Deep-seated Change Research Articles

Knowledge architecture for the wise governance of sustainability transitions

The need for sustainability transitions is widely recognised, along with a concurrent need for the evolution of knowledge systems to inform more effective policy action. Although there are many new policy targets relating to net zero emissions and other sustainability challenges, cities, regional and national governments are struggling to rapidly develop transformational policies to achieve them. As academics and practitioners who work at the science-policy interface, we identify specific knowledge and competency needs for governing sustainability transitions related to the interlinked phases of envisioning, implementing and evaluating. In short, coordinated reforms of both policy and knowledge systems are urgently needed to address the speed and scale of sustainability challenges. These include embedding systems thinking literacy, mainstreaming participatory policy making, expanding the capacity to undertake transdisciplinary research, more adaptive governance and continuous organisational learning. These processes must guide further knowledge development, uptake and use as part of an iterative and holistic process. Such deep-seated change in policy-knowledge systems will be disruptive and presents challenges for traditional organisational models of knowledge delivery, but is essential for successful sustainability transformations.

Racism Matters: 4. It’s Time to Tell the Truth: Action needed to support Black people in maternity

This article, the fourth in our Racism Matters series, looks at how racism, implicit bias and lack of action contributes to the higher maternal mortality rate of Black and Brown women. We will look at the rising numbers in the disparity in maternal mortality rates and what happens to the people who draw attention and look for action. We see how more research is perhaps not always the answer, nor has the appropriate lens and take a brief look into the world outside of maternity services to remind us of just how much work needs to be done as well as calls on self, community and global re-education, decolonisation and change. As a doula and a birth activist, I have had a front row seat to the implicit and explicit bias within and without the system. I speak unapologetically about the need for deep-seated change.

Beneath the Tip of the Iceberg: The Teacher’s Changing Role in Light of the Israeli ‘Meaningful Learning’ Reform

To cope with the challenges of the 21st century, a new Israeli educational reform, “Israel is moving up a grade” (known as Israel Ola Kita), was announced in 2014 by the former Minister of Education, Shai Piron, with the aim of assimilating the principles of meaningful learning in schools. A publication of the Ministry of Education, Something Good is Happening Now (2014) presented the policy and milestones for realizing the reform across the educational continuum.The current article highlights the complexities involved in the underlying reform principles concerning the change in the teacher’s role and argues the urgent need for considerations of these complexities through an expanded view of teachers’ professional development (TPD)with the aim of promoting deep-seated change rather than a superficial ‘signaling’ of the reform.

From reductionism to systems thinking: How the shipping sector can address sulphur regulation and tackle climate change

The shipping sector is required to reduce fuel sulphur content to 0.1% in Emission Control Areas by 2015 and to 0.5% globally by 2020. Although this is demanding, a greater challenge for all sectors is climate change. However, the three options to comply with sulphur regulation do little to address this challenge. With a deep-seated change to the type of fuel burnt in marine engines, this should be seen as an opportunity to explore co-benefits of sulphur and carbon reduction – instead of taking a short-sighted approach to the problem. It is argued here that the upcoming sulphur regulations should be postponed and instead, a co-ordinated suite of regulations should be implemented that tackles cumulative CO2 emissions and localised SOx emissions in chorus. This would ensure that less developed, yet more radical, step-change forms of propulsion such as wind, battery and biofuels are introduced from the outset – reducing the risks of infrastructure lock-in and preventing the lock-out of technologies that can meaningfully reduce absolute emissions from the sector.

Picturing the Scientific Revolution (review)

