Deficiency In Pregnant Women Research Articles

The Relationship Between Chronic Energy Deficiency and Anemia in Pregnant Women at The Madandan Community Health Center Rantetayo District Tana Toraja Regency

Chronic Energy Deficiency in pregnant women negatively impacts maternal health and fetal development, leading to weight loss, fatigue, weakness, and reduced immunity. CED also increases the risk of anemia, which can decrease oxygen supply and disrupt vital organ function. Anemia in pregnant women can cause fatigue, reduced productivity, and a higher risk of pregnancy and childbirth complications. This quantitative cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the relationship between CED and anemia in 40 pregnant women out of a total population of 64 at the Madandan Community Health Center, Tana Toraja. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire, and the analysis employed a chi-square test. The results of Fisher's Exact Test indicated a significant association (p 0.000 < 0.05) between Chronic Energy Deficiency and anemia among pregnant women seeking treatment at the Madandan Community Health Center. The study recommends that community health centers enhance education on balanced nutrition for pregnant women through prenatal clinics, including up-to-date nutritional information, regular health monitoring, and provision of appropriate supplements to reduce the risk of anemia.

8424 Complex Management Of Adrenal Insufficiency In Pregnancy: A Challenging Case

Abstract Disclosure: T. Avanessian: None. H. Alsamarraie: None. Background: Physiologic changes, including changes in the HPA axis and RAAS, during pregnancy pose challenges in the management of adrenal insufficiency in pregnant women. This case report discusses the management of adrenal insufficiency in a young primigravida female with Addison’s disease. Clinical Case: At 19.5 weeks of gestation, a 26-year-old primigravida, previously diagnosed with Addison’s disease 5 years ago, presented to an acute care center for syncopal episodes. The pregnancy had been complicated by persistent nausea and vomiting, labeled as hyperemesis gravidarum, and recurrent syncopal episodes, resulting in 6 ED visits and 3 hospitalizations, with symptoms improving each time after IV hydration and then returning within a few days. At presentation, the patient reported lightheadedness, sweating, palpitations, dyspnea, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and a 10 lb weight loss since the beginning of pregnancy. The pre-pregnancy regimen was hydrocortisone 10 mg in the morning and 5 mg in the afternoon, with fludrocortisone 0.1mg daily. At 8 weeks of gestation, due to increased fatigue and hypotension, the hydrocortisone dose was doubled, while fludrocortisone was continued the same. During admission, blood pressure ranged from 67/37 to 90/56 mmHg, and heart rate ranged between 93-103 bpm. On labs, electrolytes were normal, and the serum renin level was elevated at 5.803 ng/ml/hr (0.167-5.380). Treatment included IV hydration and hydrocortisone 40 mg in the morning and 20 mg in the afternoon. Despite symptom improvement, blood pressure remained low. Thus, fludrocortisone was increased to 0.1 mg twice daily. Within 3 days, all symptoms improved, allowing for the down-titration of the hydrocortisone dose. The patient was discharged with hydrocortisone 30 mg at 8 AM, 10 mg at 3 PM, 5 mg at 7 PM, and fludrocortisone at 0.1 mg twice daily. Conclusion: Managing symptoms of adrenal insufficiency during pregnancy is challenging due to the overlap of symptoms and signs with physiologic manifestations of pregnancy. The use of biochemical testing is limited, given the physiological activation of RAAS and progressive increases in renin, CRH, ACTH (from both pituitary and placental sources), and cortisol during pregnancy. Monitoring mineralocorticoid requirements is further complicated by physiological changes in blood pressure and interstitial fluid status. While some literature suggests that adjusting fludrocortisone may not be necessary, as an increase in glucocorticoid dose can compensate, determining the correct dose of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement should be tailored to each patient and their specific symptoms.

Anaemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in pregnant women in Ghana

Background/Aims Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency worsens the risk of anaemia and complicates gestation and birth if poorly managed. This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with anaemia and this deficiency in pregnant women. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 369 pregnant women at the Cape Coast Metropolitan Hospital, Ghana. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between anaemia and various sociodemographic variables. Results The prevalence of anaemia was 41.2% at 13 weeks' and 66.7% at 36 weeks' gestation. Overall, 29.8% of participants were glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient. Age (P=0.024)and marital status (P=0.009) were significantly associated with anaemia at 13 weeks. Gravidity (P=0.014) and employment status (P=0.001) were significantly associated with anaemia at 36 weeks. Conclusions There was a high prevalence of co-morbid anaemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency at 13 and 36 weeks' gestation. Future studies should consider genetic and dietary factors that may contribute to gestational anaemia. Implications for practice Clinicians and midwives should be aware of the factors that can affect anaemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, particularly in areas where deficiency is prevalent. Early detection could allow individualised treatment.

Mild & moderate iodine deficiency in pregnant women from sub-himalayan regions of india: impact on thyroid status

Mild & moderate iodine deficiency in pregnant women from sub-himalayan regions of india: impact on thyroid status

Estimation of vitamin D status and calcium level among pregnant women in Tikrit city: case control study

The demand for calcium and vitamin D rises during pregnancy, increasing the chance of hypocalcemia and vitamin D deficiency. Hypocalcemia may be associated with pregnancy-related complications. This study thus sought to ascertain the frequency of hypocalcemia and vitamin D insufficiency in pregnant women seeking secondary care, as well as to explore the possible associations between these disorders and pregnancy outcomes. Subjects, Materials and method: This study was conducted without the use of vitamin D supplements in the first, second, and third trimesters at gestational ages more than 40 weeks, even before the convenience sample number 36 became pregnant. Control groups for Case number 10 non pregnant women. The age of cases and control women in range from 20-35years. Using the Roche Cobas e411 immunoassay device, we calculated the serum concentrations of calcium and vitamin D. The study carried out between December 2023 and February 2024 in Tikrit Teaching Hospital. Results: A total of 36 pregnant women were enrolled in the study Mean (SD) serum Vitamin D level was 17.9±0.12mg/dl pregnant women with First trimester, 11.8± 0.18mg/dl pregnant women with second trimester and 10.5 ± 0.20mg/dl pregnant women with third trimester compared with control groups 44.4 ± 0.40 (p-value = <0.001). As well as Mean (SD) serum calcium level was (7.9±0.10, 8.2± 0.18, 7.5 ± 0.20 mg/dl) pregnant women with First, second and third trimester respectively, compared with control groups 8.4 ± 0.40 (p-value = 0.06).

Pregnant women at risk for iodine deficiency but adequate iodine intake in school-aged children of Zhejiang Province, China

The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of school-aged children has been commonly used as a surrogate to assess iodine status of a population including pregnant women. However, pregnant women have higher iodine requirements than children due to increased production of thyroid hormones. The aim of the study was to evaluate the iodine status of pregnant women and children as well as their household salt iodine concentration (SIC) in Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. Eligible pregnant women and children from all six counties of Quzhou in 2021 were recruited into the study. They were asked to complete a socio-demographic questionnaire and provide both a spot urine and a household table salt sample for the determination of UIC and SIC. A total of 629 pregnant women (mean age and gestation weeks of 29.6 years and 21.6 weeks, respectively) and 1273 school-aged children (mean age of 9 years and 49.8% of them were females) were included in the study. The overall median UIC of pregnant women and children in our sample was 127 (82, 193) μg/L and 222 (147, 327) μg/L, respectively, indicating sufficient iodine status in children but a risk of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency in pregnant women. Distribution of iodine nutrition in children varied significantly according to their sex and age (P < 0.05). The rate of adequately household iodised salt samples (18–33 mg/kg) provided by pregnant women and children was 92.4% and 90.6%, respectively. In conclusion, our results indicated a risk of insufficient iodine status in pregnant population of China, but iodine sufficiency in school-aged children. Our data also suggested that median UIC of children may not be used as a surrogate to assess iodine status in pregnant women.

