Decrements In Satisfaction Research Articles

The Magnitude and Associated Factors of Consistent Condom Utilization Among ART Users in Hawassa City, Sidama, Ethiopia.

BackgroundAntiretroviral therapy (ART) introduction has sharply decreased mortality and morbidity rates among HIV-infected patients and resulted in longer and healthier lives among people living with HIV. Hence, the aim of this study is to determine the level of consistent condom use and associated factors among ART users in Hawassa City.MethodsCross-sectional study design triangulated with qualitative phenomenology was used. One hospital and one health center were selected by simple random sampling and proportional to size allocation was used to assign participants to each health facility. Accordingly, 358 study subjects were selected. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval was used to implicate significant factors. Thematic content analysis was used and narrative report writing with a quote was used to present qualitative data.ResultsThe prevalence of consistent condom utilization in this study was 51.4%. Sex (AOR= 4.20, 95% CI: 2.386, 7.41), residence (AOR=3.55, 95% CI: 1.81, 6.99) educational status (AOR=0.4, 95% CI: 0.196, 0.946), perception on ART’s does not reduction of HIV transmission (AOR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.43), rate of counseling (AOR=0.37, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.84) and use condom to prevent pregnancy (AOR=4.53, 95% CI: 2.11, 9.73) were found to be independent predictors of consistent condom utilization among ART users. Refusal by husbands, decrement in satisfaction, gender difference with more women than men willing to use consistently and religious reasons were factors associated with inconsistent condom utilization in the qualitative study.Conclusion and RecommendationConsistent condom utilization among ART users was low. Sex, residence, educational status, perception towards ART were significantly associated with consistent condom utilization. Moreover, husband refusal, religious reason, decrement in satisfaction on the qualitative study were associated with non-consistent use of a condom. The importance of consistent condom use should be well addressed in HIV/AIDS patients, to prevent transmission and multiple infections of HIV.

What Is the Health and Well-Being Burden for Parents Living With a Child With ADHD in the United Kingdom?

Objective: To explore the burden associated with childhood ADHD in a large observational study. Methods: We recruited familes with at least one child (6-18 years) with ADHD via 15 NHS trusts in the UK, and collected data from all family members. We made careful adjustments to ensure a like-for-like comparison with two different control groups, and explored the impact of controlling for a positive parental/carer ADHD screen, employment, and relationship status. Results: We found significant negative impacts of childhood ADHD on parents’/carers’ hours and quality of sleep, satisfaction with leisure time, and health-related quality of life (measured by the EuroQol-5D [EQ-5D]). We found a decrement in life satisfaction, mental well-being (as measured by the Short–Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale [S-WEMWBS]), and satisfaction with intimate relationships, but this was not always robust across the different control groups. We did not find any decrement in satisfaction with health, self-reported health status, or satisfaction with income. Conclusion: The study quantifies the impact on the health and well-being of parents living with a child with ADHD using a survey of families attending ADHD clinics in the United Kingdom.

Personal Pornography Viewing and Sexual Satisfaction: A Quadratic Analysis

ABSTRACTPersonal pornography viewing has been associated with lower sexual satisfaction in both experimental and observational research. The language used to hypothesize this relationship typically suggests that it is frequent viewing, rather than infrequent or only occasional viewing, that is responsible for any adverse effects. When the nature of the relationship between a predictor and a criterion depends on the levels of the predictor, a curvilinear relationship is indicated. Nevertheless, studies have assumed linearity in their analytical approach. Curvilinear relationships will go undetected unless they are specifically tested. This article presents results from a survey of approximately 1,500 U.S. adults. Quadratic analyses indicated a curvilinear relationship between personal pornography viewing and sexual satisfaction in the form of a predominately negative, concave downward curve. The nature of the curvilinearity did not differ as a function of participants' gender, relationship status, or religiosity. But the negative acceleration was slightly more pronounced for men than for women, for people not in a relationship than for people in a relationship, and for religious people than for nonreligious people. For all groups, negative simple slopes were present when viewing reached once a month or more. These results are correlational only. However, if an effects perspective were adopted, it would suggest that consuming pornography less than once a month has little or no impact on satisfaction, that reductions in satisfaction tend to initiate once viewing reaches once a month, and that additional increases in the frequency of viewing lead to disproportionately larger decrements in satisfaction.

