Deep Knowledge Research Articles

AUDIT DOCUMENTATION – AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN FINANCIAL AUDIT MISSION

According to the latest updates of the International Standards on Auditing, the audit documentation represents the record of applied audit procedures, of the sufficient and appropriate obtained audit evidence and of the conclusions reached by the auditor. There is currently an increased interest in studying the documentation approach of the entire audit universe. In this context, the importance of the given paper lies in the need for continuous examination of the documentation related to the audit process as a whole. The research is based on the qualitative research method, which allowed the review of a series of important research on audit documentation and the study of related national and international regulations. The study reveals some of the determining factors of the quality of financial audit missions, which reside in the deep knowledge and correct operation of the regulations applicable to the audit documentation, including all the amendments made and the correctness of its preparation. Also, when preparing the audit documentation, the particularities of the performed audit stage, the specifics of the audited client, the nature and context of the applied procedures must be taken into account.

Results of the study of the attitude оf medical workers towards their health

The life expectancy of health workers is worse than average, as they spend little time on maintaining their own health. Health workers should be encouraged to lead a healthy lifestyle constantly and everywhere; they should be an example of healthpreserving behavior. Target. To study the attitude of health workers to their health and their compliance with healthy lifestyle rules. Results. The attitude of health workers to their health was analyzed, and the reasons preventing specialists from maintaining their health were identified. Conclusion. Considering that health workers are people who, by virtue of their profession, have the deepest knowledge about maintaining health and the occurrence of diseases, they should not only bring people knowledge about a healthy lifestyle, but also be an example for them.

МАТЕМАТИКА ПРЕДМЕТИН ТАБИГЫЙ ИЛИМДЕР ПРЕДМЕТТЕРИ МЕНЕН ИНТЕГРАЦИЯЛАП ОКУТУУНУН ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫК ТЕХНОЛОГИЯЛАРЫ

The article highlights the positive aspects of integrated teaching of mathematics with other subjects. Because of evolution of society and technology should be happen changes, progress in education. At the present time, acquiring knowledge about the real reality is acquiring special relevance not through separate training, but through integrated training. Integrated learning is a necessary method that meets modern requirements. In an integrated lesson, students are able to obtain deep and versatile knowledge using information from a variety of subject areas. In this case, the student's knowledge becomes complete, and the concepts of reality are integral.

Lattice excitations in NdFeO3 through polarized optical spectroscopies

The possibility of inducing new polar and/or magnetic transient states through the pumping of optical phonons towards the non-linear regime has renewed the scientific interest in orthoferrites. Nonetheless, to perform these studies it is fundamental to have a deep knowledge of the lattice excitations at equilibrium conditions. In this work, we present a complete characterization of the optically-active zone-center phonons in NdFeO3 single crystals at room temperature by means of polarized Raman and infrared spectroscopies. The study is complemented with polarized infrared spectroscopy at 4 K and unpolarized Raman scattering at 10 K. The predicted polar phonons were successfully observed together with some of the crystal-field excitations. First-principles simulations further allow the eigenmode and symmetry assignments of the optical phonons. The calculated atomic motions of each mode are of significant interest, as they are common for all orthoferrites and to most of the large family of orthorhombic Pbnm perovskites.

An accessory head of the extensor indicis: a rare case report.

A deep knowledge of the variations of the posterior forearm musculature is crucial for assessing and diagnosing conditions in this region. Extensor indicis (EI) is one of the muscles in this region, which exhibits diverse anatomical variations. This report documents an extremely unusual form of the EI with an accessory head on the dorsum of the hand. During routine dissection, an extremely rare presentation of the EI was found in the left forearm of a 94-year-old female cadaver. This unusual EI consisted of two muscle bellies. The traditional belly originated from the distal two-thirds of the ulna. The muscle became tendinous around the carpal area, distal to the extensor retinaculum. The tendon was subsequently joined by an accessory muscle belly originating from the distal radioulnar ligament. The EI tendon inserted onto the dorsal expansion of the index finger, ulnar to that of the extensor digitorum. The posterior interosseous nerve innervated the muscle. Herein, we report an extremely rare form of the EI. To our knowledge, EI with an accessory head has only been reported rarely over the past 200 years. Moreover, our report appears to be the first case with photographic details of this anatomical variation. Clinicians should be aware of this variation for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Congenital hepatoblastoma: Expanding knowledge, improving outcomes.

