Deer Park Research Articles

Castles and Deer Parks in Anglo-Norman Ireland

Castles and Deer Parks in Anglo-Norman Ireland

Zhiyi's Intention of the Secret Teaching _??__??__??__??__??_

When we look closely into the Fahua xuanyi _??__??__??__??_, it is often mentioned that enlightenment can be attained secretly by people with the capacity of the two vehicles.In the Tiwei boli jing _??__??__??__??__??_, which expounds the Five precepts and the Ten Good Acts _??__??__??__??_ to lay believers in the secular world, it is mentioned that some have covertly reached the ultimate insight, anutpattikadharma-ksanti _??__??__??__??_, that nothing arises or perishes. Zhiyi _??__??_ acknowledged this fact and pronounced that enlightenment is possible even through Hinayana doctrines at the time of the preaching in the Deer Park _??__??__??_.However, there is no conclusive verse or prose that can be seen as evidence in the Tiwei boli jing which clearly indicates that some have attained enlightenment within the early stages. Thus, due to the nature of its teaching as being unable to be discussed in words fully, it must be called the secret teaching.

Lodge Park and Charles Bridgeman, Master of 'Incomprehensible Vastness'

Unlike most parks planned by Charles Bridgeman, Lodge Park in Gloucestershire was never altered by later landscape designers. For this reason it has been regarded as a 'complete' Bridgeman landscape, although no one knew precisely what Bridgeman's layout would have looked like. Until 1998 his plan for the park lay unrecognized in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. Following its discovery, it became clear that evidence on the ground was lacking for some key features of his ambitious design, and questions arose about whether Bridgeman's vision had become a reality. In 2005 earthworks covering large areas of the park were analysed by English Heritage. This work revealed that, despite the determination of its owner, Sir John Dutton, Bridgeman's plan was never completed. Nevertheless, aspects of Bridgeman's design can be seen in its layout and he used the park's wide open space and its spectacular natural topography to great effect, striving for the 'incomprehensible vastness' described by Stephen Switzer as characteristic of his work. Lodge Park, Gloucestershire, was one amongst the new generation of deer parks created during the early seventeenth century. But within a century of its creation, deer hunting had fallen out of favour and its large swathe of land was available, and ideally suitable, for an early eighteenth-century designed landscape. When Charles Bridgeman visited he looked out across none of the formal gardens and ornate parterres of the greater estates, but 250 acres of open space awaiting improvement. Two general characteristics of Bridgeman's work endorsed by his contemporaries were his concern for the 'genius loc? and his predisposition for vastness of scale.1 According to Stephen Switzer, Bridgeman believed that 'true greatness consists in Size and Dimension' and his 'Fancy could not be bounded' in his aim to create 'incomprehensible Vastness'.2 Sir Thomas Thornhill, similarly, in his poem entitled A Hue and Cry (1721), remarks that Bridgeman could 'make water for miles altogether' and 'Mountains that reach God knows whither'.3 Lodge Park was eminently suitable for such a landscape. As Horace Walpole put it, 'an open country is but a canvass on which a landscape might be designed'.4 HISTORY

ハハーの起源とその変容過程について

The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes over time of the Ha-ha, which had considerable influence on the shape of the English style of landscape gardens, focusing particularly on the one at Stowe Garden, and from research into its role I would like to put forward some thoughts on the origins of the Ha-ha. Although Walpole credited Bridgeman for the creation of the Ha-ha, even before then they were used all over the country, originating in Levens Hall Garden. The Ha-ha that Bridgeman put in initially at Stowe garden was a stone wall or hedge but it was not an invisible barrier. However afterwards, when the then owner, Earl Temple, remodelled Stowe Garden in a Naturalistic style, he took out the part of the wall which was above ground and linked the garden with the outer park using an optical trick. This was the original role of the Ha-ha. It was not simply for continuity with the outer landscape but it was also to stop animals getting in whilst maintaining the view, and we can see the origins of the Ha-ha in the Moat surrounding the Medieval Garden and ditch and Deer Leap surrounding the Medieval Deer Park.