Tuna, Moringa And Tempe As A High Energy, High Protein Gimbap Bite For Pregnant Women With Chronic Energy Deficiency

The problem with nutrition that occurs in mothers pregnant is Chronic Energy Deficiency (KEK). Intake of energy and protein in the mother pregnant classified low below 70% figure adequacy amounting to 52.6% and 52.2%. Treatment to overcome Chronic Energy Deficiency in Pregnant Women by giving additions food made from local tuna, moringa, and tempeh. Obtain formulation tuna , moringa and tempeh as gimbap bite for pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency. This study used type study experiment with design study design random complete (RAL) with treatment formulation of tuna, moringa and tempeh . Experiments carried out consist of three levels of treatment (50:30:20), (45:25:30), and (40:20:40). Amino Acid score was more than 100 and the NPU and VC values were ?70. Data on organoleptic properties were collected by organoleptic test using hedonic method and statistically analyzed using Friedman at the 95% confidence level (p=0,05). Gimbap tuna, moringa, and tempeh in 100 grams own content energy 190.4-192,6 kcal , protein 6.9-7.1 grams, fat 6.1-6.4 grams and carbohydrates 27.2-27,4 grams. Gimbap tuna, moringa, and tempeh were not difference significant color, aroma, taste, and texture (p&gt;0,05). Gimbap with the proportion of tuna 45: Moringa 25: tempeh 35 contains 370,7 kcal , 13.4 grams of protein, 12.3 grams of fat, and 51.9 grams of carbohydrates meets 15,2% of the needs for energy and 21,9% of maternal protein requirements for pregnant women .

Iron deficiency therapy in pregnant women: advantages and new possibilities of iron carboxymaltose

Introduction. Impact of iron deficiency on pregnancy outcomes appears an urgent issue despite generally accepted standards of therapy. Iron needs increase during pregnancy and manifestations of its deficiency reduce QoL in pregnant women and worsen newborn health. Ferric carboxymaltose helps overcome iron deficiency in a quick and efficient manner from the 2nd trimester.Aim. To analyse the results of ferric carboxymaltose therapy of iron deficiency conditions in pregnant women.Materials and methods. In this article we presented our own experience in providing ferric carboxymaltose therapy to treat iron deficiency in 152 pregnant women from the 2nd trimester.Results and discussion. Correction of anaemic syndrome was observed in more than 73.3% (up to 93.3% depending on the severity of primary anaemia) as early as the first week after administration of ferric carboxymaltose. Haemoglobin and ferritin levels at 3 week post-infusion were significantly higher than pre-infusion levels (p &lt; 0.001). Improvement of haemoglobin levels at 6 weeks after initiation of therapy was achieved in all women with mild anaemia and in 98.5% of women with severe anaemia. No definite severe hypersensitivity reactions were detected. The overall incidence of side effects was 10.5%, with headache being the most frequently reported type (7.9%). All pregnancies resulted in a live birth without malformations; the rate of preterm birth was 9.5%.Conclusion. Ferric carboxymaltose is an effective drug to quickly correct iron deficiency in pregnant women with a minimum number of adverse reactions and without negative impact on newborn health.

Iron deficiency in pregnant women: effect on offspring neuropsychic development

Increasing evidence indicates that adversities in utero and early childhood can have long-lasting effects on physiological and mental health not only in childhood but also in adulthood. Micronutrient deficiency, and in particular iron deficiency, is one of the most significant factors. Based on literature data, to determine the effect of iron deficiency in pregnant women on the neuropsychological development of infants, as well as to determine a cohort of pregnant women who need iron supplements. The search was conducted in MEDLINE (from PubMed), EMBASE (from OVID), Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov from 2010 to December 2023 without language restrictions. Data were extracted. Primary outcomes included iron deficiency, serum ferritin less than 15 μg/L in pregnant women, perinatal outcomes, and development of children in infancy. The data of serum ferritin in umbilical cord blood in newborns were compared with the serum ferritin of mothers. Data on iron supplementation and its effect on perinatal outcomes were assessed. Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy in women without IDA or ID reduces the incidence of iron deficiency anemia at the woman’s due date, reduces the incidence of iron deficiency in fullterm neonates, and reduces the incidence of morbidity in low-birth-weight infants. Iron supplementation during pregnancy and the postpartum period is a strategy for timely replenishment of ID and prevention of IDA to reduce cerebral iron deficiency in the fetus and newborn. The absence of side effects and high bioavailability, enhanced by ascorbic acid, allow us to recommend SunActive®Fe Bonoferlat as a daily supplement for pregnant and lactating women, according to WHO recommendations.

