Defence Equipment Research Articles

Indo–French Defence Cooperation in the Light of Regional Security Balance in South Asia

The article aims to describe the regional security challenges to India in South Asia. Since the partition of India in 1947, the country has continuously been under external threat as a form of proxy warfare and terrorism. For this purpose, the article highlighted the core hotspots where India has major border issues with China in the Himalayan terrain. India has been facing a bigger security challenge from China and Pakistan in the South Asia region. This article analyses the defence ties between India and France in the context of security. India's neorealist approaches expand its strategic partnership in global politics. Therefore, India has been getting strategic support from the French side whenever India seeks support in a critical situation. The article uses the methods of case study and discourse analysis to answer the question and find out the study's relevance. As a result of severe security threats, India had to negotiate the purchase of defence equipment from France. India had to buy Rafael fighter jet, submarine and other heavy military weapons. Indo-French relations are stronger than in the past and will develop as friendly relations in the future.

Innovation of Utilization of Materials Research and Development Results in the Framework of Fulfilling the Defense Equipment of the Indonesian Army (Case Study of Battlefield Management System)

This study aims to map policy innovations downstream of material R&D results, especially the Battlefield Management System (BMS) in fulfilling the independent and modern defense equipment of the Indonesian Army. This research was conducted using a qualitative method and a case study strategy. The determination of the research location is based on the existence of phenomena in research and development activities carried out within the Indonesian Army. This study used qualitative research methods to explain the research problem in-depth. Determination of informants/resource persons based on purposive sampling resulted in six people consisting of officials who formulate the R&D policies of the Indonesian Army, officials from elements of R&D activities implementing the Battlefield Management System, elements from domestic defense industry actors in the R&D activities of the Battlefield Management System, as well as elements from researchers/teachers and military observers from non-governmental organizations. Furthermore, the data analysis was carried out based on the theories and concepts of public policy and then the data interpretation process was carried out. The result of this study is the public policy innovations in realizing downstream policies. BMS is the result of innovation which is proven to meet the 13 determinants of innovation. Downstream policies play a role in realizing BMS products in the fulfillment of the defense equipment of the Indonesian Army. BMS is a modern defense equipment of the Indonesian Army, fulfilling aspects of complexity, technological progress and speed. Although not-yet fully realized due to the not-yet optimal of the triple helix policy, BMS products based on independence still face problems that there are still conflict of interests, research funding, production costs and indications of weak political will of the Indonesian Army to use domestic products. Recommendations from this research are the need for prioritization, continuous and consistent budgeting and procurement (mass production) and budgeting for superior material R&D results as a form of reward. In addition, there is a need for policies and regulations that can protect the products of material R&D against the competitiveness of similar products from abroad.

A Comparison of Three Strategies: Electric vehicles battery cooling strategies and use of nanomaterial for performance enhancement

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are becoming ubiquitous in a wide range of applications, such as electric vehicles (EVs), defense equipment, communication devices, power tools, and household devices. Compared to other batteries and their chemistries, Li-ion cells are desirable because of their high energy density and durability. However, Li-ion batteries suffer from their sensitivity to temperature; for safe and reliable performance, their working temperature should be in the range 25 °C–35 °C.

Моделювання оптимальних стратегій переслідування з простим рухом

Strategies for pursuit of a target by one pursuer with simple movement are considered. The criterion is the time to capture the target. The proof of the optimality of the parallel approach strategy and the chas- ing strategy is presented. The strategy of parallel approach consists in the fact that the pursuer, knowing the velocity vector of the target at current moment, considers this vector to be constant and calculates a point on the target’s line of motion at which capture can occur if the pursuer moves at a constant maxi- mum speed. At each instant of time, the pursuer’s velocity vector is directed to the capture point, and the magnitude of the velocity is maximal. If the pursuer moves at maximum speed in the direction of the target, the pursuit strategy is called a chasing strategy. A number of examples of pursuit using the strate- gies of parallel approach and chasing strategy, calculated by the numerical method, are given. The main parameters of the movement of the agents affecting the time of capture are determined: the speed of the target and the pursuer, the coordinates of the target and the pursuer at the time of the beginning of the pursuit, the type and parameters of the target’s movement line; the pursuit task is determined by these para-meters. On the basis of numerical modeling, a sets of problems is outlined for which the parallel approach strategy is better then the chasing strategy or vice versa. The selected movement parameters roughly correspond to the movement parameters of modern combat aircraft and air defense equipment; in numerical experiments, the absolute value of the acceleration of the target does not exceed 10g, where g is the accele-ration of free fall. Since the pursuer’s motion is considered simple, any absolute value of its acceleration is allowed. In the case of applying the parallel approach strategy, this value slightly differs from the absolute value of the target’s acceleration; if a chasing strategy is used, the absolute magnitude of the pursuer’s acceleration can be much larger.