Willing to wait?: The influence of patient wait time on satisfaction with primary care

BackgroundThis study examined the relationship between patient waiting time and willingness to return for care and patient satisfaction ratings with primary care physicians.MethodsCross-sectional survey data on a convenience sample of 5,030 patients who rated their physicians on a web-based survey developed to collect detailed information on patient experiences with health care. The survey included self-reported information on wait times, time spent with doctor, and patient satisfaction.ResultsLonger waiting times were associated with lower patient satisfaction (p < 0.05), however, time spent with the physician was the strongest predictor of patient satisfaction. The decrement in satisfaction associated with long waiting times is substantially reduced with increased time spent with the physician (5 minutes or more). Importantly, the combination of long waiting time to see the doctor and having a short doctor visit is associated with very low overall patient satisfaction.ConclusionThe time spent with the physician is a stronger predictor of patient satisfaction than is the time spent in the waiting room. These results suggest that shortening patient waiting times at the expense of time spent with the patient to improve patient satisfaction scores would be counter-productive.

Effects of a military overseas peacekeeping deployment on marital quality, satisfaction, and stability.

Changes in self-reported soldier marital satisfaction and marital quality were assessed at three points in time, 1994-1997, before, during, and after a 1995 peacekeeping deployment of approximately 100 married soldiers to the Sinai peninsula. Analysis shows a moderate decline in marital satisfaction during the deployment (effect size of 0.27-0.29) but no overall change in the long term. Marital quality did not change significantly over time. Marital stability rates were especially low for soldiers who reported that their marriage was in trouble prior to the deployment. It appears that stable marriages can survive 6-mo. deployments without long-term decrements in satisfaction or quality. How many couples will continue to accept voluntarily a military lifestyle that requires frequent sacrifices of marital satisfaction as may occur during separations and deployments remains an open question, even though intentions for retention did not appear correlated with marital satisfaction or changes in marital satisfaction over the deployment in this study.

The impact of dependent-care responsibility and gender on work attitudes.

On the basis of a survey of 18,120 federal employees in dual-income households, six 5-stage hierarchical multiple regression analyses, controlling for 10 demographic variables, assessed the impact of child care, elder care, and gender on work-family balance and various facets of job satisfaction. Elder-care responsibility was associated with lower levels of satisfaction with perceived organizational support, pay, leave benefits, and work-family balance, whereas the negative main effects of child care were limited to leave benefits and work-family balance. However, child-care responsibility also interacted with gender: Its negative influence was greater on women's work-family balance and leave satisfaction. Decrements in satisfaction associated with dependent care on the "sandwich generation" were additive, not interactive.

Cohabitation with the Future Spouse: Its Influence upon Marital Satisfaction and Communication

The relationship between cohabitation and subsequent marital quality was investigated with data from 309 recently married couples. Having cohabited premaritally was associated with significantly lower perceived quality of communication for wives and significantly lower marital satisfaction for both spouses. After controlling for sex-role traditionalism, church attendance, and other sociocultural differences between cohabitors and noncohabitors, having cohabited was still associated with slightly lower satisfaction for husbands and wives. The decrement in satisfaction associated with cohabitation is not accounted for either by differential commitment to marital permanence or by the greater amount of time in which cohabitors have been intimately involved.

The Effect of Employment Status Change on Self-Attitudes

A theoretical model of the effect of status change on selfattitudes is developed. The model predicts that the effect is conditional upon (1) the amount of concomitant change in social role performance, (2) the relative importance of the status change to the individual, and (3) the individual's attribution of cause for the status change. Using data from a national panel survey, a longitudinal analysis of the effect ofjob loss on satisfaction with self produces results consistent with the modeVs predictions. Becoming does lead to greater dissatisfaction with self. This dissatisfaction is accentuated by (1) concomitant change in familial role performance (indicated by level ofhousework activity and relative contribution to family income), (2) the unavailability of alternative roles and prior achievements, and (3) the lack of an external locus of cause to which to attribute job loss (level oflocal area unemployment). Furthermore, with reemployment, the decrement in satisfaction with self initially experienced with unemployment is removed, after taking into account residual effects ofunemployment on familial role performance. An analysis ofthe effect of employment status change on attitudes toward self requires an understanding of the process by which an individual translates a change in his objective environment into a subjective judgment of self-worth. At the center of this process is a change in self-concept, the attitudinal object. Whether this change in self-concept from employed worker to unemployed produces a negative self-attitude depends on several cognitive factors. First, the effect is conditional upon the relative importance of employ? ment status in the individual's selfconcept. Although there is undoubtedly idiosyncratic variation in the importance of employment status among individuals, we may expect systematic differences in the importance of this particular component of the self-concept. Such systematic differences between subgroups of the population result from (1) differences in