Characterization of non-methane volatile organic compounds sources in Houston during 2001 using positive matrix factorization

Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMOC) that were most likely to contribute to ozone formation in the Houston, Texas area were measured by Texas Commission on Environmental Quality using AutoSystem Gas Chromatograph. Hourly, integrated NMOC measured between 9 pm and 6 am at the three monitoring sites (Deer Park, Haden Rd., and Clinton Dr.) in Houston were analyzed with Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). Only NMOC data collected during the nighttime was utilized to minimize the influence of photochemistry, motor vehicles, and biogenic sources. A total of 401–883 samples and 38 to 40 NMOC species measured between July 2001 and October 2001 were analyzed. PMF identified seven sources at Deer Park (flare emissions, industrial source, petrochemical source, natural gas/propane, refinery, isoprene source, and motor vehicle), Haden Rd. (flare emissions, petrochemical source, industrial source, solvent, natural gas/propane, refinery, and motor vehicle), and Clinton Dr. (flare emissions, two industrial sources, refinery, natural gas/propane, motor vehicle, and isoprene source). Five similar source types were found among three sites although the sources were differently located. Conditional probability function analysis using surface wind data and identified source contributions aided the identifications of local point sources by providing indications of likely directions for the sources. The results agreed well with the locations of known local NMOC sources.

Beryllium-7 Measurements in the Houston and Phoenix Urban Areas: An Estimation of Upper Atmospheric Ozone Contributions

Natural radionuclides have been proposed as a means of assessing the transport of ozone (O3) and aerosols in the troposphere. Beryllium-7 (7Be) is produced in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere by the interaction of cosmogenic particles with atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen. 7Be has a 53.29-day half-life (478 keV γ) and is known to attach to fine particles in the atmosphere once it is formed. It has been suggested that O3 from aloft can be transported into rural and urban regions during stratospheric–tropospheric folding events leading to increased background levels of O3 at the surface. 7Be can be used as a tracer of upper atmospheric air parcels and the O3 associated with them. Aerosol samples with a 2.5-µm cutoff were collected during 12-hr cycles (day/night) for a 30-day period at Deer Park, TX, near Houston, in August– September of 2000, and at Waddell, AZ, near Phoenix, in June–July of 2001. A comparison of 7Be levels with 12-hr O3 averages and maxima shows little correlation. Comparison of nighttime and daytime O3 levels indicate that during the day, when mixing is anticipated to be higher, the correlation of 7Be with O3 in Houston is approximately twice that observed at night. This is consistent with mixing and with the anticipated loss of O3 by reaction with nitric oxide (NO) and dry deposition. At best, 30% of the O3 variance can be explained by the correlation with 7Be for Houston, less than that for Phoenix where no significant correlation was seen. This result is consistent with the intercept values obtained for 7Be correlations with either O3 24-hr averages or O3 12-hr maxima and is also in the range of the low O3 levels (25 ppb) observed at Deer Park during a tropical storm event where the O3 is attributable primarily to background air masses. That is, maximum background O3 level contributions from stratospheric sources aloft are estimated to be in the range of 15–30 ppb in the Houston, TX, and Phoenix, AZ, area, and levels above these are because of local tropospheric photochemical production.

