Deep Attachment Research Articles

Constructing ‘The Stade’: Fishers' and non-fishers' identity and place attachment in Hastings, south-east England

Many coastal communities have strong links to fishing that span generations where fishing is a way of life that goes beyond the means to earning a living. Fishing's influence is not confined to those activities that take place at sea, but spills over onto land to create a particular identity and sense of place in coastal towns inherently linked to fishing. Using Hastings in south-east England, with Britain's largest beach-launched fleet, as a case study, this paper considers how marine fishing contributes to place-making. Through an examination of the physical environment and semi-structured interviews, the study found that fishers have deep attachments to the fishing beach, called the Stade, which also defines their identity as individuals and as a fishing community. Non-fishers also value the contribution that fishing makes to the character of the town and its importance for related industries such as tourism. A deeper understanding of the attachments that fishers and non-fishers form with fishing places is needed to inform both local planning and regeneration strategies and, more broadly, fisheries and marine policy. ► Fishing contributes to sense of place in terms of fishermen's identity, community identity and through the material culture of fishing. ► Fishermen in Hastings have a strong occupational identity, with fishing as a way life. ► Non-fishers value the contribution that fishing makes to the character of Hastings. ► Fishing on the Stade in Hastings is important in terms of tourism. ► Understanding the social and cultural role of fishing is important in policy development contexts.

The Case of the Wild Onions: The Impact of Ramps on Cherokee Rights

[T]he Band of Cherokee Indians and Cherokees have been harvesting ramps in this area for over 10,000 years. You're going to hear testimony, your honor, about this particular land--this land where the park is presently located where these incidents occurred--which was part of the traditional Cherokee homeland ... And you're going to hear about the ramps [and] the traditional method that [the Cherokee] use to harvest these particular plants ... So, your honor, I believe that when we're through, Ill be able to make to you the legal argument that the Cherokee have an easement that allows them to take [ramps] and that they have not just a legal right, but a moral right to do so as one of their inherent cultural rights as native Cherokeepeople.--Excerpt from defense attorney James Kilbourne's opening statement in U.S. v. Burgess, November 23, 2009 (1) [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] INTRODUCTION We had been sitting on the hard wooden pews at the federal courthouse in Bryson City, North Carolina, for hours on November 23, 2009, the Monday before Thanksgiving. We stretched our legs during the small break we were given for lunch and made sure to leave enough time to get back through the security screening at the building so that we would not miss any of the case as it continued well into that afternoon. At least half of the courtroom was filled with American Indians, mostly from the Band of Cherokee Indians (also known as the EBCI or Eastern Band) of North Carolina, along with a few from the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma (the Western Band). This was an unusual sight even for this town that borders the Qualla Boundary, the current homeland of the Band. Professors, elders, and even the Band chief attended both as witnesses and, like me, to offer moral support. Finally, the defendant, George Burgess, who is an Band citizen, was called to testify. The air in the room went from lighthearted post-lunch chatting to dour and intense. Judging from the sudden solemnity, one might have imagined that this trial was for drug trafficking or a violent crime. But it was about something that had much more profound implications: picking plants--specifically, wild onions. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Burgess and three other men had been charged with illegally harvesting ramps in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) of North Carolina earlier that year. Although this may seem like a trivial charge, this case would transcend its modest beginnings to become a story about mislabeled national boundaries and the rights of indigenous peoples to continue to practice traditions that are millennia old. This case was a touchstone for the continuation of Native Peoples' rights and the willingness of the federal government to acknowledge those rights. As a Cherokee Nation citizen, I watched the proceedings with intense interest and crossed fingers. THE CASE [M]ost importantly, you're going to hear that the Cherokee take these particular ramps from this particular place and will do so over the course of generations. --Kilbourne, opening statement This story, of course, has its beginnings far before the trial started that day. For seventy of the seventy-five years since the park's opening in 1934, the National Park Service (NPS) had quietly consented to Band citizens harvesting ramps once per year in the early days of spring, occasionally digging through the snow to do so. The establishment of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park was both welcomed and contested in its time, and these new governmental stewards of the Park have recognized the deep attachment displaced Appalachian communities have to this land. The Qualla Boundary borders the Park and, as such, necessitates a good working relationship between the Park Services and the Band. This relationship was like many in the mountains in which informal agreements, talked over a table and a handshake, had as much weight as a signed contract. …