Food taboo, dietary diversity and prevalence of chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women living in rural area Indonesia

Background: Chronic energy deficiency is strongly associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. Food taboo and dietary diversity are suspected as main risk factors of chronic energy deficient in pregnant women in rural area. Nevertheless, none studies elaborated the inferential relationship of those factors with chronic energy deficiency during pregnancy. Purpose: to describe dietary diversity score and perception of food taboo and examine it association with chronic energy deficiency prevalence in pregnant women in a rural area Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 178 pregnant women aged 15-45 years. Food taboo and dietary diversity scores was drawn from single 24 hours food recall while the perceived reason of food taboo was assessed by focus group discussion. Chronic energy deficiency was determined by mid-upper arm circumference by standard tape. Food taboo and dietary diversity score interaction was generated and binary logistic regression analysis with α= 5% and 95% confidence interval were performed to provide adjusted associations Results: Almost half of respondents had food taboo (43.8%) and had low dietary diversity score (43%) while one of fifth (19.7%) of respondent were chronic energy deficient. Those with food taboo and low dietary diversity were two times more likely to suffer from chronic energy deficiency. However, only pregnancy related factor (parity) was associated significantly with the outcome. Conclusions: Although the relationship between food taboo and chronic energy deficiency was not statistically significant, pregnant mother with food taboo should be encouraged to have a cultural-specific health and nutrition education.

Training on Early Detection of Chronic Energy Deficiency in Pregnancy

Chronic Energy Deficiency in pregnancy is a condition where pregnant women suffer from a lack of food that lasts for a long time. Pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency have poor eating behavior, which is influenced by knowledge, perception, beliefs and health education. Health education provided by health workers can increase knowledge and change eating behavior and can be done better if assisted by an expert system. The aim of this activity is to train health workers (doctors, midwives, nutritionists) to carry out early detection of chronic energy deficiency in pregnancy using an expert system, increasing knowledge, attitudes and eating behavior of pregnant women. The method that will be carried out is training using the web-based expert system modelangraini.com for health workers, health education for pregnant women, and increasing knowledge and changing eating behavior of pregnant women. This activity was carried out for 1 day and took place in Faculty of Medicine, University of Lampung on Saturday 30 September 2023 with 45 family doctors, midwives and nutritionists in Bandar Lampung City participating. The results of the evaluation of the implementation of the service showed that there was an increase in participants' understanding by 91.1% to good understanding, 8.9% of participants had a fairly good understanding, and no participants had a poor understanding of the causes, risk factors, impacts, prevention methods, and early detection of chronic energy deficiency in pregnancy with techniques that are fast, easy and can help health workers in providing education and interventions on the eating behavior of pregnant women. This training activity can improve the skills of health workers in an effort to increase knowledge, attitudes and eating behavior of pregnant women so that they can prevent, overcome and help reduce the prevalence of chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women and prevent stunting in toddlers. Keywords: early detection, chronic energy deficiency, training, health workers

Risk Factor of Vitamin-D Deficiency in Pregnant Women with COVID-19 Infection: Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Introduction: It has been suggested that coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in pregnant women may be influenced by vitamin D deficiency (VDD). The physiological changes brought on by pregnancy, and the body's partial immune suppression make pregnant women more susceptible to vitamin D deficiency and viral infections. Therefore, this review aims to synthesize the current information on the link between vitamin D levels and the risk of COVID-19 in pregnant women. Material and Methods: A systematic search is conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Articles retrieved were screened based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Studies that assessed the effect of vitamin D levels on pregnant women with COVID-19 infection were considered for the review. Odds ratios with their 95 percent confidence intervals (CI) from a meta-analysis using a random-effects model were reported. Results: Three eligible studies were relevant to the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 infection in pregnant women (n=1005). The metanalysis showed that vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women was 1.8 times (95% confidence interval, OR 1.72 to 1.88; p=0.0005) more likely to be infected with COVID-19. Conclusion: According to our results, vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women may increase the risk of COVID-19 infection. Therefore, we recommend adequate vitamin D levels to prevent COVID-19 and its severity.

