Deficiency In Pregnant Women Research Articles

The Effect of Cord Blood Vitamin D Level on Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Other Neonatal Morbidities in Preterm Infants

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the relationship between cord 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and bronchopulmonary dysplasia and other neonatal morbidities (sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, patent ductus arteriosus, respiratory distress syndrome, retinopathy of prematurity) in preterm neonates. STUDY DESIGN: Infants aged <32 gestational weeks who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit between March 2014 and November 2014 were enrolled in this prospective study. Cord blood samples were obtained during delivery. 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Patients were divided into two groups according to their 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: 25-hydroxyvitamin D <20 ng/mL and 25-hydroxyvitamin D ≥20 ng/mL. We used descriptive statistics and multiple regression models to identify risk factors associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. RESULTS: Sixty premature infants were analyzed in this study. The mean cord 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was 13,8±6,8 ng/mL (range 3,5-30,7 ng/mL). Eighty percent of the patients (48/60) had 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels <20 ng/mL. Among the infants, 21 (35%) developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia had higher frequencies of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency than the non-bronchopulmonary dysplasia group (p=0.028). Duration of hospitalization was also longer in infants with low levels of cord 25-hydroxyvitamin D. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between infants with and without vitamin D deficiency with respect to respiratory distress syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, and intraventricular hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: This study shows the high rate of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women in the central Anatolian region (Sivas) of Turkey. Low cord 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were associated with an increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and prolonged hospitalization in very preterm infants. These data strengthen the necessity for vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy.

Chronic Energy Deficiency in Women from Muna District: Association with Body Image and Knowledge

One of the nutritional problems in pregnant women is Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED). Chronic Energy Deficiency is a condition of pregnant women who suffer from a long-lasting (chronic) lack of food with various health problems in pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the incidence of Chronic Energy Deficiency in pregnant women in Muna Regency. The focus of this research is on pregnant women in the working area of the Maabodo Health Center. The type of research used in this study is a quantitative research type with an analytical survey design with a cross-sectional approach. This research was conducted in the working area of the Maabodo Health Center, Muna Regency and this study was conducted in September 2020. The population in this study were all pregnant women in the working area of the Maabodo Health Center as many as 57 people using a total sampling technique. Based on the results of the chi-square test, there is a relationship between knowledge and the incidence of CED (p-value = 0.026) and there is a relationship between body image and the incidence of CED (p-value = 0.009). However, there is no relationship between parity and the incidence of CED (p-value = 0.110). This study found that the mother's knowledge factor and mother's body image played an important role in preventing the occurrence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in pregnant women in Indonesia.

Knowledge of Folic Acid Supplementation among Pregnant Women at a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria

Background: Folic acid is an essential water-soluble vitamin that cannot be synthesized in the human body and so its major source is from diet. It plays an important role in embryonic development. Folic acid deficiency in pregnant women results in megaloblastic anaemia, increased risk of preterm delivery and neural tube defects. The assessment of its knowledge is essential in preventing neural tube defects.
 Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness and knowledge of folic acid as a preventive measure for neural tube defects, and their determinants amongst pregnant women at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.
 Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 451 antenatal attendees at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital from January 1 to March 31, 2020. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information from the women after consent was given. Data obtained was collated, entered in a spread sheet, and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results are expressed in means and percentages. The confidence interval was set at 95% and a p-value of < 0.05 was statistically significant. Chi square test and Pearson’s correlation were used to determine association between knowledge of folic acid and variables.
 Results: Majority 258 (57.2%) of the women were aged 30-39 years and were mostly nulliparous 122 (27.1%). Over two-third 330 (73.2%) had post-secondary education and almost all 409 (90.7%) of the women were married. Most 375 (83.1%) of the pregnant women were aware of folic acid and its use in peri-conception care. The main source of information was from healthcare workers (54.8%), followed by family and friends (14.6%) and online media (12.0%). Only 169 (37.5%) were aware of the role of folic acid in preventing NTDs. Knowledge about the role of folic acid in the prevention of neural tube defects was significantly associated with younger age, post-secondary education, occupation, and low parity (p value <0.05).
 Conclusion: Age, educational level, occupation, and parity were significantly predictive of knowledge of folic acid in the prevention of neural tube defects.