Reviewed by: Picturing the Scientific Revolution Kenneth J. Howell Picturing the Scientific Revolution. By Volker R. Remmert. Translated by Ben Kern. [Early Modern Catholicism and the Visual Arts Series, Vol. 4.] (Philadelphia: Saint Joseph’s University Press, 2011. Pp. vi, 295. $65.00. ISBN 978-0-916-10167-1.) This volume, a translation of the German text Widmung, Welterklaerung, und Wissenschaftslegitimierung (Wiesbaden, 2005) brings to English readers the opportunity of understanding more fully the role of frontispieces, engravings, and visual emblems in the development of astronomy in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Like the texts and images that are Volker R. Remmert’s historical subject, the author provides a kind of explanatio imaginum that brings out the contextual meanings implied in the pictures he examines. The book is handsomely constructed and well annotated with numerous references to historical sources and secondary interpretations drawn from the ranks of historians of science and art. However, Remmert clearly emerges as a historian of science in that his book’s organization is not so much around the images as much it is around the ideas inscribed in the images. He contextualizes the images, not in an artistic tradition, but in the debates around Copernicanism and the attempt to gain support for both science and the theory itself. As the German title suggests, Remmert shows the role of dedication (Widmung) in garnering patronage for the sciences, a strategy closely related to the legitimation of the mathematical sciences in general and the heliocentric theory in particular (Wissenschaftslegitimierung). Although the book belongs to a series on early-modern Catholicism, Remmert treats as many as Protestant scholars (for example, Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, Philippus Lansbergen, John Wilkins) as he does Catholic (Christopher Scheiner, Christopher Clavius, Giovanni Battista Riccioli). He devotes considerable space to Brahe and his attempt to enhance the status of astronomy as a discipline, a trend that continued through the seventeenth century (chapter 6). This elevation of astronomy involved constructing a tradition of astronomy that included not only the customary luminaries such as Alfonso the Wise and Copernicus but also the portrayal of Ptolemy as a king in William Cunningham’s Cosmographicall Glass (1559). Remmert furthers the not-to-be-forgotten work of Nicholas Jardine in the 1980s on Kepler’s attempt to construct a new history of astronomy in his defense of Brahe. These are instances of how the discipline of astronomy experienced a deep-seated change in its aims and self-characterization between Copernicus and Isaac Newton. Chapter 7 covers the pictorial representations of four Jesuit figures. The author offers enlightening commentary on how a book in early-modern Europe functioned in multiple ways only one of which was to be read. Extending his earlier discussion of Scheiner’s Rosina Ursina (Bracciano, 1630), Remmert demonstrates how the visual representations contained in this volume served the dual purposes of soliciting patronage and fostering the [End Page 573] advancement of science itself. The three other Jesuits treated (Mario Bettini, André Schott, Francesco Eschinardi) advance the theme of the application of the mathematical sciences by invoking the imagery of gardens, pictures that to seventeenth-century eyes would no doubt have connected their thoughts to Eden and the implied command in Genesis to increase knowledge for the glory of God and the betterment of the human race. Given the high quality of this volume, Remmert’s interpretations are nevertheless open to criticism, especially with regard to issues of biblical and scientific authority. His treatment of Scheiner’s Rosa Ursina is rich and nuanced but results in some overstatements. He contends that the difference between Galileo, as expressed in Il Saggiatore, and Scheiner lay in the latter’s vote for the negating authority of the Bible and patristic exegetical consensus even in matters of physical truth. However, the frontispiece of the Rosa Ursina does not necessarily suggest a belief in the superiority of biblical and patristic truth so much as a trust in the concurrence of natural and scriptural knowledge. In general, this book leads the reader into the beautiful world of early-modern representations of scientific ideas. Kenneth J. Howell Institute of Catholic Thought University of Illinois, Champaign Copyright © 2012 The Catholic University of America Press

Learning to Show and Tell Capitalist Style

Mirrors of the Economy: National Accounts and International Norms in Russia and Beyond. By Yoshiko M. Herrera Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2010. 252 pp., $49.95 hardcover (ISBN 978-08014-4585-9). The collapse of the Soviet Union also saw the end of the particularly Soviet method of national economic accounting. The USSR did not account for its national economic development through the system of national accounts (SNA), the procedure for generating statistical pictures of national economic wealth and development standard in advanced liberal capitalist economies that we take for granted as the means of measuring economic activity. The USSR used the material product system (MPS) and its satellite states followed suit. MPS covered a different range of economic activity to SNA, divided the economy up into different sectors, and had a different headline statistics: where SNA calculates gross domestic product and its components, MPS was concerned with “net material product,” roughly the volume of what was produced, and the balances between economic sectors. The differences between the two systems of national accounting meant that moving from MPS to SNA after the end of communism was a major change both in how statistics were gathered, the use that they could be put to, and the operation and political importance of Goskomstat, the state statistical agency. Such deep-seated and far-reaching change is …

