Decrease In Water Consumption Research Articles

Optimisation of heat distribution system by using the inter-cluster connections model accounting for water consumption and emissions

Improving the rational use of water and energy resources by optimising the heat supply system using P-Graph tools and additional analysis is discussed in this paper. The proposed approach is based on the decomposition of the heat supply system of a city/settlement into separate districts and optimisation of the thermal energy network between consumers and energy sources. The determination of the optimal structure for the distribution of thermal energy between consumers in each district is carried out using the P-Graph approach and accounting import/export of energy and water resources. An additional analysis of the structure of heat supply systems allows for determining the structure with minimum operating cost, water consumption and emissions. The proposed approach was applied to optimise the heat supply system of Tomsk city. Three configurations of the heat supply system, characterized by different objective functions, were determined as a result of the study. The structure of the heat supply system obtained based on the operating cost minimisation reduces operating costs by 69 million RUB/y; water consumption minimisation decreases water consumption by 27.3 thousand m3/y; emission minimisation has cut emissions by 6,000 tCO2/y and 517 tSO2/y compared to the base case. The approach proposed may be used for the design of heat supply systems by finding the trade-off between the operating cost and the environmental footprint of the heat supply system. It makes it possible to optimise heat supply systems based on the economic and environmental capabilities of the region.

Green Value Stream Mapping: A Tool For Increasing Green Productivity (The Case of PT. NIC)

The role of the environment in business success is increasing from day to day. One of the ways to harmonize the goals of making a profit with the environment is by achieving green productivity. Green productivity means that companies can increase their productivity and at the same time improve their environmental performance. To reach that goal one of the ways is that businesses apply value stream mapping and make all the activities to be green which is known as a Green Value Stream Mapping. A combination of secondary data collection and Focus Group Discussions involving all relevant production staffs was conducted to get the initial data and the ideas to improve the performance of electricity, LPG, and water consumption at PT NIC Semarang. Compared to the initial data of the Current State Green Value Stream Mapping, the improvements resulted from the Future State Green Value Stream Mapping were a 51.4% decrease in electricity consumption, a 24.42% decrease in LPG consumption, and a 60% decrease in water consumption. From this empirical study, two important outcomes of future implications were found. For the food industry, implementing GVSM should be adjusted in such a way that the experiments to reach the Future State Green Value Stream Mapping will not affect the quality of the final products and that FGDs are very effective to generate ideas of improvements and getting commitments from production staffs to implement the improvements

Optimization of regeneration temperature for energy integrated water allocation networks

The conservation of energy and water resources is vital to tackle climate change and ensure sustainability. Energy integrated water allocation networks simultaneously conserve these resources using heat exchangers and regeneration units. A hybrid solution strategy is proposed in this paper to achieve the minimum total annualized cost of these networks and offer market competitiveness. The proposed algorithm solves the mixed-integer non-linear programming problem formulated in this study through a heuristic-based non-linear programming technique. The ideology of Pinch Analysis is implemented to identify heuristics that explore the non-isothermal mixing potential of streams and optimize the regeneration temperatures. These heuristics can drastically reduce energy requirements, while the mathematical optimization of water reuse, recycling, and regeneration decreases water consumption. Capturing the trade-offs between energy consumption and heat exchangers ensures a lower total annualized cost. The potency of the algorithm developed in this work is exhibited using demonstrative examples from the literature. The variation in the operating cost, investment expense, and thereby, the total annualized costs with the temperature of regeneration units and the regeneration throughput are demonstrated in these examples. Optimal regeneration temperature can significantly reduce the total annualized costs of the overall system, as observed through these examples. In the single contaminant water network example, the total annualized cost is 45.3% lower compared to the literature. • Proposed approach integrates conceptual Pinch Analysis with numerical algorithm. • Energy conservation is achieved by optimizing regeneration temperature. • The hybrid algorithm minimizes the total annualized cost prior to network design. • The proposed algorithm reduces the total annualized cost by 45.3%.