Policy Effectiveness: Indonesia-China Defense Cooperation Study

Each country carries out defense cooperation with different levels of commitment. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence KPIT in increasing the readiness of the Indonesian military. As a follow-up, the Indonesian government, in this case the Ministry of Defense, has implemented regulatory and allocative actions. Several rules have been published, socialized, controlled and supervised. The appointment of officials has been carried out and supported by existing resources, so that all activities according to the agreement of the two countries have been carried out. Defense cooperation is hypothesized to be useful and has implications for military preparedness even though it is influenced by the strategic environment. Primary data was collected through a survey of 95 people who had participated in KPIT activities, interviews and focus group discussions with competent parties. Secondary data obtained from various documents. The collected data were analyzed using a qualitative approach supported by quantitative data. The results of the analysis show that KPIT activities have very little impact on military preparedness in Indonesia. However, these activities are very beneficial for the actors and have huge implications for individual alertness. This study also found that KPIT activities contributed to increasing Indonesia's national strength through military preparedness. Exchange of information and the defense industry can improve the quality of organization, doctrine, policies, military education curricula, transfer of defense equipment technology, including the possibility of joint production. Joint military exercises can improve anti-terror capabilities, military self-defence, hostage release, and others.

Defence expenditure and public debt in Greece: A non-linear relationship

The aim of this paper is to consider and evaluate the widely–used argument attributing the growth of the public debt of Greece in recent decades to the country’s defence expenditure. We employ a two-equation model that focuses on the determinants of the military debt and how this has affected the public debt. The source of our military debt data is the Hellenic General Accounting Office, an option taken to cope with confidentiality issues. Finally, we insist on focusing on the expenditure on defence equipment imports rather than the total defence spending that the literature mostly covers, for reasons extensively analysed. Our methodology firstly assumes a linear relationship between military debt and public debt. We solve the system using 3SLS to obtain consistent and efficient estimates to derive interesting policy implications. The employment of a non-linear quadratic form not previously adopted proves to be superior in terms of performance and reveals the complexity of the above relationship. These point to the conclusion that the defence equipment purchases made since the beginning of the eighties have not had a decisive impact on the public debt of Greece. The defence equipment purchases made since the beginning of the eighties represent a very low percentage of the total public debt of Greece. Moreover, these are considered to be an investment activity rather than consumer spending, which has been acknowledged in the literature as the primary cause of Greece’s high indebtedness and the ensuing economic crisis.

MANFAAT ALUTSISTA RADAR DALAM MENDUKUNG SISTEM PERTAHANAN UDARA BERLAPIS TNI AU

Science and technology show a trend that continues to develop. This has an impact on tools such as defense equipment produced or owned by a country to be more sophisticated. A country must have a defense system that can protectthe entire terriroty of the country,one of which is its airspace. Violations in the airspace often occur because the defense system is still weak. One of the tools that play a role in conducting surveillance for airspace is Radar. Currently, Indonesia still has several blank spot areas that are not detected by Radar. This needs to be solverd by placing Radar in some areas that cannot be detected or blank spot areas using a geographic information system (GIS). GIS is one of the platforms used in mapping without having to survey the location directly.

Linear polarization on radar cross section measurement for tank miniature

The use of radar technology, especially for the interests of state defense and security, has become the focus of development launched by the government of Indonesia. Equipment and vehicles in the defense and security sector are the top priority to be detected using radar technology. When a radar transmitter transmits its signal towards a target, some part of the signal will bounce in all directions or scattering, including to the receiver and some will be absorbed by the radar target. The radar target is assumed to have a small size, with the aim of focusing more on the beamwidth of the radar transmitting antenna to the target. This research has a focus on measuring radar targets in the form of defense equipment in the form of tanks made in miniature which are smaller than their original forms. The selected antenna polarization uses linear polarization with vertical and horizontal types. Each polarization will be compared with the value of the radar cross section (RCS) in the combination of the same polarization and different polarization. The measurement results show that the largest RCS value is obtained at an angle of 200° by 13 with a combination of Horizontal-Horizontal polarization and the smallest RCS value is obtained at an angle of 50° by -4 with a combination of Horizontal-Vertical polarization. With the results of these measurements, it can be concluded that the measurement of RCS for defense and security equipment can be carried out by measuring the miniature of the defense and security equipment

