Deep Peels Research Articles

Phenol peeling. Risks and medical care when performing this aesthetic procedure

Phenol chemical peeling is considered a deep peeling that promotes facial rejuvenation, an aggressive method, promoting the exchange of several layers of the epidermis and dermis generating local re-epithelialization, leading to intense cell renewal, which helps in rejuvenation, stimulating its collagen, and consists of accelerating the exfoliation of the skin, through the use of chemical agents (acids), accelerating the speed of cell renewal.

Frontal fibrosing alopecia—A new absolute contraindication for deep chemical peels

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is characterized by a receding hairline in the frontotemporal region due to the gradual loss of hair follicles and then follicular stem cells and follicular fibrosis. Follicular stem cells are crucial in skin healing after chemical peeling and other resurfacing procedures. Although there is a possible association of FFA with a history of facial and scalp surgical procedures, there is no information on the safety of cosmetic procedures in patients with FFA. We report five patients with FFA who experienced unusual and complicated outcomes after undergoing a deep chemical peel (phenol and croton oil). As the prevalence of FFA continues to increase globally, it is essential to raise awareness about the potential incompatibility of this dermatologic disorder with specific cosmetic procedures, such as deeper peels and other resurfacing modalities.

815 Translational Research in Skin of Color Spontaneous Repigmentation of Post-Chemical Burn Leucoderma

IntroductionAfter facial burn injuries to skin of color (SOC) patients, repigmentation plays a critical role in post-burn quality of life, given the acquired contrast between preserved skin and achromic scars, and that daily concealment may be difficult. While leucoderma is a well-known side-effect of deep chemabrasion with phenol, phenol-croton oil, and high concentration trichloroacetic acid, mechanisms of repigmentation are still not fully understood, and the observation of spontaneous repigmentation of a deep chemical injury in SOC has not previously been described in the literature. In our study, we present the dynamics of long-term spontaneous facial repigmentation of a Fitzpatrick V chemical burn patient, with microscopic findings of a deep chemical peel SOC animal model.MethodsWe demonstrate spontaneous repigmentation in a 37-year-old female who initially presented with depigmented areas, erosions and eschars on the face, 7 days after accidental deep chemical burn, due to self-application of 70% glycolic acid to improve acne. This is juxtaposed with a SOC porcine experiment, performed with 35% phenol, 1.6% croton-oil, to evaluate depth-of-injury, neocollagenesis band thickness in 21 days, and skin pigmentary safety. A 6mm punch biopsy taken at 21 days underwent Herovici staining to reveal the thickness of collagen type III neocollagenesis, confirm the presence of melanin in the epidermis, and evaluate the presence of melanophages.ResultsOn patient presentation, epidermolysis and areas of deep dermal burns were observed over the forehead and cheeks. At 14 days, multiple leucoderma scars persisted and initial perifollicular repigmentation was noticeable. At 28 days, most of the skin was repigmented; however, many areas had only perifollicular repigmentation and still very severe leucoderma. At 6 months, the skin still had small areas of leucoderma with folicular repigmentation. At 11 months the skin color was fully recovered, with minimal post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) over the cheeks.As for the SOC animal model, at 7 days the eschar was detached, and the skin was achromic. At 21 days, skin pigmentation was completely restored without macroscopic signs of PIH. Dermatopathology evaluation revealed microscopic areas of melanophages, a fully recovered epidermal melanin, and a band of over 500 micra of collagen type III.Overall, on follicle-dense areas after chemical burn, we observed progressive full repigmentation over the course of 11 months on the patient, and by day 21 in the porcine SOC model.ConclusionsSpontaneous repigmentation occurred both after accidental deep chemical ablation to the face of a SOC patient, and on the porcine SOC model after deep chemical peel formula application.

Medium-depth Trichloroacetic Acid and Deep Phenol-Croton Oil Chemical Peeling for Facial Rejuvenation: An Update.

