic improvement programs in domestic species require a set of steps involving the definition of breeding objectives, information systems, variance component estimation, genetic evaluations, selection indexes, and the estimation of genetic progress and variability. Objective: To identify strengths and weaknesses in the design and implementation of genetic improvement programs in Colombian cattle through scientific and academic contributions derived from research. Conclusion: The greatest challenges in the design and implementation of genetic improvement programs in Colombian cattle are currently related to the absence of consensus breeding objectives among farmers and associations. Additionally, there is a need in the short term to improve both the quality and quantity of information available in databases. Finally, conducting economic analyses that consider genetic parameters is essential for optimizing the response to genetic selection, considering the different productive systems and environmental conditions that Colombia offers.

LEGAL AIR PROTECTION IN POLAND AND THE CZECH REPUBLIC – SELECTED ISSUES (PART I)

This article attempts to synthetically discuss selected elements of the legal model of air protection against pollution in Poland and the Czech Republic. The article aims to present this issue to a broader audience, which may be a contribution to starting a scientific discussion in this field. Within the framework of this article, it is impossible to cover all topics related to air protection in both countries. Hence, the main focus will be on protecting air quality and avoiding air pollution from the domestic and municipal sectors – Poland’s most crucial issue is the most severe problem in the fight for good-quality air. The Polish and Czech legal orders were not chosen randomly as the research area. I justify the reference to Czech legislation by geographical proximity (neighborhood with Poland, pollution is cross-border), similar problems (post-communist country), and EU membership. Despite these apparent similarities, both countries deal with air protection differently. As reports by the European Environment Agency indicate, the Czech Republic has better air quality than Poland. The analysis will determine how Poland and the Czech Republic have regulated the issues related to combating pollution from individual combustion sources, which will constitute a starting point for a comparative study, which is necessary to develop an appropriate (i.e. effective and protective) model of air protection in Poland. This article is the first in a series and will concern the definition of research objectives and the general background of the current air quality in Poland and the Czech Republic. The article uses dogmatic-legal, statistical, and comparative methods.

The interaction between animacy, definiteness and topicality in the historical development of Differential Object Marking in Spanish

Abstract Usage of a as a marker of direct objects in Spanish has been a popular topic of research, but there is no clarity on how different factors interact. The current investigation looks at the historical change in usage of a, focussing on animacy, definiteness, and topicality. We analyzed the extent to which historical texts follow state-of-the-art theories, by combining automatic and manual annotation. The results indicate that the investigated texts to a large extent confirm existing theories, with some aspects worth noting. First of all, inanimate definite objects sometimes carry a, which is impossible according to prescriptive grammars. Second, we found an increase in the usage of a with definite human referents through time, which was predicted by Aissen (2003), although the limited amount of available data prevents us from drawing definitive conclusions. Furthermore, there is tentative evidence that topicality plays a role.

Eco-activist imagery in literary texts for children (a case study of English postmodern fairy tales and short stories)

This research focuses on the eco-activist multimodal imagery in English postmodern fairy tales and short stories for children as a crucial tool in meaning-making. It is claimed that literary texts for children dynamically reflect current global trends in culture, environmental pollution, gender equality, and family issues. While some topics remain taboo for young readers, others are increasingly prevalent, gradually replacing magical worlds with more realistic, thought-provoking imagery. It has been observed that in recent years, the participation of young people and children in the eco-activist movement has been increasing. They advocate for environmental preservation and solving urgent environmental problems. Literary texts for children are essential tools for fostering a responsible attitude toward the environment at a young age. Due to them, child-readers are introduced to crucial eco-centric issues and ways of solving them and taught the consequences of their actions on nature. The analysis of our case study reveals that the protagonists of eco-activist fairy tales are primarily children concerned about environmental issues. Shadow narratives and the point of view of the child-focaliser are realized by the visual means, i.e. visual metaphors, salience of definite objects on the pictures, interplay of colours and shapes. It has been observed that visual imagery expands, clarifies environmental protection issues and appeals to the better understanding of child-readers their role in preserving the planet and keeping it clean and safe for living. Visual components clearly show the child-reader the damage caused to the environment by human activity: polluted air, water bodies and cities, injured animals, and deforestation. Important meanings are embedded in the dominant colours of the illustrations: green and blue predominate in the illustrations of nature, while grey and black accompany the images of the results of anthropogenic activity. The victory of Good (nature) in fairy tales is represented by a shift from grey and black to green. Intertextual links between literary texts for children by the same author can be formed through illustrations. Thus, a single fictional world is created in which the eco-activist activity of a child-antagonist is not an isolated phenomenon.

