Decrease In Response Time Research Articles

The differences response of massage types with variation massage pressure on running speed in POPDA Sleman athletics

This study aims to improve the athlete's performance from the physiological aspect by knowing the differences in the response of sport massage and swedish massage with variations in pressure (light, medium, and heavy) on the hind limbs a 30 m running speed taken four times. This research is a quasi-experimental design, with the research subjects of POPDA Sleman athletic athletes with sample of 20 people. The sample was divided by matching pairs with the aim of both groups getting a balanced power. The treatments used are sports massage with movement manipulation (effleurage, tapotement, shaking/vibration) and swedish massage with movement manipulation (drainage, compression, tapotement, shaking/vibration) with pressure variation. The results showed that there were differences in the effect/good response of the type of sports massage treatment (group x) with moderate pressure. This is evidenced by the results of an increase in record time by an average of 0.36 seconds. Treatment of light pressure increased record time by an average of 0.28 seconds. Heavy pressure treatment increased record time by an average of 0.04 seconds. There is a difference in the effect/unfavorable response of the type of swedih massage treatment (group y) with all types of pressure, because it provides a decreased response time from pretest to posttest. It is proven by the decrease in the average time of 0.16 seconds on the light pressure treatment, the decrease in the average time of 0.24 seconds on the medium pressure treatment, and a decrease of 0.34 seconds on the heavy pressure treatment.

Tunable Humidity-Sensing Performance of Graphene Oxide With Leaf-Vein-Like Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Conductive Networks

In this study, we report the humidity-sensing performance of 1,6-hexanediamine modified graphene oxide (HAGO) and functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube (fMWCNT) composites. The negatively charged fMWCNTs are randomly attached to the surface of positively charged HAGO (so-called electrostatic self-assembly), forming a leaf-vein-like conductive network. The relative resistance response of fMWCNTs/HAGO humidity sensors can be well-tuned by varying the content of fMWCNTs. The results demonstrate that the sensor based on 1:4 mass ratio of fMWCNTs/HAGO composite possesses the high relative resistance response, good repeatability and excellent stability. The decrease of mass proportion of fMWCNTs can result in the decrease of response time as well as hinder the recovery process. The resistance change of fMWCNTs/HAGO sensors over a wide range of relative humidity (35-95%) can be well fitted with the Henry-clustering model.

Enhance The Gas-Sensing Performances Of Graphene Oxide (GO) Thin Films For Detecting Nitrogen Dioxide Gas

In this work, graphene oxide (GO) synthesized via a modified Hummer method was utilized to manufacture thin films for gas sensor applications. The films were prepared on glass substrates using the spin coating technique, the concentration of GO was varied in the precursor liquid. The crystall ographic properties of the prepared GO films were analyzed using XRD and the results showed a polycrystalline structure with a crystallite size of 15.51 nm. Using the weighing method, the average film thickness was determined to be about 200 nm. UV-Vis absorption spectrometry combined with the Tauc method confirmed the indirect nature (allowed and forbidden) of electronic transitions in the samples and it also showed a decrease in the optical energy gap with an increasing amount of GO in the samples. Values for Eg ranged from 2.4 eV to 2.15 eV for allowed transitions and from 3.05 eV to 2.6 eV for forbidden transitions. Gas sensing measurements were performed using NO2 as target gas at different operating temperatures (50, 100, 200 and 300 oC), as well as four target gas concentration (100 ppm, 400 ppm, 700 ppm, and 1000 ppm) have been tested and shows the good response in the range of 10%. It can be seen that the sensitivity increases with increasing operating temperature and gas concentration. At 300 oC operating temperature response and recovery time decrease to their lowest value or 2.6 and 5 seconds, respectively.