Description of Mother's Age and Parity with The Incident of Chronic Energy Deficiency in The 1st Trimester at Kramatwatu Health Center for The Period of October-December

The most common nutritional intake disorder in pregnant women in the first trimester is Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED). CED in pregnant women is a condition where the mother lacks energy and protein intake during pregnancy which can result in health problems for the mother and fetus. A preliminary survey conducted by researchers at the Kramatwatu Community Health Center for the October-December 2022 period included 106 pregnant women in the first trimester. The aim of this research is to determine the description of maternal age and parity with the incidence of chronic energy deficiency in the first trimester at the Kramatwatu Community Health Center for the period October-December 2022. The research method used is descriptive research. The study population was all 106 first trimester pregnant women. Sample on this study included all 106 pregnant women in the first trimester. The sampling technique used in this research was a total sampling technique (non-probability sampling). The data source for this research is secondary data. The results of the research on the incidence of chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women in the first trimester were 35 people (33%). In the age category, a higher proportion was found in the &lt;20 years and &gt;35 years age group, namely 40 people (38%). For parity in the primipara and grandemultipara groups there were 35 people (33%). The incidence of chronic energy deficiency in the first trimester occurred in a higher proportion in the group of mothers aged &lt;20 years and &gt;35 years at 18 (45%). The incidence of chronic energy deficiency in the first trimester was higher in the primipara and grandemultipara groups at 19 people (54.3%). Research Suggestions Health workers at the Kramatwatu Community Health Center can maintain quality health services and provide counseling education to all pregnant women who experience Chronic Energy Deficiency.

Inadequate food diversity and food taboo associated with maternal iron deficiency among pregnant women living in slum settlements in Makassar City, Indonesia.

Anemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. The most common cause is nutritional deficiencies, especially iron deficiency. Adequate nutritional intake from food is essential during pregnancy. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between food access and intake patterns with the incidence of iron deficiency among pregnant women living in the slum settlement in Makassar City. This research is a sub-study of the Indonesian Birth Cohort Study based in Makassar City. This sub-study used a cross-sectional design and recruited 173 pregnant women in their second and third trimesters using total sampling. All data were collected using a structured questionnaire and recorded using KoboToolbox software. Serum ferritin levels were examined for iron status using the ELISA method at the Microbiology Laboratory Unit at Hasanuddin University Teaching Hospital. The statistical data were analyzed using STATA version 14 with Chi-square analysis and logistic regression. The prevalence of iron deficiency in pregnant women living in slum settlements in Makassar City was 78%. Logistic regression analysis showed that inadequate food diversity (AOR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.17-5.69; P = 0.019) and food taboos (AOR: 2.81; 95% CI: 1.26-6.26; P = 0.011) were significantly associated with the incidence. Most pregnant women living in slum settlements in Makassar City experienced iron deficiency. Pregnant women who experience iron shortages have been connected to food taboos and dietary diversity.

ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI KEJADIAN KEKURANGAN ENERGI KRONIS (KEK) PADA IBU HAMIL DI UPT PUSKESMAS MERAL

Chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women is a problem that still occurs today. Chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women can have an impact on the mother's health during pregnancy, childbirth and the health condition of the child to be born. This study used an observation method with a cross-sectional design which aims to determine the factors that influence the incidence of CED in pregnant women at UPT Puskesmas Meral. The population in this study were 167 pregnant women, there were 42 pregnant women who were used as research samples using cluster sampling technique. The factors that influence the occurrence of SEZ are analyzed using multiple logistic regression tests with a 95% confidence level. The results of this study indicate that the income of pregnant women who are classified as below the minimum wage is the most influential independent variable for experiencing chronic energy deficiency (KEK) in pregnant women (p-value 0.208).

Iodineminho Study: Iodine Supplementation and Prevalence of Iodine Deficiency In Pregnant Women.

