A 2,385-g 35–6/7-weeks' gestation male was delivered to a 26-year-old woman whose pregnancy was unremarkable until 2 days before delivery. She was walking up the staircase in her mother's home during a family celebration where she briefly lost her footing, stumbled, and twisted her body, although she braced herself without falling. Two days later, she experienced vomiting, cough, shortness of breath, and severe left flank as well as chest and abdominal pain. The paramedics were summoned to her home, where they found her blood pressure (BP) to be only palpable and her capillary refill delayed. She had a heart rate (HR) of 74 beats/min, a respiratory rate (RR) of 16 breaths/min, and a pulse oximetry reading of 100%. She was conscious but weak. They inserted an intravenous line and began infusion of 1,000 mL of normal saline, leaving the stopcock wide open on the way to the emergency department (ED). The woman arrived at the ED 20 minutes later, at 0000. Her BP was 96/70 mm Hg, HR was 70 beats/min, RR was 70 breaths/min, and temperature was 35.6°C. She was conscious but drowsy and having difficulty breathing. On physical examination, she was pale and had tenderness on her left side. She was transmitting her history through her husband because she was so weak and only he could understand what she was saying. The ED physician's differential diagnoses were pulmonary embolism and pneumonia. Blood was drawn for a complete blood count (CBC), blood chemistries, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and d-dimers. The treating physicians and defense experts pointed out that the woman was totally stable when she arrived at the ED and showed no signs of hypotension or bleeding on arrival. The plaintiff experts pointed out that her BP was not obtainable by the paramedics before the …