Hubungan Riwayat Penyakit KEK, Pola Makan, dan Hiperemesis Gravidarum dengan Kejadian Kekurangan Energi Kronik Pada Ibu Hamil Puskesmas Dana Mulya Kecamatan Pulau Rimau Kabupaten Banyuasin Tahun 2021

Health problems in pregnant women are indeed complex problems. In Indonesia in 2017, there were 44,460 pregnant women with obstetric complications and a maternal mortality rate of 91 people per 100,000 live births. One of the factors for the high maternal mortality rate is the presence of high-risk pregnancies, namely, pregnancies accompanied by diseases or conditions that can have an adverse impact on the mother or fetus. Objective: To determine the relationship between history of KEK, diet, and hyperemesis gravidarum with the incidence of chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women at the Dana Mulya Health Center, Pulau Rimau, Banyuasin Regency in 2021. The research design that will be used in this study is descriptive analytic with a cross sectional approach. This research was carried out at the Dana Mulya Health Center, Rimau Island District, Banyuasin Regency. The sample in this study amounted to 56 respondents. The results of the bivariate analysis of the history of KEK variable obtained p-value 0.000, dietary variables obtained p-value 0.000, hyperemesis gravidarum variable obtained p-value 0.003. This means that the hypothesis is accepted that there is a relationship between hyperemesis gravidarum, history of SEZ, diet and the incidence of CED in pregnant women at the Dana Mulya Health Center, Rimau Island District, Banyuasin Regency in 2021.

To Study the Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Third Trimester and Feto-Maternal Outcome.

Aim: To estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in third trimester and itscorrelation with feto-maternal outcome
 Material and Methods: Present study was conducted 200 pregnant women who were admitted to the labor room in the third trimester in the department of Obstetrics & Gynecology of Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Solan (H.P.) for delivery after fulfilling the inclusion & exclusion criteria. Detailed history including complete demographic information, past medical history, dietary history, previous menstrual & obstetric history, any antenatal complications. Delivery details including mode of delivery, birth weight and APGAR scores were recorded on the proforma. Serum vitamin D was estimated fromthe maternal blood sample. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH) D levels in blood less than 20 ng/ml, and insufficiency of vitamin D was defined as 25(OH) D levels between 20-30 ng/ml.Results: In this study, there was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (93.5%) in the pregnant women though there was no significant difference in socio-demographic factors in the deficient and non-deficient group. Present study showed that the proportion of vitamin D deficient pregnant women having maternal complications and NICU admission was statistically significant as compared to the non-deficient group (p=0.0109) and (p=0.0384) respectively.
 Conclusion: Maternal complications, increased cesarean section rate and NICU admission weremore associated with hypovitaminosis D but any causal relationship between vitaminD deficiency and pregnancy complications was not found in this study design. Wepropose that vitamin D supplementation is simple and economical, and hence weshould incorporate vitamin D testing, increase its awareness and treat its deficiency inadolescence, pre-conceptional period or 1st trimester to avoid maternal complicationsand poor fetal outcome.
 Keywords: Vitamin D Deficiency, Third trimester, Fetal outcome, Maternal outcomex

Usia dengan Kejadian Anemia dan Defisiensi Zat Besi pada Ibu Hamil

This study aims to describe the iron profile of pregnant women at risky ages in the Kepahiang District. The method used is descriptive-analytic with a cross-sectional design. The research sample was 100 pregnant women in the second and third trimesters randomly from 14 working areas of the Public Health Center in Kepahiang Regency. Determination of anemia and iron deficiency status is carried out based on blood sampling to measure hemoglobin levels and serum iron levels. The results showed that most of the respondents (55%) were at risky age and almost all (75%) had anemia and as many as 51 respondents had iron deficiency. The bivariate analysis results obtained a value of p = 0.049 and PR = 2.820 for the relationship between age and the incidence of anemia and p = 0.003 and PR = 3.789 for the relationship between age and the incidence of iron deficiency. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between age and the incidence of anemia and between age and iron deficiency in pregnant women in Kepahiang Regency.
 Keywords: Anemia, Deficiency, Pregnant Women, Age, Iron