Iodine is necessary for proper brain development. The prevalence of iodine deficiency in Portuguese pregnant women led the health authorities, in 2013, to recommend iodine supplementation for women in preconception, throughout pregnancy, and during lactation. This work aimed to assess the effect of iodine supplementation initiated in the preconception or the first trimester of pregnancy on the prevalence of iodine deficiency and maternal thyroid status. An observational prospective cohort study was conducted that followed the thyroid function and iodine status of women recruited during preconception or in the first trimester of pregnancy. Median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was significantly higher among women taking iodine supplements (no-supplement group UIC = 63 µg/L; supplement group UIC = 100 µg/L; P = .002) but still below the levels recommended by the World Health Organization. Only 15% of pregnant women had adequate iodine status and 17% showed a UIC of less than 50 µg/L. There was no influence whether iodine supplementation was started during preconception or during the first trimester of gestation (UIC preconception group: 112 µg/L vs UIC pregnancy group: 91 µg/L; P = .569). In the first trimester of pregnancy, total thyroxine levels were lower and free triiodothyronine levels were higher in nonsupplemented women. Thyroglobulin levels were lower in women who started iodine supplementation during preconception compared to nonsupplemented women and women who started iodine supplementation during gestation. In the Minho region of Portugal, fertile women have insufficient iodine intake. Additional public health measures are needed since the current recommendations for iodine supplementation for pregnancy are unsatisfactory to achieve adequate iodine status.

Relationship between prepregnancy BMI and the concentrations of iron, calcium, and magnesium in serum and hair during the first trimester of pregnancy in women

BackgroundIn women of childbearing age, a low dietary supply of iron, calcium, and magnesium is often observed. Minerals deficiency in pregnant women is often associated with abnormal body weight and may impact fetal development disorders. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and the dietary intake of iron, calcium and magnesium and their concentrations in serum and hair in pregnant women. MethodThe study involved 97 Caucasian/white low-risk pregnant women at 12 weeks of gestation. The analysis of minerals in serum and hair samples was performed using atomic absorption spectrometry. Pre-pregnancy BMI was calculated based on self-reported weight. The study used a validated questionnaire and a 24-h recall nutrition interview, which were analyzed using Aliant software. ResultsIt was found that overweight and obese women exhibited higher magnesium concentration in serum, while iron content in serum and hair was markedly lower compared to women with normal body weight. The average total supply of iron was below the recommendation in pregnant women. Moreover, an inverse significant relationship was observed between BMI and iron concentration in hair and serum in the whole population. ConclusionIn conclusion, being overweight or obese before pregnancy is associated with low dietary iron intake and low iron concentration in serum and hair during the first trimester of pregnancy in women.

Quality Evaluation of the Implementation of the Fe Tablet Program for Pregnant Women at Nasywa Clinic, Kisaran

Globally, the prevalence of iron deficiency remains a significant concern among pregnant women, with an estimated 43.9% affected. The estimated prevalence of iron deficiency in pregnant women is 49.4% in Asia, 59.1% in Africa, 28.1% in the Americas, and 26.1% in Europe. The prevalence of substance deficiency in pregnant women in Indonesia remains relatively high, and deficiency plays a role in contributing to the high maternal and infant mortality rates observed in the country (Paridah, 2022). According to the Health Office profile (2020), the TTD coverage in pregnant women in North Sumatra Province in 2019 was 92.49%, representing a decline from the 2018 figure of 94.30%. The provincial coverage remains below the performance indicator and target for nutrition improvement activities in 2019, which is 95%. Furthermore, there was a reduction in the provision of TTD in four districts/cities. In Kisaran City, for instance, the coverage rate decreased from 93.30% in 2018 to 92.93% in 2019. This study employs a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design, with the aim of elucidating the phenomenon of implementing the Fe tablet program at the Nasywa Clinic in Kisaran in 2022. The study at Nasywa Clinic in Kisaran involved 50 pregnant women. It evaluated the Fe tablet supplementation program in 2022, revealing that health workers' collaboration in procuring and planning Fe tablets, along with midwives' distribution efforts, were crucial. However, the program's coverage did not meet targets, and pregnant women's compliance in taking Fe tablets was less than optimal.