Temporal and spatial variation and driving factors of water consumption in the middle Heihe river basin before and after the implementation of the"97 water diversion scheme"

Irrational allocation of irrigation water resources aggravates water shortages, affecting the sustainable development of agriculture, especially in arid regions. The expansion of the cultivated area in the middle Heihe river basin (HRB) will not necessarily increase the water consumption, despite the increase in the water-saving irrigation area. In this study, the temporal and spatial distribution, and the driving factors related to water consumption, including evapotranspiration (ET), transpiration (T), evapotranspiration ratio (T/ET), and precipitation deficit (ET-P), were investigated in the middle HRB using linear trend, piecewise fitting, and multiple linear regression method. The results show that the "97 WDS" has prominent impacts on the temporal and spatial trends and the driving factors in ET and T in the middle HRB. Water consumption does not necessarily increase under the centralized water allocation with improved irrigation efficiency and increased cultivated area. The result provides new evidence for increasing T/ET to decrease water consumption in response to the expanding cultivated area, while helping decision-makers to reduce water consumption in the middle HRB, and evaluate “97 WDS”.

Zero tourism due to COVID-19: an opportunity to assess water consumption associated to tourism

The COVID-19 pandemic, with confinement of the population and zero-tourism period, allowed us to assess, for the first time, the volume of water used (both directly and indirectly) by the tourism sector. This research fills a gap in water management, assessing the decrease in water consumption during the lockdown period, which coincided with the tourist season, comparing 2019 and 2020 in the Balearic Islands (Spain). Results demonstrate important differences among nine municipalities, depending on their ratio between overnight stays of tourists and total population. Water consumption decreased 58%, 40% and 14% for high, medium and low tourist areas, respectively, during the lockdown period. Extrapolation to the whole Balearic Islands gives an overall decrease of 24.2%, which can be considered the percentage of water directly used by tourism. The estimated water volume directly consumed by tourism is similar to the amount of groundwater used by irrigation agriculture. These results can be useful for water managers and policymakers in revising the hydrological plan during the third management cycle, which has not yet quantified water consumption by the tourism sector. Policymakers should focus on the touristic municipalities with higher water demand and support policies to reduce the water consumption during the tourist season.

Non-film mulching comprehensively improved plant growth and yield of cotton in a deep-drip irrigation system under arid regions

Plastic film mulching under drip irrigation is a key cotton cultivation technology that can save water and increase yield in arid regions. However, the long-term promotion of film mulching has resulted in increasingly serious problems related to residual film pollution. We hypothesized that deep drip irrigation and optimized irrigation can ensure the sustainability of yield of non-film cotton; thus, film is not necessary under this planting system. To address the above issues, we investigated the effects of different irrigation volumes (in m3 ha−1: W1, 2649; W2, 2925; W3, 3201; W4, 3477; W5, 3753) on the soil water and salt distribution, agronomic attributes, biomass accumulation, yield composition and water use efficiency (WUE) of non-film cotton grown under deep drip irrigation in a two-year field trial. We also explored possible ways to exploit the full potential of decreasing water consumption and enhancing cotton production. The results showed that the seed cotton yield of W3 was 7.5%, 7.1% and 3.2% higher than those of W1, W2 and W5, respectively, while it was 5.2% lower than that of W4 across the two-year study. Moreover, there was no significant difference in seed yield or WUE between the W3 and W4 treatments. Compared with the W2 treatment, the W3 treatment delayed the total growth period by only 0–2 d, the conductivity in the 0–10 cm soil layer was increased by 9.3–22.9%, and the soil water content in the 0–20 cm soil layer was increased by 1.7–4.0%. The cotton plant biomass and reproductive organ biomass increased with the amount of irrigation and followed this order W5 > W4, W3, W2 > W1. Seed cotton yield was significantly correlated with effective bolls, while WUE was negatively correlated with vegetative organ biomass at the flowering and boll setting stages. Overall, the results suggested that under the non-film conditions, an irrigation amount of 3201 m3 ha−1 would improve the eco-friendliness and efficiency of cotton production systems in arid regions.

The green process using alkylation technique in producing gasoline and the effect of the technique upon decreasing water pollution: A case study in the central refineries company /Al Dora

The research discusses some modern concepts in the sector of operations management represented in green design, the cleanest process and the green product. Enhancing the process could lead to enhancing the product and then achieving better environmental performance. Therefore, the research deals with addressing the problem of water pollution because of the production process as a result of the environmental effect resulting from the production of fuel in the Dora refinery. The research aims at showing the effect of applying the technique of (alkylation) in the production of (cars fuel) to reduce waste and to clarify the effect of the alternative situation in the treatment of the process. The research importance stems from the application of tools and appropriate technique to the process to provide a product more compatible with the environment. Therefore, we are interested in this research in two aspects: improving production and reducing environmental pollution. It was found in the research that the application of the alkylating technique ‎ project led to the reduction of solid pollutants (GWG) almost (zero) by dispensing with the use of furnaces that produce the material (carbon steel). This means that (SWG = Zero), as well as a decrease in water consumption by (31741,920) barrels per year.