Development of a New Score Based on Image Defined Risk Factors to Standardize Surgical Risk in Neuroblastoma Resection - A SIOPEN Collaborative Study.

Image Defined Risk Factors (IDRFs) assess surgical risk in neuroblastoma (NB) and guide neoadjuvant therapy. Despite chemotherapy IDRFs may persist in 70% of cases. Several studies have suggested that not all IDRFs hold equal significance and that the presence of an IDRF does not inherently signify unresectability. This current study seeks to stratify and assign a score to each IDRF based on its impact on surgical risk. This collaborative study entailed retrospective collection of patient data from NB operations conducted between 2016 and 2020, together with the computation of a Surgical Complexity Index (SCI) for every patient. The SCI values obtained were correlated with preoperatively identified IDRFs. Mann-Whitney statistical test was employed to assign a relevance score to the association between individual IDRFs and SCI. 14 centers contributed 427 neuroblastoma index cases meeting study inclusion criteria. 303 patients had 1 or more IDRFs. The presence and number of IDRFs in all patients significantly correlated with the SCI value (p<0.0001). The most frequently encountered IDRF was renal pedicle involvement. There was a significant association observed between clusters of abdominal IDRFs and the occurrence of post-operative complications (p<0.05), while a weak association link was found with intra-operative complications. A relevance score for individual IDRFs allowed their stratification based on surgical risk. The most relevant IDRFs were extension within two anatomical body compartments, infiltration of the hepato-pancreatic block, encasement of the superior mesenteric artery and coeliac axis, and tumor compressing the trachea. This current study has facilitated the assignment of a relevance score to each IDRF, correlating it with surgical risks. Considering this stratification of surgical risk alongside oncologic risk as defined by the neuroblastoma treatment patient risk grouping should facilitate a more precise definition of surgical objectives and the optimal conditions favoring gross tumor resection. Clinical Research - Study of Diagnostic Test. III.

Translated article] Consensus Statement From the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) Psoriasis Working Group (SWG) and Pediatric Working Group (PWG) on the Management of Pediatric Psoriasis.

The Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) Psoriasis and Pediatric Working Groups (PSW and PWG) have developed a set of recommendations for the management of pediatric psoriasis based on the best available evidence and experts' opinion. The methodology of nominal groups was followed, with help from a scoping review. A coordinator was designated, and a group of experts was selected based on their experience and knowledge on the management of psoriasis. The coordinator defined both the objectives and the key points of the document. Then, with help from a documentalist, a systematic literature review was conducted across Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library until May 2023. Systematic literature reviews, meta-analyses, and observational studies were included. National and international clinical practice guidelines and consensus documents were reviewed. With this information, the coordinator proposed preliminary recommendations that were discussed and modified in a nominal group meeting with all experts. After several review processes, which included an external review, the final document was generated. Practical recommendations on the evaluation and management of patients with pediatric psoriasis are presented in association with other AEDV documents. The evaluation of the pediatric patient, the definition of the therapeutic objectives, the criteria for indication and selection of treatment are addressed. Practical issues such as therapeutic failure, response maintenance, comorbidity and risk management are also included.

Rainy season onset over the Southeast Asia low-latitude highlands: objective definition and relation with spring drought

Rainy season onset over the Southeast Asia low-latitude highlands: objective definition and relation with spring drought

Is depression a vague concept in psychiatry?

In this paper I investigate whether "depression" is a vague concept in psychiatry and the consequence of this for philosophers who would like to contribute to the elaboration of an objective definition of it. Assuming that this concept aims at referring to a mental disorder, I show that the current definition of "depression" is controverted: we lack a unified scientific model of it, so a consensual objective definition of it. Actually there is its clinical definition in the nosology but this definition consisting in a list of criteria is accused of being unsufficient to draw a sharp limit between normal and pathological cases. Hence vague boundaries of the extension of the concept as referring to a mental disorder. Moreover its clinical criteria, as descriptive and non distinctive, need to be interpreted by clinicians in a way that remains implicit and contextually variable, and they can apply to completely different clinical pictures. I interpret this as a variability of the descriptive definition of "depression", so that its conditions of use depend on the context: it may apply to two cases that have nothing in common except similarities. Applying the famous wittgensteinien characterization of the concept of "game" to "depression", I argue that this vagueness can be interpreted as showing that "depression" works as cluster of concepts whose instances only share "family resemblances". From this philosophical interpretation I draw the conclusion that the "vagueness problem" of depression at a theoretical level does not make the use of this concept problematic, since this in practice use is always related to a context conferring a specific meaning to the concept. I conclude that philosophers should not look in the clinical sciences for an objective definition of depression as a list of necessary and sufficient conditions pointing at its essence: they should rather either describe the family resemblances between the different versions of this concept, or try to stipulate a definition providing it sharp boundaries. A stipulative definition would be motivated by a pragmatic purpose while not delegitimizing other uses that could be made of the concept. Such a purpose could be to target only medically relevant conditions; actually such conditions do not necessarily have to be conceived of as conditions where there is a disease understood as pathological process that we could objectively define, but they can be seen as conditions that we have medical means to take care of with more benefits than disadvantages.

