Military Equipment Research Articles

The Combination of Cyber Security, Excessive Programming, and Available Technology to Create an Effective Weapon

This research presents a model for designing a military terrestrial drone from available technology by using Raspberry Pi, the proposed model should fulfill the general requirements by providing a secure remote connection, a camera control application with a reliable targeting system, and motion control. We suggested SSH connection with cyber-attack simulation by Ettercap and sslstrip tool to test its reliability, and mark vulnerabilities if exist, as for the camera application and targeting system, python was our main language to write it and we used the SSD object detection method of machine learning for the camera to be able to identify and track objects it sees, python libraries like Tkinter along with PIL library was used to create the application GUI interface and its functions along with OpenCV to provide algorithms for video stream processing and displaying, we used OpenCV also for object detection algorithms writing, and socket was used to create a client-server connection on raspberry pi and windows controlling machine to transfer the targeting control signal, as for the controlling of motion functions its done through SSH PutTTY app and the python curses library. The research’s goal is to prove a theory regarding the military technology in the Middle East of mostly using available and civilian-accessed technology provided in stores to manufacture weapons that could show great performance on the battlefield, we improvised this principle in drone manufacture due to its significant role in modern days war.

Chinese Weaponry in Contemporary Middle Eastern Conflicts

AbstractThis article examines the role of Chinese armaments in recent Middle Eastern conflicts, showing that although their use has increased over the past decade, they remain less numerous or significant compared to those from the United States and Russia. Chinese‐made weapons have been used in conflicts in Gaza, Syria, Yemen, Libya, and Lebanon due to affordability, streamlined procurement processes, and improved quality. China's critics have alleged that it has played a negative role in these conflicts through proliferation, claims that Beijing has consistently denied. This research investigates the accuracy of these charges and assesses whether China's role should be considered prominent. The study examines weapons that have been used in five ongoing regional conflicts, including the Gaza war. It finds that, unlike Washington and Moscow, which have deliberately transferred military equipment to the region, China has avoided intentionally directing armaments to Middle Eastern conflict zones. Instead, Chinese arms have been redistributed by third parties. The analysis concludes that China's strategy of balancing its relationships across states in conflict has limited the amount of its weapons in the region and kept the impact of those armaments to a minimum.

Russian diplomacy and the struggle around transportation corridors through the Middle East: plans and realities

The article is devoted to the issues of Russia's participation in the struggle for the passage of transport corridors from Europe to Asia through the Middle East. Recently, as part of the geopolitical struggle to move away from a unipolar to a multipolar world, we are increasingly talking about rapidly growing competition for access to goods, raw materials, energy resources and transport logistics, which affect the current global rivalry for the redistribution of the world. It is already becoming increasingly clear that whoever controls international routes controls international security in many ways. Corridors are not only world trade, but also the movement of fl eets, the transfer of troops and military equipment, and communication between different regions of the world. Passages through straits such as Bab el-Mandeb, Hormuz, and Malacca are a matter of international security. Blocking them can lead to armed conflicts on a global scale. For the Middle East, these are primarily confl icts over the routes of oil and gas delivery to Europe from the Persian Gulf and the Caucasus and around the creation of short transport corridors from Europe to Asia bypassing the Suez Canal and Africa. If the issue of laying a gas pipeline from Qatar to the EU through the Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East and from the Caucasus and Central Asia through Turkey to the EU was one of the reasons for the war in Syria, then the issue of creating a transport corridor from India to Europe through Arabia and Israel largely provoked the conflict in the Gaza Strip. And Russia is among the most active participants in this struggle for control of international transport corridors from Europe to Asia, trying to do so so as not to stay away from them.

The military agent of Russia in France Count A. Ignatiev - the representative of the Russian Stavka at the French General Quarters

The military agent of Russia in France Count A. Ignatiev — the representative of the Russian Stavka at the French General Quarters, the head of the Russian mission in the Inter-Union Intelligence Bureau, the head of the Russian Procurement. Commission during the First World WarThe famous Russian (Soviet) military diplomat, Lieutenant General, Count A. Ignatiev, shares his view on the nature and causes of the First World War. Being far from his homeland and the front line, he clearly and clearly defined his place in the system of military intelligence agencies on the eve of the First World War and made a huge contribution to equipping the Russian Army with modern weapons and military equipment for that period.