A Lover’s Lobster

In the first Surrealist Manifesto, Andre Breton wrote that alone arrogates to itself the right to excerpt from dreams, to ignore the transitions, and to depict for us rather series of dreams than the dream itself. (1) This excerpting reflects compulsive selectivity that paradoxically cuts out series of imaginary constructions from an unfigured dream. But if the serial structuring of imaginary constructions substitutes for the unfigurable dream, it also displays cross-references which have mysteriously occluded or forgotten their ties to the whole dream as such. In other words, the relays connecting figural series function in waking life more or less as means to decoy or displace any analysis or process that might be able to recapture the contents of the dream which are, apparently, unrepresentable and unrecoverable. This idea runs counter to Gaston Bachelard's conviction that in the repetition of memories the symptom of deep attachment to dream is recoverable, for the most part, through reverie. Indeed, Bachelard saw in phenomenology an opportunity to subject eidetic structures in literature to reverie in which latent dream could be remembered. In series of studies on the natural elements he focused particularly on how the writer's phenomenological experience of elements like air, water, earth, and fire mediated those imaginary constructions through which the world of dreams was given verbal expression. Breton rejected such phenomenology because he thought the unconscious was not accessible at those junctures where memory would make it noticeable to consciousness. Contrary to Bachelard, Breton's understanding of imaginary constructions rested on the conviction that the unconscious was to be found at those places where images or scenes are withdrawn, dormant, or unremarkable. When Breton says that surrealism is the resolution of dream and reality, he may well have meant that the surreal is an unmarked or matter-of-fact construction that is not interpretable. (2) It is here, according to Breton, that we may sense our closest proximity to the dream. This paper considers minor if not fleeting detail from Marcel Proust's A la recherche du temps perdu which easily escapes noticeability though it is signifier that reverberates with and, in fact, repeats the extremely well known epiphany of the Madeleine, though by way of an extremely muted parody that I doubt reader would notice if he or she had not stopped to examine it. This detail concerns lobster dismantled on Marcel's plate during lunch at the home of the Swanns. Comment aurais-je encore pu rever de la salle manger comme d'un lieu inconcevable, quand je ne pouvais pas faire un mouvement dans mon esprit sans y rencontrer les rayons infrangibles qu'emettait l'infini derriere lui, jusque dans mon passe le plus ancien, le homard l'americaine que je venais de manger? How could I ever dream again of her dining-room as of an inconceivable place, when I could not make the least movement in my mind without crossing path of that inextinguishable ray cast backward ad infinitum, into my own most distant past, by the lobster l'americaine which I had just been eating? (3) Here memory has excerpted the lobster as representation through which former state of consciousness can be recovered. In this sense, the lobster is trigger for reverie crucial to the Bachelardian project, one in which a literary image sometimes suffices to transport us from one universe to another (4) For Proust's narrator the lobster connects state of consciousness in which the fervid desire to be part of Swann's society appeared unachievable to state of consciousness in which the much hoped for social acceptance is suddenly taken in stride at that moment it is finally consummated. Significant in the contrast of these conscious states is the difference between type of reverie which occurs in the absence of the objects-a purely mental reverie which is obliged to imagine or constitute world it hopes for but which it has never really seen, in contrast to reverie which suddenly finds itself situated in an embodied or material world of artifacts in whose physicality reverie searches out magical or mysterious links to the past and the future. …

'지배하는 이성'과 '배려하는 이성'이라는 개념 쌍을 통해 본 영화 ＜피아노＞

제인 캠피온의 <피아노>에서 에이다의 남편인 스튜어트는 근대인들과 마찬가지로 자연에 대한 무한한 정복욕과 소유욕을 드러낸다. 그러나 베인즈는 뉴질랜드 원주민과의 인간적 유대를 지니고 있으며, 자기땅에 대한 소유욕과 정복욕을 갖고 있지 않다. 스튜어트가 자기 아내의 욕망을 무시하고 자기의 욕망에 따라서만 행동한다는 점에서 근대인의 지배하는 이성을 대변해준다면, 베인즈는 에이다의 피아노에 대한 열망을 충족시켜 주고 그녀의 내면세계를 함께 공유하기 위해 그녀의 피아노와 자기의 땅을 교환하자는 거래를 제시한다. 이처럼 베인즈는 에이다의 목적에 맞게 그녀를 배려하고, 동시에 자기의 욕망 또한 배려한다는 점에서 배려하는 이성을 대변한다고 할 수 있다. In Jane Campion's <the Piano> Stewart, Ada's husband, as like modern people, manifests the infinite lust of conquest. But Banes has a humanistic relation with the New Zealand's tribe and doesn't have a deep attachment of his own land. Stewart represents the ruling reason in that he disregards his wife's desire and acts only for his desire to possess and conquest. In contrast with him, in order to satisfy her desire of the piano and hold her own inner world in common, Banes proposes the extraordinary deal, that is to say, to exchange her piano and his land and to learn playing the piano from her. Like this Banes represents the caring reason in that he regards Ada's desire and cares her in according to her purpose and himself.

Case Scenario

P ERIPARTUM hemorrhage is responsible for 150,000 maternal deaths worldwide each year. Although the risk of maternal death has decreased over the preceding century, there has recently been a concerning suggestion of an increase in the overall incidence of hemorrhage. Despite multiple advances in medical and surgical care, a steady rise in hemorrhage has been noted within the developed world. Statistically significant increases in the incidence of maternal hemorrhage have been reported in retrospective studies in Canada (from 4.1% to 5.1%) and Australia (from 4.9% to 6.3%). Similarly, there was an increase in maternal deaths secondary to hemorrhage in the United Kingdom during the years 2000– 2002. This new uptick in the rate of peripartum hemorrhage has been attributed to increasing maternal age, multiple gestations, and the rise in the rate of cesarean sections. The most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage remains uterine atony. Disorders of placentation can be associated with either uterine atony or retained placenta. Importantly, in the developed world abnormal placentation is commonly diagnosed before delivery; with proper medical management and multidisciplinary planning, the associated morbidity and mortality can be minimized. During the past decade the rate of cesarean section has increased for multiple reasons, including an increase in maternal age, in vitro fertilization, multiple gestation, a decrease in vaginal breech delivery, and less frequent vaginal birth after cesarean section. A systematic review of 30 studies from 1997–2002 showed that nearly 90% of women chose to have a cesarean section after a previous cesarean section despite recent evidence for increased neonatal mortality. Repeated cesarean sections are a risk factor for abnormal placentation. Diagnosis of placenta previa is an indication of abnormal placentation. It is associated with an increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage due to inability of the lower uterine segment site of placental implantation to contract after placental delivery. In patients with placenta previa who have had previous cesarean delivery, each surgery is associated with an increased risk of placenta accreta. Placenta accreta, an abnormally deep attachment of the placenta into the endometrium and myometrium (the middle layer of the uterine wall), complicates 3% of primary, 11% of secondary, 40% of tertiary, 61% of quaternary, and 67% of higher-order cesarean sections for placenta previa. In this case scenario, a patient with suspected placenta accreta who required cesarean hysterectomy is presented. The risks and benefits of various anesthetic treatments and transfusion strategies are discussed with a multidisciplinary approach to delivery.

