Deep Green Research Articles

Electrochemical formation of polycarbazole films in air- and water-stable room-temperature ionic liquids

Carbazole was electropolymerized on indium tinoxide (ITO) electrodes in two air- and water-stable room-temperature ionic liquids, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMI-PF 6) and N-butyl- N-methylpyrrolidinium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide (BMP-TFSI), respectively, using three potentiostatic methods ( i.e., cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic electrolysis, and potentiostatic pulse electrolysis). The polymer films obtained in both ionic liquids (ILs) adhered on the electrode surface well; however, the polycarbazole (PCz) films obtained in the more viscous BMI-PF 6 exhibited a denser structure. The PCz films showed electrochromic behavior; deep green was observed in the oxidative state and pale green in the reductive state. Anions or viscosities of the ILs seem to influence the depth of color change. PCz films were also prepared under a normal atmosphere.

The Fish Who Cried Wolf (review)

Reviewed by: The Fish Who Cried Wolf Deborah Stevenson Donaldson, Julia The Fish Who Cried Wolf illus. by Axel Scheffler. Levine/Scholastic, 2008 [32p] ISBN 978-0-439-92825-0 $15.99 Reviewed from galleys R 5–8 yrs Despite the title, this isn’t so much a piscine revision of Aesop’s well-known fable as a reexamination (in verse) of what surprising things can happen to good storytellers. Tiddler is a wee little fishy who “isn’t much to look at, with his plain gray scales,” but he’s got a powerful imagination, and every day he arrives late for school with a fabulous story to tell about the reasons for his delay (he was tricked by a mermaid or held captive by a squid). When reality catches up with his stories and he’s first caught in a fisherman’s net and then lost far from home, he finds deep-sea denizens retelling his stories and he uses them to track his way back. It’s the robust meter and adroit use of language and structure that really make this story go swimmingly. Donaldson’s deft use of pattern keeps the narrative-length poem lively by breaking it up and allowing listeners to anticipate repetitions, as in the exchanges in school and the responses to Tiddler’s stories (Little Johnny Dory always takes a shine to Tiddler’s stories and retells them himself, which is how they spread through the ocean in the first place). Scheffler’s finny critters (and occasional humans) evince pop-eyed personality that suggests a more benign branch of Victoria Chess’ illustrative [End Page 422] family. The art draws on the expected deep blues and greens for the watery world, but there’s plenty of contrast in golden sand and gaudy fish, and layout that varies from broad spreads to spot art enhances the rhythmic pleasures of the story. While this would contrast effectively with more traditional versions of “The Boy Who Cried Wolf,” it will also be tasty bait in a unit about storytelling or just a lively, bubbly readaloud. Copyright © 2008 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Toward a Competitive Pool-Playing Robot

Deep Green is a vision-based, intelligent robotic system that currently shoots pool at a better-than-amateur level, with the ultimate goal of challenging a proficient human opponent at a championship level. The system's robotic aspects rely primarily on computer vision. The system is centered on a 3-degree-of-freedom gantry robot mounted to the ceiling to avoid impeding human access to the table.

Biogeochemical value of managed realignment, Humber estuary, UK

We outline a plausible, albeit extreme, managed realignment scenario ('Extended Deep Green' scenario) for a large UK estuary to demonstrate the maximum possible biogeochemical effects and economic outcomes of estuarine management decisions. Our interdisciplinary approach aims to better inform the policy process, by combining biogeochemical and socioeconomic components of managed realignment schemes. Adding 7494 ha of new intertidal area to the UK Humber estuary through managed realignment leads to the annual accumulation of a 1.2 x 10(5) t of 'new' sediment and increases the current annual sink of organic C and N, and particle reactive P in the estuary by 150%, 83% and 50%, respectively. The increase in intertidal area should also increase denitrification. However, this positive outcome is offset by the negative effect of enhanced greenhouse gas emissions in new marshes in the low salinity region of the estuary. Short-term microbial reactions decrease the potential benefits of CO(2) sequestration through gross organic carbon burial by at least 50%. Net carbon storage is thus most effective where oxidation and denitrification reactions are reduced. In the Humber this translates to wet, saline marshes at the seaward end of estuaries. Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) was used to determine the economic efficiency of the Extended Deep Green managed realignment. When compared to a 'Hold-the-Line' future scenario, i.e. the present state/extent of sea defences in the estuary, the CBA shows that managed realignment is cost effective when viewed on >25 year timescales. This is because capital costs are incurred in the first years, whereas the benefits from habitat creation, carbon sequestration and reduced maintenance costs build up over time. Over 50- and 100-year timescales, the Extended Deep Green managed realignment scenario is superior in efficiency terms. The increased sediment accumulation is also likely to enhance storage of contaminant metals. In the case of Cu, a metal that currently causes significant water quality issues, Cu removal due to burial of suspended sediment in realigned areas translates to a value of approximately pounds sterling 1000 a(-1) (avoided clean up costs). Although this is not formally included in the CBA it illustrates another likely positive economic outcome of managed realignment. Although we focus on the Humber, the history of reclamation and its biogeochemistry is common to many estuaries in northern Europe.