Addressing thermal challenges in hydrodynamic bearings: A contemporary review of strategies and technologies

Hydrodynamic bearings are integral components in various industrial sectors, including aerospace, defense technologies, and power generation units etc. Advancements in modern technology have driven the evolution of bearings to withstand the high temperatures, increased speeds, and additional load demands of contemporary operations. Some of the prime consequences of high temperatures include thermal deformation, misalignment, viscosity degradation, reduced oil film thickness, reduced load carrying capacity and premature failure due to bearing seizure. Researchers have rigorously addressed the persistent thermal challenges posed to hydrodynamic bearings, achieving significant advancements over the years. Key developments include innovative bearing pad designs, optimal materials, coating technologies, advanced computational software, novel lubrication methods, and efficient monitoring techniques. The introduction of materials with tailored properties such as high heat conductivity, high strength, and low-friction coatings has greatly enhanced bearing performance. Additionally, advanced computational software like ANSYS CFX, Fluent, and COMSOL, adaptive lubrication methods, and real-time temperature sensors have significantly improved the performance of critical systems, including hydro power plants. This review paper summarizes significant developments and investigations carried out to mitigate thermal effects in hydrodynamic bearings, and hence provides a comprehensive in depth details of the subject matter. Even though there has been a lot of progress in the field of hydrodynamic bearings, continuous research is important to tackle issues related to sustainability, industry-specific obstacles, developing technologies, and dynamic operating conditions.

Late modern war and the geos: The ecological ‘beforemaths’ of advanced military technologies

This article develops the idea that late modern war’s relationship with the geos (the ground and the life it sustains) is doubly destructive. While part of this is recognized in a recent focus on slow violence and ecological aftermaths, there is little consideration of the ‘beforemath’, or the sites of extraction that make advanced military technologies possible. Drawing attention to mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the article connects military technologies to arms manufacturers and their use of extracted minerals (e.g. cobalt, tantalum, copper, uranium). Shared patterns of environmental and public health effects across parts of Iraq, Gaza and the DRC indicate the doubly destructive nature of late modern war’s relationship with the geos: toxic materials threaten life after war as the deposits of bombardment and before war as mineral commodities at the beginning of arms supply chains. The article explicates how a perspective from the beforemath radically refigures the ways we think about war and spatiality, temporality, and the range of bodies affected in ways that promise a fuller understanding of the violence distributed by practices of late modern war.

Artificial Intelligence and U.S. Military Cadets’ Attitudes About Future War

What shapes warfighters’ trust in military technologies augmented with Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Research often assumes that junior military personnel, including cadets training to become officers, will trust AI during future wars, and at higher levels than senior officers. We test these claims by fielding a survey experiment among a representative sample of cadets assigned to the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) program in the United States. Our analysis reveals that cadets are more trusting of AI-enhanced military technologies than senior officers, but that their trust is shaped by a more conservative understanding of the appropriate use and oversight of AI. We also find that cadets’ trust is shaped by a complex set of instrumental, normative, and operational considerations, including ongoing cognitive development, education, and professional enculturation. These results provide the first experimental evidence of cadets’ trust in AI-enhanced military technologies and have implications for future research, policy, and military modernization.

Ultrathin, flexible, and high-performance bacterial cellulose/copper nanowires film for broadband electromagnetic interference shielding and photothermal conversion

The swift advancements in wearable electronics, implantable medical devices, fifth-generation mobile communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, and military stealth technology have led to a surge in demand for highly flexible multifunctional films. Consequently, the enhancement of electromagnetic radiation and the requirement for normal operation in extreme environments have posed significant challenges for flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding films. In this paper, ultra-thin, flexible bacterial cellulose (BC)/copper nanowires (CuNWs) (BCu) films with Janus structure are prepared by the combination of microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis and vacuum filtration method, which can be used for broadband EMI shielding and photothermal conversion. BCu films demonstrate exceptional mechanical properties, boasting a tensile strength range from 48.5 to 77.3 MPa, accompanied fracture strain 4.1–5.9 %. When CuNWs mass in Janus film increases to 10 mg, the conductivity of BCu-4 Janus films can reach 4761.90 S cm−1. The ultra-strong EMI shielding effectiveness (SE, above 56.00 dB) is achieved in 6–26.5 GHz for BCu-4 film with an ultra-thin thickness (16 μm). Moreover, the specific EMI SE of BCu-4 is as high as 4294.38 dB mm−1. Furthermore, BCu Janus films exhibit outstanding photothermal conversion performance. A saturation temperature of BCu-4 Janus film reaches as high as 75 °C under irradiation of one sunlight (100 mW cm−2). The facile and collaborative strategy is provided for fabricating ultra-thin, flexible multifunctional Janus films with EMI shielding and photothermal conversion capabilities, addressing EMI problems in modern electronic technology and offering new avenues for applications in various fields.