Florence Conry, the Flight of the Earls, and Native-Catholic Militancy

Florence Conry, the Flight of the Earls, and Native-Catholic Militancy Jerrold Casway In her compilation of the Spanish correspondence of Hugh O'Neill, the earl of Tyrone, Micheline Kerney Walsh tried to vindicate his 1607 "flight" decision. 1 In the preface to that volume, Cardinal Tomás Ó Fiaich condemned the very term "flight." He declared that this "phrase deserves to be expunged from an Irishman's vocabulary." 2 Kerney Walsh herself disagreed with the position that the flight was an ill-considered escape to avoid English imprisonment, and sought to defend the earls' decision to leave Ireland; she called the exodus a "planned tactical retreat," and asserted that it was neither a "panic decision," nor a "journey into voluntary exile." 3 If Kerney Walsh is correct, then O'Neill and his companions must have been anticipating continental relief and succor. Their supposition was based on the illusory assumption that Spain and Catholic Europe would need only a minimum provocation to provide support for Irish causes. Had O'Neill and his fellow refugees been successful in getting aid, the "flight" term would surely not have taken on negative connotations from future commentators. A key question, however, is whether there was in fact any verification for the backing they so wishfully expected. During the late Tudor Irish wars an ideological association evolved linking the Catholic faith with Irish liberation. Modern historians, notably Hiram Morgan, have characterized this as a "faith and fatherland" creed; an abstraction that matured under O'Neill during the last Elizabethan Irish conflict, the Nine Years' War (1594-1603). Unfortunately for the Gaelic order, this struggle never kindled a projected holy war. Neither was it surprising when England's postwar encroachments against O'Neill reignited the aforementioned "faith and fatherland" expectations of earlier conflicts. In a post-flight letter to Phillip III of Spain, O'Neill asked the king "to liberate that kingdom [Catholic Ireland] from heresy and tyranny." The seductive belief that continental Catholics would sustain [End Page 111] Ireland's struggle remained illusory—but it was precisely this delusion that nourished the "flight" decision. In fact no evidence exists that Spain or Rome offered anything substantial or official to lure O'Neill and his confederates to the continent. 4 It appears, then, that the "flight" decision was based on misinformation if not outright fantasy. What are "flight" apologists like Kerney Walsh and Ó Fiaich overlooking when they defend the decision? The answer may involve the wishful and naive optimism promoted by chauvinistic continental Irish agents, such as Fr. Florence Conry—bellicose clerics who believed that if all else failed, O'Neill's appearance in Catholic Europe might inflame the polity of the Counter-Reformation. In other words, if Spain and Rome were confronted by such a fait accompli, they would accept de facto responsibility for these refugees, and in turn, for the cause of a reformed Catholic Ireland. Florence Conry (Fláithri Ó Maolconaire) was born in County Roscommon in 1560 and died in Madrid in 1629. His family had been hereditary chroniclers of the O'Connors and MacDermotts of Connaught. Trained as a chronicler in traditional bardic arts, Conry had a deep attachment to his native culture and history. Around 1592 Conry, already in his early thirties, went abroad to study theology at the Irish College in Salamanca, where he grew distressed by the favoritism given by Jesuits to Irish students of Old English background. Believing these practices prejudiced native Irish students, Conry incited a controversy with Father Thomas White, the college's founding headmaster. Soon after this clash, Conry left Salamanca and joined the local Franciscan College that he believed was better aligned to the religious expectations of the postwar native Catholic north. Under their auspices Conry recommitted his devotion to his native society and its defenders. 5 [End Page 112] Florence Conry's religious affiliations and commitments complemented his political mission. Closely associated with O'Neill's ally, the lord of Tyrconnell, Hugh Roe O'Donnell, Conry used Counter-Reformation appeals to lobby Spanish authorities for support during the Nine Years War. He even accompanied Spanish troops in 1602 when they landed at Kinsale. Following this failed intervention, Conry returned to Spain with Hugh Roe...

The role of daily mobility in mental health inequalities: The interactive influence of activity space and neighbourhood of residence on depression

The literature reports an association between neighbourhood deprivation and individual depression after adjustment for individual factors. The present paper investigates whether vulnerability to neighbourhood features is influenced by individual “activity space” (i.e., the space within which people move about or travel in the course of their daily activities). It can be assumed that a deprived residential environment can exert a stronger influence on the mental health of people whose activity space is limited to their neighbourhood of residence, since their exposure to their neighbourhood would be greater. Moreover, we studied the relationship between activity space size and depression. A limited activity space could indeed reflect spatial and social confinement and thus be associated with a higher risk of being depressed, or, conversely, it could be linked to a deep attachment to the neighbourhood of residence and thus be associated with a lower risk of being depressed. Multilevel logistic regression analyses of a representative sample consisting of 3011 inhabitants surveyed in 2005 in the Paris, France metropolitan area and nested within 50 census blocks showed, after adjusting for individual-level variables, that people living in deprived neighbourhoods were significantly more depressed that those living in more advantaged neighbourhoods. We also observed a statistically significant cross-level interaction between activity space and neighbourhood deprivation, as they relate to depression. Living in a deprived neighbourhood had a stronger and statistically significant effect on depression in people whose activity space was limited to their neighbourhood than in those whose daily travels extended beyond it. In addition, a limited activity space appeared to be a protective factor with regard to depression for people living in advantaged neighbourhoods and a risk factor for those living in deprived neighbourhoods. It could therefore be useful to take activity space into consideration more often when studying the social and spatial determinants of depression.