试论城乡教育一体化进程的实践复杂性<br>On the Integration Process Complexity of the Urban and Rural Education Practice

城乡教育一体化理论是城乡一体化理论在教育领域的运用，其作为缩小城乡教育差距，实现城乡教育公平发展的重要方法途径而受到普遍的关注，各个地方教育行政机构纷纷提出了城乡教育一体化改革方案，进而也推动了学术界对城乡教育一体化的研究。基于城乡教育一体化理论研究和社会教育实践的热潮，反观城乡教育一体化进程中的理论研究和实践情况，笔者认为城乡教育一体化进程中存在实践复杂性，具体表现为：城乡教育一体化进程中区域实践的局限性、深层次变革的限制、政策实践的局限性、实践领导力的复杂性和演进模式的复杂性等方面。反思实践可以促进城乡教育一体化的理论研究和实践进程。 The theory of integration of urban and rural education, urban-rural integration theory in the field of education, the use of a universal concern as to narrow the urban-rural gap in education, to achieve equitable development of urban and rural education approaches, each local educational administration and practicing entities proposed urban and rural education integrated reform program, and even the past two years has become a hot academically research topic. Based on the integration theory of practice of urban and rural education, theory and practice in the other hand, the integration process of urban and rural education, the author believed that the process of integration of urban and rural education practice complexity, it displayed as follows: the integration process of urban and rural education in regional practice limitations of deep-seated change limits, the limitations of the policy practice, the complexity and the complexity of the evolutionary pattern of the practice of leadership. Through that thought, reflective practice promotes the integration of urban and rural education theory research and practice progress.

The Critic as Quietist

Though a radical critic of capitalist society, Thorstein Veblen was a political quietist. His ideas of social evolution, cultural lag, and predatory power help to explain why. Veblen saw the need for deep-seated social change but despaired of its chances. He was in crucial ways a tragic writer, a radical realist who refused to yield to the temptations of political life. Veblen's quietism also helps to explain the hesitant, often unwelcome reception more ideologically minded scholars have given to his work. Attributing Veblen's quietism to timidity or confusion, they have frequently avoided coming to grips with his distinctions between theory and pragmatism, science and politics, which lie at the heart of his political refusal. Theory and science push toward reasonable explanations and accounts of things; pragmatic and predatory political actors apply “worldly wisdom” to the exploit of others. Scientists cannot change institutions; political actors cannot dispense with the operations of power. Veblen asks much of us: for he struggled to undrape the veils of power while puncturing false hopes in the prospects of democracy. His quietism situates itself within this awful contradiction. Above all, Veblen's work serves the purpose of reminding us that neither science nor democracy constitutes a self-evident ground for belief in the inherent reasonableness or justice of action per se. For these reasons alone, an acquaintance with his work should be part of any solidly grounded education in the possibilities and limits of democratic political life in a scientific age.

What Are Some New Ways That Psychotherapy Can Help Bring About “Deep-Seated” Change?: Introduction and Preview

For practitioners who value deep-seated change, the first purpose is to move closer to clarification of what is meant by “deep-sealed” change. The second purpose is to provide preview capsule summaries of some relatively promising ways of achieving this kind of change. Practitioners are invited to try out these new ways, and to pursue further and better ways of helping to bring about deep-seated personal change.

Quality improvement in higher education: a critical review, with reference to South Africa

In view of the controversy which characterises systems for quality assurance in higher education worldwide, this article provides a critical review of the theory and practice of quality in the higher education sector. The state of affairs in South Africa is also reviewed, with the focus on the new system for quality assurance which is currently being implemented. Despite good intentions, however, the new system in South Africa tends to be over-burocratic, with limited potential for deepseated change and quality improvement as a result of the focus on accountability rather than on continuous improvement. Real improvement is an internally driven process, which cannot be achieved through burocratic measurement and control. In line with what has been experienced internationally, this article argues that a more flexible approach to the meaning of quality in the context of higher educaction is required in South Africa. Apart from defining and assuring quality, this approach should also be directed at its improvement. However, the point of departure has to be quality improvement, and not quality assurance and control.