Evaluating vaporization heat, thermal performance, and efficiency of a natural draft wet cooling tower

This study aimed to improve the accuracy of the thermal performance analysis of a natural draft wet cooling tower (NDWCT) and explore the effect factors of the decrease water and energy consumption. In this study, we determined the thermal performance and water loss of the NDWCT under dynamic conditions using mass-balance equations, and obtained water loss from 10.4 kg s−1 to 16.9 kg s−1. The analyzed vaporization heat accounted for 71.5%–86.9% of the total heat flow. Furthermore, the total amount of water discharged exceeded the average standard is 33.06 m3 has been spotted for the first time. Increasing the air-water ratio from 0.38 to 0.77, the cooling efficiency is increased by 44%. The change relationship between water temperature drop, water loss, air enthalpy, and air flow in the tower were discovered and established. The thermal performance analysis model based on water loss and air flow was used, compared with the total heat of the measured data, the maximum deviations were by 4.5% and 1.88%, respectively. The validity of the model was fully verified. These two models were combined with the heat balance equation analysis model based on three variables, which can provide support for optimal operation conditions that the energy savings and water reductions in NDWCTs, and providing convenience and a new reference for thermal performance evaluation, design, and research. Finally, we also proposed the suggestion for improving low efficiency of cooling tower is the most economical operation mode.

Postprandial symptoms in patients with symptoms of gastroparesis: roles of gastric emptying and accommodation.

Patients often are evaluated for gastroparesis because of symptoms occurring with meals. Gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) is used for gastroparesis diagnosis, although results are not well correlated with gastroparesis symptoms. The aim of this study is to assess relationships between gastroparesis symptoms, gastric emptying (GE), and gastric accommodation (GA). Patients with symptoms of gastroparesis completed the Patient Assessment of Upper GI Symptoms (PAGI-SYM) and recorded symptoms during GES and water load satiety test (WLST), an indirect assessment for GA. A total of 109 patients with gastroparesis symptoms were assessed. Symptom severity increased after GES meal for stomach fullness, belching, nausea, abdominal burning, and abdominal pain. There was no difference in symptoms after meal between patients with delayed (n = 66) and normal (n = 42) GE. Diabetic patients (n = 26) had greater gastric retention than idiopathic patients (n = 78), but idiopathic patients had greater postprandial nausea, stomach fullness, and abdominal pain. Water consumed during WLST averaged 421 ± 245 mL. Idiopathic patients had greater nausea scores during WLST than diabetic patients. In comparison to those with normal water consumption (≥238 mL; n = 80), patients with impaired water ingestion (<238 mL; n = 26) had increased stomach fullness, early satiety, postprandial fullness, and loss of appetite on PAGI-SYM. Patients with delayed and normal GE had similar symptom profiles during GES and WLST. Idiopathic patients had less gastric retention but more symptoms after GES meal and after WLST compared with diabetic patients. Patients with impaired water consumption during WLST had increased symptoms by PAGI-SYM. These data suggest that impaired GA, rather than GE, may be important in explaining postprandial symptoms in patients with symptoms of gastroparesis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Patients with delayed and normal gastric emptying (GE) had similar symptom profiles during gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES). Idiopathic patients with symptoms of gastroparesis had less gastric retention by GES; but more symptoms after GES meal and after water load satiety test (WLST) compared with diabetic patients. In patients with symptoms of gastroparesis, symptoms after WLST increased with decreasing water consumption. Early satiety and loss of appetite were associated with decreased water consumption during WLST. Thus, impaired accommodation and perhaps visceral hypersensitivity are important in explaining postprandial symptoms in gastroparesis.