PUBLIC POLICY PARADOXES ADVANCE THE DEFENSE INDUSTRY

The onset of the Russian and Ukrainian wars is proof that the existence of physical war is still a real threat to any country at this time. It is common logic that no matter how long our defense and security equipment is still dependent on other countries, we still have limitations in strengthening our country's security defense system. This paper aims to analyze the implementation of policies related to the development of the defense industry to find recommendations in the optimization of the defense industry. The method used is a Literature Study with a descriptive qualitative approach that is the choice and use of George Edward III's policy implementation theory as an operational theory used to analyze problems. The results of the discussion showed that there were still communication constraints between relevant ministries/institutions, limited resources, especially in the priority of using the state budget in other fields, which were the main factors in financing the defense industry. The disposition of relevant ministry/institutional entities that still cannot be fully integrated properly, and also the overlapping authority of the bureaucratic structure. The conclusion of this paper is that the government in this case the President and the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia must firmly decide on priorities to support policies to advance the defense industry that are really realistic to be developed, not stuck with only limited propaganda capable of making their own but the fact is that only separate products from foreign manufacturers

Debate: Are government buildings, roads, defence equipment and similar structures really assets?

Debate: Are government buildings, roads, defence equipment and similar structures really assets?

EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE FINANCING OF THE DEFENSE IN STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, NATO MEMBERS

In the economic policy of the European Union, the expenses for the defence and security of the Community bloc must be correctly delimited. NATO s functioning, strengthened over seven decades, can be maintained at immediate response, only by the existence of adequate financial, human, material, logistical or other resources necessary to achieve the military capabilities established by agreements. Starting from this desideratum, the question arises: what is the cost of maintaining peace, borne by EU citizens?The paper aims at a theoretical and pragmatic approach to highlight the practice used in NATO financing, the financial contribution of EU member states and the interest shown in financing their own defence budgets. NATO membership is the guarantee of national defence and the maintenance of peace and the responsibility for defence, security and safety remains with each Member State. The way in which Member States comply with NATO recommendations, ensure adequate funding, employ well-trained staff, have high-performance defence equipment and infrastructure, and contribute to peacekeeping.The study, based on the literature review, information from reports and economic situations provided by NATO, Eurostat, Globalfirepower, Sipri, as well as other open sources, was conducted for a number of 21 EU member states that are part of the NATO, in the period 2010-2019. The study starts from two research hypotheses. These assumptions are followed by the implementation of the recommendations of the 2014 Wales summit. At the same time, we aimed to highlight the efficiency and effectiveness of defence expenditures.The conclusion from the research highlights that, the level of allocations to the defence budget is influenced by the options of political decisions, rather than analysis based on economic indicators and the level of expenditures made from defence budgets for the purchase of military equipment, is affected by the size of the military and implicitly by personnel costs.

Legal Aspect on Indonesia Military-Industrial Complex to Strengthening Defence Industry Research and Clasterization in Building Independent Defence Industry in Indonesia

Indonesia's bitter experience of the embargo became a hard slap and a reminder of the importance of the National Defense Industry in meeting the needs of the TNI's defense equipment and encouraging the quality of the TNI's performance in carrying out the territorial defense of the Republic of Indonesia. Over time the development of the National Defense Industry continues to grow and is supported by regulations at the level of the Law, namely Law no. 16 of 2012 concerning the Defense Industry in realizing the Independence of the National Defense Industry. However, over time the implementation of Law no. 16 of 2012 does not work properly, challenges and problems arise, there are two problems in the National Defense Industry, namely Research and Development (R&D) and Defense Clustering. In this paper, a deeper review of the complex defense industry uses the research method, namely normative juridical research with two approaches including the statute approach and the conceptual approach. The results of the research in this paper carry the Core Indonesia Military-Industrial Complex which supports the strengthening of Research by initiating the Concept of Feedback and Clustering of the Defense Industry by forming 7 Defense Industry Clusters which include Raw Material Industry, Production Industry, Assembly Industry, Production, Support Industry (Components, Spare Parts), Electronic Industry, Maintenance.