Wear and Biomechanical Characteristics of a Novel Shear-Reducing Insole with Implications for High-Risk Persons with Diabetes

This study was designed to measure pressure and shear reduction of a novel insole design. We compared three multilayer viscoelastic insoles to a novel insole design (Glide-Soft, Xilas Medical, Inc., San Antonio, TX). The bottom pad of each insole was fabricated from firm-density Plastazote [Apex Foot Products (now Aetrex), South Hackensack, NJ] with an upper of Plastazote, ethyl vinyl acetate, or PORON (Langer Biomechanics Group, Inc., Deer Park, NY). The GlideSoft design used the same materials with two intervening thin sheets of a low friction material. We measured foot pressures, shear, and material stiffness prospectively as the insoles aged during daily usage in 30 healthy adults. We used the F-Scan (Tekscan, Inc., Boston, MA) to determine in-shoe foot pressures and the Automated Stress-relaxation Creep Indenter System (Xilas Medical) to measure material stiffness. To evaluate shear force, the insole was placed on the slide assembly of a custom-designed shear tester equipped with a reciprocating mechanism and force transducers. The GlideSoft exhibited 57% less peak shear force than the standard insole (P < 0.05) in laboratory testing under simulated conditions. Ethyl vinyl acetate had higher compressive stiffness values than Plastazote and PORON at all test intervals (P < 0.05). There were no statistical differences between any of the insoles for peak in-shoe pressure measurements (P > 0.05). The GlideSoft design demonstrated a significant reduction in shear while maintaining equivalent pressure reduction compared with standard insole designs with three different material combinations for up to 320,000 steps.

Validating the Need to Validate Code

© 2005 American Institute of Physics, S-0031-9228-0508-220-7 Validating the Need to Validate Code T article “Computational Science Demands a New Paradigm” by Douglass Post and Lawrence Votta (PHYSICS TODAY, January 2005, page 35) makes some good points about the pitfalls of believing computed physics. The authors propose several criteria for verification and validation of large computational models for making public-policy decisions. Among other examples, they mention climate-change calculations. The article’s figure 5 shows several famous bridges, including as the third example the infamous “Galloping Gertie,” the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in Washington State, which collapsed in 1940. In that case, previous designs were pushed too far, with just one little thing forgotten: resonance! The film of that collapse is still often used in physics classes to dramatize the importance of resonance. Post and Votta “assert that computational science is currently in the midst of” the stage where computing power makes it possible to outrun good engineering judgment. The Kyoto Protocol to curtail CO2 emissions was based on a global circulation model from 1994, now a full decade old. It left out the importance of clouds, because they were just too difficult to model. That model was never even successful in accurately describing the past: It violates the first validation criterion given by Post and Votta. Nevertheless, international policymakers have not attended to validation criteria, have never doubted the truth of the model, and have gathered momentum toward implementing the Kyoto Protocol. Consequently, large economic impact is associated with those computational results. The Galloping Gertie of environmental science is the Kyoto Protocol. Unless computational scientists learn from its shortcomings, it will discredit future attempts to predict climate change. Thomas P. Sheahen (tsheahen@alum.mit.edu) Deer Park, Maryland

How I Became a Biochemist

Why did I become a biochemist? I certainly did not plan to be a biochemist, indeed I had not heard of such an occupation when I was growing up. I was born in the Western suburbs of Melbourne, Australia in a place called Deer Park. This suburb was established in the 1870s as a site for the manufacture of explosives for the goldfields in Ballarat and Bendigo. It was located exactly 12 miles from the centre of Melbourne so management could make the trip from the city centre to the factory and back in a day; a distance that could be comfortably covered by horse and carriage. Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) took over the factory in 1928 and the factory expanded during World War II and over the following years as Australia’s mining industry grew. During my childhood, most of the people who lived in this suburb worked for ICI and their children expected to find employment there when they finished school. My brothers were sent off to do apprenticeships and learn a trade, an option that was not available to a girl. I did not know any women who stayed in the workforce after they were married. I thus had freedom to study whatever I liked during my education at primary and secondary school as I was not expected to have a career. I did well at school, driven by natural curiosity and quite a bit of boredom when I was home. I collected tadpoles and nurtured them until they turned into frogs and learnt to love plants as I followed my mother around the garden. I gathered some concepts from Sunday school that I could not understand. They still bother me. Just how long is eternity and how far is infinity? I enjoyed the broad range of subjects at school and found humanities and science of equal interest. The first big decision that set me on the path to becoming a biochemist was when I had to choose between the science and humanities stream at the end of year 10. My father, inspired by his career in the chemical industry, encouraged me to take the tougher option and do science. How strange when he did not encourage his own sons