The Correlation between the Military Transport Network and the Trans-European Transport Network

Currently, the problem of military transport in the European area is being debated by the leaders of security-generating organizations. The Trans-European Transport Network, although developed for transporting civilian goods and personnel, can be a solution for moving military troops, equipment, and materials in Europe. This article aims to highlight the extent to which the existing corridors on the trans-European transport network correspond to the military transport network and the solutions that could simplify the process of civil-military use of the already existing network. At the same time, the authors intend to correlate the existing elements with those necessary to ensure military mobility in the European area, through the methods of documentary and comparative analysis.

Balancing economic efficiency and national security: Industrial policy at the nexus of geopolitics and globalisation

This article examines the resurgence of industrial policy in the EU, with a particular focus on its evolving rationale in the context of geopolitical fragmentation and economic security concerns. It explores how recent global events, including the Covid-19 pandemic and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, have intensified debates about government intervention in the economy and led to a renewed focus on strategic autonomy. The paper analyses the key EU industrial policy initiatives and their implications, particularly in sectors such as energy, defence and critical technologies. Special attention is given to the challenges and opportunities presented by Ukraine’s reconstruction, including potential adaptations to EU state aid rules. The article concludes by proposing principles for effective industrial policy design and implementation, emphasising the importance of maintaining single-market integrity, ensuring transparency and accountability, and balancing interventions with sound macroeconomic policies.

Physiological monitoring of movement and manoeuvrability during a military skiing exercise

IntroductionMilitary forces receive training in various high-altitude warfare techniques to safeguard border regions and lives. Skiing is one of such practices where research evidences are limited. Therefore, a study was...

Fire preparation for the offensive – the need to update the planning algorithm

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the relevance of fire preparation in offensive operations and to argue for the need to update the current algorithm for planning such an action. The article presents the national and allied perspectives on the concept of fire preparation, aiming, on the one hand, to emphasise the relevance of this action in the current battlefield, including examples from the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian conflict, and, on the other hand, to highlight similar aspects of the characteristic elements and purpose of this action, found both in the presented normative framework and in relevant examples from the conflict. The differences between the two perspectives presented are not significant, as the same main ideas regarding the relevance and purpose of fire preparation are addressed, but the level of equipping with modern military equipment together with the availability of high-performance striking systems with diversified possibilities of target engagement are what allow for a different approach to preparatory fires at group force level. In the last section, the article argues for the need to revise and update the fire preparation planning algorithm to include current and future changes in the organisation, manning and equipping of national armed forces structures.

Ejection of Real-Time Malicious Intrusion and Attacks in IoT Empowered Infrastructure

The project recognizes the pervasive threat of computer viruses, malware, and hostile attacks on computer networks, highlighting the critical role of intrusion detection as a proactive defense technology. The project introduces a novel approach based on deep learning to identify and mitigate cybersecurity vulnerabilities and breaches in IoT-driven cyber-physical systems, aiming for enhanced security measures. The project's objective is to elevate intrusion detection beyond the limitations of traditional systems by addressing issues like accuracy, detection effectiveness, and reducing false positives. This emphasizes the advancement and innovation in cybersecurity. To achieve the project's goals, the method employs a generative adversarial network, a cutting-edge deep learning technique. Additionally, it distinguishes itself by contrasting unsupervised and deep learning-based discriminative approaches, showcasing a comprehensive and effective approach to cybersecurity. In our project, we successfully implemented an ensemble method to boost predictive accuracy by integrating multiple individual models. Particularly noteworthy is the inclusion of a hybrid architecture, combining Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), denoted as CNN+LSTM. This hybrid model achieved an impressive accuracy of 99% when applied to the KDD-Cup dataset, underscoring the efficacy of our ensemble technique for intrusion detection in IoT- based cybersecurity infrastructures.

Comprehensive approach to clinical decision-making strategy, illustrated by the Gulf War.

Throughout the history of medicine, clinical decision-making strategies have largely been dependent on the implementation of novel technologies. Artificial intelligence (AI) has not only made a leap into a new dimension of medical measures & decisions' shaping but has also served as a strategic backup of medical practice. Due to its nature, and military technologies in use, the Gulf War (1990-1991) is considered to be the verge of the contemporary warfare era. Soldiers had been engaged into a highly complex military operation theatre contaminated with both chemical and radiological noxious agents, and burdened with side-effects of prophylactic measurements. The aim of this review is to present a comprehensive approach to clinical decision-making strategy using theGulf War veterans' syndrome as an example. The model is based on the processing of all data coming from the military operation theatre and their unification with medical data, so as to obtain the final product, i.e.,the decision needed for a personalised therapeutic approach. Due to the complexity and a huge amount of data gathered at a given location in a given time, the functioning of this model unanimously calls for the interlace between military system AI and that of the medical sector.

