Decrease In Water Quality Research Articles

Love thy neighbour: Feral buffalos show greater space use, resource overlap and encounters during the wet season in the Northern Territory.

Managing feral water buffalo in the Northern Territory is a formidable challenge. As an introduced species, buffalo are associated with a myriad of biosecurity, economic, cultural and environmental issues ranging from overgrazing, decreased water quality, disease vectors to the destruction of cultural assets. Nevertheless, the buffalo are also a harvestable resource that can support economic development of the region. To mitigate some of the biosecurity, economic, cultural and environmental risks they pose and manage buffalo effectively, we need a detailed understanding of their spatial and behavioural ecology. However, several factors make understanding how best to manage the dense populations of wild individuals challenging as buffalo inhabit remote areas with limited infrastructure and accessibility and their large size and often aggressive nature can make them difficult to observe in otherwise inaccessible areas. GPS tracking allows for high-frequency data collection and surveillance of individual buffalo. Here, we investigated how the different seasonal periods of a Northern Territory floodplain area shaped patterns of habitat use for 17 buffalo tracked over 16 months. We found in the dry season, buffalo space use is restricted, and the size of home ranges are significantly smaller than in the wet season. During the wet season, buffalo expand their home range area as well as their social encounter area with other buffalo. These differences in their space use and social patterns suggest that increased disease surveillance may be needed for the wet season when buffalo are more likely to share space and interact. During the dry season, however, buffalo movement is more predictable and restricted, suggesting greater optimisation opportunities for buffalo management. Results from these models can be used by land holders, Traditional Owners and wildlife managers to make evidence-based decisions to improve buffalo management with respect to disease risk, sustainable harvest and damage to environmental and cultural assets.

Estimation of the ecological integrity of the Guadiana River using Partial Least Squares Path Modelling and simulation scenarios

Ecological integrity is fundamental to human life and ecosystems, so its assessment and management are crucial. This concept assesses ecosystem health by examining physico-chemical and biological characteristics, riparian vegetation and macroinvertebrate communities. In recent decades, water resources have undergone significant changes due to various factors that have contributed to the physical, chemical and biological pollution of water. To address this problem, a specific model has been developed using the Partial Least Squares Path Modelling methodology to analyse and quantify the main factors affecting the ecological integrity of the Spanish part of the Guadiana River (Spain). The variables analysed at the different sampling points in the catchment include forest cover, anthropogenic pressure, water quality and biological integrity. Water quality and biological integrity, in turn, constitute the concept of ecological integrity. The model predicts 60.3 % of the physico-chemical water quality and 56.6 % of the biological integrity, showing that ¨Forest cover¨ negatively impacts water quality (W = −0.476) by reducing pollution, while ¨Anthropogenic Pressure¨ positively impacts it (W = 0.680) by increasing pollution. Based on the modelling, three future scenarios were designed, from the lowest to the highest pressure considering changes in riparian forest quality based on QBR and changes in the number of reservoirs: a favourable scenario with high riparian forest quality and no reservoirs; an intermediate scenario with good riparian forest quality and no change in the number of reservoirs; and an unfavourable scenario, characterised by very poor riparian forest quality and an increase in the number of reservoirs. In this context, the importance of the conservation and enhancement of riparian vegetation as a nature-based solution is highlighted, as well as the pressure generated by industrial activity and agricultural practices on the ecological integrity of the study area. The favourable scenario, with very good quality riparian vegetation, improves water quality by up to 85 %, positively impacting the ecological integrity of the river. In contrast, the unfavourable scenario, with extremely degraded riparian forest, would decrease water quality by up to 62 %, negatively affecting ecological integrity. Modelling and future scenarios is an essential tool in the decision-making process to improve environmental governance and water security. In addition, the PLS-PM methodology allows the identification and quantification of relationships between complex variables, providing a solid basis for the design of effective environmental management strategies.