French Muguet Customs: Recording Change

Among a broad range of maying customs still quite lively in France, those involving the lily-of-the-valley are especially visible. If a deep attachment to traditions is often voiced, still, there is nothing static about the practices in which the flower is used. Three aspects of those customs are explored here: the use of the flower as gift, on cards bearing good wishes, and in a local festival. Although pride of place here is given to a town festival, each of these topics enables us to examine change, and the hopes of recording it, as well as to touch upon other questions: attitudes towards luck or happiness, creating identity and a sense of community, managing relations with the past and constructing a future, integrating tradition and innovation, and — last but not least — creating pleasure for oneself and others, no mean feat in any time.

Just patriotism?

Patriotism is subject to searing moral criticism, but is it necessarily a vice? The article offers a conditional defense of patriotism. It acknowledges that even at its best, patriotism is a dangerous virtue and prone to abuse. Nevertheless, we ought to acknowledge the truth that a just patriotism is possible, and we should seek to specify and bring about its conditions. Just as it is permissible to form deep attachments to imperfect others, so, too, it is not always wrong to feel a special attachment to and responsibility for one’s own country. Even so, addressing patriotism’s manifest dangers requires enacting practical institutional reforms. These include greater protections for rights of political dissent and contestation, insulating the school curriculum from politicization and bringing more attention to the nation’s shortcomings, and greatly expanding the role of international institutions and perspectives which furnish a salutary check on national self-preference.

Place, matter and meaning: Extending the relationship in psychological therapies

Discourse in psychotherapeutic practice has typically focussed on technique and the therapeutic relationship. The setting in which psychological therapies occur has attracted little research attention to date. What we have understood as relationship may need to be expanded to include aspects of the material environment as constitutive in the dynamic process of psychotherapy. An in-depth, art-based method was used to understand the lived experience of the room of therapists and clients of art therapy. First person lived-experience accounts were sought from adult clients and therapists of their respective rooms of therapy. The study found that deep attachments to place and to objects and zones in the room provided support and stabilising influences on the therapy process for both groups. The results may have broader relevance for other forms of psychological practice.

Family care-giving and decisions about entry to care: a rural perspective

ABSTRACTThe aim of this qualitative study was to explore rural family carers' experiences of the nursing home placement of an older relative. The study was undertaken in a large Health and Social Care Trust in Northern Ireland using a grounded theory approach. Purposive sampling was used to initiate data collection and thereafter theoretical sampling was employed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 relatives of nursing home residents and the resultant data were recorded, transcribed and analysed using constant comparisons. The software package, QSR NVivo, was used to facilitate data management and retrieval. Older people had deep attachments to their homes and entry to care was a last resort. Rural family carers had close relationships with health- and social-care practitioners and felt supported in the decision-making process. The choice of home was a foregone conclusion for carers who had a strong sense of familiarity with the nursing homes in their area. This familiarity was influenced by the relatively rural communities in which respondents resided and by an efficient ‘grapevine’, which seemed to thrive in these small communities. This familiarity, in turn, influenced the choice of nursing home, timing of the placement and responses of family carers. The findings indicate that issues such as rurality and familiarity warrant a more detailed exploration in future research on entry to care.

‘For my children’: Different functions of the agricultural landscape and attitudes of farmers on different areas of Greece towards small scale landscape change

Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography 111(2):117–130, 2011 Agricultural landscapes are valued with different sets of criteria by different actors and stakeholders, including farmers, whose opinions and attitudes can vary greatly. In this paper, farmers' attitudes and opinions towards small scale landscape change in different areas of Greece (Koropi, Zagori and Lesvos) are presented. The areas are very different in terms of landscape and the driving forces of landscape change, with intense urban sprawl in Koropi urbanization in Mytilini and abandonment in Kentriko Zagori. The comparison of the attitudes, the evaluations and justifications farmers offer for landscape change is used to understand the dynamics of this change. Findings indicate that although common threads run through all the cases, conflicts between the different roles are evident and the attitudes reveal an antithesis between deep attachment to the land and farming traditions on the one hand and market pressures on the other, with important implications for rural and land use policies that have to encourage a better balance between these different roles.

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (review)