Homocysteine Role in Neural Tube Defect: A Review Paper

Folic acid, when administered periconceptionally, is now well recognized as having the potential to prevent a variety of neural tube disorders. Folic acid seems not to treat a nutritional deficiency in pregnant women, according to a recent research. Rather, it seems that these neural tube anomalies are caused by a metabolic flaw or errors, which may be corrected with enough folic acid. Folic acid seems to have the most influence on homocysteine metabolism, according to a new research. We observed that moms who were carrying diseased fetuses had much greater homocysteine levels than those who were not. These data suggest that one of the enzymes involved in homocysteine metabolism is likely to be aberrant in afflicted pregnancies. The conversion of homocysteine to methionine may be the essential stage, according to animal research. In cultured rat embryos, methionine is necessary for neural tube closure. Homocysteine metabolism necessitates the enzymes methionine synthase, cystathionine synthase, and 5, 10 methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase. If methionine synthase is the dominant enzyme, vitamin B-12, such as folic acid, has a higher chance of activating the aberrant enzyme, posing a public health risk. Vitamin B-12 may find things simpler to limit the amount of folic acid in fortified foods, reducing the risk of folic acid overdose.

Correlation between Maternal Vitamin D and Thyroid Function in Pregnancy with Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women to investigate the relationship between vitamin D level and thyroid function. Methods In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a total number of 66 patients during the three trimesters of pregnancy were investigated; 22 pregnant women were studied in each trimester of pregnancy. We evaluated thyroid function tests and thyroid autoantibodies (TPOAb and TGAb), as well as the serum level of 25OHD, to determine the relationship between vitamin D level and autoimmune or non-autoimmune thyroid disease in pregnancy. Results Pearson's correlation in all subjects showed that vitamin D levels did not have a significant relationship with maternal age. Only in the third trimester, there was a significant difference in maternal age based on their vitamin D status. There was no significant difference between the trimesters of pregnancy and vitamin D status (P > 0.05). Also, there were no significant differences between serum levels of vitamin D within three trimesters. Examination of thyroid function tests during pregnancy in relation to vitamin D showed that there was no significant Spearman's correlation between thyroid function status and serum vitamin D level (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean level of serum 25OH vitamin D in each subgroup of thyroid status (P > 0.05). Regarding the pregnancy outcomes, two newborns were admitted to NICU, meconium aspiration was in one case, and IUFD in another case led to pregnancy termination. These four cases were related to the maternal history of hypothyroidism. Conclusion There was no significant relationship between vitamin D and pregnancy trimester. The serum level of vitamin D had no particular effect on the outcome of pregnancy and the thyroid gland function.