Особенности военно-технического сотрудничества России и Индии: динамика, риски и перспективы партнерства

This article analyzes the specifics of military-technical cooperation between Russia and India, as well as the dynamics, risks and prospects of the partnership in the first quarter of the twenty-first century. In their inter-state relations, the Russian Federation and the Republic of India adhere to the concept of a long-term privileged strategic partnership in the field of security and defense that dates back to the Cold War years. Despite high competition on the military equipment market and a significant increase in military-industrial capabilities in New Delhi, Moscow remains the main supplier of military products to India. The range of Russian military products is quite broad and includes a variety of weapons and equipment to meet the growing needs of India's army and navy. However, there are risks associated with the current dynamics of military-technical cooperation and the increasingly complex geopolitical situation in the region and the world. The article presents the main problems, threats and challenges to bilateral relations in the field of military-technical cooperation, which are associated with India's desire to diversify arms supplies, growth of political and economic risks caused by the sanctions policy against Russia from the collective West, changes in the intensity of geopolitical processes and increased competition from other military suppliers. In addition, prospects for future military-technical cooperation between the two countries are examined, including technological advances, opportunities related to India's Make-in-India program, and potential strategic areas of cooperation between Russian Federation and Republic of India, such as unmanned systems, cybersecurity, and joint research to develop more advanced weapons systems. The bottom line is thatproductive military-technical cooperation between Russia and India can be achieved in the future if a number of measures are taken, mostly related to eliminating risks and creating good conditions for both sides. Such measures could include expanding the boundaries of military-technical cooperation, ensuring mutually beneficial economic conditions, strengthening institutional ties, and bringing together scientific and technical experts in the field.

ANALYSIS OF THE PECULIARITIES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF THE MOVING AND TRAFFIC (TRANSPORTATION) OF GROUPS OF TROOPS (FORCES) IN THE OPERATIONS OF THE ARMIES OF NATO MEMBER COUNTRIES AND IN THE ARMED FORCES OF UKRAINE

The task of increasing the efficiency of moving and traffic (transportation) of weapons and military equipment and material and technical means (material means) of military units and groups of troops (forces) in operations (combat operations) in the modern conditions of repelling wide scale armed aggression of the rf is becoming more and more urgent. This is due to the fact that the success of logistical support of operations (combat operations) is achieved mainly by early and high-quality preparation and distribution of vehicles, deployment of transport communications, clear organization of their technical service and cover. In order to solve these problems, an analysis of the peculiarities and shortcomings of the moving and traffic (transportation) of groups of troops (forces) in the operations of the armies of NATO member countries and in the Armed Forces of Ukraine was carried out based on the experience of local wars and armed conflicts, the Russian- Ukrainian war and the conduct of Joint Forces Operation (JFO) (Anti-terrorist operation (ATO) ) and identified the main shortcomings of this process. These shortcomings indicate that in previously performed studies, the issue of increasing the efficiency of moving and traffic (transportation) of weapons and military equipment and material and technical means (material means) of military units and groups of troops (forces) in operations (combat actions) was not sufficiently considered in theory. Therefore, in further research, it is necessary to analyze the existing scientific approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of moving and traffic (transportation) of troops (forces) in order to determine ways of their improvement.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE TEST METHODOLOGY OF AIRCRAFT VIDEO RECORDING EQUIPMENT UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF A SPECIAL PERIOD

The introduction of weapons and military equipment at the stage of Russia's armed aggression requires the rational use of human resources, standard means of measurement, registration and indication as part of measurement systems and further processing of the results obtained in automated systems for collecting and processing information for its use during tests of serial (modernized) samples of OVT. The rapid development of technical means of measurement, transformation and exchange of data within and between systems require the improvement of test methods for video recording of aircraft, which take into account the peculiarities of the development of electronic equipment of aviation equipment and are based on a unified approach to the problem of optimal use of resources. Modern means of video registration have quite justifiably been widely used in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The research was conducted using the methods of the theory of system analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalization. The purpose of the article is to develop a typical methodology for testing aircraft video recording equipment in the conditions of a special period. To achieve the goal, the following was done: to analyze the existing methods of testing domestic and foreign aircraft video registration means; to consider an improved model of functioning and the technology of conducting tests of means of video registration of aircraft with a reduction in volume; to develop a typical methodology for conducting tests of aircraft video registration devices in the conditions of a special period. The results of the analysis should be taken into account when justifying ways to reduce the amount of tests in the conditions of a special