Effects of Speed-Based Interventions to Reduce Bradykinesia in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review Protocol.

Bradykinesia is considered one of the most disabling motor symptoms in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Speed-based interventions are promising for reducing bradykinesia in this population. This systematic review aims to describe speed-based interventions that have been employed for reducing bradykinesia in individuals with PD and verify their effects. This systematic review protocol was carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Electronic searches were performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PEDro, LILACS and SciELO databases and gray literature sources. Experimental studies that investigated the effects of speed-based interventions on bradykinesia in individuals with PD will be considered. Two independent reviewers will screen the studies, extract data and assess risk of bias using Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) and ROBINS-I ("Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies-of Interventions"). Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) will be used to assed the quality of evidence. This systematic review will offer information regarding which types of speed-based interventions have been investigated for reducing bradykinesia in individuals with PD. This information may be important for clinical decision making and will help identify gaps in the literature that may be useful for the definition of future research objectives and the planning of new trials. Ethical permission is not required for this study. this systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration number: CRD42024543673).

Recommendations for the quantitative basic evaluation of mind-body medicine courses for university students – results of a consensus-based, systematic decision-making process by experts

BackgroundThere is an increasing range of mind–body medicine (MBM) courses in Germany to support university students in dealing with stress. The evaluation of these varies and often only has a small number of participants due to the limited group size of the courses. The aim of this project was the development of a quantitative basic evaluation that can be used across all sites that conduct MBM courses.MethodsIn a consensus-based and systematic decision-making process, the learning objectives and various questionnaires for the evaluation of MBM courses were discussed and evaluated by experts according to defined criteria. The process was iterative, in which the reflection and definition of the learning objectives and the questionnaires were conditional and adapted if necessary. The recommendations for the basic evaluation of students’ MBM courses were developed by consensus among the experts.ResultsFor the experts, the most important learning objectives of the MBM courses were stress reduction and self-experience with the exercises. A total of 21 questionnaires were evaluated from nine topics: mindfulness, empathy, self-reflection, self-efficacy, resilience, stress, sense of coherence, quality of life, and well-being. Finally, eight questionnaires were recommended by the expert group for use in a basic evaluation: stress (PSS-10), quality of life (WHOQOL-Bref), mindfulness (MAAS), self-efficacy (GSE), self-compassion (SCS), empathy (SPF), self-reflection (GRAS) and sense of coherence (SOC-13). Further questionnaires were recommended as "optional". An additional qualitative evaluation is recommended for a broader and deeper understanding of the quantitative results.ConclusionsThe proposed basic evaluation is the central result of the iterative consensus-based decision-making process, which reflects the learning objectives of the underlying MBM courses. We hope that the basic evaluation will be integrated into other MBM courses so that results of various courses can be pooled and compared across sites in the future. This could increase the informative value of the evaluations. Furthermore, researchers could consider the use of the basic evaluation in clinically controlled trials on MBM.Trial registrationThe project was not registered in a clinical trial registry because no results from health care interventions on human participants have been analyzed or reported.

Digital Maturity Level, a Roadmap for Digital Transformation: Case Study

Objectives: This research aims to assess the level of digital maturity of the company CI IBLU S.A.S., in order to effectively manage its digital transformation (DT). Theoretical framework: It is based on the "Digital Maturity Model" by Berghaus and Back (2016), which identifies key dimensions such as customer experience, innovation and digitisation of processes, providing a framework to assess the digital maturity of organisations. Method: A quantitative approach was adopted using a case study. A survey was administered to 108 employees of CI IBLU S.A.S., representing 7% of the total population of 480 employees, with a margin of error of 7% and a confidence level of 90%. Results and discussion: The results indicate that CI IBLU S.A.S. is at level 4 of the model, "elaborated and user-centred processes", reflecting a strong focus on innovation and personalisation of the customer experience. The discussion suggests that although the company has advanced in its digital maturity, it needs to address specific areas to optimise its TD, such as active user engagement and the definition of clear objectives. Conclusions: The research concludes that the digital maturity model is a valuable tool to guide CI IBLU S.A.S. in its digital transformation process, highlighting the need for a user-centric approach. Originality/value: The research provides a detailed and contextualised analysis of the digital maturity model in a specific company, providing insights that can be replicated in other organisations with similar digital transformation challenges.