Efficacy and Safety of Ferrous Bisglycinate and Folinic Acid in the Control of Iron Deficiency in Pregnant Women: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Iron deficiency in pregnancy is a major public health problem that causes maternal complications. The objective of this randomized, controlled trial was to examine the bioavailability, efficacy, and safety of oral ferrous bisglycinate plus folinic acid supplementation in pregnant women with iron deficiency. Subjects (12–16 weeks of gestation, n = 120) were randomly allocated to receive oral iron as ferrous bisglycinate (equiv. iron 24 mg) in supplement form with folinic acid and multivitamins (test group, n = 60) or as ferrous fumarate (equiv. iron 66 mg iron, control group, n = 60) after breakfast daily. Iron absorption was assessed by measuring fasted serum iron levels at 1 and 2 h immediately after supplementation. Hematological biomarkers and iron status were assessed before intervention, and at 3 and 6 months. Side effects were monitored throughout the intervention. A significant increase in serum iron was seen in both groups (p < 0.001) during the bioavailability assessment; however, the test group increases were comparatively higher than the control values at each timepoint (p < 0.001). Similarly, both test and control groups demonstrated a statistically significant increases in hemoglobin (Hb) (p < 0.001), erythrocytes (p < 0.001), reticulocytes (p < 0.001), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (p < 0.001), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (p < 0.001), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (p < 0.001), % transferrin saturation (p < 0.001), and ferritin (p < 0.001) at 3 and 6 months after supplementation. However, in all cases, the test group increases were numerically larger than the control group increases at each timepoint. The test intervention was also associated with significantly fewer reports of nausea, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, or metallic taste (p < 0.001). In conclusion, ferrous bisglycinate with folinic acid as a multivitamin nutraceutical format is comparable to standard ferrous fumarate for the clinical management of iron deficiency during pregnancy, with comparatively better absorption, tolerability, and efficacy and with a lower elemental iron dosage.

The predictive value indicators of first trimester biochemical screening in assessing unfavorable factors of pregnancy course in women with HIV as well as hepatitis B and C

Aim: to find out the predictive value of blood serum biochemical parameters PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein A) and β-hCG (beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin) in the assessment of unfavorable pregnancy outcomes in women infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as viral hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV).Materials and Methods. A retrospective study of the medical records from 52 women was carried out, including 19 HIV-infected women, 9 women with monoinfection HBV or HCV, 11 pregnant women who were co-infected (HIV/HBV or HIV/HCV) and 13 uninfected women. PAPP-A and β-hCG levels, expressed as MoM (multiple of median), were evaluated in all women.Results. Our study revealed that only PAPP-A was prognostically significant for developing chronic placental insufficiency in women with HIV infection and co-infection of HIV together hepatitis B and C. None of the parameters examined were significant in women with HBV or HCV monoinfection. PAPP-A and β-hCG in pregnant women without infections were effective in predicting development of chronic placental insufficiency.Conclusion. PAPP-A can be used as a diagnostic parameter of developing chronic placental insufficiency in pregnant women with monoinfection HIV and co-infection with HIV/HBV or HIV/HCV.

Empowerment of fishermen in managing processed Rebon Shrimp-Based Food Products in Coastal "Communities"

The fishing community is one of the communities identified as poor, about 90% of the 16.2 million people are below the poverty line, the abundant marine wealth should be able to support the economy, but in reality it is not as expected. Poverty experienced by the community has an impact on the health status of the family including the inability to access health facilities, Chronic Energy Deficiency in pregnant women and malnutrition in children. Rebon shrimp is a marine product that contains multi micronutrients, has direct benefits for health and can be processed into various products. Raw rebon shrimp in the market are sold at very cheap prices ranging from Rp. 60,000- s/d 90,000/ Kilo, the fragrant and distinctive smell has its own charm, but the low knowledge of mothers in producing household processed food products, product packaging, business licensing, and marketing of products is a common obstacle to product development. nutritious and hygienic. For this reason, through this Community Service activity, training on Food Product Processing made from rebon shrimp will be carried out which can help increase family income. The main target partners include women fishermen, head of RT, head of RW, TP-PKK, Posyandu cadres, while supporting partners are the head of the West Sorong District, Department of Health, Health Polytechnic of Sorong and the Department of Industry. The implementation time is 2 days, starting on June 10, 2021 until June 11, 2021. Mandatory output results in the form of scientific publications in accredited national journals. While the additional output in the form of intellectual property rights.

