Weight Deficit Research Articles

Ожирение и дефицит массы тела как предикторы гестационной гипертензии и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний

Purpose of work. To reveal possible predictors of cardiovascular diseases on the basis of studying mechanisms of gestational adaptation, parameters of homeostasis in women with obesity and body weight deficiency. Material and methods. During pregnancy in 297 patients with changed body weight and 107 women of the comparison group carried out dynamic study of homeostasis parameters and adaptation mechanisms. The clinical state was assessed using morphological, electrophysiological, hormonal, biochemical and microbiological methods. Results. Analysis of anamnestic data revealed that parents of 87% of patients with obesity and weight deficit had arterial hypertension combined with atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and depression. The upper distribution of subcutaneous tissue and gestational hypertension were found to be prevalent in women of the main clinical group: during the whole period, the average blood pressure was exceeded in obese women and in women with a deficit of body weight in the second trimester. General cholesterol level in the second trimester was increased due to atherogenic fractions in pregnant women of the first group up to 6.21 ± 0.13 mmol/l, in the second group – 5.95 ± 0.20 mmol/l, against the control group 4.96 ± 0.31 mmol/l. Transitor glucosuria (in case of excluded diabetes mellitus) occurred only in pregnant women with changed body weight in the 2nd trimester. Stress reactions prevailed in women with obesity and deficit of body weight on the eve of labor: 77% (1) and 88% (2), exceeding the parameters of the control group; there was also an increase in the level of norepinephrine and dioxyphenylalanine in daily excretion of urine by 4-6 times. Decrease in species landscape of intestinal and vaginal flora with increasing share of pathogenic microorganisms was registered in 91% of pregnant main groups and only in 33% of control group patients. Conclusion. In women with changed body weight, pregnancy is accompanied by excessive activation and disintegration of adaptation systems, the clinical equivalent of which is gestational hypertension, metabolic and microecology disorders. Gestational stress-test allows to estimate phylogenetic features of response systems of young women and probable ontogenetic risks of cardiovascular diseases.

Ата-анасының қамқорлығынсыз қалған балалардың физикалық дамуы

Preserving and strengthening the health of orphaned children and children left without parental care is of great medical, social and public significance. The aim of the study. Assess the health status of adolescents without parental care. Material and methods. The object of the study was teenagers left without parental care (adolescents from 10 to 18 years old). The total sample size was 2,499 adolescents. Assessment of physical development was carried out on the hardware-software complex "Health-Express". This high-tech equipment, developed by the "Kazakh-Russian Medical University". Results and discussion. The authors have shown that at the present stage, there are negative trends in the number of children with disharmonious physical development due to lack of body length. For example, the frequency of identified disharmonious physical development in the age group 10-14 years was 71.8% and in the first childhood group 28.2%. The main reason for disharmonious physical development was a growth deficiency and moderate body weight deficiency. Conclusions. The main reason for the disharmonious physical development of adolescents left without parental care was a deficit in height and a moderate deficit in body weight. Keywords: physical development, teenagers, orphans, "Health-Express", body mass index, body length.

Case presentation of a patient with an onset of psychotic disorder, polytraumatized by defenestration from 10th floor, with thoraco-lumbar SCI and multiple somatic fractures, with favorable neuro-motor and psychiatric evolution after rehabilitation