ANALYSIS OF THE REGULATORY AND METHODOLOGICAL APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT TESTS OF ARMORED TANK AND VEHICLE EQUIPMENT TO THE INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL MECHANICAL AND CLIMATE FACTORS

In the work is carried out an analytical study of normative and methodical support of the processes of testing armored and automobile vehicles to the influence of climatic and mechanical factors. Unsolved aspects of the testing are highlighted. The advantages and disadvantages of conducting tests of military equipment and its components on the influence of external mechanical and climatic factors have been identified for national standards of Ukraine and national standards harmonized with international standards in order to form the direction of further improvement of the regulatory and methodical apparatus to increase the accuracy and reliability of equipment evaluation in operating conditions. The need to improve test methods based on increasing the accuracy and reliability of equipment evaluation during laboratory tests is substantiated. The provisions of foreign military standards, which are used in Ukraine and the world as basic – STANAG 4370, MIL-STD-810 were analyzed. Based on the analysis of these standards, which include requirements for conducting tests, methods, procedures and acceptance criteria for equipment in operational conditions, the direction and method of improving test methods is determined. Prospective directions for ensuring standardization in the process of testing are outlined, in which there is a high need to maintain a high level of reliability and efficiency of armored and automobile vehicles in operational conditions. The need to adapt standards to modern challenges and threats has been established by optimizing test methods in conditions that are as close as possible to real ones, as well as using the latest technologies to improve the processes of monitoring the state of equipment.

Effects of Armed Conflicts on The National Security of Post Conflicts States, A Case Study of Juba County in Central Equatorial State, South Sudan

This paper assessed the nature of existing armed conflicts and their effect on security management, established the influence of the local and regional dynamics of conflicts on security management and finally examined the effect of the emerging security threats on security management strategies in Juba County, South Sudan. The study was guided by two theories; Conflict Transformation and National Security theories. The study used descriptive survey research design and Purposive sampling technique to enlist 210 respondents for this study. The main method of data collection was the interview. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data and reported in narrative form. The study established a dichotomy of existing armed conflicts; external and internal conflicts in Central Equatorial State, South Sudan that had serious implication on both Security Management and National security. The second objective established the influence of local and regional dynamics that affected security management that included; Interlocking political and tribal division aspects of conflict, the influence of insurgents and armed cross border militia groups; greed for livestock by political elites that saw them arm their tribal militia with modern guns and military hardware for ease of livestock theft, amongst others. The third objective established the effect of several emerging security threats on Security Management strategies in Juba County, which included migrant migration for domestic and international child soldiering recruitment in the context of the on-going civil war and also for soldiering elsewhere outside the country. This paper establishes a regional policy concern that South Sudan is largely unsafe, and by implication the whole region is unlikely to be safe. This calls for an immediate action by all security stakeholders, UN agencies, Non State Actors, security pundits and think tanks to brainstorm and chart a way forward for South Sudan and the entire region.

The Model of the Armament And Military Equipment Repair System

The purpose of the study, the results of which are presented in the article, is to develop a mathematical model of the process of restoring weapons and military equipment (IWT), taking into account their losses due to combat and operational and technical reasons, as well as the production capabilities of repair and restoration bodies (RVOS) of the first and second levels. For the operational solution of the recovery system planning and managing tasks, it is necessary to have models that allow approximate assessment of the system effectiveness at various levels of management. The hypothesis of the study is to increase the efficiency of restoring weapons and military equipment using the forces and means of military repair bodies, field repair brigades (VRB) in the conditions of the operation, as well as the production capacities of enterprises of the local industrial economic base. As criteria for effectiveness evaluation, the indicators characterizing the combat capabilities of military formations for a certain period of military planning in peacetime and wartime are considered. Research methods are mathematical apparatus of the theory of queuing systems and differential equations of 'dynamics of averages', system analysis, comparative analysis, generalization, forecasting, and document analysis. The resulting model establishes a relationship between the input parameters and the output indicators of the recovery system, characterizing the serviceability of the IWT. In this case, the control parameter is a parameter that characterizes the ratio of the number of samples of military equipment repaired in the 1st-level RVR. Results: the developed model can be used for: analyzing the technical support system of troops; solving optimization problems of managing the technical support of troops: finding the optimal ratio of the number of samples of military equipment repaired by the first and second level RVOS; determining the optimal number of field crews for repairing military equipment while ensuring a given level of serviceability of military equipment and minimizing the cost of repairing military equipment.