The Effects of Mask Usage on Reported Vocal Health of Educators

ObjectiveTo investigate the self-reported effects of mask usage on vocal fatigue and number of vocal complaints of high school and college educators. MethodForty teachers at high schools and universities who reported using masks to teach in person during the Spring 2020 to Fall 2020 semesters completed an anonymous survey regarding self-report of teaching history, vocal use, vocal complaints, and vocal health. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t tests. ResultsSurvey participants reported an increase in all forms of vocal complaints investigated despite an increase in amplification use. Participants also reported a decrease in daily water consumption between eight and 16 ounces of water when wearing a mask in the classroom compared to teaching prior to coronavirus disease 2019. Participants also reported a significant increase in vocal effort while teaching in a mask (P < 0.001). ConclusionEducators reported a significant effect of increased vocal complaints and decreased water intake while wearing masks. The decrease in water consumption and increase in vocal effort may lead to more frequent vocal complaints in teachers at the high school and college level.

Reduced nitrogen proportion during the vegetative growth stage improved fruit yield and nitrogen uptake of cherry tomato plants under sufficient soil water regime

ABSTRACT Under the current context of reducing chemical N input in agriculture, it is important to investigate better N allocation to different growth stages of crops. The plants were subjected to sufficient and reduced soil water regimes in interaction with two N application proportions applied at the vegetative and reproductive growth stages of tomato plants, respectively. In terms of the soil water impact, across the N proportion treatments, the reduced water treatments significantly decreased leaf and biomass growth by 33% and meanwhile remarkably reduced stomatal conductance of leaves, which significantly decreased water consumption by 41%. Consequently, plant WUE markedly decreased by 10.4%. The N uptake and fresh yield were considerably reduced by 37.5% and 39.3%, respectively. Regarding the N proportion effect across the soil water treatments, the lower N application of 30% at the vegetative growth stage significantly enhanced photosynthesis products allocated to fruits, which substantially improved the fresh yield by 32.9%. Furthermore, it significantly improved N accumulation by 9.0% compared to the higher N application of 70% at this stage. Conclusively, when given the certain amount of N supply, the N allocation should be reduced at the vegetative growth stage to achieve high yield and N uptake in tomato production .

Environmental Consequences Of the Capital Relocation In the Republic Of Kazakhstan

The large-scale socio-economic and political changes that have taken place in the post-Soviet space since the early 1990s have led to cardinal transformations of the economy and settlement in the former Soviet republics. The purpose of the study is to identify patterns and main features of the transformation of the environmental situation in the old and new capitals of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The subject of this article is the ecological transformation in former and modern capitals of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which was affected not only by post-Soviet changes but also by the transfer of capital functions from Almaty to Nur-Sultan. For a comprehensive analysis of the situation, the state of atmospheric air, water, soil and green spaces were considered. Quantitative calculations and qualitative assessment of the ecological situation showed that the environmental situation of both cities in 2020 was very similar, but the environmental state transformation index does not reach the level of Almaty due to the higher self-cleaning potential of the city and a newer and, accordingly, more environmentally friendly traffic flow. In two cities over the past 20 years, we registered a negative trend in impact level on water sources: a decrease in water consumption in Almaty by 45%, in Nur-Sultan by 27% since 2000. Modernization of plumbing and sewerage systems can reduce water leaks and improve wastewater transport to wastewater treatment plants. In 1998–2020, the environmental situation in Nur-Sultan changed much faster than in Almaty due to the low base effect and the transfer of capital functions because of the emissions from motor transport. However, for Almaty and Nur-Sultan, it can be concluded that the environmental situation by 2020 had been deteriorating much faster than it improved after the collapse of the USSR.

Biodisinfection as a Profitable Fertilization Method for Horticultural Crops in the Framework of the Circular Economy

Intensive agriculture has resulted in various environmental impacts that affect ecosystems. In some cases, the application of conventional fertilizers has deteriorated water quality, which includes the marine environment. For this reason, institutions have designed various strategies based on the principles of the circular economy and the bioeconomy. Both of these dynamics aim to reduce excessive fertilization and to inhibit the negative externalities it generates. In our work, a field trial is presented in which a 100% reduction in conventional inorganic fertilizers has been evaluated through a production methodology based on fertilization with reused plant debris in combination with other organic compounds. Based on one tomato crop, the profitability of this production technique has been analyzed in comparison with other conventional vegetable production techniques. The productivity and economic yield of the alternative crop was similar to that of the conventional crop, with a 37.2% decrease in water consumption. The reuse of biomass reduced production costs by 4.8%, while the addition of other organic amendments increased them by up to 22%. The results of our trial show that farms are more sustainable and more profitable from a circular point of view when using these strategies.