Introduction: Traumatic fractures of the spine are most common at the thoracolumbar junction and can be a source of great disability. Most of them occur due to motor vehicle injuries and falls from a height. Since these are high-velocity injuries, thoracolumbar fractures are commonly associated with other injuries like rib fractures, pneumo-hemothorax, and rarely great vessel injuries, hemopericardium and diaphragmatic rupture. Materials and Methods: In this article - having the patient and the THEBA Bioethics Committee approval (no. 3159/30.01.2020) – it is presented the case of a 26-year-old patient who suffered a polytrauma due to defenestration from the 10th floor - about 30 m high -resulted in thoraco-lumbar SCI associated with other severe injuries, hospitalized in Neuromuscular Clinical Division by transfer from the Neurosurgery Clinic of our hospital, for neuromotor recovery, presenting a L1 AIS/ Frankel C quadriplegia and neurogenic bladder. During the hospitalization, the patient presented psychomotor agitation, food and medication rejection, which is why repeated psychiatric evaluations were requested and performed. Following the recovery program, the patient's evolution was favorable: recovered the weight deficit, improved the motor control and sensitivity, the urethral indwelling catheter was suppressed and the intermittent catheterization program was started with later regaining of the micturition control. The patient was assessed functionally using the following scales: AIS/Frankel, modified Ashworth, Functional Independence Assessment (FIM), Life Quality Assessment (QOL), FAC International Scale, Independence Assessment Scale in Daily Activities (ADL/IADL). Results:The patient benefited from a complex program of neuromuscular rehabilitation, with a favorable evolution, with the increasing scores from the evaluated scales and, thus, with a final performance of walking with support on short distances, as well as a sphincter reeducation with the neurogenic bladder remission. Conclusions: Associating interdisciplinary approach with a customized rehabilitation program in a patient with an onset of psychotic disorder, polytraumatized by defenestration from the 10th floor, with thoraco-lumbar SCI and other severe injuries led to neuromotor and psychiatric improvements, and sphincter function reeducation with an important improvement in patient's quality of life. Keywords: neuromuscular rehabilitation, traumatic spinal cord injury, psychiatric disorder, polytrauma,

Modern approaches to the use of fitness-technologies as a means of managing adolescents’ physical condition

The steady increase in the number of students with health problems underlines the relevance of research on the scientific substantiation of safe and effective parameters of fitness-classes for adolescents. The paper presents an analysis of the benefits of using fitness-technologies for managing physical condition in middle- school children. The aim of the work was to study and generalize modern approaches to the use of health-enhancing fitness- technologies in the management of adolescent girls’ physical condition. Methods: theoretical analysis of special scientific and methodological literature, generalization and systematization of the data, comparative analysis, abstraction and logical-theoretical analysis, sociological methods, methods of assessment of physical health status (the Apanasenko method), and the methods of mathematical statistics. Results of the study. The analysis of the literature data showed that the use of health-enhancing exercise for managing physical condition is a priority area of research both in the world and in Ukraine. These approaches are consistent with adolescent girls’ motivational preferences in the choice of physical activities. It was found that 78% of the surveyed schoolgirls do not participate in health-enhancing exercise activities. However, 39.9% of girls want to engage in health-enhancing exercise activities, 36% want to participate in activities with elements of sports games, and 17.2% in health-enhancing swimming. Most girls chose group classes (72%). Among the surveyed adolescents, only 20% had the moderate level of physical health, 80% had the low or lower-than-moderate level; there were no school girls with higher-than-moderate or high level of health. A significant percentage of girls (16%) who are underweight have been identified. A number of developments related to improving the level of physical condition have been reported in the literature, but in most cases they are designed for people with normal weight or overweight. However, weight deficit, which can have significant negative consequences, is especially dangerous for the adolescents’ health. Conclusions. The health-enhancing exercise programs for underweight adolescent girls were found to be insufficiently substantiated. Considering the high prevalence and negative consequences of insufficient body weight for adolescent girls, the studies focused on improving the level of physical condition and body weight in this population through the use of the means of health-enhancing exercise are seemed relevant.

Oral Kefir Grains Supplementation Improves Metabolism and Liver Antioxidant Enzymes Expression in Malnourished Mice

Scope: This study has a novel approach to investigate the effects of oral supplementation of kefir grains on metabolic improvement and the expression of the antioxidant enzymes Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Catalase (CAT) of the liver in malnourished mice. Method and Results: Swiss mice were divided into four groups and subjected to two treatment phases: the food restriction phase of 20% in relation to the control group was maintained until animals reached a weight deficit of about 20% in relation to their original weight and the renutrition phase, the animals received diets every day for 30 days. Diets (chow powder plus kefir grains) were administered orally. Thereafter, during throughout the experiment measurements of body weight and energy consumption were obtained. After the end of treatment, fasting glucose tolerance tests were performed at night and insulin sensitivity with fed mice. Soon in then, the mice were euthanized by beheading in guillotine and the blood and liver were collected for evaluation of biochemical parameters, Histopathological assessments and Reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the kefir grains ability to modulate inflammation and hepatic oxidative-stress under malnourished-state. Keywords: Food Restriction; Malnutrition; Hepatic; Oxidative Stress; Nutrition

Long-Term Consequences of Severe Maternal Morbidity on Infant Growth and Development.