Temperature enhanced responsivity and speed in an AlGaN/GaN metal-heterostructure-metal photodetector

An AlGaN/GaN metal-heterostructure-metal (MHM) ultraviolet (UV) photodetector employing lateral Schottky contacts was fabricated and characterized at different temperatures. As the temperature increased from 25 to 250 °C, the photoresponsivity of the MHM photodetector increased 3.5 times. This was attributed to the spontaneous-polarization-induced spatial separation of the photogenerated electrons and holes and the increased optical absorption at higher temperatures. Meanwhile, the decay time constant of the photocurrent became approximately three orders of magnitude smaller. With the enhanced photoresponsivity and the decreased response time constant, kilohertz optical switching of the MHM photodetector was recorded at 250 °C. The AlGaN/GaN MHM photodetector, sharing the same GaN-on-Si electronics platform, provides an applicable candidate for an all-GaN integrated UV sensing and amplifying system for high-temperature applications.

A secure biomedical data sharing framework based on mCloud

Medical Clouds (mCloud) utilized various wearable devices and sensors for better care for patients by encouraging the perspective of the clouds. It gives a more versatile way to centrally and in real-time compare the patients’ profiles in the conventional health-offline system. However, due to the lack of appropriate security measures in low-power computers, there are obstacles to data protection. The limitation made the data vulnerable to hacking and tamper when it transfers from one device to another. In available solutions, the devices send unencrypted data to a central server where it encrypts and forwards, on-demand, to requesting devices. There are two primary challenges in the approach: first, the data link is still vulnerable between the source device and central server; second, the response time of the server gets slower with an increasing number of devices. This manuscript proposes a secure and faster-distributed method, which shares a patient’s data by various devices connected to the mCloud with health caregivers without the need for the centralized server. The research harnesses the power of other locally available mCloud and related devices that have more computational capability. Our experimental results demonstrate that with the number increasing of mCloud devices on the network, the percentage of encrypted data transmissions also increase since there are more chances to find a nearby secure device. Results further shows a decrease in the total response time from 0.6ms to 0.4ms utilizing the proposed distributed vs centralized system.

Observed increasing water constraint on vegetation growth over the last three decades

Despite the growing interest in predicting global and regional trends in vegetation productivity in response to a changing climate, changes in water constraint on vegetation productivity (i.e., water limitations on vegetation growth) remain poorly understood. Here we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of changes in water constraint on vegetation growth in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere between 1982 and 2015. We document a significant increase in vegetation water constraint over this period. Remarkably divergent trends were found with vegetation water deficit areas significantly expanding, and water surplus areas significantly shrinking. The increase in water constraints associated with water deficit was also consistent with a decreasing response time to water scarcity, suggesting a stronger susceptibility of vegetation to drought. We also observed shortened water surplus period for water surplus areas, suggesting a shortened exposure to water surplus associated with humid conditions. These observed changes were found to be attributable to trends in temperature, solar radiation, precipitation, and atmospheric CO2. Our findings highlight the need for a more explicit consideration of the influence of water constraints on regional and global vegetation under a warming climate.

Effects of Tai Chi on the Executive Function and Physical Fitness of Female Methamphetamine Dependents: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: Exercise improves the health and mental status of drug dependents. The way by which Tai Chi (TC) as a special exercise treatment affects executive functions (EFs) of methamphetamine (MA) dependents is yet to be established. This study aimed to explore the effects of TC on the EFs and physical fitness of MA dependents.Methods: A total of 76 female MA dependents were randomly assigned to the exercise and control groups. The exercise group underwent three 60-min sessions of TC training per week for 12 weeks. The control group was trained with conventional exercises including the 9th Guang Bo Ti Cao and square dance. Physical fitness and EF assessments that evaluated inhibitory control (IC, go/no-go task), working memory (3-back task) and cognitive flexibility (switching task) were performed at baseline and at 12 weeks. A repeated-measures ANOVA was applied to analyze the differences of group and time.Results: The exercise group showed decreased response time (RT) with a significant main effect of time on the go/no-go task [F(1, 68) = 9.6, p < 0.05]. The interaction effect between time and group was significant on accuracy [F(1, 61) = 4.73, p < 0.05], and the main effect of time was significant on RT [F(1, 61) = 4.66, p < 0.05] in the 3-back task of the exercise group. Significant changes in BMI [F(1, 68) = 19.57, p < 0.05], vital capacity [F(1, 68) = 6.00, p < 0.05], and systolic blood pressure [F(1, 68) = 6.11, p < 0.05] were observed in the exercise group.Conclusion: These findings showed that 3 months of TC training can improve the IC and maintain the working memory and cognitive flexibility of MA dependents. Other data implied that TC may improve the physical fitness of MA dependents.Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn/, ChiCTR1900022091.