The Impact of Gold Mining Activities on the Environment and Community in Nagari Tambang, IV Jurai District, South Pesisir District

Nagari Tambang has an area of 14.97 𝐾𝑚2 . The population consists of 1,948 1,030 men and 918 women. Population density 130.12 per 𝐾𝑚2 . The types of mining in Nagari Tambang are coal, gold, and sirtukil. The coal mine is no longer operating, but gold and copper are still active. The local community carries out this mining activity. Problem activity mining will have an impact: the increased threat of landslides, loss of ground cover vegetation, soil erosion, increased sedimentation, decreased water quality, reduced forest area due to mining that has penetrated the forest, seawater pollution due to coal barge loading and unloading activities, as well as impacts on existing biota around the sea. Meanwhile, the effects on society include Washing waste, hazardous substances for human health, and environmental damage caused by mining. Research methods carried out are quantitative. The research location is in Nagari Tambang, IV Jurai District, Pesisir Selatan Regency. The research population is people living in Nagari Tambang, IV Jurai District, Pesisir Selatan Regency. Samples were taken purposively. Research results: 1. The Impact activity mining gold on the environment is: decreasing the quality environment, because impact of mining gold carried by the people of Nagari Tambang. Such as: a). Morphology land changed namely: layers soil, color land, structure soil, and consistency land. b). River water discharge is reduced Because water catchment in the hills Already decrease and amount plants stand forests is also decreasing. c). Public health is disturbed, such as their skin becoming dry and itchy and there are problems with their breathing. d). Haven't done it yet waste water treatment remainder from the separation process gold with material other. 2. Impact activity mining gold to society: a). Decreased interaction social with the community, b) Many young people in Nagari Tambang do not continue education to Higher Education, c). Life public No increase in a way significant, because mining use method traditional Not yet there is a business entity.

Pengaruh Cangkang Pomacea canaliculata L Terhadap Sifat Fisika dan Kimia Air Sungai Cisadane

The Cisadane River is a very important ecosystem for the people of the city of Tangerang. Its utilization has the potential to produce waste that can damage aquatic life so that it becomes one of the sources of the problem of decreasing water quality both physically and chemically. One of the efforts made to overcome the problem of Cisadane river water is to use water purifiers derived from natural materials so that they do not endanger health and can bind heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding snail shells to the water quality of the Cisadane river in industrial areas, urban areas and slums in terms pH value, TDS value and Pb heavy metal. The experimental procedures in this study were snail shell preparation, Cisadane river water sampling, sample analysis before application, snail shell powder application, and sample analysis after application. The results of analys show that the clarity level of Cisadane river water ranges from 19 NTU to 59 NTU, the pH value ranges from 7.2 to 7.9, the TDS value ranges from 60 mg/l to 170 mg/l and the heavy metal content is 0.0047 mg /l. The conclusion of this research is that there is an increase in the level of clarity with the addition of snail shells by 45%, there is not visible effect of the snail shells addition’s on the pH value and content of Pb heavy metal. And there is an increase in the TDS value after adding snail shells.

Spatial and temporal patterns of diffuse attenuation coefficient in Guánica, Puerto Rico: 15 years after development of a watershed management plan