Severe maternal morbidity (SMM) is already known to be associated with adverse neonatal outcomes, however, its association with long-term deficits of weight and height, and impairment in neurodevelopment among children was not yet fully assessed. We aim to evaluate whether SMM has repercussions on the weight and height-for-age and neurodevelopmental status of the child. A retrospective cohort analysis with women who had SMM events in a tertiary referral center in Brazil. They were compared to a control group of women who had not experienced any SMM. Childbirth and perinatal characteristics, weight and height-for-age deficits and neurodevelopmental impairment suspicion by Denver II Test were comparatively assessed in both groups using RR and 95% CI. Multiple regression analysis was used addressing deficit of weight-for-age, height-for-age and an altered Denver Test, estimating their independent adjusted RR and 95% CI. 634 women with perinatal outcomes available (311 with SMM and 323 without) and 571 children were assessed. Among women with SMM, increased rates in perinatal deaths, Apgar lower than 7 at five minutes, shorter breastfeeding period, preterm birth (49.0% × 11.1%), low birthweight (45.8% × 11.5%), deficits of weight-for-age [RR 3.11 (1.60-6.04)] and height-for-age [RR 1.52 (1.06-2.19)] and altered Denver Test [RR 1.5 (1.02-2.36)] were more frequently found than in the control group. SMM was not identified as independently associated with any of the main outcomes. SMM showed to be associated with a negative impact on growth and neurodevelopment aspects of perinatal and infant health. These findings suggest that effective health policies directed towards appropriate care of pregnancy may have an impact on the reduction of maternal, neonatal and infant morbidity and mortality.

Poor postnatal weight growth is a late finding after sepsis in very preterm infants

ObjectiveTo characterise the association between sepsis and postnatal weight growth when accounting for the degree of growth restriction present at birth.DesignRetrospective matched cohort study using data from the Postnatal Growth...

Systemic inflammation is negatively associated with early post discharge growth following acute illness among severely malnourished children - a pilot study

Background: Rapid growth should occur among children with severe malnutrition (SM) when medically and nutritionally treated. Systemic inflammation (SI) is associated with death among children with SM and is negatively associated with linear growth. However, the relationship between SI and weight gain during therapeutic feeding following acute illness is unknown. We hypothesised that growth in the first 60 days post-hospital discharge is associated with SI among children with SM. Methods: We conducted secondary analysis of data from HIV-uninfected children with SM (n=98) who survived and were not readmitted to hospital during one year of follow up. We examined the relationship between changes in absolute deficits in weight and mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) from enrolment at stabilisation to 60 days later and untargeted plasma proteome, targeted cytokines/chemokines, leptin, and soluble CD14 (sCD14) using multivariate regularized linear regression. Results: The mean change in absolute deficit in weight and MUAC was -0.50kg (standard deviation; SD±0.69) and -1.20cm (SD±0.89), respectively, from enrolment to 60 days later. During the same period, mean weight and MUAC gain was 3.3g/kg/day (SD±2.4) and 0.22mm/day (SD±0.2), respectively. Enrolment inflammatory cytokines interleukin 17 alpha (IL17α), interleukin 2 (IL2), and serum amyloid P (SAP) were negatively associated with weight and MUAC gain. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and complement component 2 were negatively associated with weight gain only. Leptin was positively associated with weight gain. sCD14, beta-2 microglobulin (β2M), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP1β) were negatively associated with MUAC gain only. Conclusions: Early post-hospital discharge weight and MUAC gain were rapid and comparable to children with uncomplicated SM treated with similar diet in the community. Higher concentrations of SI markers were associated with less weight and MUAC gain, suggesting inflammation negatively impacts recovery from wasting. This finding warrants further research on the role of inflammation on growth among children with SM.

