Decreased MDA Levels Research Articles

Effect of preserved eggs on the health of SD rats, and anti-tumor action of HT-29 cells.

Preserved eggs are traditional alkali-pickled food in China and have been enjoyed by consumers and extensively studied by researchers for their nutritional tastes and their anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, lipid-lowering, and blood pressure-lowering properties. To study the anti-tumor effects of preserved eggs, this project observed the health on rats, and anti-tumor effects and separated anti-tumor active components on HT-29 cells. SD rats fed for 80 days showed that preserved eggs had no significant effect on weight, food intake, blood pH, liver tissues, or organ indices. Preserved eggs significantly increased blood levels of oxidative stress markers SOD and CAT, decreased MDA levels by 0.46, 0.23, and 0.25 times. Moreover, they also increased the level of IL-2 from 1233 to 1340 pg/mL. Two water-soluble bioactive peptide fractions, B1 and B2, with molecular weights ≥10 kDa were further obtained from preserved eggs by ultrafiltration and Superdex Peptide 10/300 GL. The potential mechanism of B1 and B2 is to activate the internal mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and induce apoptosis by up-regulating the expression of the pro-apoptotic factors cytochrome C, caspase-3, and caspase-9 mRNA in HT-29 cells.

Pharmacological effect of Argyrolobium roseum (Camb.) Jaub & Spach extracts against lead-induced toxicity in rats.

Argyrolobium roseum (Camb.) Jaub & Spach (Papilionaceae) is a medicinal plant, cultivated in northern areas of Pakistan. The consumption of trace minerals (lead) is very toxic to the vital organs of the body, therefore the overcome of these minerals is very necessary. In this regard, this study aimed to assess the potential pharmacological effect of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Argyrolobium roseum (Camb.) Jaub & Spach against pb-induced oxidative stress, histological changes in Pb-induced rats' liver and kidney, and anti-inflammatory effect. The metal concentrations in liver and kidney homogenates were measured through atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The antioxidant activity was measured through DPPH and FRAP assay. Pb concentrations were significantly higher in liver and kidney homogenates after injection of Pb acetate was given intraperitoneally (45.2 ± 6.8 and 58.8 ± 7.9, respectively; p < .0001). The level of Pb in liver and kidney homogenates was significantly reduced by aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Argyrolobium roseum (Camb.) Jaub & Spach. The Pb + Aq-600 mg/kg-treated rats exhibited a protective effect on hepatocytes cells against Pb-induced liver injury and restored the cells of the kidney. Pb + Aq-600 mg/kg showed higher antioxidant activity as compared to other treated groups. The highest decreased MDA level was found in liver and kidney homogenate of Pb + Aq-600 mg/kg rats (11.2 ± 1.51 nmol/mg; p < .001) and GSH and CAT levels tended to normal after treatment of Pb + Aq-600 mg/kg in rats. The ALAD, ALT, AST, and ALP level were enhanced and tended to be normal after the Aq-400 and Aq-600 mg/kg treatment in Pb-exposed rats. The result showed that 600 mg/kg Aq + Pb exhibited significant (p < .001) anti-inflammatory activity. The findings of this study concluded that treatment of the aqueous extract of Argyrolobium roseum (Camb.) Jaub & Spach reduces the renal and hepatic damage in Pb-induced rats and it also decreases oxidative stress via improving antioxidant components.

Pinostrobin mitigates neurodegeneration through an up-regulation of antioxidants and GDNF in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease

Background: One of the most common neurodegenerative diseases is Parkinson’s disease (PD); PD is characterized by a reduction of neurons containing dopamine in the substantia nigra (SN), which leads to a lack of dopamine (DA) in nigrostriatal pathways, resulting in motor function disorders. Oxidative stress is considered as one of the etiologies involved in dopaminergic neuronal loss. Thus, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of pinostrobin (PB), a bioflavonoid extracted from Boesenbergia rotunda with antioxidative activity in PD. Methods: Rats were treated with 40 mg/kg of PB for seven consecutive days before and after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD. After completing the experiment, the brains including SN and striatum were used for histological studies and biochemical assays. Results: PB treatment demonstrated a reduction of free radicals in the SN as indicated by significantly decreased MDA levels, whereas the antioxidative enzymes (SOD and GSH) were significantly increased. Furthermore, PB treatment significantly increased glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) immunolabelling which has neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects on the survival of dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, PB treatment was shown to protect CA1 and CA3 neurons in the hippocampus and dopaminergic neurons in the SN. DA levels in the SN were increased after PB treatment, leading to the improvement of motor function of PD rats. Conclusions: These results imply that PB prevents MPTP-induced neurotoxicity via its antioxidant activities and increases GDNF levels, which may contribute to the therapeutic strategy for PD.