Decreased water quality in coastal environments due to land alterations by human activities has caused stressed and degraded coral reefs worldwide. The consequences of decreased water quality are not limited to coral reefs but also affect the quality of people’s lives by increasing the incidence of diseases, so areas highly impacted have been prioritized for management. The Guánica Bay Watershed Management Plan was developed to reduce the non-point sources of pollution that arrive at the bay and to protect adjacent coral reefs, however, 15 years have passed since its creation and management actions have not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the management actions implemented in the Guánica Bay watershed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe temporal trends (2002–2008 and 2016–2022) of remotely sensed diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm (Kd490), a water quality indicator, in one managed (Guánica Bay) and three non-managed (Guayanilla Bay, Descalabrado River, and Guanajibo River) estuaries in Southwestern Puerto Rico. This was achieved by integrating ocean-color satellite imagery from MERIS-Envisat and OLCI-Sentinel-3 sensors that were sampled using a beyond-Before-After-Control-Impact (beyond-BACI) approach. An additional oceanic site was selected to evaluate continuity between sensors estimates. The imagery was processed using SNAP to extract Kd490 values in the estuaries. The analysis for the beyond-BACI found significant differences between periods (before and after) but the changes were unique to each location within estuary. The lowest Kd490 values and variability within estuary was observed in Guánica (range 0.05–0.1 m-1) and the highest Kd490 values were observed in Guayanilla (0.35 m-1). The southern estuaries showed similar temporal trends, all having a peak in 2018 and a trough in 2020. Kd490 did not decrease in Guánica after the implementation of management actions, which can be related to the passage of several hurricanes during the after period. Further analysis should be done as new data is available and after the implementation of the last management actions suggested in the plan.

Survival implications of diversion entrainment for out‐migrating juvenile Chinook Salmon and steelhead

AbstractObjectiveEfforts to ameliorate the negative effects of diversion dams on aquatic species of concern are important in rivers where water withdrawal supports agricultural economies, and they are likely to become increasingly important with impending climate change. A multi‐year study was conducted to evaluate the survival consequences of diversion dam passage for juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss in the highly managed Yakima River, Washington. Canal entrainment and passage were evaluated at four diversion dams in the lower Yakima River where seaward‐migrating juvenile salmon and steelhead either pass dams via spill bays or enter canals with downstream fish‐screening facilities designed to collect entrained fish and return them to the main‐stem river.MethodsWe used acoustic telemetry to monitor the downstream migration behavior of 4403 juvenile Chinook Salmon and steelhead during 2018–2021.ResultPercent entrainment into canals was substantial (6–59%) at three of the four diversion dams studied, and entrainment probability was positively associated with the proportion of streamflow diverted into canals. Survival probability estimates for groups of tagged fish that were entrained into canals were lower than survival probability estimates for tagged fish that passed through spill bays on the dams. Absolute differences in survival probabilities between routes ranged from 0.099 to 0.369, demonstrating that canal entrainment reduced the survival of outmigrating juvenile Chinook Salmon and steelhead. We also found that entrainment resulted in migration delays, which could further affect survival because fish are increasingly exposed to predation and decreased water quality as water temperature increases throughout the migration season.ConclusionCanal entrainment resulted in increased mortality and travel time through the study area, highlighting the need to limit the entrainment of juvenile salmon and steelhead at diversion dams in rivers where salmon recovery is important.

Dampak Adanya Pertumbuhan Eceng Gondok dalam Skala Besar Terhadap Ekosistem di Kawasan Danau Toba

Lake Toba, as one of Indonesia's natural wonders, is experiencing serious challenges related to environmental damage and water pollution caused by the large-scale growth of water hyacinth. The growth of water hyacinth is the result of irresponsible human activities, such as the disposal of domestic, industrial, agricultural and other waste that enriches nutrients in lakes. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of large-scale water hyacinth growth in Lake Toba on the lake ecosystem. By using B.F.'s behavioral theory. Skinner as a framework, this research identifies human behaviors that contribute to water hyacinth growth and evaluates interventions that may be needed to address this problem. The research method used is library and literature study, with behavioral theory analysis to understand the relationship between stimulus and response in the context of water hyacinth growth. The research results show that human behavior, such as waste disposal and daily activities, plays an important role in the growth of water hyacinth in Lake Toba. The negative impacts of growing water hyacinth include decreasing water quality, increasing nutrient content, and disturbing animal life in the lake. By better understanding the factors that influence the growth of water hyacinth and its impacts, it is hoped that more effective interventions can be designed to maintain the sustainability of the Lake Toba ecosystem.