MODERN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PARENTERAL NUTRITION OF NEWBORN

The problem of nutritional deficiency and the formation of postnatal body weight deficit in the first days after birth is characteristic mainly of premature babies. Newborns with very low birth weight have energy reserves that meet their needs only during the first 2-3 days of life. Even full-term babies quickly develop a catabolic type of metabolism if they do not get enough protein and calories. All preterm infants have an extremely low birth weight; there is a risk of early postnatal growth retardation associated with the formation of cumulative nutritional deficiencies and negative neurological consequences remotely. Therefore, an important result of quality medical care for newborns is the achievement of adequate (or as adequate as possible) nutrition, prevents or corrects nutritional deficiencies, and ensures the appropriate growth and development of the child. In the absence of full-fledged enteral feeding for medical reasons, parenteral nutrition is used. The purpose of the presented clinical recommendations is to improve the quality of medical care for significantly premature infants (gestational age less than 32 weeks), newborns with necrotizing enterocolitis, surgical pathology of the digestive tract, etc., by introducing modern approaches to effective and safe parenteral nutrition. The data presented are based on the ESPGHAN / ESPEN / ESPR Guidelines on Pediatric Parenteral Nutrition (2018) and NICE Neonatal Parenteral Nutrition (2020) and are intended for neonatologists, pediatric anesthesiologists, pediatricians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals involved in providing medical care to newborns for daily practice

Fetal programming is a way to prevent diseases in adulthood (literature review)

The article presents the literary review of domestic and foreign sources on fetal programming. Intrauterine programming is the in utero phenomenon that determines the subsequent susceptibility of the body to chronic and acute diseases, which is laid down at the cellular and molecular levels. Currently, this direction is promising and relevant due to the decrease in fertility rates in many countries, the emergence of a large number of low birth weight children and the postponement of childbearing by women to a later age. The article discloses the influence of excess and underweight at birth on the frequency and structure of diseases in adulthood, as well as the key links in the formation of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, osteoporosis, diseases of the cardiovascular system, which are based on various disorders of intrauterine development. The reasons for these disorders are changes in the synthesis of fetal and placental hormones, which regulate metabolism (with a deficit in body weight - the catabolic orientation of metabolism), redistribute blood flow and control growth. The main factors influencing the programming of diseases in the fetus are: nutritional status of the mother, the functioning of the feto-placental system, stress, bad habits, the state of the endocrine and immune systems. Particular attention is paid to the intrauterine effect of hormones such as insulin, cortisol, growth hormone and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The present-day data on the role of essential amino acids, vitamins and microelements in the development of diseases in adulthood are presented. The negative influence of both insufficient and excess vitamins on the intrauterine development of the fetus is shown, and the optimal terms for correcting their balance are indicated.

Self‐compatible blueberry cultivars require fewer floral visits to maximize fruit production than a partially self‐incompatible cultivar

Abstract Effective pollination is a complex phenomenon determined by the outcome of the interaction between pollen transfer and a plants' pollinator dependency, yet most studies investigate pollinator effectiveness without consideration of plant mating system differences. We investigated pollinator effectiveness in three types of blueberry that differed in their degree of pollinator dependency as measured by plant mating system: two self‐compatible highbush cultivars and one partially self‐incompatible rabbiteye cultivar. We quantified pollinator effectiveness as a function of the fruit set and fruit weight resulting from single and multiple floral visits (2–15 visits), in comparison with estimates of fruit set and fruit weight resulting from experimental pollination treatments (open‐pollination, cross‐pollination and self‐pollination). Single‐visit effectiveness of fruit set was similar across pollinator taxa but considerably higher in both self‐compatible cultivars. The probability of fruit set in all three blueberry types improved in response to an increasing number of visits, but this relationship was steeper in self‐compatible cultivars: >90% probability of fruit set was achieved in three to five visits. In the self‐incompatible rabbiteye cultivar, 58% fruit set was achieved with 15 visits. Multiple visits improved fruit weight by 27%–48% in self‐compatible cultivars, but there was no relationship in rabbiteye. Pollination deficits in fruit set and fruit weight due to self‐pollination were most pronounced in rabbiteye. Synthesis and applications. Improved understanding of cultivar‐level mating system differences in plants will inform pollination planning and management in agroecosystems. Self‐compatible (highbush) cultivars require less floral visitation to maximize fruit production. Therefore, these cultivars may be best suited to landscapes in which pollinator abundance is low, such as intensive and/or simple landscapes. In contrast, self‐incompatible (rabbiteye) cultivars may benefit from the implementation of mixed‐cultivar crop row plantings to facilitate cross‐pollination.