Macrofungus communities correlate with moisture and nitrogen abundance in two old-growth conifer forests, Olympic National Park, Washington, USA

We characterized the epigeous macrofungus communities in two old-growth conifer forests by collecting sporocarps. Despite the similarity in dominant tree species in the two forests, the macrofungus communities were very different. At the drier, nitrogen-poor Deer Park area, the macrofungi were dominated by ectomycorrhizal species in the genera Cortinarius, Tricholoma, Hydnellum, Suillus, and Sarcodon. At the wetter, higher nitrogen Hoh Valley, the macrofungi were characterized by ectomycorrhizal species in different genera, such as Inocybe, Russula, Amanita, Boletus, and Phaeocollybia, and saprotrophic fungi accounted for a greater proportion of the community. Species richness was similar at the two areas, but sporocarp production was much higher at Deer Park. We propose that (i) these community differences developed over a long time; (ii) they are largely related to differences in ecosystem moisture and nitrogen abundance; and (iii) within the ectomycorrhizal fungi, possible causal mechanisms involve mycelial morphology and carbon allocation within the symbioses. The apparent response to relatively small but presumably long-term differences in nitrogen abundance suggests that sporocarp production by macrofungi could be an effective bioindicator and should be considered in determination of critical loads for atmospheric nitrogen deposition to temperate and boreal forests.Key words: critical nitrogen loads, ectomycorrhizal fungi, macrofungi, macrofungus communities, nitrogen, old-growth conifer forests.

Pasteurellosis in a herd of Spotted Deer (Axis axis)

Two outbreaks suggestive of pasteurellosis occurred in a captive herd of Spotted Deer in the Deer Park attached to Tripunithura Hill Palace in Ernakulam District, Kerala. They were enclosed in close proximity to a herd of 17 Sambar Deer (Cervus unicolor) in adjacent enclosures, separated by a wire fence. There was no direct contact between these two groups of animals. None of the animals were vaccinated against pasteurellosis. The first outbreak occurred in August 2001 in which out of the 99 Spotted Deer in the herd, 60 (60.1%) were affected. The disease started with signs such as anorexia and frothy nasal discharge, respiratory distress, oedema of intermandibular space and lameness. Constipation, bloodmixed exudate from the anus and recumbency were noticed during the terminal stages of the illness. The animals were treated with sulphadimidine @ 100mg/kg body weight orally for five days. The mortality rate decreased during the course of therapy but increased again when the drug was discontinued. This increase in mortality rate may be due to the fact that the disease may not have been cured completely or it may be due to reinfection. During this outbreak, out of the 60 animals affected, 25 died. Though the Sambar Deer were also affected, mortality was not noticed in them.

Atmospheric Formaldehyde Monitoring in the Greater Houston Area in 2002

A laser spectrometer based on difference frequency generation (DFG) was deployed for real-time long-term monitoring of HCHO concentrations at an environmental monitoring site located at Deer Park, Texas, in the Greater Houston area. Three HCHO concentration measurements were made during the periods of July 20-31 (period I), August 2-14 (period II), and August 24-September 25 (period III), 2002. In periods I and II, differences in HCHO concentrations are apparent between day and night measurements, with elevated concentrations during daylight hours. Most of the HCHO peak values are less than 20 ppbV except for two intense peaks on August 02 (approximately 25 ppbV) and August 04 (approximately 30 ppbV). The formaldehyde concentration levels in ambient air at the measurement site are produced mainly by the photochemical oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) caused by intense sunlight during periods I and II. This observation was made based on a comparison with the ozone concentration, solar radiation, temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed data obtained from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ). During period III, data collected by a time-integrating wet-chemical technique are compared to the data collected by the spectroscopic instrument.