Hepatoblastoma (HB) is a rare liver tumour, and its congenital counterpart (CHB) is even less frequent. CHB has a clinically challenging management and a generally perceived worse outcome. This study aims to review the literature on CHB to better define presentation, diagnosis, available treatments and management options. The analysis of outcomes suggests that a significant portion of mortality is unrelated to the malignant nature of the tumour. Key factors influencing overall outcomes were identified: mortality linked to the 'mass effect' during both the prenatal (22%) and perinatal (32%) stages, as well as 'oncological' mortality encompassing tumour and/or treatment-related factors (46%). Overall, after birth, CHB does not seem to confer a worse oncological prognosis per se, and should be managed similarly to older children, if patients are stable enough to undergo proper staging and treatment. A deeper knowledge and better outcomes would come from a large, homogeneous, collection of data possibly allowing a global protocol, focusing on a comprehensive management of CHB.

Statistical significance, clinical importance and effect sizes: Enhancing understanding of a study's results.

The proper interpretation of a study's results requires both excellent understanding of good methodological practices and deep knowledge of prior results, aided by the availability of effect sizes. This review takes the form of an expository essay exploring the complex and nuanced relationships among statistical significance, clinical importance, and effect sizes. Careful attention to study design and methodology will increase the likelihood of obtaining statistical significance and may enhance the ability of investigators/readers to accurately interpret results. Measures of effect size show how well the variables used in a study account for/explain the variability in the data. Studies reporting strong effects may have greater practical value/utility than studies reporting weak effects. Effect sizes need to be interpreted in context. Verbal summary characterizations of effect sizes (e.g., "weak", "strong") are fundamentally flawed and can lead to inappropriate characterization of results. Common language effect size (CLES) indicators are a relatively new approach to effect sizes that may offer a more accessible interpretation of results that can benefit providers, patients, and the public at large. It is important to convey research findings in ways that are clear to both the research community and to the public. At a minimum, this requires inclusion of standard effect size data in research reports. Proper selection of measures and careful design of studies are foundational to the interpretation of a study's results. The ability to draw useful conclusions from a study is increased when investigators enhance the methodological quality of their work.

Transdisciplinary understanding of the fundamental and practice-oriented nature of pedagogical education

Relevance. Increasing of fundamentality and practice-oriented nature are two important strategies for development of pedagogical education at the present stage. Fundamentalization ensures the formation of deep basic knowledge system, defines a holistic scientific picture of the human world. Practice orientation is revealed through a prism of gaining experience in the course of various activities, the willingness of a person to productively increase and use his or her knowledge and methods of activity to solve problems arising in the reality, orientation towards continuous self-education and self-development. The aim of the article is scientific substantiation of transdisciplinarity as a strategy for bringing together the fundamentality and practice-oriented pedagogical education at the present stage. Methodology and methods. The methodological basis of transdisciplinarity is based on the ideas of a synergetic approach. The ideas of the praxiological approach are used in determining the essential characteristics of pedagogical actions success in terms of improving the quality of professional training for teachers. The professional training of future teachers to solve comprehensively set real tasks based on the formed knowledge system and acquired experience is focused on the concept of an activity-based approach. The results of the study. The results are presented by the scientific substantiation of the integration of the fundamentality and practice-oriented training for future teachers on the basis of a transdisciplinary strategy, the definition of conditions for the formation of transdisciplinary thinking among teachers, the development of practical skills and skills for solving complex problems through the prism of diverse knowledge and methods of activity: the inclusion of teachers in project, research, experimental activities, the organization of continuing education, strengthening the nonlinearity of the development in the educational system and ensuring disciplinary flexibility, reflexive understanding of the results for activities based on the consideration of praxiological knowledge to ensure the success of pedagogical actions. Conclusion. A teacher can carry out labor pedagogical actions effectively, efficiently, technologically and safely using the pedagogical education based on a transdisciplinary basis, in close interaction of deep fundamental knowledge acquired through direct practice of skills and experience, as well as using praxiological knowledge based on an understanding of the general theory of successful activity. The presented results can be used in the development of educational programmes for pedagogical bachelor’s degree and programmes of additional professional education based on the capabilities of the digital learning environment.