Indications that fishers perceive socio-environmental problems related to hydroelectric plants in the Tocantins river, Brazil

Hydroelectric dams (HEDs) cause significant socio-environmental damage such as reduced fish diversity, population displacement and health problems. The fishers have extensive local ecological knowledge that can be used to improve understanding of the impacts of HEDs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to verify and evaluate the perceptions of fishers about the impacts caused by the HEDs in the Tocantins River. For this, 25 fishers were interviewed using a questionnaire with 22 questions. Data analyses were performed considering descriptive analysis of the responses. There was convergence in the responses of fishers who perceived the decrease in fish diversity after the construction of the HEDs, including fish of commercial interest, which is linked to a decrease in income and decreased food security for these families. In addition, the fishers noted symptoms that may be a consequence of mercury contamination, and diarrhea as a possible consequence of decreased water quality. Despite all these socio-environmental losses, the fishers report a lack of prior consultation, and low representativeness and transparency in the decision-making process that preceded the construction of HEDs. In general, the fishers perceived themselves as being strongly affected from the socio-environmental point of view and do not cite any benefits offered to the community from these projects.

Monitoring drought using explainable statistical machine learning models

Droughts have a wide range of effects, from ecosystems failing and crops dying, to increased illness and decreased water quality. Drought prediction is important because it can help communities, businesses, and governments plan and prepare for these detrimental effects. This study predicts drought conditions by using predictable weather patterns in machine learning models. The model utilized factors such as wind speed, temperature, and humidity to better understand the importance of certain features in drought prediction. We hypothesized that explainable machine learning models can effectively forecast future drought severity. Results of experiments with a public domain data set showed that explainable statistical machine learning models predict drought severity with average precision and recall values of 0.55 and 0.56, respectively. We identified a subset of meteorological indicators as major contributors to predicting the occurrence of drought. The experiments used K- nearest neighbors (KNN) and random forest algorithms to predict drought severity. The random forest algorithm achieved the highest accuracy at 200 trees and 30 depth, while KNN achieved the highest accuracy when K was set to one. Feature importance analysis showed that surface pressure, temperature range at two meters, and maximum temperature at two meters were the most important features. In conclusion, statistical machine learning models provide insights into factors that impact drought and can enable researchers to identify steps to prevent natural disasters.

Techno-Economic Study on the Application of Reverse Osmosis Technology in the Process of Boiler Feed Water Demineralization PT Puncak Jaya Power 3x65 MW

The quality of boiler feed water in a Coal Power Plant generation (PLTU) needs to be considered to avoid corrosion and deposits (scale) on process equipment. Decreased water quality causes several disturbances as such disruption of power plant operations and also regeneration of the ion exchange unit is required quite frequently. This study aims to evaluate the performance of boiler feed water demineralization system with the addition of RO unit and the effect of implementing RO system on chemical consumption in demineralizer regeneration process, as well as determine long-term economic benefits. The research was conducted in the demineralization building area of PLTU PT Puncak Jaya Power 3x65 MW, a power plant owned by PT Freeport Indonesia, located in Amamapare Village, Timika, Papua. This research is divided into two phases: technical evaluation based on research data that will be optimized using the Water Application Value Engine® (WAVE) software, and economic evaluation. Good results are obtained by adding an RO unit to the boiler feed water demineralization unit. Its application allows reducing operating costs and implementing higher level water treatment automation. The chosen RO module configuration is 2 stages with 6 vessels, offering several advantages: % recovery = 70%, high average flux = 22.5 Liters/m2/hour, longer membrane life with the additional filter, reduced load in the first stage. The results of the economic evaluation indicate that the reduction in chemical consumption for ion exchange regenerant will yield 218% return on investment (ROI) with an amortization period of two years.