Face-lift is an established rejuvenation modality; however, when performed alone, it lacks the ability to improve the appearance of fine wrinkles and dyschromias that are an important component of facial rejuvenation. Although it is only natural to be attracted by the latest technologically advanced innovative skin resurfacing techniques, chemical peeling has been proven to be a simple and effective method with a relatively good safety profile. Unfortunately, the practice of chemical peeling has relied for a long time on dogmas perpetuated by early reports without any real scientific basis. Moreover, application of peels has been hindered by difficult estimation of penetrance and control of depth. Three decades ago, a shift has occurred from early dogmatic empirical application to better understanding of the peeling formulations and mechanism of action together with appreciation of the interaction between the various components of the peeling formulations in addition to better estimation of clinical end points and peel depth. Given the increasing demand for none or minimally invasive cosmetic procedures, the current review is aimed at highlighting the recent applications of available medium-depth and deep chemical peels for optimal facial rejuvenation and for the treatment of photo-related aging skin changes.

The role of dietary supplements in cosmetology therapy based on deep chemical peels

Treatments based on deep chemical peels are aimed at cell renewal, accelerating the synthesis of collagen, elastin and glycosaminoglycans, and consequently improving skin firmness, reducing wrinkles and scars. Due to the small molecule and low pH, chemical peels interact at the level of the living layers of the epidermis and dermis. They lead to controlled skin damage and initiate regeneration and remodeling processes. The consequence of using peels at the level of the dermis is the formation of new cells capable of synthesizing more collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid. During treatments aimed at cell exchange and stimulation of fibroblasts, the demand for amino acids, microelements and vitamins increases. Their supply is complemented by dietary supplements. The aim of the study was to show the role of dietary supplements in cosmetology treatments based on chemical peels acting at the level of the dermis. The synergy of simultaneous use of dietary supplements and chemical peels as well as the positive effect of supplementation on the effects visible on the skin was indicated.

Characterization of the Activity of Croton tiglium Oil in Hetter's Very Heavy Phenol-Croton Oil Chemical Peels.

Croton oil (CO) is used by dermatologists and plastic surgeons in deep chemical peels. It is mixed with phenol, water, and a soap in Baker-Gordon's or Hetter's formulas. There is controversy as to whether CO or phenol is the active agent in the dermal effect of deep chemical peels. To better clarify the role of CO in deep peels, by identification of active compounds in commercially available CO in the United States and biological effects in vivo. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry on CO and a domestic pig model experiment using 3 different formulas: G1: 5% Septisol (SEP), G2: 1.6% croton oil in 35% phenol with 5% SEP, and G3: 35% phenol with 5% SEP. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry indicated the presence of phorbol esters. G1 was null overall. Extent of the coagulative necrosis: G2 > G3. Vascular ectasia: G2 > G3. Inflammation pattern: intense neutrophilic inflammatory band in G2 versus mild, sparse, perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrate in G3. Neocollagenesis: pronounced in G2, negligible in G3. Coagulative necrosis of the epidermis, superficial fibroblasts, and vasculature can be attributed to the action of phenol. Phorbol esters on CO could be responsible for the dense deep acute inflammation and the distinctive neocollagenesis.

Two-step treatment of bulky keloids on the cheeks after deep chemical peeling: intralesional cryosurgery followed by pulsed dye and ablative fractional CO2 laser

Scarring of the face following chemical peeling is an uncommon and devastating complication. This case report describes the successful treatment of bulky mature keloids on both cheeks following deep chemical peeling by using a combined approach of intralesional cryosurgery followed by pulsed dye and ablative fractional CO2 laser therapy. Level of evidence: Level V, therapeutic study.

Is there still a place for deep chemical peels in the treatment of perioral wrinkles?

Baker-Gordon formula phenol chemical peel remains the most effective and long-lasting treatment for deep facial lines. However, this treatment is associated with risk of serious complications, such as arrhythmias and dystrophic scars. With the emergence of new and safer technologies for facial rejuvenation, such as fractionated carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers and microneedling, there has been a decrease in the use of deep chemical peels. This raises the question of whether there is still a place for deep phenol chemical peels. In this sense, we present a successful case of using Baker-Gordon formula phenol chemical peel at the perioral region for treating advanced wrinkles. This technique is called "Regional Phenol Peeling" and is safer than the use of the formula applied to the entire face, since it does not need systemic monitoring.

Depth Map for Face and Neck Deep Chemical Peel Resurfacing.