Working memory load reduces corticospinal suppression to former go and trained no-go cues

Environmental cues associated with an action can prime the motor system, decreasing response times and activating motor regions of the brain. However, when task goals change, the same responses to former go-associated cues are no longer required and motor priming needs to be inhibited to avoid unwanted behavioural errors. The present study tested whether the inhibition of motor system activity to presentations of former go cues is reliant on top-down, goal-directed cognitive control processes using a working memory (WM) load manipulation. Applying transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex to measure motor system activity during a Go/No-go task, we found that under low WM, corticospinal excitability was suppressed to former go and trained no-go cues relative to control cues. Under high WM, the cortical suppression to former go cues was reduced, suggesting that the underlying mechanism required executive control. Unexpectedly, we found a similar result for trained no-go cues and showed in a second experiment that the corticospinal suppression and WM effects were unrelated to local inhibitory function as indexed by short-interval intracortical inhibition. Our findings reveal that the interaction between former response cues and WM is complex and we discuss possible explanations of our findings in relation to models of response inhibition.

Development of Emergency Medical Services Amid 5 Years’ Experience at a Medical School in Thailand

BACKGROUND: The development of emergency medical services (EMSs) in Thailand is divided into two phases following the enactment of the Emergency Medical Act in 2007 aimed at making the work model more systematic. However, the amount of EMS operations has not been well studied. AIM: The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of EMS operations throughout a 5-year period. METHODS: A retrospective, single-centered study at a medical school hospital in Thailand. Data were gathered from the EMS database at Srinagarind Hospital throughout the years 2016–2020. RESULTS: A total of 10,384 EMS operations were examined over a 5-year period (2016–2020). The mean age of patients in 2016 was 40.2 ± 3.5 years, and 55.3% (n = 1178) were male. Operations were most commonly performed during the afternoon shift (4.00 p.m.–0.00 a.m.) 41.0%, 38.6%, 39.5%, 39.2%, and 50.8%, respectively. The amount of EMS members had a tendency to increase in number throughout the 5 years of study (p = 0.022). The average times from 1669 center call receipt to arrival on scene (response time) for 2016 and 2020 were 8.52 ± 2.20 min and 5.52 ± 3.02 min, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSION: The development of EMS at Srinagarind Hospital took place with an increase in the age of patients, number of operations in the afternoon shift, and EMS members, yet with a decrease in response times.

Cross Effect of Exercise, Gender and Level of Sport Expertise on Cognition: Visual Perception, Information Processing and Motor Response

To address several recommendations proposing to cross the impact of different variables on cognitive performance, the objective of this study first is to examine the impact of physical exercise variables on cognitive tasks (visual perception, information processing and motor response) at different level of training. The study was carried out on a sample of 88 participants (experts: n = 29, advanced: n = 30, novices, n = 29) performed the coding decoding test, search symbol and the lead psychomotor tester, in order to assess the variations of cognitive profile, at rest and after bout of handball exercise. The results showed, a higher level of training corresponds to a higher level in visual perception with 301ms, motor reaction time with 170ms and choice reaction time with 472ms for the expert's group, although novices have a greater range of improvement following the exercise with a respective improvement of 33% and 20.20% in search symbol and coding decoding and a respective decrease in visual perception time, motor response and choice reaction time by 16.18%, 14.42% and 14.10%. Also, the combination of the level of training and exercise attenuates differences on some sensorimotor speed performance between the two sexes. The cross effect affects positively but selectively on certain cognitive functions. Our findings enlighten the sport cognition relationship and suggest using physical and sport activity as a means of stimulating cognitive skills and student development in school and university training programs.