Monitoring coastal water quality using trios ramses hyperspectral reflectance data

The coastal area is very strategic as the center of national economic activity. Coastal areas that have strategic value from the potential of aquatic resources and environmental services, among others, are located on the northern coast of the Java Sea, one of which is Muaragembong. The Muaragembong coast in general has a problem of decreasing water quality. One of the water quality parameters that is often used to measure conditions in the field is Total Suspended Solid (TSS). Monitoring the concentration of TSS in a waters can be done through an approach, namely the development of an empirical model using remote sensing data. In addition to satellite imagery data, remote sensing data can also be performed by measuring the spectral reflection of an aquatic object using a tool called a radiometer. This study aims to build an empirical model using TRIO RAMSES data which is simulated into a combination of wavelengths from the Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8 bands to be able to estimate TSS concentrations in waters.The results showed that Reflectance Remote Sensing (Rrs) from TRIOS RAMSES data which was simulated into the wavelength range of Sentinel 2A image data was able to build an empirical model using multivariate band combinations. The results obtained on Sentinel 2 imagery show an R2 value of 0.68 and RMSE 113.04 mg/L.

Kontribusi Budidaya Keramba Jaring Apung terhadap Peningkatan Faktor Pembatas Fosfor dan Nitrogen di Ekosistem Waduk Pulau Jawa

Floating net cage (KJA) cultivation activities have had a significant impact on the community, especially in terms of providing food, increasing employment opportunities and economic growth in the surrounding area. However, we need to realize that KJA has negative impacts that can affect water quality and community activities. Article reviews aims to determine the contribution of phosphorus and nitrogen as limiting factors in reservoir ecosystems due to floating net cages and identify methods that can reduce their negative impacts. KJA activities cause an increase in excessive accumulation of phosphorus and nitrogen in reservoir waters, which comes from food waste and fish metabolism. In addition, the KJA population that fills the reservoir's capacity provides a significant contribution to this increase. The impact of this accumulation is an increased potential for eutrophication, which can damage aquatic ecosystems by causing excessive growth of algae and air plants and decreasing water quality. This is a serious problem that can endanger fisheries cultivation in reservoir waters. Therefore, there are various strategies that can be implemented. This includes implementing stricter regulations regarding KJA practices, educational efforts for cultivators, as well as anti-collaboration between stakeholders (pentahelix). Therefore, the use of cleaning organisms and the use of innovative technology can also be an effective solution in preserving the aquatic environment.

Analysis of Water Quality Pollution Index Asahan river in Tanjungbalai City

The Asahan River, located in the Tanjungbalai city area, is used for plantation, agriculture, animal husbandry activities, toilet washing facilities, hospitals, hotels, settlements, and industry causing the decrease water quality of Asahan River. The purpose of this study was to analyze the water quality and status of the Asahan River water quality in the Tanjungbalai City Area and develop a pollution control strategy that needs to be implemented to prevent a decrease in the Asahan River water quality in the Tanjungbalai City Area. Purposive sampling technique as used to determine the sampling station. In this study, there were 6 sampling stations based on the activities of the local community with 3 repetitions of sampling. The data analysis techniques from this study are Water Quality Analysis using the Pollution Index (IP) Method and Water Pollution Control Strategy Analysis. The results of water quality analysis based on the pollution index on Asahan river water in Tanjungbalai City show that the average water pollution index is in the moderately polluted category. The maximum of river water pollution index results were at station 2 is 9,086 and the minimum of river water pollution index results were at station 5 is 6,111.Water pollution occurs due to the parameters of phosphate, detergent, oil and grease, and total coliform which have exceeded the quality standard threshold based on Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of the year 2022 concerning Management of Water Quality and Control of Class I Water Pollution.Keywords:Asahan RiverWater pollution IndexWater Quality

Desain Lembar Kerja Praktikum Berbasis Masalah untuk Menunjang Keterampilan Proses Sains (KPS) pada Materi Kualitas Perairan

