Deep Learning Based Recommender Systems Research Articles

A Review of Applications of Deep Learning Techniques in Recommender Systems

Abstract. Nowadays, with tons of information brought by the development of the Internet, recommender systems are becoming more and more popular, and they are affecting many aspects of peoples daily lives. When people use the search engine, shop on e-commerce platforms or watch videos on video software, they are enjoying the content provided by recommender systems. Deep learning techniques also gained a rapid development recently due to their strengths in dealing with complex tasks. Deep learning techniques have triumphed in many areas. Also, there are more efforts contributed to the deep learning based recommender system. However, very few studies focused on giving a detailed review of deep -learning-based recommender system , and these reviews were usually conducted several years ago, which cannot reflect the latest research trends. Hence, the aim of this paper is to summary the deep learning techniques used in recommender systems. A classification scheme is given, and some possible future directions are pointed out.

A Comprehensive Survey on Deep Learning-based Recommender Systems for Market Analysis

A Comprehensive Survey on Deep Learning-based Recommender Systems for Market Analysis

Latest advances in deep learning-based recommender systems

Latest advances in deep learning-based recommender systems

Deep learning-based recommendation system for metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).

This work presents a recommendation system for metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) inspired by online content platforms. By leveraging the unsupervised Doc2Vec model trained on document-structured intrinsic MOF characteristics, the model embeds MOFs into a high-dimensional chemical space and suggests a pool of promising materials for specific applications based on user-endorsed MOFs with similarity analysis. This proposed approach significantly reduces the need for exhaustive labeling of every material in the database, focusing instead on a select fraction for in-depth investigation. Ranging from methane storage and carbon capture to quantum properties, this study illustrates the system's adaptability to various applications.

Contrastive Self-supervised Learning in Recommender Systems: A Survey

Deep learning-based recommender systems have achieved remarkable success in recent years. However, these methods usually heavily rely on labeled data (i.e., user-item interactions), suffering from problems such as data sparsity and cold-start. Self-supervised learning, an emerging paradigm that extracts information from unlabeled data, provides insights into addressing these problems. Specifically, contrastive self-supervised learning, due to its flexibility and promising performance, has attracted considerable interest and recently become a dominant branch in self-supervised learning-based recommendation methods. In this survey, we provide an up-to-date and comprehensive review of current contrastive self-supervised learning-based recommendation methods. Firstly, we propose a unified framework for these methods. We then introduce a taxonomy based on the key components of the framework, including view generation strategy, contrastive task, and contrastive objective. For each component, we provide detailed descriptions and discussions to guide the choice of the appropriate method. Finally, we outline open issues and promising directions for future research.

AAIN: Attentional aggregative interaction network for deep learning based recommender systems

Feature engineering is a classical problem in recommender systems, and feature interactions is one of the most important parts of feature engineering. Factorization based models are widely used for explicit feature interactions. However, most current works utilize separate features to model cross features. Such a pattern limits the significance of cross features, since realistic recommendation scenarios are rich in associations between features.In this paper, we classify the basic feature interactions into sum-interaction and product-interaction, and improve the current general strategy of explicit feature interactions. Based on these theoretical studies, we propose a novel explicit feature interactions model Attentional Aggregative Interaction Network (AAIN), which models higher-order features using a cyclic explicit module. Specifically, we introduce attention mechanism for the reorganization of separate features, followed by product-interaction and higher-order features’ compression and output. The model is efficient since: 1) AAIN automatically learns high-order feature interactions and filters them with different weights. 2) AAIN optimizes the interaction between features into the interaction between feature groups, which allows for other relevant information to be considered when performing interactions. Furthermore, we integrate AAIN model with the classical deep neural network (DNN) model into a new model Deep Attentional Aggregative Interaction Network (DAAIN). Experiments on real-world datasets show that our models achieve state-of-the-art results.

Review of Movie Recommender Systems Based on Deep Learning

With the development of the network, society has moved into the data era, and the amount of data is exploding, we need a tool to help users find corresponding data collections based on their interests, and recommender systems were born for this purpose. In the movie field, recommender systems suggest items that users may like, improving the efficiency of finding movies and optimizing the user experience thus driving the growth of the movie industry. Machine learning is a multi-disciplinary science that focuses on how to improve the performance of algorithms by continuously reorganizing existing knowledge structures in a way that mimics human learning. Deep learning is a research direction in the field of machine learning that has achieved results in many areas that far surpass previous related techniques. In order to better provide personalized services to users and improve the accuracy of the system’s recommendations, it is necessary to integrate deep learning techniques into the recommender system to optimize the system’s performance. In this paper, we review different approaches in deep learning based recommender systems.