Reviewed by: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Jordi Sánchez-Martí Simon Armitage , trans., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. London: Faber and Faber, 2009. Pp. ix, 114. ISBN: 978-0-571-22328-2. £9.99. The late James S. Holmes, a scholar who devoted great attention to the practice of verse translation, proposed the term metapoem to refer to any verse composition intended as a translation of a poem (see Translated! Papers on Literary Translation and Translation Studies, Approaches to Translation Studies 7 [Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1988], 10). In Holmes's view the qualifications of a good metapoet include 'acumen as a critic, craftsmanship as a poet, and skill in the analysing and resolving of a confrontation of norms and conventions across linguistic and cultural barriers in the making of appropriate decisions' (p. 11). As a matter of fact, Arthurian scholars are in luck, since the verse translation under review has been undertaken by a gifted metapoet, namely, Simon Armitage, an acclaimed poet born in Huddersfield, England, in 1963 (see his personal website, http://www.simonarmitage.com), whose translation of Gawain shows thorough familiarity with the main critical discussions about his source text. Moreover, Armitage has a special, personal connection with Gawain that would appear to cross the traditional gap between a translator and the original text, since he confesses to have formed a 'conviction that I was put on the planet for no other reason than to translate this poem' (Simon Armitage, 'The Knight's Tale,' The Guardian, December 16, 2006, http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2006/dec/16/poetry.simonarmitage [accessed October 1, 2009]). Armitage's deep attachment to the Middle English poem has prompted an ambitious, creative process founded on sound decisions on the form, style, and meaning of the metapoem. In a brief introduction preceding the poem (pp. v-ix), Armitage explains some of the priorities and strategies that have informed his approach to the text. First, he acknowledges the linguistic opacity, except for the trained medievalist, of the original and hence justifies his intention to render the text comprehensible to the general reader and create a 'readable piece of work in its own right' (p. viii). This translation, however, does not simply provide a poetic interpretation of the source text but also attempts to replicate the sound effects of the Middle English poem by imitating the original's alliteration. Only by doing so can the reading experience of this translation's audience somehow recreate that of the Gawain-poet's contemporary public. As if it were a medieval text, Armitage's version aspires to be 'a translation not only for the eye, but for the ear and the voice as well' (p. ix), and it does succeed on all fronts. It is written in a fresh and lively style, if occasionally too informal (e.g. croaked in the sense of died), making lexical selections that can be easily understood by modern readers and avoiding the archaizing semantic solutions favored by previous translators, such as Marie Borroff. Here is an example illustrative of this translation's nature: the Middle English 'ÞaƷ Arþer þe hende kyng at hert hade wonder, / He let no semblaunt be sene, bot sayde ful hyƷe' (lines 467-68; ed. J. R. R. Tolkien and E. V. Gordon, 2nd ed. rev. Norman Davis [Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967]) is rendered in Armitage's version as 'And although King Arthur was awe-struck at heart / no sign of it showed. Instead he spoke'; thus the translation avoids both lexical and syntactical literality while preserving the alliterative meter. On some occasions Armitage uses poetic license as when the sentence 'much dut [i.e. joy] watz þer dryuen' (1020) [End Page 119] is creatively transformed into 'they drank and danced' (for other examples of free translation, see 121-24, 814, 1025, 1083). Overall Armitage's version effectively captures the meaning and intent of the original while successfully recreating the ambience of the medieval text and respecting its cultural codes. One, however, cannot expect a translation to carry all the semantic nuances of the original, thus the need to check whether or not the final product in any way misrepresents the Middle English text...

A Tribute to Danny L. Miller

A Tribute to Danny L. Miller Sharon Hatfield (bio) Appalachian Literature lost a dear friend and advocate on November 9 with the passing of Danny Miller, chair of the English Department at Northern Kentucky University. The enormous respect and esteem in which he was held by his colleagues and students was evident at the memorial service held on campus November 15. Against a photographic backdrop of Danny in his prime as an academic and as a toddler in his rural Appalachian home, mourners paid tribute to their fallen friend through performances of original poetry, modern dance, a bluegrass hymn, a Rachmaninoff concerto, and his favorite song from Phantom of the Opera. The event seemed to reflect perfectly the many facets of Danny’s catholic nature, from his deep attachment to home, kinfolk, and friends back in Ashe County, North Carolina, to his love for the fine arts and the urban life of Cincinnati, where he had made his home for many years. My own connection with Danny was both personal and professional. It all began several years ago at an Appalachian Studies Conference in Helen, Georgia, where I was introduced to him over dinner. He immediately asked me where I was from and what my mother’s maiden name was. By the end of the meal, using his vast genealogical knowledge of Appalachian families and a napkin as his notepad, he had established that we were indeed distant cousins. It was a scene I was to see repeated many times over the next several years, as Danny would delve into the family tree of a perfect stranger with abandon. He was particularly enthusiastic to meet those with associations to his undergraduate Alma Mater, Berea College, and to the University of Cincinnati, where he received his doctorate. The point is, Danny was inclusive. He felt a sense of connection to many people throughout the mountains, and even if you were not his blood kin, he would surely claim you as a kindred spirit. A few years later I gained an appreciation of Danny’s scholarship while serving with him and Gurney Norman as a coeditor of An American Vein, a collection of critical essays on Appalachian literature. [End Page 6] Danny’s book about female characters in Appalachian fiction, Wingless Flights, had been published in 1996, and by 2000 he had helped set into motion this significant venture—creating a foundational volume that would tie together all the critical work that had been done over the decades of the Appalachian literary renaissance. His knowledge of Appalachian writing was encyclopedic, and beneath his sunny exterior burned the conviction that literature was not just something for academics or librarians to peruse, but a tool by which activists could, in his words, “offer resistance.” Over the four years we worked on the book, meeting in both Ohio and Kentucky, I came to realize that Danny, through his keen intellect and unpretentious style, had fashioned a charmed circle of friends and colleagues that was constantly widening. Always juggling several projects in addition to his job, Danny was never too busy to take your hand, pull you aside, and demand to hear your news. At the time of his death from a stroke at age 59, Danny had nearly completed his tenure as chair of his department, having overseen the creation of a master’s degree program in English and an enormous growth in the number of faculty. He was looking forward to stepping down to a quieter life within the academy. There were things he had left to do, and we as the Appalachian community are the poorer for his absence. But in thinking of all he did accomplish in six short decades, I am reminded of a passage from Jesse Stuart that was quoted at Danny’s memorial: “And I am firm in my belief that a teacher lives on and on through his students. I will live if my teaching is inspirational, good, and stands firm for good values and character training. Tell me how can good teaching ever die? Good teaching is forever and the teacher is immortal.” Having heard the notes of praise and laughter rising to the ceiling of the...