Ravensdale Park, Derbyshire, and medieval deer coursing

ABSTRACT A possible late medieval deer course has been discovered within a deer park at Ravensdale, Derbyshire. The site is described and analysed and its history summarised. The archaeological and historical evidence for post-medieval deer courses is examined and the complex rules of the sport, as well as its social background, are looked at. The conclusion reached is that deer coursing and courses must have developed earlier in the medieval period. The attempt to prove this involves a summary of the documentary, illustrative and archaeological evidence. The paper then traces the possible links between developments in hunting in late medieval times with political, economic and social changes. It ends with a reconstruction of the landscape of Ravensdale Park in the late fourteenth century.

Chemical (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and heavy metal) levels in contaminated stormwater and sediments from a motorway dry detention pond drainage system.

Chemical (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon - PAH and heavy metal) levels in stormwater and sediment samples collected from the London Orbital (M25) motorway drainage dry detention pond at Oxted, Surrey, UK were determined. Such chemicals are derived from vehicular combustion products and the wear and tear materials deposited onto the motorway surface. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of 16 USEPA priority PAHs in motorway drainage sediments. The GC-MS method, incorporating a solid phase extraction step, provides detection limits ranging from 0.17 to 0.41 mg kg(-1)(dry weight). Almost all of the 16 USEPA listed PAHs were detected. Phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(g,h,i)perylene (PAH numbers 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13 and 16) were among the PAHs found at "higher" levels (ranging from 0.3-10.2 mg kg(-1), dry weight) in the sediment samples. PAH levels show little change along the motorway drainage silt trap (facility for reducing the levels of suspended particulate matter in the stormwater). PAH concentrations are considerably higher in the dry detention pond outflow interceptor. Statistical analysis showed that significant correlation coefficients (based on a t-test at the 95% confidence interval) were obtained between those PAHs found at high concentrations over all of the sampling sites. Several PAHs were dispersed beyond the treatment facility and accumulation in the sediment of the deer park resulted in levels ranging from 0.3-1.6 mg kg(-1), dry weight. These PAHs found beyond the treatment facility (in the local farm deer park) may contribute a serious health threat to farm animals or even fish in the aquatic environment. Heavy metal levels (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Sb and Pb) of the drainage stormwater and sediments were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), with quality control evaluation using two certified reference materials. Typical detection limits were found to be below 0.1 [micro sign]g l(-1) for stormwater and 0.005 mg kg(-1) for acid digested sediments. Raised heavy metal levels were found throughout the dry detention pond facility and only decrease when the stormwater is diluted following discharge into the river Eden. Statistical analysis also confirms that some significant correlations exist between various heavy metals and PAHs. However, no overall conclusive trend is found indicating that a particular PAH is deposited in sediment relative to a specific heavy metal/s. These results raise some serious concerns about the dispersion and accumulation of chemicals in the sediments of motorway stormwater drainage systems and the need for maintenance and clean-up of contaminated material from such systems.

AFM Applications in Petrochemical Polymers

Journal Article AFM Applications in Petrochemical Polymers Get access Jiang Liu Jiang Liu ATOFINA Petrochemicals, Inc., Research and Technology Center, PO Box 1200, Deer Park, TX 77536 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 9, Issue S02, 1 August 2003, Pages 452–453, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927603442268 Published: 21 July 2003

The Deer Parks of Domesday Book

This article challenges the assumption that deer parks were introduced into England at the time of the Norman Conquest. One of the earliest and most important sources for deer parks is Domesday Book. Domesday refers to deer enclosures either as 'parks' or 'hays', but there is little evidence to suggest that this reflected any variation in English and Norman approaches to deer management. Rather, the evidence suggests that the way in which the Domesday Inquest was conducted was largely responsible for differences in terminology. In a few cases, it can be shown that pre-Conquest deer enclosures survived as parks in the Anglo-Norman landscape and it is argued here that such continuity across 1066 may have been widespread. It is suggested that there may have been a much closer association between the Anglo-Saxon and Norman deer enclosures than has previously been supposed and that the origins of the English deer park should be sought before the Norman Conquest.