The frequency of obesity in patients with acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND: In the XXI century, the frequency of pancreas diseases increased 23 times. The expectation that causes a pandemic lead to the development of a number of diseases. The results of studies on the relationship of overweight, obesity with the risk of developing pancreas diseases (acute pancreatitis (AP), chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreas cancer (PC)) are very heterogeneous (for AP and PC) and not numerous (for CP).
 AIMS: to identify the frequency of obesity in AP patients (APр), CP patients (СPр) and PC patients (PCр) and compare these parameters.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: at the observational multicenter clinical cross-sectional uncontrolled case-study 44 APp, 97 CPp and 45 PCp were examined; the groups were comparable by sex/age. Informed consent form for participate in the study was obtained from all patients. The main outcome of the study: the frequency of obesity in APp, CPp; PCp.
 RESULTS: The frequency of obesity in APp (13,6%), CPp (24,7%) and PCp (20,0%) did not differ significantly. Among the examined patients, the lowest average BMI (24,20,7 kg/m2) was observed in APp (p=0,049). BMI 22,5 kg/m2 was found to be associated with AP (OR=0,398; 95%CI 0,1950,812; p=0,011). An inverse relationship was shown between the BMI and definite CP (Exp (B)=0,772; 95%CI 0,6320,942; p=0,011). In men with CP and in CPp alcoholic etiology, weight deficit was observed significantly more often than in women with CP and in CPp biliary etiology, respectively. Earlier (a year before the present survey), obesity was more common in PCp (55,6%) than in APp (13,6%, 2=3,3; p=0,000) and CPp (25,8%, 2=12,0; p=0,001). A history of obesity (in our study one year before PC detection) and PC (OR=4,435; 95% CI 2,1809,025; p=0,000) direct relationship was shown.
 CONCLUSIONS: the frequency of obesity in APp, CPp and PCp was similar. The average BMI was higher in APp, than in CPp and PCp. BMI22,5 kg/m2 was a protective factor for AP. BMI was inversely associated with defined CP. A history of obesity was directly associated with PC.

N-Acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) Pretreatment Reduces Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage and Oxidative Stress in Neonatal Rats.

N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), the most abundant peptide transmitter in the mammalian nervous system, activates mGluR3 at presynaptic sites, inhibiting the release of glutamate, and acts on mGluR3 on astrocytes, stimulating the release of neuroprotective growth factors (TGF-β). NAAG can also affect N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in both synaptic and extrasynaptic regions. NAAG reduces neurodegeneration in a neonatal rat model of hypoxia-ischemia (HI), although the exact mechanism is not fully recognized. In the present study, the effect of NAAG application 24 or 1 h before experimental birth asphyxia on oxidative stress markers and the potential mechanisms of neuroprotection on 7-day old rats was investigated. The intraperitoneal application of NAAG at either time point before HI significantly reduced the weight deficit of the ischemic brain hemisphere, radical oxygen species (ROS) content and activity of antioxidant enzymes, and increased the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH). No additional increase in the TGF-β concentration was observed after NAAG application. The fast metabolism of NAAG and the decrease in TGF-β concentration that resulted from NAAG pretreatment, performed up to 24 h before HI, excluded the involvement mGluR3 in neuroprotection. The observed effect may be explained by the activation of NMDA receptors induced by NAAG pretreatment 24 h before HI. Inhibition of the NAAG effect by memantine supports this conclusion. NAAG preconditioning 1 h before HI results in a mixture of mGluR3 and NMDA receptor activation. Preconditioning with NAAG induces the antioxidative defense system triggered by mild excitotoxicity in neurons. Moreover, this response to NAAG pretreatment is consistent with the commonly accepted mechanism of preconditioning. However, this theory requires further investigation.

Histological Analysis of Reproductive System in Low-Dose Nonylphenol-treated F1 Female Mice.

Previously, we reported adverse effects of low-dose nonylphenol (NP) exposure on the reproductive parameters of F1 female mice. In the present study we further investigated the pathohistological effect of NP exposure on the reproductive organs in F1 female mice. NP exposures were continuously conducted from parental pre-mating period until the postnatal day (PND) 33 of F1 offspring for vaginal examination. Mice were sacrificed on PND 30 and the reproductive tissue weights were measured. The initial (at PND 21) body weights of the NP-50 group animals were significantly lower than those of control group animals, and the weight deficit were recovered when the terminal (PND 33) body weights were measured. Early vaginal opening was found in NP group animals (p<0.05). Pathohistological studies revealed that NP-treated F1 animals showed prominent increase in the ovarian follicle numbers (p<0.01), and decrease in the diameter of uterine myometrium (p<0.01), and increase in the diameter of luminal epithelium (p<0.05). The present study demonstrated that the subchronic low-dose NP exposure induced early beginning of puberty and pathohistological abnormalities in ovary and uterus of F1 mice. Further studies are needed to achieve a better understanding on the action mechanism of NP in pubertal onset and to find a way to avoid a hazardous situation provoked by NP exposure.