The Negative Impact of Night Shifts on Diet in Emergency Healthcare Workers.

Despite the consequences of night-shift work, the diet of night-shift workers has not been widely studied. To date, there are no studies related to food intake among emergency healthcare workers (HCWs). We performed a prospective observational study to assess the influence of night work on the diet of emergency HCWs. We monitored 24-h food intake during a day shift and the consecutive night, and during night work and the daytime beforehand. We analyzed 184 emergency HCWs’ food intakes. Emergency HCWs had 14.7% lower (−206 kcal) of their 24-h energy intake during night shifts compared to their day-shift colleagues (1606.7 ± 748.2 vs. 1400.4 ± 708.3 kcal, p = 0.049) and a 16.7% decrease in water consumption (1451.4 ± 496.8 vs. 1208.3 ± 513.9 mL/day, p = 0.010). Compared to day shifts, night-shift had 8.7% lower carbohydrates, 17.6% proteins, and 18.7% lipids. During the night shift the proportion of emergency HCWs who did not drink for 4 h, 8 h and 12 h increased by 20.5%, 17.5%, and 9.1%, respectively. For those who did not eat for 4 h, 8 h and 12 h increased by 46.8%, 27.7%, and 17.7%, respectively. A night shift has a huge negative impact on both the amount and quality of nutrients consumed by emergency healthcare workers.

A systematic scoping review of dissociation in borderline personality disorder and implications for research and clinical practice: Exploring the fog.

Background:Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is frequently complicated by the presence of dissociative symptoms. Pathological dissociation is linked with earlier and more severe trauma exposure, emotional dysregulation and worse treatment outcomes in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Dissociative Disorders, with implications for BPD.Objective:A systematic scoping review was conducted to assess the extent of current literature regarding the impact of dissociation on BPD and to identify knowledge gaps.Methods:Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus) were searched, and English peer-reviewed studies with adults with BPD were included, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) 2018 guidelines.Results:Most of the 70 included studies were observational (98%) with first authors from Germany (59%). Overall, dissociation was associated with increased BPD symptom severity, self-harm and reduced psychotherapy treatment response; findings regarding suicide risk were mixed. Dissociation was associated with working memory and cognitive deficits, decreased pain perception, altered body ownership, no substance abuse or the abuse of sedative substances, increased fantasy proneness, personality fragmentation, fearful attachment, dream anxiety, perceived stress and altered stress responses, increased cumulative body mass index, decreased water consumption, several neurological correlates and changes in gene expression.Conclusion:BPD with significant dissociative symptoms may constitute a more severe and at-risk subgroup of BPD patients. However, there are significant research gaps and methodological issues in the area, including the possibility of unrecognized Dissociative Disorders in BPD study populations confounding results. Further studies are needed to better understand the impact of dissociation on BPD course and treatment, and to clarify the most appropriate assessment tools for clinical practice. In addition, interventional studies are needed to develop dissociation-specific BPD treatments to determine whether targeting dissociation in BPD can improve treatment outcomes.

Why Have Economic Incentives Failed to Convince Farmers to Adopt Drip Irrigation in Southwestern Iran?

Sustainable water usage is an important global concern and an urgent priority, especially in dryland regions such as Iran. The Iranian government is actively addressing the challenge of water scarcity by encouraging farmers to adopt new water application technology. Its main element to decrease water consumption is to encourage new irrigation systems, in particular drip irrigation. However, despite the benefits of drip irrigation technologies and the availability of generous government subsidies, adoption rates of the improved irrigation technology remain critically low among Iranian farmers. Therefore, this study seeks to determine what is limiting the uptake of improved irrigation technology in Iran. While it is well known that acceptance of new technology ultimately depends on multiple and interrelated factors, we examine those factors affecting farmers’ adoption from three theoretical perspectives in the adoption literature: farmers’ socio-economic characteristics, social capital, and technology characteristics. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in Behbahan district in Khuzestan province in southwest Iran. The sample comprises 174 farmers who adopted drip irrigation in that region and 100 non-adopters who were located in the same region. Discriminant analysis reveals that a socio-economic approach is the strongest model to predict adoption of drip irrigation technology in the study area, followed by models of technical characteristics, and social capital. These results can help agricultural extension agents and policy-makers design appropriate and effective strategies that facilitate the adoption of drip irrigation at an increasing rate.