Chemical Operations On The Move

Four chemical companies are shutting down units and relocating operations. In three of the cases, jobs are being cut. BP Solvay Polyethylene says it will close 260 million lb per year of high-density polyethylene capacity at its Deer Park, Texas, facility in the first half of 2003. The company will replace the capacity with a 700 million-lb plant it is building in partnership with Chevron Phillips Chemical in Cedar Bayou, Texas. It hasn't determined how many jobs will be lost. Eastman Chemical is moving a coatings technology center from Carpentersville, III., to its Kingsport, Tenn., headquarters. The company says there will be 50 to 60 fewer jobs in Carpentersville, although 40 jobs will move to Kingsport. Manufacturing will continue at the Carpentersville site, which came with Eastman's 2000 purchase of McWhorter Technologies. Sovereign Specialty Chemicals is closing a waterborne adhesives plant in Cincinnati that employs 118 people. The company is moving production ...

Blancan lagomorphs and rodents of the Deer Park assemblages, Meade County, Kansas

A new collection of lagomorphs and rodents from the Deer Park B local fauna (l.f.) of Meade County, Kansas is described and compared with other small mammal assemblages of the Meade Basin, including the underlying Deer Park A l.f. Deer Park A was correctly assigned by Hibbard to the Blancan, bridging the gap between earlier Blancan faunas such as Fox Canyon and the late Blancan Sanders l.f. Recent fieldwork indicates that the Deer Park quarries may lie in the Rexroad Formation, rather than in the Ballard Formation as previously assumed. The geology and extinct mammalian contingent at Deer Park suggest that the lower horizon of Deer Park A was an active spring that gradually turned into a marshy environment during Deer Park B time. The rodents of Deer Park B are indicative of an open prairie ecosystem that might have been somewhat more arid than that of southwestern Kansas today.

BLANCAN LAGOMORPHS AND RODENTS OF THE DEER PARK ASSEMBLAGES, MEADE COUNTY, KANSAS

A new collection of lagomorphs and rodents from the Deer Park B local fauna (l.f.) of Meade County, Kansas is described and compared with other small mammal assemblages of the Meade Basin, including the underlying Deer Park A l.f. Deer Park A was correctly assigned by Hibbard to the Blancan, bridging the gap between earlier Blancan faunas such as Fox Canyon and the late Blancan Sanders l.f. Recent fieldwork indicates that the Deer Park quarries may lie in the Rexroad Formation, rather than in the Ballard Formation as previously assumed. The geology and extinct mammalian contingent at Deer Park suggest that the lower horizon of Deer Park A was an active spring that gradually turned into a marshy environment during Deer Park B time. The rodents of Deer Park B are indicative of an open prairie ecosystem that might have been somewhat more arid than that of southwestern Kansas today.

Escherichia coli O157 infection associated with a petting zoo

A young child was admitted to hospital with haemolytic-uraemic syndrome caused by infection with a Shiga toxin 2-producing strain of Escherichia coli (STEC) O157. Five days before he became ill, the child had visited a small petting zoo. STEC O157 strains were isolated from faecal samples from goats and sheep housed on the farm. The human and the animal isolates were indistinguishable by molecular subtyping. The petting zoo voluntarily closed temporarily to prevent further cases of infection. Two out of 11 other, randomly selected petting zoos (including one deer park) visited subsequently, tested positive. Furthermore, during the study period there was one more notification of STEC O157 infection possibly linked with a farm visit. Although STEC O157 was indeed found in the petting zoo associated with this patient, transmission through animal contact could not be confirmed because the human isolate was not available for subtyping. The case study and the results of the other on-farm investigations highlight the risk of acquiring severe zoonotic infections during visits to petting zoos.