Determining transient heat transfer coefficient for dropwise condensation in the presence of an air flow

It is necessary to understand humid air condensation because of its various applications, such as water harvesting. In this study, the influence of airflow on the condensation heat transfer coefficient of humid air on a horizontal surface was investigated experimentally. Airflow velocities from 1 to 15 m/s were investigated, because the condensate's shedding usually happens in this range. A relative humidity of 10–80% and subcooling temperature (Tsc) of 0–10 °C were used to achieve both single-phase and condensation regimes. To study the relationship between condensate morphology and heat transfer coefficient (HTC), transient and instantaneous heat flux measurements were required. To facilitate this, a transient inverse heat conduction method was developed to characterize the time-varying surface heat flux and associated heat transfer coefficient. A 5-fold decrease in response time was found for the transient method compared to the steady-state method. The effect of condensation parameters on the heat transfer coefficient, as well as the relationship between condensate morphology and heat transfer coefficient, is discussed. The results show that HTC for the subcooling of T = 0 °C is smaller than for other temperatures. Also, the effect of RH on condensation was investigated and higher HTC was found for higher RHs. The results clearly show that the shedding of condensate kept the average droplet size low and doubled heat transfer performance improvement.

Enhancement of semantic integration reasoning by tRNS.

The right hemisphere is involved with the integrative processes necessary to achieve global coherence during reasoning and discourse processing. Specifically, the right temporal lobe has been proven to facilitate the processing of distant associate relationships, such as generating novel ideas. Previous studies showed a specific swing of alpha and gamma oscillatory activity over the right parieto-occipital lobe and the right anterior temporal lobe respectively, when people solve semantic problems with a specific strategy, i.e., insight problem-solving. In this study, we investigated the specificity of the right parietal and temporal lobes for semantic integration using transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS). We administered a set of pure semantics (i.e., Compound Remote Associates [CRA]) and visuo-semantic problems (i.e., Rebus Puzzles) to a sample of 31 healthy volunteers. Behavioral results showed that tRNS stimulation over the right temporal lobe enhances CRA accuracy (+12%), while stimulation on the right parietal lobe causesa decrease of response time on the same task (-2,100 ms). No effects were detected for Rebus Puzzles. Our findings corroborate the involvement of the right temporal and parietal lobes when solving purely semantic problems but not when they involve visuo-semantic material, also providing causal evidence for their postulated different roles in the semantic integration process and promoting tRNS as a candidate tool to boost verbal reasoning in humans.

Thematic bootstrapping: Performance differences between expert chess players and novices

Previous research has revealed that memory-based processes are one of the most consistent differences between a novice and a chess expert. The current study used a priming task in 57 adults to investigate whether priming improves the accuracy in finding the best candidate move for a given chess configuration. The stimuli were theme-based chess configurations that served as the prime and target during the procedure. Results indicated for experts that accurate processing of a prime's theme in a congruent trial results in a response priming effect, that is, more correct answers and a decrease in response time. The theoretical implications along with the possible applications of the results are discussed.

EMS operation in a female restricted university, Saudi prospective

This paper was written to explain the process and steps and to describe the experience with building a women-only operated collegiate emergency medical service (EMS) system in the largest women-only university in the world. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the EMS system described in this report is the first collegiate EMS system in the Gulf region. The concept of the collegiate EMS system at the university, the factors that mandated the creation of this system, the process steps, the challenges faced, and, finally, the reported outcome have been evaluated. The women-only campus conferred unique challenges and additional pressure during the planning and implementation stages of this project; our system had helped in decreasing response time to medical emergency, provided back up support during mass gathering events in the university, and helped in decreasing the load on other national EMS services.