Relationship between Vitamin D Level and Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

The aim was to investigate the relationship between the vitamin D (VitD) level and the incidence rate of subclinical hypothyroidism in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in early pregnancy. Ninety eligible patients who underwent physical examination from March 2015 to September 2017 were selected. The levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-VD), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were measured. The correlations of VitD level with those of thyroid function-related indices were analyzed. The serum 25-OH-VD level was (17.82 ± 3.45) ng/mL in the 90 GDM patients in early pregnancy, including 64.44% patients in VitD deficiency group, 22.22% patients in VitD insufficiency group, and 13.33% in VitD sufficiency group. No significant differences in the levels of serum FT4, FT3, and TSH were found among different VitD groups (p > 0.05), but the level of TPOAb gradually decreased (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of subclinical hypothyroidism among different VitD groups (p > 0.05). VitD level was not correlated with those of FT4, FT3, and TSH (p > 0.05), but negatively correlated with that of TPOAb (p < 0.05). An increase of TPOAb level raised the risk of VitD deficiency in pregnant women (p < 0.05). Patients suffered from significant 25-OH-VD deficiency in spring and winter (p < 0.05). GDM patients in early pregnancy display VitD deficiency, and their serum 25-OH-VD level is affected by seasons and not significantly related to subclinical hypothyroidism. However, the increased level of TPOAb may raise the risk of VitD deficiency in pregnant women.

Pemberian Makanan Tambahan pada Ibu Hamil KEK di Puskesmas Karya Wanita Pekanbaru

Chronic Energy Deficiency in pregnant women is a condition of pregnant women due to an imbalance in the intake of energy and protein nutrients, so that the substances the body needs are not fulfilled. Incident chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women have a risk of abortion, bleeding, prolonged labor, infection, low birth weight baby, birth defects, and causes of death indirectly. An attemt to resolve the incidence of malnutrition in pregnant women in chronic energy deficiency with supplementary food. Type of qualitative research. Research informants were pregnant women chronic energy deficiency, nutrition staff, midwives, health promotion officers, and cadres. Research results are the knowledge of pregnant women in chronic energy deficiency about supplementary feeding is stil lacking, the attitudes of pregnant women in chronic energy deficiency and their husband’s support about supplementary feeding are already good, compliance of pregnant women in chronic energy deficiency is still lacking, acceptance of pregnant women in chronic energy deficiency about supplementary feeding is stil lacking, delivery of information when counseling needs to be improved by using the contemporary method, distribution of supplementary feeding for Puskesmas officers in collaboration with cadres. Advice doing technical guidance to health workers about supplementary feeding, health workers increase again in providing information related to supplementary feeding, provide information using digital media such as video, made a special trick of setting an alarm as a reminder to consume supplementary feeding, make derivate technical guidelines from the ministry of helath according to conditions in the field.

Iodine intake and neonatal thyroid function: A never-ending story

Iodine deficiency in pregnant women can lead to abortion, dysgravidy, intrauterine growth restriction, premature birth, low birth weight, which places the pregnant woman in a group with increased vulnerability to the lack of adequate amounts of iodine. Iodine deficiency in pregnancy can lead to increased perinatal and infant mortality and the prevalence of congenital anomalies. All these aspects shed new light on the many side effects of iodine deficiency during pregnancy. The present paper aligns with the general trend of assessing the maternal-fetal thyroid hormone status and establishing the most accurate indicators for its quantification and taking into account the degree of iodine deficiency and prematurity.