Socialising of Harmonising Tax Regulation for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the Village of Kerinjing

The aim of this community service is to give a better understanding of harmonizing tax regulations on micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the village of Kerinjing. Tax assistance related to the Socialisation of Harmonisation of Tax Regulations for MSMEs in Kerinjing Village, Tanjung Raja Sub-district, Ogan Ilir Regency that will be carried out aims to provide information and for MSMEs based on applicable provisions both those regulated in Law N0. 7 of 2021 concerning Harmonisation of Tax Regulations. The implementation team made three visits for location surveys, implementation and evaluation of community service activities. Implementation of this community service is on 26 October 2022. The number of participants was 30 people. Implementation methods are lectures, tutorials and discussions. During the implementation, questions and answers and discussions were held to see the understanding of the activity participants. From the results of the service activities, it is clear that there are still many MSME actors who do not yet have an understanding of the harmonization of tax rules. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are expected to report their business tax results as well as possible and to refer to the current tax laws and regulations. The socialisation of harmonisation of tax regulations for MSMEs in Kerinjing Village provided participants with an understanding of the definition of tax, the subject and object of income tax and also provided participants with an understanding of tax obligations related to income tax and value added tax.

SURG-15. THE INCONSISTENT TERMINOLOGY FOR EXTENT OF RESECTION IN GLIOBLASTOMA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON SIX DECADES OF NEURO-ONCOLOGICAL STUDIES

Abstract BACKGROUND More extensive resection leads to improved outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Insufficient recognition of extent of resection may introduce significant bias in clinical trials. This study aimed to systematically characterize the terminology used to describe resection in neuro-oncological studies. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive review of the PubMed database to identify neuro-oncological trials between January 1966 and January 2024. We selected studies providing information on extent of resection for newly diagnosed glioblastoma in adults. A standardized set of semantic and clinical variables was extracted for each study. RESULTS We screened a total of 1862 neuro-oncological studies, and 117 studies comprising 44 prospective interventional trials and 73 retrospective studies met our inclusion criteria. While a positive association between outcome and more extensive resection was almost universally reported, a broad range of 15 different semantic terms were used to describe extent of resection (e.g., “complete/incomplete”, “gross-total/subtotal”, or “total/partial” resection). Reflecting this inconsistent terminology, only 60 studies (60/117, 51%) provided explicit definitions for categorizing extent of resection. Of these 60 studies, 17 (17/60, 28%) used subjective measurements including intraoperative estimations for extent of resection, while 43 studies (43/60, 72%) relied on objective measurements of volumetrics on pre- and post-operative imaging. There was no difference in the number of objective definitions between prospective and retrospective studies. However, the number of studies with objective definitions was significantly higher in surgical studies compared to medical neuro-oncological studies and increased over recent years (before 2010: 21%; after 2010: 41%). CONCLUSION The terminology used to describe the extent of resection varies greatly across neuro-oncological studies. To minimize imbalances between study arms and enable comparisons across different institutions, adopting a standardized surgical nomenclature appears essential. The recent RANO resect classification for extent of resection might form the basis for such a standardized terminology.

An Objective Classification Scheme for Solar-System Bodies Based on Surface Gravity

We introduce succinct and objective definitions of the various classes of objects in the solar system. Unlike the formal definitions adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 2006, group separation is obtained from measured physical properties of the objects. Thus, this classification scheme does not rely on orbital/environmental factors that are subject to debate—the physical parameters are intrinsic properties of the objects themselves. Surface gravity g is the property that single-handedly differentiates (a) planets from all other objects (and it leaves no room for questioning the demotion of Pluto), and (b) the six largest (g&gt;1 m s−2) of the large satellites from dwarf planets. Large satellites are separated from small satellites by their sizes and masses/densities, which may serve as higher-order qualifiers for class membership. Size considerations are also sufficient for the classification of (i) main-belt asteroids (except possibly Ceres) as small solar-system bodies similar in physical properties to the small satellites; and (ii) a group of large Kuiper-belt objects as dwarf planets similar in physical properties to the large (but not the largest) satellites in our solar system. The selection criteria are simple and clear and reinforce the argument that body shape and environmental factors need not be considered in stipulating class membership of solar as well as extrasolar bodies.