Chemical peels are applied to the face and neck to improve rhytides and the photoaged appearance of the skin. Peels can be applied to different skin depths depending on the types of chemicals, the volume of solution, and the amount of pressure or friction applied. If a peel is applied too superficially, rhytides will not be removed. If a peel is applied too deeply, scarring or hypopigmentation could occur. To create face and neck depth maps for chemical peeling, which can guide safety when removing rhytides and improving the skin's appearance. A multicenter retrospective review of records was conducted of patients who underwent phenol-croton oil peeling, from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018. Information was collected on facial and neck cosmetic units peeled, peel formula and strength used, outcomes, and complications. A total of 410 patients received deep peels. Two depth maps were created that corresponded to the most common patterns of deep chemical peel applications. Different areas of the face and neck are treated with different chemical peel application depths to safely improve rhytides and appearance. Depth maps are created to balance safety and efficacy.

Corrosion behavior of X80 steel under disbond coating interfered with AC

Purpose This paper aims to research the corrosion behavior of the metal under the disbonded coatings interfered with AC through electrochemical method. Design/methodology/approach The corrosion behavior of the metal under disbond coating interfered with alternate stray current (AC) was studied by electrochemical methods using the rectangular coating disbonded simulator. The obtained data from electrode potential test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization curves in simulated soil solution indicated that under the natural corrosion condition, the self-corrosion potential and the corrosion current density of the metal at different depths under disbond coating had obviously changed if there was AC interference. Findings The self-corrosion potential of the metal at the same depths under disbond coating shifted negatively with the rising of the AC voltage. Under the condition of cathode polarization, there was still obvious potential gradient with the extension of the deep peeling of the coating gap, and the corrosion current density of the test points was minimum, and the protection effect was best when the cathode protection potential was −1.0 V. When the metal was applied with over-protection, the corrosion rate of the metal increased as AC stray current flowing through it increased. Originality/value This paper used the rectangular aperture device to study the corrosion behavior of X80 steel under the disbonded coatings through electrochemical methods when the AC stray current interference voltage was 0V, 1V, 5V or 10V and the protection potential was 0V, −0.9V, −1.0V, −1.2V or −1.3V, respectively. There is great significance to the safe operation and long-term service of pipeline steel in soil environment.

Chemical peels in the treatment of acne: patient selection and perspectives

Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disorder in adolescents and young adults. It carries a significant psychological and economic burden to patients and society. A wide range of therapeutic options are available, including topicals and systemic therapies. Chemical peeling is a skin resurfacing procedure intended to regenerate normal skin from the application of exfoliative agents. It has been used for the treatment of acne vulgaris and other skin disorders for decades. There are several chemical agents with variable mechanisms of action, usually classified as superficial, medium, and deep peels. When selecting the patient and the appropriate peel, the dermatologist individualizes therapy, and performs an extensive interview, including past medical history and physical exam. Several host factors can affect the outcome of this procedure, including current psychological state, medications, history of surgery, and immune system, among others. The physician must also be confident that the peel is safe and effective for the target patient. The Fitzpatrick skin type scale is a useful tool to classify patients based on skin color and ability to tan, but also can be used to evaluate preoperative risk of postpeel response and complications. Dark-skinned patients (Fitzpatrick skin type IV–VI), including blacks, Asian, and Hispanic/Latino, are at higher risk of postinflammatory/postpeel hyperpigmentation. When treating these populations, deep chemical peels should be avoided, and preoperative preparation emphasized. There are many studies available in the literature supporting the use of superficial to medium depth peels as adjuvant therapy for acne vulgaris. This review article aims to present the most important factors when selecting a patient for a chemical peel, the evidence behind its safety and efficacy, and special considerations when choosing a specific agent.

Chemical Peeling with a Modified Phenol Formula for the Treatment of Facial Freckles on Asian Skin.

Chemical peeling is an efficient method for the treatment of pigment disorders. For freckles, medium-depth to deep peeling using a phenol solution is one of the most effective chemical peels, and modifications of facial skin can be observed up to 20years after peeling. However, applying phenol to the skin may cause serious side effects. Phenol peeling has been rarely used in Asia due to its tendency to cause permanent pigmentary changes and hypertrophic scars. In total, 896 Chinese inpatients with facial freckles were enrolled in this study. The phenol formula was modified with crystalline phenol, dyclonine, camphor, anhydrous alcohol and glycerin and adjusted to a concentration of 73.6-90.0%. The entire peeling treatment was divided into two procedures performed separately on 2days. All patients exhibited 26% or greater improvement, and 99.66% of patients exhibited 51% or greater improvement (good and excellent). Scarring and systemic complications were not observed in any patient. The modified phenol formula is very effective and safe for the treatment of facial freckles in Asian patients. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Histological case–control study of peeling-induced skin changes by different peeling agents in surgically subcutaneous undermined skin flaps in facelift patients