Risk Factors Of Chronic Energy Lack In Pregnant Women

Abstract&#x0D; During pregnancy, the mother's body metabolism will increase to support fetalgrowth and development, increase in uterine organs, changes in bodycomposition and metabolism mother. Therefore, the need for energy and othernutrients will also increase during pregnancy. If the nutritional status of themother is less supportive, pregnant women will experience nutritional problemssuch as chronic energy deficiency (KEK) and nutritional anemia (Handayani &amp;Budianingrum, 2011).Objective: To determine the risk factors for the occurrenceof chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women in the work area of thePalembang Superintendent Health Center in 2021.Methods: The design of thisstudy was case-control. This research was conducted at the Pembina PublicHealth Center of Palembang City. The research sample was 60 first trimesterpregnant women who were divided into 2 groups, namely the case group and thecontrol group. Results: Based on the results of thestatistical test Chi-Square, itwas found that there was a significant relationship between parity with p = 0.001(OR = 7.5, 95% CI: 2.244-25.062) and pregnancy interval with a value of p =0.000 (OR = 16, 4, 95%CI: 4,569-59,073) with the risk of Chronic EnergyDeficiency in pregnant women. Conclusion: There is a relationship betweenparity &amp; pregnancy distance to the incidence of chronic energy deficientpregnant women at Pembina Puskesmas Palembang in 2021. Pregnant womenwith risk parity (&gt; 2 children) are 7.5 times at risk of experiencing chronicenergy deficiency and pregnant women with risky pregnancy intervals ( &lt; 2years) 16.4 times the risk of experiencing chronic energy deficiency.&#x0D; Keywords: Risk of Chronic Energy Deficiency, Pregnant Women

Risk Factors Of Chronic Energy Lack In Pregnant Women

Abstract&#x0D; During pregnancy, the mother's body metabolism will increase to support fetalgrowth and development, increase in uterine organs, changes in bodycomposition and metabolism mother. Therefore, the need for energy and othernutrients will also increase during pregnancy. If the nutritional status of themother is less supportive, pregnant women will experience nutritional problemssuch as chronic energy deficiency (KEK) and nutritional anemia (Handayani &amp;Budianingrum, 2011).Objective: To determine the risk factors for the occurrenceof chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women in the work area of thePalembang Superintendent Health Center in 2021.Methods: The design of thisstudy was case-control. This research was conducted at the Pembina PublicHealth Center of Palembang City. The research sample was 60 first trimesterpregnant women who were divided into 2 groups, namely the case group and thecontrol group. Results: Based on the results of thestatistical test Chi-Square, itwas found that there was a significant relationship between parity with p = 0.001(OR = 7.5, 95% CI: 2.244-25.062) and pregnancy interval with a value of p =0.000 (OR = 16, 4, 95%CI: 4,569-59,073) with the risk of Chronic EnergyDeficiency in pregnant women. Conclusion: There is a relationship betweenparity &amp; pregnancy distance to the incidence of chronic energy deficientpregnant women at Pembina Puskesmas Palembang in 2021. Pregnant womenwith risk parity (&gt; 2 children) are 7.5 times at risk of experiencing chronicenergy deficiency and pregnant women with risky pregnancy intervals ( &lt; 2years) 16.4 times the risk of experiencing chronic energy deficiency.&#x0D; Keywords: Risk of Chronic Energy Deficiency, Pregnant Women

FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN KEKURANGAN ENERGI KRONIS ( KEK )PADA IBU HAMIL DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS LIMBOTO

Chronic energy deficiency is a condition of a person suffers from an imbalance in nutrients intake (energy and protein) during pregnancy or persists. The objective of research was to obtain the factors are related with the incidents of chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women. The design used Quantitative analytic survey with cross sectional approach. Collecting sample used random sampling with 190 respondents. Analysis used chi square test with significance ɑ = 0,05, the result obtained there is relationship between economy status with CED ρ = 0,02&lt; 0,05, there is relationship between education with CED ρ = 0,003 &lt; 0,05, and there is relationship between parity and CED with ρ = 0,04 &lt; 0,05. Suggestion is expected to increase in giving a socialization or clearly information to pregnant women about CED.

Features of the morphological structure of the placenta in pregnant women with preeclampsia

To study morphological features of the placenta in women in labor, pregnancy which complicated by preeclampsia we studied 26 placentae, of which 17 were from pregnant women with mild to moderate preeclampsia (basic group) and 9 from healthy women (control group). Histologically the study was conducted with methodically recommendations of T.D. Zadorozhnaya et al. for light microscopy.&#x0D; During the study of morphological features of the placenta in women in labor with preeclampsia were installed morphological changes in the placenta, which reflect a tendency to develop compensatory-adaptive reactions following their stress and exhaustion, which is a sign of placental insufficiency. Received data allow claiming a high frequency of development placental insufficiency in pregnant women with risk factors such as chronic salpingo-oophoritis, anemia, late preeclampsia, and inflammation diseases kidney.