Rasch analysis implementation in nursing research: A methodological approach

The design and validation of tools constitutes a fundamental pillar of nursing research, where it is essential to incorporate the most current methodologies and analyses in order to guarantee validity and reliability in their clinical application.The aim of this paper is to describe the characteristics of the Rasch analysis and the methodology for its development as well as to discuss its relevance and applicability in nursing research, highlighting its potential contribution to the improvement of the quality and accuracy of measurement instruments in the discipline.Through a narrative synthesis, the theoretical foundations of Rasch analysis are described and the characteristics and assumptions that must be fulfilled to carry out this type of analysis are presented. Subsequently, the implementation methodology is presented in 11 steps: definition of objectives and preparation, instrument design, data collection, initial and unidimensionality analysis, goodness-of-fit assessment (infit-outfit, reliability and separation), item local independence assessment (Yen's Q3 coefficient), item calibration and estimation of skills, measurement invariance analysis (DIF analysis), review and modification of the instrument, final analysis and validation, interpretation of results. Examples of use are presented, as well as the advantages and limitations of the method. In conclusion, the Rasch analysis provides a valuable methodology for the evaluation of clinical competencies and skills, as well as for the development and validation of measurement instruments of great utility for research in care, although it would be necessary to promote training and standardization in its use.

THE INNOVATIVE IMPACT OF GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON DIGITAL BUSINESS TRANSFORMATION

In the context of intensifying competition and evolving market dynamics, the deployment of cutting-edge technologies has become not merely a discretionary choice, but an indispensable imperative for any enterprise aspiring to achieve successful growth. Generative artificial intelligence, with its substantial potential for automation, personalisation and optimisation of business processes, is emerging as a highly promising avenue of digital transformation. This study is dedicated to investigating approaches and delineating strategies for aligning generative artificial intelligence with the requirements of digital business transformation. The research examines the development of artificial intelligence, with a focus on symbolic artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning and generative artificial intelligence. In addition, it considers the impact of these developments on business processes. The article identifies the potential benefits and challenges associated with the adaptation of generative artificial intelligence to the needs of modern business, in the areas of marketing, sales and data analysis. The utilisation of diverse methodologies and techniques, including prompts, fine-tuning, and the incorporation of interactive guidance systems, can enhance the efficacy and precision of generative AI in a business setting, thereby facilitating optimal outcomes in a multitude of tasks. The authors put forth the proposition of employing generative artificial intelligence technology in conjunction with Retrieval-Augmented Generation, with the objective of enhancing the quality and relevance of responses to user queries. Additionally, they advocate for the utilisation of agents or orchestration tools to provide guidance to models. The successful implementation of generative artificial intelligence hinges on three key factors: the clear definition of objectives, the selection of suitable tools and technologies, and the assurance of managerial and staff support. The implementation of generative artificial intelligence will contribute to increased efficiency through the automation of routine tasks, enhanced competitiveness through personalisation and innovation, optimised cost structures that increase profitability, and expanded opportunities for research and development.

Faculty Building for Personalized Medicine and Care

Personalized medicine and care always places the patient at the center and requires psychosocial interprofessional skills. Using the example of personalized care, which is conceived as clinical, biopsychosocial work in an interdisciplinary, care-relevant manner, it is shown why comprehensive and differentiated abilities are required for this activity. According to grounded theory methodology, an interview-study with several experts in the field was carried out in a cyclical research design. As a result, problem definitions and solution concepts suggested to focus existing and development of new curricula or curriculum elements, to focus training processes and students’ qualification profiles for the respective personell-, organizational- development and faculty building. The qualification profile, definitions of learning objectives, as well as their effective implementation and didactic mediation possibilities are empirically reviewed and presented in an overview and exemplary manner. The training is designed to be practice-relevant, patient-centered with sufficient personal reflection skills, which are conveyed through teaching in continuous small groups. Selection procedures and internships take into account the requirements of psychosocial care and academic standards. Workplace-based examinations and case-oriented feedback develop the trainees into professional workers. A priori necessary basic competencies are presented and discussed in order to further elaborate empirical research and curricular strategies. Therefore the respective faculty building can be derived.