Evolution of Deep Learning-Based Sequential Recommender Systems: From Current Trends to New Perspectives

The recommender system which gets higher in practical use in applying the Apriori algorithm in the early 2000s has revolutionized our daily life as it currently is widely used by big-tech platform companies. In the early stages of the development of recommender systems, services that can be provided to users were simply derived to the extent that only related products were recommended. However, the new research wave like deep learning-based recommender systems due to the development of information technology and the complexity of users’ online behavior extensively grabs researchers’ and academia’s attention in the field of recommender systems. This paper describes the algorithms and characteristics of the recent popular deep learning-based representative models such as recurrent neural networks (RNNs), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), generative adversarial networks (GANs), and graph neural networks (GNNs) in the view of the sequential recommendation. The sequential recommendation of understanding user preferences in chronological order is useful for analyzing user-item interaction more accurately and flexibly. Therefore, the models specialized in sequential recommendation take advantage of understanding user behavior through temporal factors and improving recommendation quality by easily realizing the correlation between user and items. Also, the transformer-based model was developed to improve the problem of long-term dependency between users and items through factors, such as points, lines, and nodes, experienced in the early models of RNN and CNN and self-supervised learning (SSL)-based models, which are originally purposed to solve the data sparsity issues of recommender systems, will be discussed in this paper.

State-of-the-Art Survey on Deep Learning-Based Recommender Systems for E-Learning

Recommender systems (RSs) are increasingly recognized as intelligent software for predicting users’ opinions on specific items. Various RSs have been developed in different domains, such as e-commerce, e-government, e-resource services, e-business, e-library, e-tourism, and e-learning, to make excellent user recommendations. In e-learning technology, RSs are designed to support and improve the learning practices of a student or an organization. This survey aims to examine the different works of literature on RSs that corroborate e-learning and classify and provide statistics of the reviewed articles based on their recommendation goals, recommendation techniques used, the target user, and the application platforms. The survey makes a prominent contribution to the e-learning RSs field by providing an overview of current research and traditional and nontraditional recommendation techniques to provide different recommendations for future e-learning. One of the most significant findings to emerge from this survey is that a substantial number of works followed either deep learning or context-aware recommendation techniques, which are considered more efficient than any traditional methods. Finally, we provided comprehensive observations from the quantitative assessment of publications, which can guide and support researchers in understanding the current development for potential future trends and the direction of deep learning-based RSs in e-learning.

Deep transfer learning with multimodal embedding to tackle cold-start and sparsity issues in recommendation system.

Recommender systems (RSs) have become increasingly vital in the modern information era and connected economy. They play a key role in business operations by generating personalized suggestions and minimizing information overload. However, the performance of traditional RSs is limited by data sparseness and cold-start issues. Though deep learning-based recommender systems (DLRSs) are very popular, they underperform when considering rating matrices with sparse entries. Despite their performance improvements, DLRSs also suffer from data sparsity, cold start, serendipity, and generalizability issues. We propose a multistage model that uses multimodal data embedding and deep transfer learning for effective and personalized product recommendations, and is designed to overcome data sparsity and cold-start issues. The proposed model includes two phases. In the first—offline—phase, a deep learning technique is implemented to learn hidden features from a large image dataset (targeting new item cold start), and a multimodal data embedding is used to produce dense user feature and item feature vectors (targeting user cold start). This phase produces three different similarity matrices that are used as inputs for the second—online—phase to generate a list of top-n relevant items for a target user. We analyzed the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model against the existing baseline RSs using a Brazilian E-commerce dataset. The results show that our model scored 0.5882 for MAE and 0.4011 for RMSE which is lower than baseline RSs which indicates that the model achieved an improved accuracy and was able to minimize the typical cold start and data sparseness issues during the recommendation process.