Baseline Hepcidin Does Not Predict the Response to Iron Therapy in Pregnant Women with Iron Deficiency

▪Introduction:Hepcidin, the master regulator of iron economy, is decreased during pregnancy to facilitate adequate iron transfer across the placenta. Conversely, iron need increases substantially during pregnancy often leading to iron deficiency and subsequently anemia. The PREG-01 Study compared the efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) ferric derisomaltose (FDI) vs. oral iron in treating persistent iron deficiency in pregnant women. The study found FDI to be efficacious and well-tolerated in pregnancy and the proportion of non-anaemic patients throughout the course of the study was significantly lower in the FDI group. In this analysis, we investigated the effect of baseline hepcidin on the response to IV and oral iron therapy.Methods:PREG-01 was a single-centre, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Women 14-21 weeks pregnant with persistent iron deficiency (ferritin<30 µg/L despite oral iron treatment) received a single intravenous 1000 mg dose of FDI (n=100) or 100 mg elemental oral iron daily combined with ascorbic acid (n=101). Hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT%) levels were captured at baseline and monitored throughout the study. The effect of baseline hepcidin on achieving non-anemic status (Hb ≥ 11 g/dL) at all study visits and the effect on change in Hb, ferritin and TSAT% were investigated by estimating odds ratios from a logistic regression model with treatment as factor and interaction between treatment and baseline hepcidin. The odds ratio estimate is for an increment in baseline hepcidin of 1 ng/mL.Results:Mean [standard deviation (SD)] baseline Hb was 11.97 (0.93) g/dL in the FDI group and 11.75 (0.91) g/dL in the oral iron group. Baseline hepcidin was 6.42 ng/mL in the FDI and 5.32 ng/mL in the oral iron group. Baseline hepcidin was not associated with the ability to achieve non-anaemic status either in the FDI (OR 0.98; 95% CI: 0.87-1.09) or the oral iron group (OR 0.96; 95% CI: 0.88-1.05). No statistically significant associations were found between baseline hepcidin and change in Hb, ferritin or TSAT% throughout the study (Figure 1).Conclusions:In a population of pregnant women with iron deficiency, but otherwise healthy, baseline hepcidin was overall low. Although there was a trend for an association between baseline hepcidin and Hb response to oral iron only, baseline hepcidin did not predict the response to iron therapy. [Display omitted] DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare. OffLabel Disclosure:Ferric Derisomaltose is an IV iron preparation indicated for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in the US.

Frequency of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: To determine the prevalence of vitamin B-12 deficiency in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, OMC Hospital, Jail Road Lahore from January, 2020 to December, 2020. Methods: Two hundred and thirty pregnant females were enrolled age between 18-45 years. Detailed demographics of enrolled cases age, gestational age, gravidity and body mass index were recorded after taking informed written consent. Among 230 cases, 100 women were non GDM (group I) and 130 had gestational diabetes mellitus (group II). Blood samples were taken from all the patients for measuring vitamin B12 status. Vitamin B12 was defined as &lt;300 pg/ml. Results: Mean age of the patients in group I was 31.64±7.45 years with mean BMI 25.88±8.65 kg/m2 while mean age among GDM group was 34.55±5.71 years with mean BMI 27.36±9.44 kg/m2. Mean gestational age in group I was 33.72±4.21 weeks and in group II 35.08±9.27 weeks. In group I 20 (20%) had vitamin B12 deficiency and in group II rate ofvitamin B12 deficiency was high among 90 (69.2%) cases. We found a significantly relation between vitamin B12 and GDM with p value &lt;0.0007. Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin B-12 deficiency among pregnant women of gestational diabetes mellitus was significantly high as compared to normal pregnant women. Keywords: Pregnant Women, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Vitamin B12 deficiency