Thailand. Performing political identity: The Democrat party in southern Thailand By Marc Askew Chiang Mai: Silkworm, 2008, Pp. 391. Bibliography, Index, Notes.

Performing political identity: The Democrat party in southern Thailand By MARC ASKEW Chiang Mai: Silkworm, 2008, Pp. 391. Bibliography, Index, Notes. doi: 10.1017/S0022463409990191 This is a very informative book on an enormously important topic in contemporary Thai politics: the virtual hegemony of the ruling Democrat Party in southern Thailand. The party's stronghold is so firm that even the mighty Thai Rak Thai Party (led by Thaksin Shinawatra) could win only two of the region's 54 parliamentary seats in the 2005 election. Based on his extensive fieldwork in Songkhla Province, Marc Askew presents the first comprehensive analysis of this party and its following. The fieldwork specifically targets four multi-level elections held in Songldala in 2004-05. In doing so, Askew provides a blow-by-blow, first-hand account of these elections to unravel the mechanisms underlying the Democrat's domination. The account is further enlivened by his interviews with candidates and their supporters, both Democrat and non-Democrat. Askew makes two essential claims in regard to the party's significant position in Thailand's political arena. First, that the Democrat Party has made effective use of its organisational resources; in particular the reliance upon its tightly knit informal groupings called phuak. He argues that despite regarding themselves as the 'cleanest' party in Thailand, the Democrat Party has resorted to vote buying, although he points out that it has done so with restraint and on a limited scale. Thus, at one level, he grounds his explanation in the less-than-savoury practicalities of Machiavellian politics. If Askew had stopped here, his book would be little different from much of the literature on rural Thai politics. Instead, he gives a second and far more interesting answer: that the Democrat's dominance hinges on the politics of culture--the invention and manipulation of 'southern Thai culture' for political purposes. This notion refers to the romanticised, essentialising myth that 'southern Thailand' constitutes a distinctive community that has always upheld the noble values of integrity and loyalty. At election time, the Democrat mobilises a range of symbolic and rhetorical instruments to project itself as a party that embodies and champions such putatively timeless political principles. Those instruments include election slogans and posters; the dissemination of rmnours; and well-attended campaign rallies, where candidates adept in oratory skills evoke and appeal to the image of 'virtuous southerners' and simultaneously demonise their opponents as endangering the 'morality' of southern Thailand. A diverse mix of people who comprise this imagined political community--old and young, rich and poor--has been socialised into believing that they must support the Democrat Party as a matter of principle and loyalty. Thus, their voting behaviour is based on their deep emotional attachment to the Democrats. Southerners reaffirm their regional identity and pride by supporting Democrat candidates. One might categorise this as a case of ideological domination in a Marxist sense. Askew, however, avoids using such a label, presumably because 'ideology' carries the connotation that ordinary people are passive and gullible. He assigns more agency or autonomy to the southerners' decisions to behave and express their politics in the manner that they do. The question of whether southern Thailand is unique or not is unimportant to Askew. Rather, the book focuses on how these images about southern Thailand represent particular ideas about the Thai nation and its future. Askew's rich analysis raises several questions, however. According to him, many southerners are dissatisfied with the Democrats' poor performance on specific issues (e. …

Anti-Semitism in Imperial Germany: Cultural Code or Pervasive Prejudice?

S HULAMIT Volkov. Germans, Jews, and Antisemite,): Trials in Emancipation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Pp. xiii + 311.LARS FISCHER. The Socialist Response to Antisemitism in Imperial Germany. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Pp. xix + 252.One of most contentious issues in historiography of Holocaust is question of origins: How far back does one look for causes? Answers range from immediate context following outbreak of World War II to depths of Middle Ages. But many, perhaps most, historians believe that one has to begin by examining rise of modern anti-Semitism in Imperial Germany. Much has been written on this issue, but as we see by examining these two books from two different generations of scholars - collection of essays, written over course of thirty years, by Shulamith Volkov, one of outstanding experts in field; and revised dissertation of Lars Fischer- interpretive consensus is still far off.Another question that has been asked repeatedly is one that personally drives Volkov's scholarship: was it so hard to see approaching disaster? Her essays are an attempt to evoke and analyze the true complexity of situation, fact that matters were indeed so obscure and so multidimensional that it was practically impossible, even for many clear sighted men and women, to see through and extract ominous signs (p. x). In first of three parts that make up volume, Volkov offers an international perspective by outlining differences of perception and opinion among Jews in late nineteenth century and in late 1930s. In former period, Russia's Jews - obviously afflicted enough in their own country - looked anxiously at developments in Western and Central Europe, and what they saw pushed them even further toward Zionism. Conversely, German Jews did not believe that conditions in Tsarist Empire, however deplorable, could ever be replicated in their country. Forty years later, even after what we see in retrospect as absolutely clear signal sent by Kriatainacht, blinders remained. Precisely because events of November 1938 seemed so like traditional pogrom, some observers actually believed that Nazis represented nothing new after all: terrible and murderous, to be sure, but ultimately just one more old style enemy to be opposed and overcome. Moreover, many Zionists, however concerned about their brethren in Third Reich, remained even more focused on fighting British restrictions on Jewish immigration to Palestine - an attitude encapsulated in Ben Gurion's notorious remark: Had I know that it were possible to save all children of Germany by bringing them over to England, or save only half of them by transferring them to Eretz Idrael, I would have chosen latter (p. 61).Volkov's honesty in dealing with complexity of issue extends even to her own family. In remarkable prologue to book, titled My Father Leaves His German Homeland, she recounts how her father had always portrayed himself as committed Zionist who decided to emigrate to Palestine as soon as Hitler came to power. But after his death, family discovered letters that he had written from Germany in spring and summer of 1933 to his fiancee - native of Tel Aviv who had gone to Berlin to study medicine but returned home already in March 1933. The letters revealed his deep attachment to Germany and his agonizing over decision to leave. Indeed, in letter of May 2, Volkov's father (then twenty-five-years old) recounted hearing Hitler speak on radio day before and being swept up as by a gigantic force of nature. He then asked plaintively: Is there really no possibility at all for Jew to take part in this thing here? (p. T). Within ensuing weeks he came to his senses and left for Palestine. Yet this troubling story sticks with reader throughout book and reminds us that there are no easy answers to question: Why did people not see what was coming? …