A novel deep learning-based recommender system for Arabic content

In the era of big data, recommender systems (RSs) have become growing essential tools. They represent important machine learning solutions that mainly contribute to keeping users engaged with personalized content in e-platforms. Several RSs have been proposed in the literature, and most of them have focused on English content. However, for content in other languages like Arabic, very restricted works have been done to develop RSs. In recent times, the Arabic content on the Web has increased significantly because of the growing number of Arabic web users. This highlights the need for building RSs for Arabic content. To better handle this challenge, we decided to provide the research community with a novel deep learning (DL)-based RS devoted to Arabic content. The main goal of the proposed RS is to predict user preferences from textual reviews written in the Arabic language. This is achieved by combining two independent DL techniques into one system: a convolutional neural network (CNN)-text processor for representing users and items; and a neural network, in particular, a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) to estimate interactions between user-item pairs. Extensive experiments on four large-scale Arabic datasets demonstrate that our proposed system can achieve better prediction accuracy than other state-of-the-art alternatives. Notably, it improves the MSE between 0.84% and 16.96%, and the MAE between 0.14% and 13.71%. This work is the first attempt designed to deal with a large volume of data in the Arabic context, opening up new research possibilities for future developments of Arabic RSs.

A review of deep learning-based recommender system in e-learning environments

A review of deep learning-based recommender system in e-learning environments

Deep learning based recommender system using cross convolutional filters

With the recent development of online transactions, recommender systems have increasingly attracted attention in various domains. The recommender system supports the users’ decision making by recommending items that are more likely to be preferred. Many studies in the field of deep learning-based recommender systems have attempted to capture the complex interactions between users’ and items’ features for accurate recommendation. In this paper, we propose a recommender system based on the convolutional neural network using the outer product matrix of features and cross convolutional filters. The proposed method can deal with the various types of features and capture the meaningful higher-order interactions between users and items, giving greater weight to important features. Moreover, it can alleviate the overfitting problem since the proposed method includes the global average or max pooling instead of the fully connected layers in the structure. Experiments showed that the proposed method performs better than the existing methods, by capturing important interactions and alleviating the overfitting issue.

Deep learning and Internet of Things for tourist attraction recommendations in smart cities

We propose a tourist attraction IoT-enabled deep learning-based recommendation system to enhance tourist experience in a smart city. Travelers will enter details about their travels (traveling alone or with a companion, type of companion such as partner or family with kids, traveling for business or leisure, etc.) as well as user side information (age of the traveler/s, hobbies, etc.) into the smart city app/website. Our proposed deep learning-based recommendation system will process this personal set of input features to recommend the tourist activities/attractions that best fit his/her profile. Furthermore, when the tourists are in the smart city, content-based information (already visited attractions) and context-related information (location, weather, time of day, etc.) are obtained in real time using IoT devices; this information will allow our proposed deep learning-based tourist attraction recommendation system to suggest additional activities and/or attractions in real time. Our proposed multi-label deep learning classifier outperforms other models (decision tree, extra tree, k-nearest neighbor and random forest) and can successfully recommend tourist attractions for the first case [(a) searching for and planning activities before traveling] with the loss, accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score of 0.5%, 99.7%, 99.9%, 99.9% and 99.8%, respectively. It can also successfully recommend tourist attractions for the second case [(b) looking for activities within the smart city] with the loss, accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score of 3.7%, 99.5%, 99.8%, 99.7% and 99.8%, respectively.

A Two-Phase Deep Learning-Based Recommender System: Enhanced by a Data Quality Inspector

Research regarding collaborative filtering recommenders has grown fast lately. However, little attention has been paid to discuss how the input data quality impacts the result. Indeed, some review-rating pairs that a user gave to an item are inconsistent and express a different opinion, making the recommendation result biased. To solve the above drawback, this study proposes a two-phase deep learning-based recommender system. Firstly, a sentiment predictor of textual reviews is created, serving as the quality inspector that cleans and improves the input for a recommender. To build accurate predictors, this phase tries and compares a set of deep learning-based algorithms. Secondly, besides only exploiting the consistent review-rating pairs generated by the quality inspector, this phase builds deep learning-based recommender engines. The experiments on a real-world dataset showed the proposed data quality inspector, based on textual reviews, improves the overall performance of recommenders. On average, applying deep learning-based quality inspectors result in an above 6% improvement in RMSE, and more than a 2% boost in F1 score, and accuracy. This is robust evidence to prove the importance of the input data cleaning process in this field. Moreover, empirical evidence indicates the deep learning approach is suitable for modeling the sentiment predictor, and the core recommendation process, clearly outperforming the traditional machine learning methods.