Effects of Low Knowledge on Anemia, Weight Gain, and Chronic Energy Deficiency in Pregnant Women

Background: High risks of pregnancy, such as anemia, chronic energy deficiency, and hypertension at risk of emergencies, can be prevented. However, its prevalence is still high. This situation is triggered by a low of information and low knowledge of pregnant women. Purpose: This study was to analyze the effect of the knowledge level of pregnant women with the incidence of anemia, chronic energy deficiency, weight gain, and hypertension as a high risk of pregnancy. Method: A cross-sectional study was used to design this study involving 74 pregnant women selected according to inclusion criteria. A questionnaire measuring tool to collect data on the mother's level of knowledge about the high risk of pregnancy and the incidence of high risk of pregnancy: anemia, lack of protein-energy, weight gain, and hypertension. Analysis of bivariate data using a chi-square test with a confidence level of 0.05. Results: Low knowledge in high-risk pregnant women about one-third (34%), anemia 28.4%, chronic energy deficiency 18.9%, weight gain more than 14.9%, and hypertension 8.1%. Low knowledge of pregnant women affects the incidence of high risk of pregnancy with anemia (p=0.013; OR=3.996), weight gain (p= 0.004; OR=13.44), and chronic energy deficiency (p=0.012; OR=3.778). Meanwhile, the incidence of hypertension does not indicate any association (p = 0.084) Conclusion: Less knowledgeable pregnant women contribute to an increased incidence of high-risk pregnancy and pregnancy complications. Efforts to educate about high-risk and pregnancy complications need to be increased by innovating the development of easy and affordable educational methods, such as online media to increase maternal knowledge.&#x0D; &#x0D; Latar belakang: Risiko tinggi kehamilan, seperti anemia, kekurangan energi kronik dan hipertensi berisiko mengalami kegawatdaruratan, dapat di cegah. Namun, kenyatannya prevalensinya masih tinggi. Keadaan ini dipicu oleh kurang informasi dan pengetahuan kurang pada ibu hamil. Tujuan: Studi ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil dengan kejadian anemia, kekurangan energi kronis, peningkatan berat badan, dan hipertensi sebagai risiko tinggi kehamilan. Metode: Studi cross sectional digunakan sebagai desain penelitian ini yang melibatkan 74 ibu hamil yang dipilih sesuai kriteria inklusi. Alat ukur kuesioner untuk mengumpulkan data tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang risiko tinggi kehamilan dan kejadian risiko tinggi kehamilan: anemia, kekurangan energi kronik, penambahan berat badan dan hipertensi. Analisis data bivariat menggunakan uji chi square dengan tingkat kepercayaan 0,05. Hasil: Pengetahun rendah pada ibu hamil risiko tinggi sekitar sepertiga (34%), mengalami anemia 28,4%, kekurangan energi kronik 18,9%, penambahan berat badan lebih 14,9%, dan hipertensi 8,1%. Pengetahuan rendah ibu hamil berpengaruh terhadap kejadian risiko tinggi kehamilan dengan anemia (p=0.013; OR=3.996), kenaikan berat badan (p=0.004; OR=13.44) dan kekurangan energi kronik (p=0.012; OR=3.778). Sedangkan, kejadian hypertensi tidak menunjukkan ada hubungan (p=0.084). Simpulan: Ibu hamil yang berpengetahuan kurang berkontribusi pada kejadian peningkatan kejadian risiko tinggi kehamilan dan komplikasi kehamilan. Upaya edukasi risiko tinggi dan komplikasi kehamilan perlu ditingkatkan dengan inovasi pengembangan metode edukasi yang mudah dan terjangkau, seperti media online untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu.

NUTRITIONAL ADDITION TO INCREASING THE WEIGHT OF PREGNANT WOMEN WITH CHRONIC ENERGY DEFICIENCY IN THE COASTAL AREA OF KENDARI CITY

Background: Chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women is a problem of nutritional deficiency characterized by upper arm circumference &lt; 23.5 cm, and has an impact on pregnancy complications, risk of giving birth to babies with low birth weight, so nutritional assistance is needed. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of nutritional assistance on the weight of pregnant women. Chronic energy deficiency Methods: This type of research is a quasi-experiment, two group pretest-posttest design with control. The sample was pregnant women in the coastal area of Kendari City, 35 cases and 35 controls using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney test Results: The average body weight of the intervention group before nutritional assistance was 50.95 kg and after assistance was 57.86 cm. Meanwhile, the average weight of the control group was 62.67 kg and after assistance it was 71.09 kg. The results of the Mann Whitney test obtained a p value of 0.000, so there is an influence of nutritional assistance on the weight of pregnant women. Conclusion: Nutritional assistance can increase the weight of pregnant women. Chronic energy deficiency in the coastal area of Kendari city.