Energy Efficient Resource Migration Based Load Balance Mechanism for High Traffic Applications IoT

The biggest challenge for the network service providers is the day to day advancement of technologies which makes them difficult to manage the traditional networks. This day to day advancement has worked as a motivation to vendors for developing, deploying and migrating their services, installments of new hardware, trained people and up gradation of infrastructure which involves a huge cost and time. These frequent changes demand a new network architecture which supports future technologies and solves all these issues named as the proposal of networks defined by software. A large amount of data is being generated and through the internet, we interact with the world using our smart devices such as tablets, sensors, and smartphones using the concepts of Internet of Things (IoT). Along with continuous growth and development, there is a continuous heterogenous and ever-increasing demands of services. This leads to a cause of emerging challenge of load balancing of networks for meeting up with highly demanding requirements (e.g., high performance, lower latency, high throughput, and high availability) of IoT and 5G network applications. For meeting up highly increasing demands, various proposal of load balancing techniques comes forward, in which highly dedicated balancers of loads are being required for ever service in some of them, or for every new service, manual recognition of device is required. In the conventional network, on the basis of the local information in the network, load balancing is being established. However, the production of more optimized load balancers and a global view for the network is being contained by SDN controllers. So, these well-known techniques are quite time-consuming, expensive and impractical as well as service types aren’t being considered by various existing load balancing schemes. Through this paper, researchers focus on an SDN based load balancing (SBLB) service, in which minimized response time and maximized resource utilization are being considered for the user on cloud servers. The proposed scheme is being constituted by an application module which runs along with a SDN controller and server pools that connect to the controller through SDN enabled switches. The application module contains a dynamic load balancing module, a monitoring module and a service classification module. All messages are being handled in real time and host pool are being maintained by the Controller. The performance of the proposed scheme has been validated by experimental results. Through various experiments, results are being concluded that usage of SBLB results in significant decrease in average response and reply time.

Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Go/NoGo Performance Using Food and Non-Food Stimuli in Patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome.

Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurodevelopmental genetic disorder characterized by multiple system involvement with hypotonia, poor suck with feeding difficulties, growth and other hormone deficiencies, intellectual disability, and behavioral problems with childhood onset of hyperphagia resulting in obesity, if not externally controlled. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been increasingly shown to modulate cognitive and behavioral processes in children and adults, including food-intake behaviors in patients with PWS. This study further reports the positive effects of brief tDCS sessions on Go/NoGo task performance involving food and non-food stimuli images, alterations in N2 brain amplitude, and genetic subgroup differences (maternal disomy 15, UPD; 15q11-q13 deletion, DEL) before and after tDCS as assessed by event-related potentials (ERPs) in 10 adults with PWS. The results indicate a group effect on baseline NoGo N2 amplitude in PWS patients with DEL vs UPD (p =0.046) and a decrease in NoGo N2 amplitude following tDCS (p = 0.031). Our tDCS approach also demonstrated a trend towards decreased response time. Collectively, these results replicate and expand prior work highlighting neurophysiological differences in patients with PWS according to genetic subtype and demonstrate the feasibility in examining neuromodulatory effects of tDCS on information processing in this patient population to stimulate additional research and treatment.

Nanocrystalline Oxides NixCo3−xO4: Sub-ppm H2S Sensing and Humidity Effect

In this work, p-type oxide semiconductors, Co3O4 and complex oxides NixCo3−xO4 (x = 0.04, 0.07, 0.1), were studied as materials for sub-ppm H2S sensing in the temperature range of 90–300 °C in dry and humid air. Nanocrystalline Co3O4 and NixCo3−xO4 (x = 0.04, 0.07, 0.1) were prepared by coprecipitation of cobalt and nickel oxalates from nitrate solutions and further annealing at 300 °C. The surface reactivity of the obtained materials toward H2S both in dry and humid atmosphere (relative humidity at 25 °C R.H. = 60%) was investigated using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Sensor measurements showed a decrease in sensor signal toward 1 ppm H2S with an increase in Ni content because of a decrease in chemisorbed surface oxygen species. On the other hand, sensor signal increases for all samples with increasing the relative humidity that depends on reactivity of the surface hydroxyl groups, which stimulate the decomposition of surface sulfites and provide better surface regeneration at higher temperature. This assumption was additionally confirmed by the faster saturation of the conductivity curve and a decrease in the sensor response time in humid air.