Customer Satisfaction of Recommender System: Examining Accuracy and Diversity in Several Types of Recommendation Approaches

Information technology and the popularity of mobile devices allow for various types of customer data, such as purchase history and behavior patterns, to be collected. As customer data accumulate, the demand for recommender systems that provide customized services to customers is growing. Global e-commerce companies offer recommender systems to gain a sustainable competitive advantage. Research on recommender systems has consistently suggested that customer satisfaction will be highest when the recommendation algorithm is accurate and recommends a diversity of items. However, few studies have investigated the impact of accuracy and diversity on customer satisfaction. In this research, we seek to identify the factors determining customer satisfaction when using the recommender system. To this end, we develop several recommender systems and measure their ability to deliver accurate and diverse recommendations and their ability to generate customer satisfaction with diverse data sets. The results show that accuracy and diversity positively affect customer satisfaction when applying a deep learning-based recommender system. By contrast, only accuracy positively affects customer satisfaction when applying traditional recommender systems. These results imply that developers or managers of recommender systems need to identify factors that further improve customer satisfaction with the recommender system and promote the sustainable development of e-commerce.

Sequential Recommendations on GitHub Repository

The software development platform is an increasingly expanding industry. It is growing steadily due to the active research and sharing of artificial intelligence and deep learning. Further, predicting users’ propensity in this huge community and recommending a new repository is beneficial for researchers and users. Despite this, only a few researches have been done on the recommendation system of such platforms. In this study, we propose a method to model extensive user data of an online community with a deep learning-based recommendation system. This study shows that a new repository can be effectively recommended based on the accumulated big data from the user. Moreover, this study is the first study of the sequential recommendation system that provides a new dataset of a software development platform, which is as large as the prevailing datasets. The experiments show that the proposed dataset can be practiced in various recommendation tasks.

A survey of recommendation systems based on deep learning

Faced with massive amounts of data, people may not be able to choose the items they like. The recommendation system came into being, and it has achieved a breakthrough for a long time. Using deep learning can mine the hidden attributes of users' items and integrate them well, bringing new changes to the recommendation system. This article describes the deep learning-based recommendation system and the traditional recommendation system, and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages.

Making recommendations using transfer learning

Deep learning-based recommender systems have gained much attention due to the advantage of encoding content-based information, such as user textual reviews and item descriptions, images, or videos, without the trouble of manually crafting feature vectors. However, those systems are trained from scratch with randomly initialized parameters, where the training process can take a long time to converge. With the most recent breakthroughs in Natural Language Processing using transfer learning, pre-trained transformer-based models now provide a better foundation for textual information encoding. This inspires us to propose a transformer-based recommender system using transfer learning. As the first core contribution in this work, we apply transfer learning to the system, by fine-tuning the pre-trained transformer models for information encoding. The experiment result shows that the proposed system outperforms several other deep learning-based recommender systems on multiple datasets. As the second core contribution, we propose a novel user vector encoding algorithm that assists all the models to achieve a better performance, when the user content information is not available.

Cross Domain Recommendation Systems using Deep Learning: A Systematic Literature Review

Recommender Systems play an inevitable role nowadays as in every field, there are plethora of choices to consider. With the advent of more and more Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning practices, recommender systems are rising as a blooming area with vast horizon. Cross Domain Recommender Systems are a way to learn user’s interests and choices from source domain(s), transfer the learnt features to a target domain from which recommendations are to be made. Cross Domain Recommender Systems not only make effective recommendations, but also solve Cold Start and Data Sparsity problems. Deep learning based recommender systems are able to make recommendations from large datasets and are in trend. The presented work fulfils the need of a systematic survey of all the Cross Domain Recommender System implemented using Deep Learning Techniques. After excluding all the papers based on only Cross Domain Recommender Systems (without Deep Learning), Deep Recommender Systems (working within one domain only) and all other classical Recommender Systems from the research papers available over all the quality sources from the web, 42 papers were shortlisted and studied for the techniques being used, domains and datasets on which CDRS using Deep Learning have been implemented, research issues and the evaluation parameters on which Deep Learning based CDRS can be verified.