Implementation of Technological Innovation in the Production of 'Harimau' Medium Tanks Make use of the National Defense Industry's Independence

Efforts to develop the defense industry are to encourage innovation, because only with innovation can an industry always develop competence in the form of technology development and commercialization. The innovation process includes research and development, prototyping, demonstration, commercialization and after-sales service. Innovation is a combination of invention and commercialization of technology. So that innovation requires a process from the background of the needs to the achievement of success during commercialization. Currently, Indonesia has one type of medium tank technology called the Harimau. Basically, Indonesia has implemented technological innovation in the development of the medium tank technology 'Harimau'. Howeever, there are still challenges in the way of implementing these technological advancements, including whether or not their aplication may lead to defense industry independence or vice versa. This paper aims to analyze the national defense industry on the technological innovation of the medium tank 'Harimau'. The SWOT (Stengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) method is used in this analysis. This research is planned to give an analysis of defense industry technology developments that will advance the provision of defense and defense equipment to land-bases forces.

Roadmap Concept Increasing The Competence of TNI AL Surveyor Personel With AHP and SWOT Methods

One of the defense equipment that determines the readiness of the Navy in maintaining the integrity of the Republic of Indonesia is the Republic of Indonesia Warship (KRI). The worthiness of the KRI is of course the main parameter that is always integrated with the condition that it is always ready to fight to maintain Indonesia's sovereignty at sea . The readiness of the KRI is assessed from the aspect of equipment feasibility as a benchmark to determine the level of readiness and capability of the warship. This research aims to analyze the concept of increasing the competence of the Navy surveyor personnel. The research method used is the AHP and SWOT methods. The results of the study indicate that the appropriate strategy to be applied by the Navy in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage is by : a ) increasing the competence of the Navy with formal and informal course activities, b ) increasing cooperation with external institutions, c ) increasing standardization socialization. operational test equipment to increase the ability to operate test equipment owned by the Indonesian Navy's airworthiness personnel, d ) add equipment in accordance with the update on the development of defense equipment, and e ) improve the coaching program for both tour of duty and tour of area.

Peran Depo Pemeliharaan Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Ketahanan Alutsista Arhanud (Studi Di Depo Pemeliharaan Sistem Senjata Arhanud Kota Batu Jawa Timur)

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the role of Dohar Sista Arhanud in the maintenance of defense equipment and to analyze its implications for resilience of defense equipment. In this study, the theories used are role theory, bureaucratic theory, maintenance theory, readiness theory and resilience theory. This research method is a qualitative research with analytical descriptive approach. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observation, documentation and literature. Analysis of the data used is data categorization, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that through the role played by Dohar Sista Arhanud in the maintenance of the main defense equipment, it has implications for increasing the operational readiness of the main defense equipment , increasing the age of use to create resilience of the main defense equipment. In the implementation of defense equipment maintenance, there are obstacles faced by Dohar Sista Arhanud in maintaining the defense equipment including aspects of personnel, infrastructure, budget, organization and duties as well as policy aspects. The defense equipment maintenance activities carried out have implications for the defense of the main defense system, which can be seen through two aspects, namely: (1) operational readiness of the defense equipment and (2) the resilience of the defense equipment after maintenance.

First-principles study of the properties of Cmcm-B5XO (X=Al, Zr)

Boron oxide B6O is an excellent superhard material with good properties such as high thermal conductivity, low density and high chemical inertness. It is widely used in precision machining of construction machinery, coating of national defense equipment, and lacquering of electronic appliances. In order to improve the defects of brittle fracture of B6O, a new material Cmcm-B5XO (X=Al, Zr) is proposed, and based on the first principles, the structure, stability, mechanical properties and the influence of doping on the intrinsic mechanism of the material were studied and analyzed. The results of elastic constants show that Cmcm-B5XO (X=Al, Zr) satisfies the mechanical stability. The analysis of the mechanical properties of the material shows that Cmcm-B5AlO is harder while Cmcm -B5ZrO is more plastic. The research results provide a certain reference value for the future experimental synthesis of new hard materials and the application of optoelectronic device thin films in different scenarios.