A histological evaluation of peeling-induced skin changes in subcutaneous undermined preauricular facial skin flaps of nine patients was performed. There were three treatment groups: Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) 25%, TCA 40% and phenol/croton oil; one group served as control. Two independent evaluators determined the epidermal and dermal thickness and the depth of necrosis (micrometre). The percentual tissue damage due to the peeling was calculated, and a one-sample t-test for statistical significance was performed. On the basis of the histomorphological changes, peeling depth was classified as superficial, superficial-partial, deep-partial and full thickness chemical burn. The histological results revealed a progression of wound depth for different peeling agents without full thickness necrosis. TCA peels of up to 40% can be safely applied on subcutaneous undermined facial skin flaps without impairing the vascular patency, producing a predictable chemical burn, whereas deep peels such as phenol/croton oil peels should not be applied on subcutaneous undermined skin so as to not produce skin slough or necrosis by impairing vascular patency.

Chemical peel treatments in dermatology

Chemical peel treatments, which utilize a number of chemical peeling solutions subject to patient indication, are an easy to learn therapeutic technique suited for, in particular, various types of acne, acne scars, actinic keratosis and "sun-damaged skin". Especially the positive and long-lasting results of deep peels in the area of skin rejuvenation are deemed the gold standard against which other techniques, including lasers, must compare themselves. Other benefits of chemical peels include the flexibility to mix and match chemical solutions to custom design the treatment best suited for the desired degree of skin penetration, as well as the relatively low cost.

Options and Challenges for Facial Rejuvenation in Patients With Higher Fitzpatrick Skin Phototypes.

People of color comprise approximately 47% of the US population; more than half of the population growth is owing to peoplewhoidentifyasHispanic,andtheAsianpopulationgrew faster than any other ethnic group between 2000 and 2010. The white population of the United States is projected to be in the minority by 2044.1 A recent surveyby theAmerican Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery indicates that ethnic minorities constitutednearly 22%ofpatientsundergoing cosmetic procedures in 2014, and this percentage is increasing.2 Despite thesestatistics thatproject agrowth indemandforcosmetic procedures by dark-skinned individuals, there is a paucity of literature regarding the treatment of these patients. In this issueof JAMAFacialPlastic Surgery,Harris andSundaram3 add to thebodyof literaturebydemonstrating the safetyofmicrofocusedultrasound inpatientswithhigherFitzpatrick skin types. The safety of this procedure may be owing in part to the unique characteristics of and challenges posed by Fitzpatrick skin types III to VI. Melanin is photoprotective; therefore, darker-skinned individuals aremore likely to exhibit changes consistent with intrinsic aging (softand hard-tissue volume loss, gravity-induced soft-tissue redistribution, and deep rhytids) later in life compared with fairer-skinned individuals who tend to have a higher incidence of changes related to photo damage (wrinkles, lentigines, keratosis, mottled pigmentation, telangiectasia, lossof translucency, textural roughness, and sallow color) earlier in life. Paradoxically, high skin melanin contentpredisposespatients todyspigmentationand formationofkeloidandhypertrophicscarsafter injury.4,5These complications can result in surgeon consternation as well as patient distress, since evenly pigmented skin is often viewed as aesthetically pleasing by people of color.6 These risks limit the use of ablative therapies, such as laser resurfacing, dermabrasion, andmedium to deep chemical peels, in individuals withhigher Fitzpatrick skin types. Several studies havedocumented the safety of dermal fillers in addressing facial volume loss andbotulinumtoxin in the treatmentofdeep rhytids in patients of color.4,6 However, nonablative techniques to tighten and lift lax skin are preferred in these individuals to minimize the risk of complications. A variety of nonablative technologies have been developed that induce dermal collagen denaturation and contraction, resulting in skin tightening. These systems are growing in popularity yearly owing to decreased recovery time, increased safety, and cost effectiveness.2,4 They limit injury to thedermis and epidermis by coupling epidermal coolingwith electromagnetic radiation delivery (including pulsed dye, 532-nmpotassiumtitanylphosphate, intensepulsed light,Nd: YAG, anddiode and erbiumglass).4,5 Becausenoopenwound iscreatedwith thesesystems,adverseeffectsare limited toerythema and edema, while modest improvements in skin texture and rhytids are expected. Fractional thermolysis can producemore pronounced improvements intheappearanceofrhytidsbycreatingdiscretecolumns ofmicroscopic thermal injury to the epidermis and dermiswith laserswithout apparentwounding.5,7 Several studies havedocumented the safetyofnonablative therapies and fractional resurfacing in patients with Fitzpatrick skin types III to VI, with the caveat that the density and energy of the treatment correlate with postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.4,7 An increased risk of complications indeeply pigmented skin is recognizedwith fractional resurfacingandnonablative lightdelivery systems because dark skin absorbs electromagnetic energymuchmoreefficiently thanfair skin (upto40%morewhen fluenceandexposuredurationremainconstant), increasing the riskof thermal injury inhighlymelanizedskin.Moreover,melanin’swide absorption spectrum (250-1200nm) renders nearly all visible-light and near-infrared dermatologic lasers capable of inducing irreparable wounding in dark skin.5 Nonablative therapies that deliver thermal energy without the absorption of photons can be applied safely regardless of skin type, and thereforemay have lower adverse effect profiles and enhanced predictability. These devices deliver electrical energy through radiofrequency5 or deliver ultrasound energy.3Thecapacityofvisualizing the regionof interest toensure acoustic coupling before delivery of ultrasound energy is another advantage of microfocused ultrasound. The proven safety ofmicrofocused ultrasound in patientswith Fitzpatrick skin types III to VI adds another instrument to the armamentariumofnonablative facial rejuvenationforsurgeonswhotreat patientswith all skin types.3 Further studies are needed to determine the efficacy of this therapy in patients of color.