Ethical and Social Issues Facing Obstetricians in Low-income Countries

A review of publications on ethical and social issues from low-income countries was done with the aim of highlighting the major ethical and social issues facing obstetricians in these countries. Low-income countries were identified using the World Health Organization income group classification of member nations. Obstetricians in low-income countries face a wide range of special social and ethical issues that reflect the peculiarities of their practice environment characterized by poverty, low education, deep attachment to tradition and culture, low social status of women, and high levels of physician's paternalism.

Tightrope Walking: A Memoir by Josephine Pasternak by Pasternak Ramsay , Rimgaila Helen , Rimgaila Salys (review)

340 SEER, 87, 2, APRIL 200g unhappymarriage, arguesthatSokhanskaiahas createdan 'almostentirely matriarchal worldin whichmen playlittlepart' (p. 64). He thusfindsthe storyto be more about 'narrative death and resurrection' than about an unhappymarriage(p. 65). Unexpectedly we findthatoutsidespace, rather thanthetypical domainofindoors, is thearenawheretheheroinefinds her identity. Andrewsuggests thatbothSokhanskaia and Khvoshchinskaia foreshadowwhatbecomesa centralmotif of twentieth-century feminist fiction: 'friendship amongwomen'(p. 77). (Khvoshchinskaia' s novel,however,also takeson thedarkthemeofwomenpolicing each other[pp. 103-09]whichis likewisepresentin the threestoriesof Dostoevskii's which he discusses.) Although I foundthisnotionoftheemphasis on femalefriendship as a dominantthemecompelling , itseemsto me thatthisidea aboundsin nineteenthcentury literature generally - whether amongAusten's heroines orevenwith AnnaKarenina,whois inpartdriven tohersuicidebecauseofherexclusion from theworldofwomen. Andrew's analysis of'FamilyHappiness'uncovers a crucialgenericswitch betweenpartsone and twofromthepastoraleto thesocietytale; hisfinal chapteron Chekhov's'The Fiancée' exploresthewaysin whichChekhov, evenas he deliberately returns tothestyle and evocation ofan earlier period, is also in dialoguewithTolstoi'sstory.I foundespeciallyfascinating the lastsection,'Chekhov'sTestament'.Here Andrewexploreshow thisstory, Chekhov's last,isbotha retrospective and a capstone.'Mostofthecharacters couldbe saidto comefrom theChekhov"repertory company'"(p. 177), and he concludes, 'Butthis,hislast,testamental workdoes,at least,seemto call on Russiatoawake,likehislastshort story heroine, whosefullnameis never usedinthestory, butis,ofcourse[.. .] Hope' (p. 179).As notedearlier, atthis pointthereaderflips thepage,eagerfora conclusion tohighlight theinsights culledalong theway. But it is herethatthisinteresting, well argued,and convincing volumecomesto itsend. Department ofGerman, Russian RobinFeuer Miller andAsian Languages andLiterature Brandeis University, Massachusetts PasternakRamsay,Helen and Salys,Rimgaila (eds). Tightrope Walking: A Memoir by Josephine Pasternak. Slavica,Bloomington, IN, 2005. xv + 296 pp. Illustrations. Chronology.Notes. Bibliography.Index. $24.95 (paperback). Memoirspresent us witha doubleinterest: we wishto learnmoreabout a particular lifeorlives, butwe alsoreadthememoir as a workofartinitsown right. Josephine Pasternak's Tightrope Walking belongstoa particular sub-genre of memoirs, depicting the livesof notablepersonsthrough the eyes of a closerelative. Withsuchmemoirs thenarrator himself orherself can become invisible, withdrawn to a background, made onlyto illuminate greatlives. Pasternak's memoirdefinitely does not followsuch constraints. Poet and philosopher Josephine Pasternak writes a detailedexploration ofherownlife, REVIEWS 34I and evenmoreso ofherown emotionaland mentalworld.The book was intended to concentrate on herlife,yetto also makeprominent thebiographiesoffamily members, Nobel Prizelaureatepoet and prosewriter Boris Pasternak (Josephine's brother), landscapeandportrait artist LeonidPasternak (herfather), and pianistRosalia KaufmanPasternak (hermother). Josephine Pasternak'smemoir,writtenin English, spans from her childhoodin pre-Revolutionary Russia, through the Revolution,to lifein emigration in Germany, and endsat thepointofherarriving at theage of twenty-seven. The memoiris constructed aroundthe 'threecentralsunsin (her)family [herfather, mother and brother Boris]and thethreesatellites, or secondary bodies- Shura[hereldestbrother] , Lydia[hersister] ' and herself (p. 60). Indeed, much of the book is devotedto the personaland artistic development ofthese'threesuns',especially Borisand Leonid.She mentions Boris'svariousyouthful infatuations and discusseshis turbulent relationship withhisfirst wife.But she also stresses theaffinity ofartistic sensibility she and Borisfelt. Josephine discusses Leonid'sartand claimsthat'hisflights of inspiration werenotlessboldthanthoseofhisson' (p. 212),butshealso gives an accountoftheinternal conflict thefather alwaysfelt betweenhiscommitmenttohisfamily and hisvocation.It seemsthat Josephine isconcerned with pureart,and sees anything lessthanabsolutededicationas a lossofartistic potential. As to Rosalia,Josephine talksoftheeffect ofhermother's playing on herearliest impressions, noting an affinity toMarinaTsvetaeva,forwhom hermother and musicwerealso formative influences. By virtueofbeingclose to herbrother Boris, Josephinehad been introducedto a number ofpoetsand writers oftheperiod.She describes in detail a visitwithBoris to Lilia and Osip Brik,when she was exhilaratedby themutualaffection betweenPasternak and Maiakovskii. Regardlessofthe difference in poetictemperament betweenthem,she ascertains, theyunderstoodand admiredeach other's work.Atthesameevening Josephine recalls a curiousscenewhenBoriskissedherin an eroticmanner.Significantly, she says thatwhile she feltno eroticresponse,insteadof being shockedshe believedthat'to remaincold in answerto hispassionateappeal - [was] a desecration' (p. 93). It seemsthatforherpassionis relatedto artand both are,forher,highest ideals.Conventions matter less,surprisingly fora young womanwhogrewup in a strict Victorian-style household. In spiteoftheprofessed emphasison 'thesuns'in herfamily, Josephine devoteslargepartsof her memoirto her own psychological and religious turmoil, and also refers to a numberofmentalbreakdowns laterin life.She describes in detailreligious and sexualpassionsand compulsions shehad felt from an earlyage. Her approachis psychoanalytical and she seeksmeaning in the Freudianset of images.How much of thisinterpretation is a true reflection ofJosephine's mentalstateand how muchofher experienceshe constructs mentally becauseoftheintellectual influence ofpsychoanalysis on herviewsis hardto tell. A curiouscollision is seenagainand againinthememoir, whenJosephine on theone hand professes deep attachment to herfamily and on theother hand confessesto feelingtrappedin the familycircle.When she finally decidedtomovetoBerlintostudy shefeelsthehappiness offreedom butalso 342 SEER, 87, 2, APRIL 200g excruciating nostalgia...