Women, Philanthropy, and Civil Society

Table of Contents - Introduction - Kathleen D. McCarthy 1. Women and Philanthropy in Nineteenth-Century Ireland - Maria Luddy 2. Women and Philanthropy in France - From the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Centuries - Evelyne Diebolt 3. Women and Philanthropy in Brazil - An Overview - Leilah Landim 4. The Norwegian Voluntary Sector and Civil Society in Transition - Women as a Catalyst of Deep-Seated Change - Per Selle 5. Women and Philanthropy in Colonial and Post-Colonial Australia - Shurlee Swain 6. Parallel Power Structures, Invisible Careers, and the Changing Nature of American Jewish Women's Philanthropy - Susan M. Chambre [accent grave] 7. Women and Philanthropy in Egypt - Amani Kandil 8. An Islamic Activist in Interwar Egypt - Beth Baron 9. Women and Philanthropy in Palestinian and Egyptian Societies - The Contributions of Islamic Thought and the Strategy of National Survival - Ghada Hashem Talhami 10. Women and Philanthropy in India - Pushpa Sundar 11. Women and Philanthropy in South Korea from a Non-Western Perspective - Hye Kyung Lee Notes on Contributors

Être victime : généalogie d’une condition clinique

Post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) were rediscovered following the publication in 1980 of the American DSM–III revised classification of mental disorders, and have acquired increasing visibility and importance in psychiatry. It is the only psychiatric diagnosis that can result in possible financial compensation, as it is based upon exterior accidental etiology, that is to say, PTSD, a diagnosis that is one of the few that has been accepted, and not only for financial considerations. PTSD is an example of the break from the habitually negative image of mental illness. However, the rediscovery of PTSD has demonstrated that it is not the semiology that has been altered by the DSM–III revised version, but the approach to considering the traumatism and above all, the traumatized victim. In this sense, PTSD has largely contributed to the emergence of a certain recognition of these victims, their status, and their specific problems; however, this has also led to a reassessment of the victim's condition: — a human condition, that of being a victim, has now been accorded a clinical category — that of suffering from PTSD. This article reviews the genealogy of this clinical condition, and shows from an anthropological point of view how it is based upon a deep-seated change in the attitude towards the veracity of traumatic narration.

How to use psychotherapy on, for, and by oneself.

One version of the question that John Norcross and Robert Brown are asking is What do psychotherapists do for their own self-care, perhaps to help replenish themselves, perhaps to feel better? Here is my short answer: I have experiential sessions on, for, and by myself. Here is a longer answer: Every 2 weeks or so, I spend about 1½-2 hr going through an experiential session by myself in order to undergo a deep-seated change toward becoming the person I am capable of becoming and in order to be free of the painful scene that was front and center for me in this session. Here is my concluding invitation: If you want to feel better, and if you want to accomplish some of the wonderful things that psychotherapy can help bring about, then have regular psychotherapy sessions, preferably experiential sessions, on, for, and by yourself.

The management of surplus capacity: or how does theory stand up to protectionism 1970s style?

Contemporary trends toward protectionism seem not merely to represent a passing phase in the world political economy but reflect widespread resistance to deep-seated structural change. In three major sectors of the world economy characterized by surplus capacity—textiles, steel, and shipbuilding—state policies increasingly challenge liberal, market-oriented economic arrangements. The emergence of restrictive arrangements in these areas is still primarily organized nationally: multinational enterprises do not dominate economic activity. Conflict among firms over market shares is reflected, therefore, in conflict among governments. Such conflict may be temporarily resolved through market-sharing agreements, but these are inherently unstable. Increasing state involvement is likely in the long run to exacerbate the problems of capitalism and to increase conflict over international economic issues. These adverse developments will call further into question theories of international political economy that assume compatibility between a liberal, market-oriented international economic system and a state-oriented international political system.