Industrial activities can increase waste discharge which has an impact on reducing water quality. Decreasing water quality requires methods for solving problems. The development of problem solving abilities can be improved in practical activities. In practical learning, students are expected to be able to reconstruct concepts through solving problems, so they can develop science process skills. These practical activities can be facilitated using problem-based practical worksheets. The aim of this research is to design problem-based practicum worksheets to support students' science process skills related to preliminary studies, product development design, validity testing, and student responses to small-scale testing. The type of research used is development research using the Borg & Gall model to small scale trials. This research was carried out from July to August 2023. The data collection techniques used in this research were interviews and giving questionnaires. The instruments used in this research were an interview guide sheet, a questionnaire sheet for product validation, and a student response questionnaire sheet. Next, the data was analyzed descriptively. Based on the research results, it can be seen that the practicum worksheet that was developed began with a preliminary study regarding the need for problem-based practicum worksheets on water quality material. The design developed is based on problem-based practical worksheet components that have been validated by two experts. Furthermore, a small-scale trial was carried out which showed that the material aspects were categorized as very good, the graphics were categorized as good, and the language was categorized as very good. Thus, the results of this development can be continued in large-scale tests and can be implemented in the practical learning process.

Penentuan Status Mutu Air Sungai Wrati Pasuruan Jawa Timur dengan Indeks Kualitas Air

The Wrati River is located in Pasuruan Regency. This river crosses three sub-districts and six sub-districts, with a total distance of 13.6 kilometers. The subdistrict through which this river passes has land use for household, agricultural, and industrial purposes. These activities hurt rivers, causing pollution and decreasing water quality. Determining water quality status is very important to understand the suitability of river water for various purposes. Understanding water quality can be fundamental information for managing and preventing river pollution. The pollutant index approach used in this research refers to the guidelines in the Decree of the Minister of the Environment Number 115 of 2003. The research results show that the water quality of the Wrati River from upstream to downstream is included in the lightly polluted category at each sampling point, with an index value of 4.94. The main factor causing light pollution in Wrati River water is the excessive phosphate content and other parameters that exceed the specified quality standards. Based on the findings of this research, waste management efforts need to be made to improve the quality of this river water.

The Impact of Household Waste on Environmental Pollution in Negeri Passo, Baguala District, Ambon City

Household waste or garbage comes from daily household activities that do not include feces or specific waste. Household waste can affect environmental pollution through decreased water quality, which will affect the level of health of others. On that basis, the author conducted a study to determine the Impact of Household Waste on Environmental Pollution in Negeri Passo, Baguala District, Ambon City. In this study, using the Qualitative Descriptive Research Type, the data collection techniques are observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques researchers obtain data from the field, which are analyzed according to the categories of data collected, namely observation/observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that the impact of the waste significantly affects the poor air quality near the waste, which can hurt the surrounding community by creating an unpleasant odor and creating many flies in the area, especially during the rainy season. Meanwhile, based on the results of laboratory tests to determine water quality, it was found that the results of the three water sources tested had very high E-coli. The furthest source (A) was 2.0, the slightly closest source (B) was 6.8, and the closest source (C) was 12.

Kajian kualitas air dan strategi pengelolaan Rawa Jombor, Klaten, Jawa Tengah

Rawa Jombor is a semiartificial reservoir whose contruction are works for serving the needs of irrigation in the dry season and as a floading control in the rainy season. Rawa Jombor also used for fish farming and floating restaurant by the community. The existence of the cages and floating restaurant can have a negative impact to the aquatic environment due to the disposal of waste and leftover food and metabolism that is deposited at the bottom of the water. This study aims to analyze the water quality, pollution levels and to develop a management strategy of Rawa Jombor. Water quality is measured at 9 sampling point determined by purposive sampling based on the use of Rawa Jombor. Pollution level is analized uses pollution index and the management strategy uses analytical Herarchy Process. The results show that Rawa Jombor has decreased water quality marked by several parameters that do not meet the class III of water quality standards according to Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001. Rawa Jombor is included in the category of mildly polluted in areas without activity, floating restaurant and fish cage for water allotment class I, II, III and IV with an average pollution index ranging from 1,02 to 2,886. To maintain the continuity of the Rawa Jombor, a management strategy with priority on the economic aspects is needed with the development of the Rawa Jombor for sustainable fisheries.