A Strategy to Assess Water Meter Performance

Apparent water losses can be problematic to water companies’ revenues. This type of loss is very difficult to detect and quantify and is often associated with water meter anomalies. This study was motivated by a water company’s challenge that links a decrease in water consumption to water meters’ malfunction. The aim is to develop a strategy to detect decreasing water usage patterns, contributing to meter performance assessment. The basis of the approach is a combination of statistical methods. First, the time series of billed water consumption is decomposed using Seasonal-Trend decomposition based on Loess. Next, breakpoint analysis is performed on the seasonally adjusted time series. After that, the Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator are used to analyze periods of progressive decrease changes in water consumption, defined by breakpoints. A quantitative indicator of this change is proposed. The strategy was successfully applied to eight-time series of water consumption from the Algarve, Portugal.

Constipation in the period of limited isolation during COVID-19 pandemic.

COVID-19 outbreak has become widespread globally and caused a new global chaos. This outbreak that completely affected the lifestyle of individuals resulted in periods of isolation. Here, we evaluated the effects of lifestyle changes with isolation on constipation. A survey on constipation was performed during the 12-week isolation period starting in March 2020 in Turkey. Data of 390 individuals who participated in the survey through the social media and who were actively employed prior to isolation were analyzed. Rome IV criteria were used to evaluate constipation. Among the participants in the study, 253 (64.9%) were women with the mean age of 39.5±9.5 years. A statistically significant association was found between the decreased water consumption during the isolation period and constipation after the isolation (p=0.020; p<0.05). A significant association was found between the changes in physical activity and constipation after the isolation (p=0.013; p<0.05). New development of constipation during the isolation or declaration of increased constipation was found to be statistically associated with post-isolation constipation according to Rome criteria (p=0.000; p<0.05). The data of this present study demonstrated that isolation period was effective on the newly developed constipation. Decreased physical activity and water consumption are also effective on constipation.

Water use efficiency, yield and quality of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) using negative pressure irrigation

Plant available water can affect tobacco yield and quality, but in a greenhouse environments fluctuating water availability can be controlled. Compared with conventional irrigation (CK), typically used in greenhouse, negative pressure irrigation (NPI) can enhance water use efficiency (WUE) and nutrient uptake efficiency (NUE), while also decreasing water consumption. Pot experiments were conducted to investigate differences in CK and NPI water pressure (−5kpa, −10kpa and −15kpa) on growth, WUE, NUE, yield and quality of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Results suggest that water consumption and nutrient uptake efficiency improved with water pressure; The biomass of plant organs reflected a pattern of: leaf > stem > root. Compared with CK, NPI can improve WUE by 110.90% and decrease water consumption by 42.28%, and increase yield by 23.09%. Supply water pressure can significantly improve the flavor of Nicotiana tabacum L.. Our results suggest that NPI is a better method of irrigation for Nicotiana tabacum L. given the steadier supply of water during the growth period of tobacco.

Irrigation optimization with a deep reinforcement learning model: Case study on a site in Portugal

In the field of agriculture, the water used for irrigation should be given special treatment, as it is responsible for a large proportion of total water consumption. Irrigation scheduling is critical to food production because it guarantees producers a consistent harvest and minimizes the risk of losses due to water shortages. Therefore, the creation of an automatic irrigation method using new technologies is essential. New methods such as deep learning algorithms have attracted a lot of attention in agriculture and are already being used successfully. In this work, a Deep Q-Network was trained for irrigation scheduling. The agent was trained to schedule irrigation for a tomato field in Portugal. Two Long Short Term Memory models were used as the agent environment. One predicts the total water in the soil profile on the next day. The other one was employed to estimate the yield based on the environmental condition during a season and then measure the net return. The agent uses this information to decide the following irrigation amount. An Artificial Neural Network, a Long Short Term Memory, and a Convolutional Neural Network were used to estimating the Q-table during training. Unlike the Long-Short Terms Memory model, the Artificial Neural Network and the Convolutional Neural Network could not estimate the Q-table, and the agent’s reward decreased during training. The comparison of the performance of the model was done with fixed base irrigation and threshold based irrigation. The trained model increased productivity by 11% and decreased water consumption by 20–30% compared to the fixed method.