Clinical, Electrodiagnostic Findings and Quality of Life of Dogs and Cats with Brachial Plexus Injury.

Brachial plexus injury (BPI) represents a common consequence of road traffic accidents in humans and small animals. In humans, neuropathic pain is a common symptom after BPI. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical signs, the electrodiagnostic findings, the outcome and the quality of life (QoL) of a cohort of dogs and cats with BPI. Clinical records of 40 dogs and 26 cats with BPI were retrospectively reviewed. Specific attention was put on the evaluation of electrodiagnostic findings (35/40 dogs; 14/26 cats) and telephonic interview results (26/40 dogs; 18/26 cats). The most common neurological condition was the inability to bear weight and sensory deficits on the affected limb. Radial and ulnar motor nerve conduction studies (MNCSs) were absent respectively in 47% (radial) and 62% (ulnar) of dogs and 57% (radial) and 57% (ulnar) of cats. The absence of radial (p = 0.003) and ulnar (p = 0.007) MNCSs in dogs and ulnar MNCSs in cats (p = 0.02) was significantly associated to the amputation of the affected limb. The owners described signs of pain/discomfort in 73% of dogs and 56% of cats. This is the first report suggesting that neuropathic pain/discomfort should be adequately considered in order to improve the QoL.

MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG MALES IN COMBAT SPORTS

Aim. The article aims to determine the functional characteristics of the cardiovascular system in adolescents and young males in combat sports depending on their body type. Materials and methods. Adolescents and young males of the yakut population (freestyle wrestlers and boxers) were examined. The indicators of 42 athletes were studied. Anthropometric and somatometric methods were used. The somatotype was determined by Pignet and Rees-Eysenck indices. The cardiovascular system was studied by the index of functional changes. Blood pressure measurements and pulse counts were performed before and after exercise. The following physical activity was proposed: extended arm squats with a frequency of 20 squats in 30 seconds. Statistical processing was carried out using the SPSS 17.0 software package. Parametric and nonparametric methods of statistical analysis were applied. Results. In terms of body mass index, 14.3 % of the surveyed persons had insufficient body weight, 85.7 % – normal body weight. Overweight and obesity in athletes were not detected. Only persons of teenage age had a body weight deficit. It was established that persons with a strong physique according to the Pignet index and a normostenic somatotype according to the Rees-Eysenck index possessed significantly larger reserve and recovery abilities of the cardiovascular system. Conclusion. The obtained morphofunctional characteristics can be taken into account when selecting athletes to achieve higher sports results

The ameliorative effects of a phenolic derivative of Moringa oleifera leave against vanadium-induced neurotoxicity in mice

Vanadium, a transition series metal released during some industrial activities, induces oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Ameliorative effect of a pure compound from the methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves, code-named MIMO2, in 14-day old mice administered with vanadium (as sodium metavanadate 3mg/kg) for 2 weeks was assessed. Results from body weight monitoring, muscular strength, and open field showed slight reduction in body weight and locomotion deficit in vanadium-exposed mice, ameliorated with MIMO2 co-administration. Degeneration of the Purkinje cell layer and neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region were observed in vanadium-exposed mice and both appeared significantly reduced with MIMO2 co-administration. Demyelination involving the midline of the corpus callosum, somatosensory and retrosplenial cortices was also reduced with MIMO2. Microglia activation and astrogliosis observed through immunohistochemistry were also alleviated. Immunohistochemistry for myelin, axons and oligodendrocyte lineage cells were also carried out and showed that in vanadium-treated mice brains, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells increased NG2 immunolabelling with hypertrophy and bushy, ramified appearance of their processes. MIMO2 displayed ameliorative and antioxidative effects in vanadium-induced neurotoxicity in experimental murine species. This is likely the first time MIMO2 is being used in vivo in an animal model.