Using geology to develop a better depth product in Central Green Canyon Roho

Abstract Lynn Anderson (CGG) discusses some of the techniques available to better understand the Roho basin in the deep water Green Canyon area of the Gulf of Mexico

An Interview With Jon Cattapan

An Interview With Jon Cattapan

Back East—Veteran's Day 2001, Remembrance

Where I come from autumn rains cleanse abandoned Appalachian leaves of deep greens, blood reds and oranges-awaiting to be swept along rural routes and Methodist church steps.Washed of their sweat, they offer a scent of life animal-like, the same cloying smell people exude in those last dying moments.In Appalachian autumns folks are solemn in the time of endings come nigh.

Marketing and Advertising a Deep Green Company

Marketing and Advertising a Deep Green Company

Feeding behavior of black fly larvae and retention of fine particulate organic matter in a high-gradient blackwater stream

We studied the feeding behavior of black fly larvae and aspects of fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) retention in four riffles in a high-gradient blackwater stream in northeastern Minnesota, U.S.A., using fluorescent particulate dyes as tracers of FPOM. Radiant Red and Radiant Deep Green dye particles were added sequentially to the stream above the upper riffle during two sequential 10-min pulses separated by a 5-min interval with no dye addition. Gut analyses showed that green particles were ingested progressively more at downstream riffles well after the dye pulse had passed, but red particles showed the opposite pattern. Samples of Cladophora sp. collected at the same intervals showed that green dye particles were preferentially retained over red ones by filamentous algae, and thus would have been more available than red particles to larvae functioning as collector-gatherers. Our work strongly suggests that collector-gatherer behavior, in addition to collector-filterer behavior, is important for obtaining very fine particles by larval black flies. Our work also shows that although fluorescent dye particles are useful tracers of very fine particulate organic matter for feeding studies, the two similar-sized but different-colored particles used in this study behaved differently in terms of retention on Cladophora sp. By analogy, other similar-sized FPOM, which would be more heterogeneous chemically and physically than the dye particles, might also be expected to exhibit diverse behavior, affecting its availability to consumers.

Research Items

Tongan Colour-Vision DATA of colour-vision among Polynesian Tongans were collected by Ernest and Pearl Beaglehole in the course of a field trip to Tonga, employing the Ishihara test (seventh edition). Results are recorded in Man of November 1939. 135 Tongans were examined (male, 67; female, 68). Five males appeared to be red-green blind; but no case of female red-green blindness was detected. No cases of blue-yellow blindness, or of complete colour-blindness, were detected in either sex. A comparison of the percentage of red-green blindness in Tongan males (7·46) with comparable results in Whites (8·03), American Negroes (3·7), American Indians (1·7), taken in conjunction with the weight of evidence from all test results available, suggests a possible racial difference in the incidence in males of red-green colour-blindness. Of the five Tongan males with defective colour vision, two were completely green-blind. The proportion of green-blindness to red-blindness among Whites, Negroes, and American Indians as reported is also in the approximate ratio of three to one. Another peculiarity in Tongan subjects is the response of certain of them in the test to plates which can scarcely be read by normal subjects. These Tongans (10 male, 13 female) were otherwise normal. In regard to general colour discrimination a number of colour-names were collected—cream-white, skin-white, yellow or gold, yellow, red, black. There is no specific colour-name for blue, nor possibly for green either. Many descriptive colour-names are in use, as for example, colour-sea = blue; obscure, indistinct = brown; kupesi, stencil for marking bark cloth = dark brown; loujusi, banana leaf = deep green. Degree of saturation is expressed by such qualifying words as mama, light, fakapo’ opouli, dark. The absence of certain terms, for example, for blue, does not imply a poor colour discrimination, but is due to a difficulty in finding words to describe them, and arises from a cultural origin.

A GLIMPSE OF IRISH SURGERY.

The wear and tear incident to a large hospital practice, the fatigue following the work during a long college session, and the unrest attending the demands of a progressive and exacting profession made it absolutely necessary for me, this year, to tear myself away from my sphere of activity and transplant myself to some foreign country to seek a much needed mental rest. I selected for this purpose Ireland, Norway and Sweden. It was my object to combine recreation with a study of the clinical advantages to be found in these countries. After an unusually smooth passage of less than seven days, on one of the palatial Cunard ocean greyhounds, I landed at Queenstown Saturday, July 13. At this time of the year, Ireland is at its best, the deep green of the lawns and meadows imparting to the landscape a most pleasing aspect. The stranger here has no difficulty