Test the Effectiveness of Eco-Enzyme Bioremediation as a Reducing Agent for Natural Stone Waste on Rice Plant Productivity and Water Quality in Dukupuntang District

Water is a natural resource that is needed for all living things. Likewise with the river used for irrigation of agricultural land. The Cigayem River is located in Dukupuntang District, Cirebon Regency. Above the river there are many natural stone cottage industries. The processing of natural stone into decorative stone requires a lot of water for its processing, so that a lot of river water in this area is polluted from this home industry activity. The waste is in the form of powder cut from natural stone with water which is directly channeled into irrigation canals without being processed first. The effect is siltation of irrigation canals and decreased water quality. This decrease in water quality has an impact on rice productivity in heavily affected areas. Pollution that occurs in irrigation canals in the study area can be identified by physical changes such as color and other impacts such as decreased productivity of rice yields in the study area since the establishment of the natural stone industry. The decline in rice productivity will threaten the sustainability of rice farming in central areas. Wastewater treatment technology has been developed a lot, but not all home industries can carry out waste treatment at a high cost. Eco enzyme can be a solution to waste pollution that pollutes rivers at a relatively low cost, easy to obtain and sustainable because all materials do not contain harmful chemicals and residues.

Causes and effects of Shisper glacial lake outburst flood event in Karakoram in 2022

Karakoram Himalayas are vulnerable to glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), which cause catastrophic floods in the surrounding areas. The increasing natural and anthropogenic activities, especially in the Indo-Gangetic Plains at the southern flank of the towering Himalayas, could be the cause of climate change affecting the frequency of the natural hazards in the Himalayas. In the present study, a detailed analysis of the Shisper Lake breach of 7 May 2022 is carried out using satellite remote sensing. A decreasing trend in the glacial mass balance is observed between 2017 and 2021; in this period, frequent GLOF episodes occurred. A pronounced decline in the snow cover and glacial debris (before the cascade) and an abnormal increase in land surface temperature (LST) retrieved from satellite data could be responsible for the enhanced snow/glacial melting prior to the breach. Alteration in glacial mobility (cm/12 days) is observed at the locations where the glacier melts due to an increase in LST with increased debris cover. In the paper, we have studied changes in water quality and land cover along the stream after the GLOF. An increment in normalized difference turbidity index (NDTI) is observed before the flood showing turbulence and sediment load. Increased glacial melt contribution into the stream results in increased flow rate and decreased water quality as observed through normalized difference water index (NDWI) and normalized difference chlorophyll index (NDCI), near the Karakoram Highway Bridge. Sentinel-1 backscatter coefficient indicates increased discharge from the melting of glaciers. A significant reduction in co-flood coherence is observed, attributed to the bridge collapse and severe bank erosion.

Impact of Coastal Reclamation on Seagrass Habitat in Palu Bay, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Coastal development by conducting reclamation for various uses, for example port construction and operations, is a growing threat to coastal ecosystems including seagrass meadows. For several decades, reclamation for coastal development in Palu Bay has included port construction or extension of single-purpose privately owned port facilities as well as public shipping ports. In addition, reclamation was carried out to provide land for the construction of hotels, housing, recreational areas and coastal protection. The majority of private port terminals are owned by mining companies exporting rock and aggregate from around Palu Bay. There are many quarries in the mountains along the western coast of Palu Bay, and alluvial materials around several rivers along the eastern shore are also exploited. The purpose of this study was to analyse the impact of reclamation on seagrass habitat in Palu Bay, especially the private ports, which the dominant reclamation purposes conducted in this area. This study found about 66 ports around Palu Bay, the majority privately owned by mining companies operating in Palu City and Donggala Regency. The effects of reclamation include reduced seagrass habitat and decreased water quality.