Posibles efectos de la campaña de salud alimentaria: Chécate, mídete, muévete en estudiantes universitarios en Cuajimalpa, México

Objetivo: analizar los posibles efectos de la campaña Chécate, mídete, muévete en estudiantes universitarios de Cuajimalpa. La campaña asume que los problemas de peso se deben a una falta de información. Metodología: se parte del supuesto de que quienes desean tener un peso saludable deben conocer su propio peso corporal. Se usa una muestra de 512 estudiantes universitarios (230 mujeres) para evaluar la importancia del peso declarado, los hábitos de ingesta de alimentos, las opiniones sobre la autoimagen, actividad física, la salud y los antecedentes familiares de obesidad, sobre el peso observado de los participantes. Se utilizan regresiones de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios para estimar empíricamente la relación señalada. Resultados: el 49.1 % de las mujeres expresó interés por saber su peso, así como el 50,4% de los hombres. El conocimiento del peso propio fue un determinante significativo del peso corporal para las mujeres y para quienes se encontraron dentro de los niveles saludables de IMC. Limitaciones: la muestra es representativa sólo de la población de la universidad donde se tomó, y que no permite hacer inferencias sobre otras poblaciones. Conclusiones: la campaña estudiada, pudo ser efectiva para las mujeres y las personas que tienen un peso saludable, pero no para los hombres, ni para las personas con obesidad, sobre peso y déficit de peso.

ФИЗИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ ДЕТЕЙ С ВРОЖДЕННЫМИ ПОРОКАМИ РАЗВИТИЯ

The article presents the results of a study of the physical development of healthy children and children with congenital malformations under the age of 2 years. It was found that the body weight of children with congenital malformations in all age periods is lower than that of healthy children (P&lt;0.01, P&lt;0.05); the growth of healthy children is significantly higher than that of children with congenital malformations (P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.001). The prevalence of age-appropriate harmonious physical development in healthy children at birth (60%); in the dynamics of significant are high disharmonious development, upper middle and secondary harmonious development (girls); the average upper middle and harmonious development, upper middle disharmonious development (boys). Children with congenital malformations are characterized by a decrease in the proportion of harmonious physical development (53.2%), an increase in the proportion of sharply disharmonious development (20.4%), a significant frequency of children with body weight deficit (30.7%). In all age periods significant are: average harmonious development, average disharmonious development with excess body weight of 1 degree and deficiency of body weight of 1 degree (girls); average harmonious development, low sharply disharmonious development with deficiency of body weight of 1-2 degrees, average sharply disharmonious development with deficiency of body weight of 2 degrees (boys). For children with severe congenital malformations and lethal outcome in the neonatal period is characterized by disharmonious mortalitate at birth (60-65%). Prevail low and below average indicators of physical development with deficiency of body weight of 1-2 degrees.

Nutritional status of a population with moderate-severe cerebral palsy: Beyond the weight

IntroductionCerebral palsy (CP) is the most frequent cause of motor disability in the paediatric age. The aim of this article is the study of the nutritional status of patients with CP followed-up in a reference hospital, as well as the relationship between neurological and nutritional state. Material and methodsA cross-sectional, observational, descriptive and analytical study was conducted on a sample consisting of 4–15 year old patients with CP with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) grades III–IV–V, from a specialised paediatric hospital reference area. An interview (collection of general data, medications and nutritional habits), anthropometric study and bioimpedance (BIA) measurements were carried out. ResultsThe study included 69 patients (recruitment 84.15%), with a mean age of 10.46±0.43 years, and 50.7% females. The distribution according to GMFCS scale was: grade III (36.2%), grade IV (29%), and grade V (34.8%). According to weight for height: moderate malnutrition 21.8% (grade V: 33.3%), severe malnutrition 5.8% (grade V: 12.6%), overweight/obesity 23.2% (grade III: 24%, grade IV: 35%). Adequate level of lean mass for height: grade III (36%), grade IV (55%), and grade V (16.7%). Fat excess: grade III (36%), grade IV (40%), and grade V (29.2%). Fat mass comparison: BIA 6.89±0.64kg versus anthropometry 5.56±4.43kg. ConclusionsIn CP grade GMFCS V, the weight deficit associated with a decrease in lean body mass is common. Patients with CP grades GMFCS III–IV have a significant prevalence of overweight/obesity. Anthropometry is a useful tool for nutritional assessment in children with CP, although fat levels could be underestimated.