Deep Learning-Based Analysis of Emotional and Content Relevance Between Bullet Screens and Subtitles as Movie Narrative Medium

This study borrows elements of film text in the field of film studies to develop the potential of data analysis using AI algorithms, while aiming to explore the emotional and content relevances between the two narrative mediums in film, bullet screens and subtitles, as well as the narrative effect variations that they bring about. The film sample Forever Young was analyzed by deep learning, data analysis, and knowledge discovery algorithms and tools. The BERT model was used to quantify the intensity of emotions and conduct fine-grained emotional classification of film characters. Emotion curves are plotted based on time series data. Thematic words are extracted by the LDA algorithm, and text similarity is computed using Word2Vec. The study found differences in emotional expression between bullet screens and subtitles, and they also exhibit strong emotional and content relevances. Yet, this correlation is not only influenced by temporal deviation factors but also by specific emotional types, different stages of story development, and the collective emotions of online views. The conclusion suggests that the effective collection of plot metronomes in film narratives helps reveal crucial plot nodes and emotional trends in films that cause obvious emotional changes, and placing them appropriately is fundamental for continuously attracting and retaining viewers’ attention. The interaction between bullet comments and subtitles is not only about emotional expression but also enhances the effectiveness of the film narrative. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of database logic and technology in understanding and expressing film emotions and meanings, and providing new ideas and methods for enhancing film narrative effectiveness.

Analysis of the Current Status and Influencing Factors of Deep Vein Thrombosis Knowledge and Prevention Practices among Orthopedic Nurses in Western Guangxi

Objective: To investigate the current status of deep vein thrombosis knowledge and prevention practice of orthopedic nurses in western Guangxi, and to analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide reference strategies and empirical evidence for the training and VTE management of nurses in the future. Methods: From July to August 2023, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 250 orthopedic nurses in western Guangxi using the Chinese version of the deep vein thrombosis risk knowledge and prevention practice evaluation questionnaire. Results: A total of 250 nurses were surveyed, and the total score of DVT knowledge and prevention practice was (92.31±6.33), which was at a medium level overall. The score of deep vein thrombosis knowledge was (28.96±2.17), which was at a good level, and the score of prevention practice was (63.35±4.76), which was at a medium level. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that nursing years, years of work in the current department, nurse professional title and grade, and whether or not they had received VTE specialist training were influencing factors for the knowledge dimension of deep vein thrombosis; nurse professional title, nurse grade, and whether or not they had received VTE specialist training were influencing factors for the practice dimension of deep vein thrombosis prevention. Conclusion: The total scores of DVT knowledge and prevention practice of orthopedic nurses in western Guangxi were at a medium level overall, with a good grasp of the DVT knowledge dimension score, and the prevention practice part needed to be improved. It is recommended that nursing managers pay attention to the nurses' knowledge of DVT, attach importance to the knowledge training of nurses with low seniority and low professional titles, provide more opportunities for learning and communication, and combine the training content with clinical work to ensure that nurses can apply theoretical knowledge to actual nursing work.

Absattar Haji Derbisali and the Importance of His Works for the Development of Islamic Studies in Kazakhstan

Religion is an essential element in the existence of society and the culture of the people. It embodies universal human values and principles for the realisation of public relations. From the beginning of Kazakhstan’s independence to the present day, the issue of the spread of different religions in Kazakhstan, including Islam, remains relevant. The research aims to study the activity and creativity of Absattar Haji Derbisali in the context of the development of Islamic studies in Kazakh society. General scientific methods, the method of analysis and synthesis, as well as special historical methods: ideographic, historical-genetic, problem-chronological and comparative-historical, were used. As a result, it was possible to describe the main stages in the biography of the scholar Absattar Haji Derbisali. The significance of his works and achievements in the field of Islamic studies and its dissemination in Kazakhstan were described. The study established that it was Absattar Haji Derbisali who was the founder of the Kazakh School of Arabic Studies. This indicates that the spread of Islam in the territory of Kazakhstan took place based on the approaches and methods of this scholar. It has been established that Islamology was little explored and did not develop in Kazakh society. Based on this it was proved that the role of Absattar Haji Derbisali in the development of Islamic studies was extremely high, which had a positive impact on the development of the independent state. It has been established that his approaches to the management and organization of society are a priority since they provide for the interests of various religious cells. The practical value of the study lies in the fact that its results can be used in the development of training programmes for Islamic studies or in the deepening of knowledge about the peculiarities of the development of Islam in the culture of Kazakhstan.