Micropunch Blepharopeeling of the Upper Eyelids: A Combination Approach for Periorbital Rejuvenation – A Pilot Study

Upper eyelid skin excess is commonly treated using a surgical excision that is then sutured, resulting in a linear scar. Deep chemical peeling of the upper eyelids using the Baker Gordon formula has been described as a nonsurgical alternative to tighten upper eyelid skin with the advantage of lessening periorbital rhytides, although prolonged healing and hypopigmentation are risks. The goal of this study was to show the benefits of a less-invasive approach to periorbital rejuvenation that combines 89% phenol peeling with small, nonlinear excisions that heal by secondary intention. Eight patients were chosen (mean age 59.6). All patients had thin to medium-thick skin, diffuse periorbital rhytides, and mild to moderate upper eyelid skin excess. Their eyelids were peeled using 89% phenol. Immediately after peeling, a scissor was used to make multiple small nonlinear excisions of upper eyelid skin that healed by secondary intention. Patients were satisfied with the results, and no complications or scarring occurred. Eighty-nine percent phenol peeling combined with multiple small upper eyelid skin excisions effectively tightens upper eyelid skin excess and lessens periorbital rhytides. The procedure has the advantage of not creating a linear scar and decreases the risk of prolonged healing and hypopigmentation, which is more likely with deeper peels.

An introduction to superficial, medium, deep and combination chemical peels

Chemical peels are popular, affordable and relatively safe procedures for use in medical aesthetic clinics and at home. However, in the twenty-first century, the term ‘chemical peel’ has as broad a scope as the term ‘transport’. For example, patients can travel by bicycle (superficial), car (medium) or helicopter (deep). To identify each type of peel, this article will review the most frequently used ingredients, including alpha hydroxy acids, beta hydroxy acids and phenol. The content of this article will also support aesthetic practitioners in choosing appropriate chemical peels for best clinical response.