SOFT POWER PARADIGM OF INDONESIA’S DEFENSE

<div><p class="Els-history-head">The proposed strategic budget of US$ 104,247 billion submitted by Indonesia’s Ministry of Defense in mid-2021 has created a debate about Indonesia's Quo Vadis defense spending. Some questions need to be answered to provide insight into the process of selecting the best method for Indonesia's defense. Increasing national defense capabilities should refer to the global dynamics to accommodate Indonesia's national interests. This research uses document study, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), field observations for data collection, PEST analysis (Political, Economy, Social, and Technology), as well as SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats), and ends with interactive analysis to obtain inductive conclusions. The purpose of this study is to see how Indonesia's weaknesses and strengths, both hard power and soft power, thus proceed to interactive analysis. The results show that the soft power method is considered the most appropriate to the current global and strategic conditions. Increasing the capability of the defense equipment only without prioritizing aspects of the soft power approach has the potential to make Indonesia included in the mapping of major power state threats. The soft power approach must be put forward but also mutually enable hard power capabilities. The mutualism of those aspects is considered effective to gain Indonesia’s defense strength. </p></div>

Review of Indonesian government policy in procurement plan of Dassault Rafale fighter aircraft

Indonesia's decision to procure 4.5 generation Rafale fighter jets has been approved to replace obsolete aircraft, namely the US-made F-16 and the Russian-made Su-27 and Su-30. The selection of Rafale was based on Indonesia's defense relationship with France which had existed for a very long time, besides that it was also based on the foreign policy adopted by Indonesia, namely the free and active policy shown from several defense equipment owned by Indonesia, not only from a particular country. This study aims to examine government policies in the plan to procure Dassault Rafale fighter aircraft for Indonesia. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach through literature review from reputable national and international journals, ebooks, and online media by exploring or explaining more broadly the government policy issues in the plan to procure the Dassault Rafale fighter aircraft for Indonesia. The findings of this study indicate that Indonesia is still lagging behind Vietnam, Thailand, and Singapore in terms of the number of first-tier modern combat aircraft that are ready for combat. In addition, purchase of the Dassault Rafale aircraft must provide effectiveness to improve national defense and security by using a definitive combination of "high-low" that can be adopted from the USAF (United States Air Force), and also Indonesia must be realistic in responding to the regional balance of power (ASEAN) through the realization of the MEF towards IEF. One important factor that needs to be considered in the procurement agreement is the existence of a strong policy and commitment from the government that emphasizes the transfer of technology (ToT) by sending human resources to study and do internships in the development industry.

News Structure of KRI Ardadedali-404 at Merdeka.com

KRI Ardadedali-404 is a submarine for the Indonesian Navy's defense equipment (alutsista) production cooperation with South Korea. The presence of the new defense equipment has attracted the attention of the news media to cover it. The news media bridge the information needs of defense equipment through news discourse. Merdeka.com as a news media that provides space for reporting on defense equipment, displays the presence of KRI Ardedali-404 in a descriptive discourse structure. This study aims to explore the structure of reporting on KRI Ardadedali-404 as a news object within the framework of the activity of sending information from the media to the public. The linguistic theory that places news as a unit of informational discourse and the product of context-bound linguistic activity is used in this study. The research method uses structural contextual analysis through observation and interview techniques to understand media procedures in the reporting process. Exposure analysis is done by sorting out the sequences of information constructing discourse. The results of the research are 1) the descriptive structure pattern of the news is built through the stages of introduction, identification, and specification; 2) the elements of filling the news section to describe the news object are conveyed into parts of the news structure. The conclusion obtained is that the news of KRI Ardedali-404 is designed in a descriptive discourse structure choice through the fabric of information from simple to complex and the fulfillment of the completeness of news elements through highlighting exploration in the stem of the discourse.

Design of LDMOS Device Modeling Method Based on Neural Network.

The rapid development of power semiconductor devices is helping to realize a low-carbon society and provide a better life for everyone. Power semiconductors not only are used in many large-scale industrial control fields such as power transmission and control in power grids, rail transit traction systems, and defense weapons and equipment, but also play a vital role in daily equipment such as home appliances, medical electronics, and electronic communications; all devices such as power steering in cars, battery chargers, cell phones, and microwave ovens utilize power electronics. This research mainly focuses on the high-voltage LDMOS device model and its implementation. Based on the in-depth study of the structure and physical mechanism of high-voltage LDMOS devices, with the help of BSIM4 core model, which is now very mature and widely used in industry, the drift region of high-voltage LDMOS is mainly modeled, and the drift region of LDMOS is modeled as a variable resistance controlled by voltage. Finally, Verilog-A language and neural network method are used to establish a compact model of LDMOS. The improved model is applied to LDMOS and can better fit the output characteristics with self-heating effect.