Implementation Of Transparency and Accountability in Barangay Sta. Rita & San Nicolas Minalin, Pampanga

The research conducted in Barangay Sta. Rita and San Nicolas, Minalin, Pampanga, aimed to investigate the implementation of transparency and accountability among barangay officials. The study found a majority of female respondents, indicating a positive trend towards gender diversity in leadership roles. Furthermore, respondents in the 36-40 age group were most prevalent, suggesting active engagement from individuals with valuable experience. Marriage was common among respondents, reflecting the importance of familial support in leadership roles. High school graduates comprised the majority, highlighting the significance of practical knowledge in governance. Regarding tenure, a substantial number of respondents had served for 13-20 years, indicating deep community knowledge among experienced officials. In terms of transparency and accountability, the research uncovered commendable practices. Barangay officials demonstrated efficiency in budget management, public service delivery, local legislation, elections, infrastructure development, community engagement, conflict resolution, and resource management. The weighted means for each domain ranged from 3.73 to 4.10, indicating highly implemented practices across various governance aspects. These findings underscore the success of barangay officials in upholding high standards of transparency and accountability, serving as a model for effective local governance. The research suggests the importance of investing in professional development for officials, promoting gender and age diversity, and enhancing community engagement to sustain these positive practices. Ultimately, the implications extend beyond Barangay Sta. Rita and San Nicolas, highlighting the potential for positive change in local governance structures to improve community well-being.

Corporate Social Responsibility in the Formal Strategic Planning of South African Listed Companies

Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This study investigates the relationship between formal strategic planning and corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the South African context, considering JSE-listed companies. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study employed multiple-scale items with a five-point Likert scale to measure CSR and formal strategic planning. A chi-square test was performed to test the significance of the relationship between the variables. Research findings: The analysis of all South African listed companies (i.e., JSE-listed companies) revealed that formal strategic planning is significantly associated with CSR, suggesting that CSR concerns are addressed during the formal strategic planning process. Theoretical contribution/Originality: The respondents are only limited to JSE-listed companies and the findings are related to the links only between formal strategic planning and CSR. Practitioner/Policy implication: The JSE is the largest stock exchange in Africa. Thus, it is becoming increasingly important for them to maintain their corporate reputation with stakeholders. Accordingly, addressing stakeholders’ demand for CSR through the formal strategic planning process would benefit the organisation is vital. Originality/Value: This study contributes a deep intuitive knowledge of companies’ perceptions of CSR demonstrations by considering formal strategic planning in the South African context.

Reinhold's "letters on kantian philosophy": their significance for Kant and german philosophy

The article is devoted primarily to the analysis of Reinhold’s Letters on Kantian Philosophy, published in the “Der Teutsche Merkur” (German Mercury) 1786-1787. The purpose of this analysis is to reveal the peculiarities of Reinhold’s interpretation of Kant’s philosophy, as well as the possibility of the influence of these letters on Kant's practical philosophy and the further development of German idealism in general. To more clearly define Reinhold's own position, the article turns to Reinhold's early works, written before Letters, as well as to the 1790 and 1923 editions of the Letters. Particular respect is given to three topics that are closely related to each other: “Why did Reinhold’s Letters bring fame to Kant?”, “To what extent was Reinhold an independent philosopher?” і “What kind of infusion did his Letters make into the development of Kant’s philosophy and German idealism?” The article proves that before 1786, Reinhold had, in general terms, formed a program for the reform of philosophy, which was critical in its nature and had a clearly expressed practical focus. However, Reinhold's criticism was closer to the criticism of the eclectics and Leibniz than of Kant: it was aimed at overcoming the limitations of the original points of view and assumed a deep knowledge of the history of philosophy. The main reason for the popularity of Reinhold’s Letters lies in his idea of the “scientific revolution” in Germany, which should have become an alternative to social revolutions in other countries of Europe. Formed in “pre-revolutionary” articles, this idea received its justification in the second edition of the Letters. It was the nationalist idea of transforming the Germans into a “nation of scientists”, that became the reason for the rise of national consciousness in Germany and attracted “thinking youth” to it Reinhold's program for the reform of all philosophical sciences from a generally valid point of view gave impetus and largely determined the further development of German classical philosophy: not only Fichte, but also Schelling and Hegel relied primarily on his program. The first edition of his Letters largely determined the main themes of the Critique of Practical Reason, and the second - the Metaphysics of Morals. The second edition inspired Kant to develop a system of criticism and the basic ideas of Kant’s philosophy of law.