Sequence Structure Has a Differential Effect on Underlying Motor Learning Processes

Current methods to understand implicit motor sequence learning inadequately assess motor skill acquisition in daily life. Using fixed sequences in the serial reaction time task is not ideal as participants may become aware of the sequence, thereby changing the learning from implicit to explicit. Probabilistic sequences, in which stimuli are linked by statistical, rather than deterministic, associations can ensure that learning remains implicit. Additionally, the processes underlying the learning of motor sequences may differ based on sequence structure. Here, the authors compared the learning of fixed and probabilistic sequences to randomly ordered stimuli using a modified serial reaction time task. Both the fixed and probabilistic sequence groups exhibited learning as indicated by decreased response time and variability. In the initial stage of learning, fixed sequences exhibited both online and offline gains in response time; however, only the offline gain was observed during the learning of probabilistic sequences. These results indicated that probabilistic structures may be learned differently from fixed structures and have important implications for our current understanding of motor learning. Probabilistic sequences more accurately reflect motor skill acquisition in daily life, offer ecological validity to the serial reaction time framework, and advance our understanding of motor learning.

Get Your Guidance Going: Investigating the Activation of Spatial Priors for Efficient Search in Virtual Reality.

Repeated search studies are a hallmark in the investigation of the interplay between memory and attention. Due to a usually employed averaging, a substantial decrease in response times occurring between the first and second search through the same search environment is rarely discussed. This search initiation effect is often the most dramatic decrease in search times in a series of sequential searches. The nature of this initial lack of search efficiency has thus far remained unexplored. We tested the hypothesis that the activation of spatial priors leads to this search efficiency profile. Before searching repeatedly through scenes in VR, participants either (1) previewed the scene, (2) saw an interrupted preview, or (3) started searching immediately. The search initiation effect was present in the latter condition but in neither of the preview conditions. Eye movement metrics revealed that the locus of this effect lies in search guidance instead of search initiation or decision time, and was beyond effects of object learning or incidental memory. Our study suggests that upon visual processing of an environment, a process of activating spatial priors to enable orientation is initiated, which takes a toll on search time at first, but once activated it can be used to guide subsequent searches.

The determinants for top ranker of Korean Greco-Roman wrestlers

Background and objective: This study investigates the physical factors that determine the top ranker players based on the Greco-Roman wrestlers in the national athletic team of South Korea. Additionally, the study developed a prediction model using physical factors. For this analysis, the data of 163 players in the last 20 years (1999–2018) available on the Athletic Competition Performance Assessment Computer System were used. A top ranker was defined as an athlete who had won a medal in a world championship or the Olympic Games. Methods: The logit model was used as the model and the estimations were performed using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) with E-views9.5 (Lightstone Corp., Tokyo, Japan). The estimation results demonstrated that the probability of becoming a top ranker increased with the following: increase in the length of the career compared to age, increase in the distance of standing long jumps, decrease in response time to light, and increase in bench press weight. Results: The analysis of the model’s estimation results showed that superior results were produced when the standing long jumps, response time to light, and bench press weight were normalized using the weight class based on McFadden R2, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and Schwarz information criterion (SBIC) as compared to when they were normalized using the height and body weight. Conclusion: The estimation model established in this study for the significant physical strength factors shown in the South Korean top rankers is expected to be used as important data for predicting and fostering world-class South Korean Greco-Roman wrestlers.