Regional induction studies: A review of methods and results

The geomagnetic skin-effect is specified by setting three length scales in relation to each other: L 1 for the overhead source. L 2 for the lateral non-uniformity of the subsurface conductor, L 3 for the depth of penetration of a quasi-uniform transient field into this conductor. Relations for the skin-effect of a quasi-uniform source in layered conductors are generalized to include sources of any given geometry by introducing response kernels as functions of frequency and distance. They show that only those non-uniformities of the source which occur within a distance comparable to L 3 from the point of observation are significant. The skin-effect of a quasi-uniform source in a laterally non-uniform earth is expressed by linear transfer functions for the surface impedance and the surface ratio of vertical/horizontal magnetic variations. In the case of elongated structures and E-polarisation of the source, a modified apparent resistivity is defined which as a function of depth and distance gives a first orientation about the internal distribution of conductivity. The skin-effect of a non-uniform source in a non-uniform earth is considered for stationary and “running” sources. Recent observations on the sea floor and on islands indicate a deep-seated change of conductivity at the continent—ocean transition, bringing high conductivity close to the surface, a feature which may not prevail, however, over the full width of the ocean. There is increasingly reliable evidence for high conductivities (0.02 to 0.1 micro −1 m −1) at subcrustal or even at crustal depth beneath certain parts of the continents, in some cases without obvious correlation to geological structure.

The work of Picture-stores in Further Education for Teachers

We are at present witnessing a deep-seated change in the field of education. One of the manifestations of this is the rebuilding of teacher training, and of teacher training in all its forms.

Some Observations on Biology Teachers and Teaching

Perhaps the past two decades have witnessed more significant discoveries in than the previous century. Since the 1940s, this rapid change has been accompanied by a very serious effort to improve the communication of biological knowledge to the student. In fact, the advance in methods for transferring modem biological knowledge from the researcher's desk to the student's mind may be as remarkable a development as those emanating from the laboratories of the research scientists themselves. Hurd (1) points out many trends in the recent teaching of biology; he analyzes the decade of 1950-1960 as a period of intensive post-mortems over the past of the teaching of During the 1950's, extensive recommendations and planning for the future of the teaching of occurred. But by and large, action programs involving real change in the classroom teaching of and in the education of teachers is a phenomenon of the sixties. In this decade, one not only observes development of experimental classroom materials but, also an increasing number of experimenters trying out techniques and some older untested techniques on teaching of Thus, the 1950's saw much discussion of teaching, but the 1960's is a period of action, a period of deep-seated change. Why has it taken so long for intensive and extensive experimentation in the teaching of to develop? I think the main reason is because the many and varied professionals required for such an effort became willing to cooperate, and the funds needed have become available. This job has required knowledgeable professionals from the secondary schools, research laboratories, college classrooms, schools of education, testing services, etc. The effort is now bearing fruit. The cooperation of diverse groups seems destined to continue, and recent legislation by the 89th Congress points toward continued financial support for research in education. Enough has been written about the stu-ident and teacner materials prepared by the BSCS over the past six years so that further discussion here would belabor the point. New student materials prepared under other auspices are beginning to reflect some of these emphases. This kind of for high school students has created problems for the teachers. The new biology can be handled adequately in the classroom only by highly skilled, teachers of More than ever before, the successful purveyor of needs a thorough training in and how is taught. Furthermore, the teachers of today and of the future must be prepared to continue learning and experimenting for the improvement of teaclhing. The modern teacher of is accepting this challenge. He is thinking beyond those planners who would place a premium on mediocrity in his profession. hliose schemes of teacher certification which recognize the lowest comr.mon denominators of competence in designating qualified teachers are totally inadequate for the ermerging teacher of There is clearly a trend towards greater competence, a trend which will certainly continue. Competent teachers of will force the teaching of the subject toward a level which will be unattainable by the non-professional. The day of ultimate achievement is still distant, but the trend is firmly established. At this point, it would be well to say what is meant by the term professional teacher of biology. For purposes of this discussion, professionals are people who have demonstrated a thorough understanding of what they are doing. Thus, the teacher teaches Since the teacher teaches, he must thoroughly understand what a teacher does; and since he teaches biology, he must also understand what is about. It is obvious that the teacher must be an unusually competent person with training and