醫乃仁術: 儒家視野下的醫患關係

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.本文首先廓清了“醫乃仁術”在傳統儒家思想脈絡裏的含義，並指出從來源上說，它迥異於西方生命倫理學主流，而採取了一種獨特的“不離人倫，親親為本”的視角。然而這種視角使得“醫乃仁術”總是被一種歧義所困擾：它既是一種行善原則，也是一種未顧及自主性原則的行善原則，家長主義的陰影無處不在。“醫乃仁術”的歧義成為中國生命倫理學建設的最大瓶頸。面對這種困境，本文試圖在現代西方生命倫理學話語實踐之外，另闢蹊徑，借助關懷倫理學和美德倫理學的最近研究成果，闡發“醫乃仁術”的合理內涵。This essay addresses the ethical implications of the physician-patient relationship from the Confucian perspective, which holds that the physician must regard the patient as a family member to treat the patient properly. It is well known that there are two primary approaches to moral authority in contemporary Western medical ethics. One is internal, and assumes that the good inherent to medicine is the source of moral authority in medical activities. The other is external, and denies that the ends and ethics of medicine can be determined by typical medical activities. It holds that medical ethics should be based on general moral principles, such as autonomy and justice. However, the Confucian model seems to be at odds with both of these approaches. On the one hand, Confucians do not think that medicine constitutes a self-contained domain of activity with its own ethics; rather, medicine is seen as a continuum of familial relationships and ethics. On the other hand, Confucians also hold that the physician-patient relationship should follow the example of the flexible relationships among family members rather than the rigid general principles of autonomy and justice.The Western model is aimed at action, whereas the Confucian view focuses on personal affective relations. The greatest problem with the Confucian model is its notorious paternalism; that is, it appears to fail to pay sufficient attention to the potential conflict between patient and physician about the good, ignoring the issue of patient autonomy. In the modern Western tradition, the model of the physician-patient relationship is based on two self-sufficient agents (patient and physician) who are united in pursuing a certain good, where each is the final source of what is good for him- or herself. However, the real physician-patient encounter demands a deeper commitment between the two than this model suggests. When entering a physician-patient relationship, what the patient seeks is care from the physician, not autonomy. That is to say, the patient first of all trusts the physician. To earn that trust, it is not enough that the physician treat the patient based only on the principle of autonomy or what the patient requires. Rather, a deep attachment – analogous to a familial relationship – must be developed that can serve as the basis of the encounter between the patient and physician. The Confucian physician-patient model, which is rooted in such a relationship, does not contrast but rather complements its Western counterpart.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 564 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

Music and Theory: Reflecting on Outcomes-Based Assessment

I once read that the music we listen to during our high school and college years is the music that most resonates with us throughout our lifespan. I would suggest as well that the theory we encounter during a doctoral program will continue to resonate throughout our professional lives. This certainly has been true for me, and, in my case, there is congruence between the music and the theory, making for an even deeper attachment. In this presentation I will explore that attachment and also question it, giving voice to conflicting arguments and trying to resolve them. The internal dialogue made audible here was generated by the current intense focus on outcomes-based assessment in education.