Decrease In Red Blood Cells Research Articles

Renal Acidification in Sickle Cell Trait

Nine sickle cell trait and nine control subjects underwent six-hour ammonium chloride acid loading. Maximal urine osmolality and renal hemodynamics were studied separately. Base line arterial pH, carbon dioxide pressure (Pco2), and [HCO3] were normal and comparable in the two groups. After ammonium chloride loading, urine pH decreased to 5.3 or less in all, and maximal excretion of ammonium and titratable and net acid was comparable as was urine minus blood Pco2 after bicarbonate loading. The ammonium chloride acidosis caused a small decrease in red blood cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels but no alteration in oxygen pressure at 50% saturation at pH 7.4, sickling, or adverse effects. Control and sickle cell trait subjects had comparable renal hemodynamics but maximal urine osmolality was lower in sickle-cell trait subjects. Adults with sickle cell trait have diminished renal concentrating ability and normal renal acidification and hemodynamics.

Renal acidification in sickle cell trait

Nine sickle cell trait and nine control subjects underwent six-hour ammonium chloride acid loading. Maximal urine osmolality and renal hemodynamics were studied separately. Base line arterial pH, carbon dioxide pressure (Pco2), and [HCO3] were normal and comparable in the two groups. After ammonium chloride loading, urine pH decreased to 5.3 or less in all, and maximal excretion of ammonium and titratable and net acid was comparable as was urine minus blood Pco2 after bicarbonate loading. The ammonium chloride acidosis caused a small decrease in red blood cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels but no alteration in oxygen pressure at 50% saturation at pH 7.4, sickling, or adverse effects. Control and sickle cell trait subjects had comparable renal hemodynamics but maximal urine osmolality was lower in sickle-cell trait subjects. Adults with sickle cell trait have diminished renal concentrating ability and normal renal acidification and hemodynamics.

Studies on the peripheral blood cell parameters and morphology of the red paradise fish, Macropodus opercularis. Effect of food deprivation on erythropoiesis.

AbstractA description is presented of the peripheral blood cell values and blood cell morphology of both the normal and the starved red paradise fish. An inhibitory influence of food deprivation upon erythropoiesis was demonstrated in this fish by the significant decrease in red blood cell and hematocrit values. A comparative study showed that the size and numbers of erythrocytes present in teleost blood reflect its habitat, activity, and degree of evolution.

Inhaled Cigarette Smoke and Treadmill-Exercised Dogs

Seven dogs received daily treadmill exercise and a daily period of chamber exposure to cigarette smoke for approximately one year. Enlargement of the right and left ventricle was demonstrated by ECG measurements. Post-exercise lactate showed a gradual increase following exposure to smoke. Depression of activity of the enzymes, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, and creatine phosphokinase, was observed in serum. Of the hematologic variables measured there was an increase in monocyte numbers and a decrease in red blood cell, white blood cell, lymphocyte, and segmented neutrophil numbers. Histopathologic examination showed warying degrees of terminal bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia with extension in one dog into adjacent alveoli to produce adenomatous structures. Also, slight thickening of the coronary arteriole walls occurred in five of the seven dogs.

The kinetics of plaque-forming cells in experimental hypersplenism.

By i.p. application of methylcellulose (MC) hypersplenism has been induced in C57B1 mice. Decrease of red blood cells (RBC) and increase of reticulocytes and spleen index resemble the hemolytic anemia in man. No antibody formation against RBC of treated animals could be found. After sensitisation with sheep red blood cells a significantly impaired 19S- and 7S-antibody formation in single spleen cells could be demonstrated. These findings suggest an inhibition of macrophages by the uptake of MC

Effects of prolonged centrifugation on growth and organ development of rats.

Mature and weanling Sprague-Dawley female rats were centrifuged at 2.5, 3.5, and 4.7 g for periods of time ranging up to 1 year. The growth rates and final body weights of weanling rats were significantly lower than those of noncentrifuged control rats. Both mature and weanling rats experienced initially a temporary loss in body weight due to inanition and reduced food consumption. Comparison of organ-to-body weight ratios of 4.5-month and 1-year centrifuged rats with corresponding control rats indicated that prolonged exposures caused only a few changes. Relative weights of the adrenals of 4.5-month centrifuged rats were reduced, whereas the livers of 1-year centrifuged rats were increased. There was an apparent decrease in red blood cells and a significant decrease in hematocrit values of centrifuged rats. No histopathology was found in any of the centrifuged groups of rats which could be attributed to the exposure treatment. Results of this study show that rats are able to tolerate prolonged periods of simulated high-gravity environments with little, if any, serious deleterious effects.

EXPERIMENTAL BONE MARROW REACTIONS

1. The effect produced by the intravenous administration of collargol on the bone marrow of rabbits varies directly with the amount of collargol injected, and three fairly well defined stages could be recognized. (a) An initial stage after comparatively few and small doses, with erythrocytic and endothelial hyperplasia in the bone marrow and with evidences of this stimulation in the peripheral blood in the form of young erythrocytes and normoblasts. (b) An intermediary stage which followed the injection of larger amounts of collargol, and which was characterized by a predominant myeloid hyperplasia. (c) A final stage with marked bone marrow aplasia and with colloidal silver deposited in endothelial cells, as well as in clasmatocytes. This was associated with a high grade anemia with low color index, resembling aplastic anemia in its main features. This stage terminated fatally. 2. There was no evidence of injury to blood cells in the peripheral circulation. The erythrocytic bone marrow aplasia was present before any appreciable decrease of red blood cells was found in the peripheral blood. 3. The results were less clear-cut in a series of rats, but anemia of a similar type was produced in all animals when sufficiently large doses were injected. 4. Splenectomy did not alter the course in rats materially. 5. It is fair to conclude that the cause of the anemia produced may be sought in the deviation of the parental endothelial cell toward clasmatocyte formation at the expense of the development of erythrocytes. 6. It is suggested that the results may be offered in support of the theory of the endothelial origin of both clasmatocytes and red blood cells.