A Trade Policy for the 1960s

THE savant who first observed that politics is art of said much less than seems to meet eye. The ex ante and ex post concepts of the possible are dis concertingly different. One might better say that politics is art of enlarging possible. And one could well add that an in dispensable step in process is to have a view of goals be yond for which one is reaching. Our exploration of a trade policy for 1960s, therefore, will not proceed from premise that a democratic government is captive of parochial interests it represents; on that as sumption, we are slated for dinosaur's fate. Instead, our general frame of reference is this: What trade policy does decade of 1960s demand for survival and growth? And what could a determined President hope to achieve, at outside, if he exploited every possibility in his position of leadership? In past decade or two, a deep-seated change has occurred in traditionally protectionist views of more highly devel oped countries of world. During this period, it has been pos sible for twoscore members of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to cut deep into their import barriers. The Organization for European Economic Cooperation managed to implement an unprecedented Code of Trade Liberalization. A European Coal and Steel Community has been achieved and a European Economic Community and European Free Trade Area have followed. Each of these programs constituted a minor miracle of a sort, patently impossible before it actually occurred. The fact that miracle none less occurred can be ascribed to various forces. One of these forces?one which can easily be underemphasized? has been persistent advocacy by most professional economists in advanced countries for reduction of trade barriers and broadening of markets. The wartime emergencies and post war problems precipitated economists into posts of key impor tance, not only in United States but in many other advanced countries as well. In these posts, influenced by fresh professional analyses, economists-turned-administrators have supported various programs of trade liberalization.

An electron microscope and X-ray study of the synaeresis of actomyosin

1. 1. The synaeresis of actomyosin in 0.05 M KCl in the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been examined in the electron microscope and by X-ray diffraction. 2. 2. The most reasonable interpretation of the combined results is that the primary dissociation of the actomyosin network by ATP is followed by the formation of more robust and dense fibres by a process of side-to-side aggregation, and that this effect takes place without any deep-seated change of molecular configuration. In other words, the synaeresis is an intermolecular drawing-together in a direction at right angles to the macroscopic change that occurs when muscle contracts. For the present, therefore, it does not seem possible from electron microscope and X-ray studies to trace any direct relation between the two phenomena. 3. 3. The findings are discussed in connection with the theory of muscular contraction advanced by Szent-Györgyi and his school.

Soil improvement in the Sudan Gezira

After reviewing the possibility of soil deterioration in the Gezira and its dependence on change in the exchangeable bases in the soil we have given an account of field trials with soil improvers. Increased penetration of water, improved supply of nitrogen and higher yields were obtained, but the effects were not lasting. A part of the initial response is ascribed to the flocculating action of salts formed near the soil surface by interaction between soil and soil improver. With continued watering these salts are washed from the surface soil, but the applications of soil improver were insufficiently heavy and the leaching insufficiently thorough to effect any deep-seated change in the soil. Drainage experiments in which effluents were measured and analysed showed small changes in the right direction, but their main outcome has been strikingly to confirm the view that lateral movement of water through Gezira soil is so slight as to promise small hope of achieving any large-scale improvements by means of subsoil drainage. Analyses of saltbush have been made and showed that although these plants remove much sodium from the soil they can hardly be regarded as a practicable agent in soil improvement, since the amount of sodium in the soil is comparatively large. On the other hand, it appears that by including saltbush in rotation and by removing the crop from the land it is possible to guarantee that no progressive deterioration will occur in consequence of accumulation of sodium introduced in the irrigation water. Further analyses of irrigation water were made in this connexion and substantially confirmed Beam's earlier data.We do not yet know whether, under normal irrigation, the general tendency is for an accumulation of sodium or whether, on the contrary, salts are slowly being washed from the soil column (Greene & Peto, 1934). Until the nature and extent of chemical changes in the soil are accurately assessed it is impossible to say what annual expenditure on soil improvers, drainage, growing and disposal of saltbush is needed for maintenance of soil fertility. Further laboratory work should be directed to the detailed study of base exchange in Gezira soil and to observation of the physical characters on which permeability depends while, in the field, further experiments should be made in the use of soil improvers and drainage; information should also be sought as to the most convenient and least expensive way of including saltbush in the rotations best suited to different parts of the Gezira and as to the economic disposal of saltbush ash.