Thyroid cancer and pregnancy: a systematic ten-year-review.

Thyroid cancer is the second most common malignancy during pregnancy, especially the well-differentiated thyroid cancer (well-DTC). Therefore, complex medical and social dilemmas arise, dealing with which requires deep knowledge of the nature and characteristics of the disease and pregnancy as a whole. The purpose of this review is to present the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of thyroid cancer during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Extended review of the literature [2011-2023] was performed. Two hundred ninety-six articles were found, from which 225 were excluded due to irrelevant subjects. Seventy-one articles were assessed for eligibility, from which 33 articles were cohort studies and case reports and were included in the review. From the 33 included studies, 18 were retrospective cohort studies, 1 was cohort study, 2 were case control studies, 1 was meta-analysis and 11 were case reports. The primary endpoints of these studies refer to the progression and recurrence of DTC during pregnancy, the prevalence of thyroid cancer in pregnancy and the most appropriate time for surgical intervention. The majority of the studies agree that well-differentiated tumors with mild clinical and imaging characteristics do not require immediate surgical treatment, but mere monitoring. Surgery can be delayed after childbirth. In contrast, tumors with aggressive behavior as well as non-differentiated ones, require immediate surgery because delay under these circumstances can dramatically reduce survival rates. Finally, a history of thyroid cancer does not seem to affect future deliveries, on condition that no residual disease exists at the onset of pregnancy.

LEGAL-COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN MODERN DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

The purpose of the study. Within the framework of the study the task was set to study and analyze domestic and foreign scientific research devoted to the communicative competence of a lawyer in order to identify the features and elements of this category, as well as to determine the ways of its formation and development. The conclusions of the study. In general, under the legal-communicative competence most researchers understand a systemic education characterized by the presence of communicative knowledge, skills and abilities necessary in legal practice. Communicative competence includes the following knowledge, skills and abilities: deep knowledge of the legal profession and mastery of the terminology of the professional sphere; ability to perceive, analyze and use legal information in relation to a particular situation; knowledge of the rules of etiquette and the ability to use them in professional communication; mastery of speech, which covers professional legal concepts and categories, containing speech and communication skills. It is noted that modern means of formation of communicative competence should be focused on all structural elements, as their interrelation with communicative experience is a personal-communicative education contributing to the achievement of social demands.

TEACHER’S SELF-EDUCATION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW: FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF A HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION

The article examines the problem of the teacher’s professional growth due to continuous self- education and personal development in the conditions of martial law. The aim of the article is to outline the pathways of self-educational activities for teachers and the approaches to enhancing the professional level of educators, implemented at Alfred Nobel University under martial law conditions. In the course of the research, methods of analogy, retrospective and semantic analysis, SWOT analysis, generalization, and specification of scientific principles and the regulatory framework related to teacher self-education were employed. A SWOT analysis of interpretations of the concept of “self-education” was conducted, and it was found that self-education is a necessary component of professional activity which is determined by social order and is a factor in the personal and professional growth of a specialist. Emphasis is placed on self-education of the teacher as the leading form of improvement of pedagogical skill and professional competence, which consists in assimilation, renewal, dissemination and deepening of knowledge, generalization of experience through purposeful, systematic self-education activities aimed at self-development and self-improvement of the individual, satisfaction of personal interests and objective needs of the educational institution. It was found that the conditions of the martial law in Ukraine and changes in educational orientations made corrections both in the content of teachers’ self-education and in the forms and types of their self-education activities. Some approaches to raising the professional level of a teacher, which were implemented at Alfred Nobel University under martial law conditions, namely acquiring competencies to preserve and restore mental health, providing psychological support to participants in the educational process, improving information competence, implementing effective ways to improve the quality of education in online learning, and mastering new learning/teaching methods, are considered. The content of the developed and implemented comprehensive program of care for human mental health, including a marathon of online meetings with domestic specialists and lecturers from European countries, aimed at mastering the competencies to ensure one’s own psychological health and improve the psycho-emotional state of higher education students in wartime conditions, is disclosed. The expediency of particular directions of development has been substantiated including teachers’ mastering various software, the ability to work on various educational platforms, and the use of interactive applications; cooperation and interaction with domestic and foreign higher education institutions in order to gain experience for the further implementation of the best European practices in the educational process; internships, participation in international projects, thanks to which teachers found and implemented effective ways to improve the quality of education in online learning, and mastered new methods of learning/ teaching. The feasibility of implementing special measures to support the self-educational activities of teachers under martial law conditions has been confirmed, with a focus on the targeted development of key professional competencies related to continuous professional self-development. The conclusions emphasise the need for purposeful self-education of the teacher, thanks to which a new invaluable experience of providing quality education in wartime conditions is formed.