Deep peeling using phenol versus percutaneous collagen induction combined with trichloroacetic acid 20% in atrophic post-acne scars; a randomized controlled trial

Background: Deep peeling using phenol and percutaneous collagen induction (PCI) are used in treating acne scars. Aim: To compare deep peeling using phenol and PCI combined with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) 20% in treating atrophic acne scars. Methods: 24 patients with post-acne atrophic scars were randomly divided into two groups; group 1 was subjected to one session of deep peeling using phenol, and group 2 was subjected to four sessions of PCI combined with TCA 20%. As a secondary outcome measure, side effects were recorded and patients were asked to assess their % of improvement by a questionnaire completed 8 months after the procedure. Results: Scar severity scores improved by a mean of 75.12% (p < 0.001) in group 1 and a mean of 69.43% (p < 0.001) in group 2. Comparing the degree of improvement in different types of scars, within the same group after treatment, revealed a significant highest degree of improvement in the rolling type (p = 0.005) in group 2. Conclusion: Deep peeling using phenol and PCI with TCA 20% were effective in treating post-acne atrophic scars.

Young-tree Performance of Juvenile Sweet Orange Scions on Swingle Citrumelo Rootstock

A worldwide search was conducted for sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] selections with higher yield and better juice quality than existing commercial cultivars used in Florida primarily by the processing industry. Seeds of nearly 100 selections were introduced, germinated, and used as a source of buds for propagation. The scion selections were divided among six trials established by propagating juvenile buds from ≈12-month-old scion seedlings onto Swingle citrumelo [C. paradisi Macf. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] rootstock plants already in place in the field. Comparison trees using buds from mature sources were produced in a commercial nursery. The trials consisted of four to five replications of one- or two-tree plots with trees planted 4.3 × 6.7 m within and between rows, respectively. The scions were early-maturing (fall to early winter), midseason (winter to early spring), and late-season (early spring to early summer) common orange, blood orange, and ‘Pera’ orange selections. Data collected routinely included seed counts, standard measurements of juice quality, and yield during an ≈13-year period of evaluation. All trees exhibited typical juvenile traits such as vigor and thorniness; however, flowering and first cropping were not substantially delayed. Many selections began fruiting within 3 years after planting, which is the common commercial experience among trees propagated with mature bud sources. Many selections were low-seeded with counts of less than 10/fruit. Mean cumulative yield (8 years) among the early- and midseason selections in the first-planted trial was 1390 kg/tree and ranged to a high of 1751 kg/tree; for the late-season types, the mean was 947 kg/tree with little variability among eight selections. The yields of the early- to late-season selections in the other trials were similar. The blood orange selections proved to be mostly midseason in maturity. They lacked the deep peel and flesh coloration of blood oranges grown in a Mediterranean-type climate, but some selections did develop an enhanced orange color of the juice and the different flavor typical of blood oranges. ‘Pera’ orange selections exhibited a bud union incompatibility and subsequent decline with Swingle citrumelo rootstock and also when another sweet orange was inserted as an interstock. Their mean cumulative yield over six seasons was 797 kg/tree with an ≈30% difference between the lowest and highest values. Juice soluble solids, acid, and color values were typical of ‘Pera’ fruit grown in Brazil. The overall collection of sweet oranges displayed considerable diversity in their traits despite their supposed origin as a monophyletic group. Several early-season selections were released for commercialization, including ‘Earlygold’ and ‘Itaborai’, because of their better juice color and flavor. ‘Vernia’, a midseason selection, was released because of its high juice quality in late winter–early spring and its cropping precocity.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF 'BELLEZZA', A NEW HYBRID OF MANDARIN

'Bellezza' is a hybrid of 'Okitsu' satsuma x 'Carvalhais' mandarin released in 1996 by the University of Catania (Italy). Fruit are large with a mass normally higher than 150 g, are oblate in shape, seedless in absence of cross-pollination and ripen in December. The overall aspects of 'Bellezza' mandarins are very attractive with deep orange peel colour and aromatic juicy flesh. Objective of this trial was: a) to compare the physico-chemical and nutritional characteristics of 'Bellezza' mandarins with the fruit of the parents; and b) to study their storability under retailing conditions for two weeks. Juice pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, ascorbic acid, total phenols, sucrose glucose, fructose, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were periodically monitored. The results indicate that 'Bellezza' mandarins ripen later than the parents and hold well on tree until the end of December. Titratable acidity was slightly higher than in parents as were sugars and ascorbic acid content. 'Bellezza' mandarins also had higher contents of total phenols, and narirutin and dydimin flavonids. In addition the fruit maintained well both visual and qualitative attributes over simulated retail. The positive characteristics of 'Bellezza' fruit (pleasant taste, attractiveness, high content of nutritional compounds) superior to the parents, make this new hybrid worth of introduction in commercial orchards.