MOTIVATIONAL ASPECTS OF THE MECCAN AND MEDINA AYATS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

In this article, the motivational aspects of the Ayats of the Qur’an were studied: Meccan and Medina. The changes and peculiarities of the motivation of the Ayats of the Qur’an during the early Muslim society were analyzed.In the study, all efforts will be directed at finding answers to the main three questions: a description of the main features of the Meccan surahs in the Qur’an, which give spiritual support to early Muslims and inspire the Prophet Muhammad; a comparison of how the characteristics of motivation changed over time; an analysis of the motivational methods of the Qur’an in the period of early Muslims. The historical and comparative study was conducted using the hermeneutical method. In the course of the study, it can be noted that the motivational direction and method of the Qur’an in the above periods changed with the emergence of changes in social, religious, and political relations. Despite the differences in the motivational directions of the Ayats of these two periods, there were also similar sides.The authors of the article highlight the importance of studying the issues that can currently serve as a crucial basis for Muslim society, in a deep knowledge of the significance of the Qur’an in society and an understanding of religious phenomena.

Mitigating sub-synchronous oscillation using intelligent damping control of DFIG based on improved TD3 algorithm with knowledge fusion

The occurrence of sub-synchronous oscillation (SSO) phenomenon in doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs)-based wind turbines threatens the secure and stable operation of the power grid. Conventional sub-synchronous damping controllers encounter challenges in adapting to the dynamic operating conditions of power systems. This paper introduces an Intelligent Sub-Synchronous Damping Controller (I-SSDC) for DFIGs that integrates deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and knowledge to address the limitations of conventional methods for SSO mitigation. The initial step involves formulating a framework for I-SSDC using the improved twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) algorithm incorporating Softmax. Following this, a surrogate model is constructed, employing Weighted Linear Regression and regularization. This model is designed to identify the predominant influencing factors of SSO, focusing on the selection of the output signal (installation position) to optimize decision-making in I-SSDC. The objective is to enhance the controller’s environmental adaptability and interpretability. Moreover, knowledge and experience related to SSOs are integrated into agent training to improve the exploration efficiency of the agent. Case studies under various operating conditions of the test power system validate the efficacy of the proposed I-SSDC in suppressing SSOs.

Behaviour of Freelance Tour Guides in Promoting Ijen Crater Packages to French Tourists

This study aims to identify the behavior of French-speaking freelance tour guides in promoting tour packages to Ijen Crater, Banyuwangi, and measure the effectiveness of the digital marketing strategies used. The research methodology employs a descriptive qualitative approach with primary data sources consisting of in-depth interviews with 5 freelance tour guides and 5 French tourists. The results indicate that freelance tour guides specialize in adventure activities and possess deep cultural knowledge. French tourists are attracted to the "Blue Fire" phenomenon at Ijen Crater, as well as cultural experiences and outdoor activities. Effective digital marketing significantly impacts increasing tourist interest and visits. However, technical constraints and limited knowledge of digital marketing pose major challenges. This study provides significant contributions to the development of more effective and targeted tourism marketing strategies.