Ameliorative potential of the quercetin on lead-induced testicular damage: morphohistometric and biochemical analysis

BackgroundQuercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid known for its potent antioxidant properties, has been investigated for its potential in counteracting the harmful effects of lead (Pb) toxicity, which induces apoptosis and oxidative damage in various human tissues. This study aims to assess the reparative effects of quercetin on lead-induced testicular damage.MethodsFour groups, each comprising ten adult male albino rats, were randomly assigned as follows: Quercetin group, Pb group, Pb + Quercetin group, and control group. All treatments were administered orally via gavage daily for a duration of 30 days. Evaluation of sex hormone levels (serum testosterone, FSH, and LH), cytokines and inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1), lead concentration, oxidative and antioxidant stress markers (superoxide anion [O2−], MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH), and sperm characteristics were carried out.ResultsThe results demonstrated a significant decline in sex hormones and antioxidants, accompanied by an increase in lead concentrations, cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and oxidative stress indicators (O2−, MDA), while SOD, CAT, and GSH levels were reduced. The Pb-intoxicated group exhibited a substantial increase in dead and abnormal sperm, along with significant reductions in sperm concentration and motility. Morphometrically, a marked decrease was observed in spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, spermatids, and sertoli cells per seminiferous tubule, as well as epithelial height. Furthermore, coadministration of quercetin exhibited notable benefits. It significantly elevated testosterone levels (P < 0.001), testicular SOD, CAT, and GSH activities, while decreasing MDA levels (P < 0.001). Quercetin also mitigated the deleterious effects of lead toxicity on sperm parameters and restored morphometric variations, including epithelial height.ConclusionsQuercetin supplementation alongside lead exposure showed a potential for ameliorating degenerative changes caused by lead toxicity in the testicles. This cotreatment effectively reduced oxidative stress, cytokine levels, inflammatory mediators, and restored biochemical alterations, thereby improving morphometric parameters.

Characterization and anti-aging effects of polysaccharide from Gomphus clavatus Gray

In this study, a highly branched polysaccharide (GPF, 112.0 kDa) was isolated and purified from Gomphus clavatus Gray fruiting bodies. GPF was primarily composed of mannose, galactose, arabinose, xylose, and glucose at a molar ratio of 3.2:1.9:1.6:1.2:1.0. GPF was a highly branched heteropolysaccharide composed of 13 glucosidic bonds, with a degree of branching (DB) of 48.85 %. GPF exhibited anti-aging activity in vivo, significantly increased antioxidant enzymes activities (SOD, CAT and GSH-Px), improved total antioxidant capability (T-AOC) and decreased MDA level in the serum and brain of d-Gal induced aging mice. Behavioral experiments showed that GPF effectively improved learning and memory deficits in d-Gal induced aging mice. Mechanistic studies indicated that GPF could activate AMPK by increasing AMPK phosphorylation and upregulating SIRT1 and PGC-1α expression. These findings suggest that GPF has significant potential as a natural candidate to slow down aging and prevent aging-related diseases.

Breast cancer cell growth arrest and chemopreventive effects of Passiflora edulis Sims (Passifloraceae) ethanolic leaves extract on a rat model of mammary carcinoma.

Despite various prevention and treatment measures, the incidence and mortality due to breast cancer has been increasing globally. Passiflora edulis Sims is a plant used for the treatment of various diseases in traditional medicine, including cancers. To assess the anti-breast cancer activity of the ethanolic extract of P. edulis leaves in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the cell growth and proliferation were determined based on the MTT and BrdU assays. The flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell death mechanism while, cell migration, cell adhesion and chemotaxis were assayed for anti-metastatic potential. In vivo, 56 female Wistar rats aged 45-50 days (∼75g) were exposed to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-DMBA except the normal group. Negative control group (DMBA) received solvent dilution throughout the study; standards groups (tamoxifen - 3.3mg/kg BW and letrozole - 1mg/kg BW) as well as P. edulis leaves ethanolic extract groups (50, 100 and 200mg/kg) treated for 20 weeks. Tumor incidence, tumor burden and volume, CA 15-3 serum' level, antioxidant, inflammatory status and histopathology were assessed. P. edulis extract showed a significant and concentration-dependent inhibition of MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231cells growth at 100μg/mL. It inhibited cell proliferation and clones' formation and induced apoptosis in MDA-MB 231cells. The migration of cell into the zone freed of cells and the number of invading cells after the 48 and 72h were significantly diminished while, it increased their adherence to collagen and fibronectin extracellular matrix as does Doxorubicin. In vivo, all rats in the DMBA group exhibited a significant (p < 0.001) increase in tumor volume, tumor burden and grade (adenocarcinoma of SBR III) and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-6 and IL-12). P. edulis extract at all tested doses significantly inhibited the DMBA-induced increase in tumor incidence, tumor burden and grade (SBR I) as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, it increased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, catalase, and GSH) and decreased MDA levels although a greater effect was observed with Tamoxifen and Letrozole. P. edulis has medium content on polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins. P. edulis has chemo-preventive effects against DMBA-induced breast cancer in rats probably through its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and apoptosis-inducing potentials.

Preharvest chitooligosaccharide spray alleviates chilling injury in harvested muskmelon fruit by regulating membrane lipid metabolism and activating antioxidant enzyme activity

Chitooligosaccharide (COS), a degradation product of chitosan, can reduce chilling injury (CI) in postharvest fruit by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. However, whether preharvest COS spray alleviates CI in muskmelon fruit after harvest by regulating membrane lipid metabolism and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity has not been reported. In this study, muskmelon plants and fruit were sprayed with 2 mL L−1 of COS at four developmental stages: young fruit, early enlargement, late enlargement, and mature stage. The expression of key genes involved in membrane lipid metabolism, fatty acid content, phospholipid component content and antioxidant enzyme activity in muskmelon fruit were measured, and the CI symptoms and index of the fruit were observed during cold storage. The results illustrated that the preharvest COS spray up-regulated the expression of CmPLA2, promoted the release of unsaturated fatty acids, and increased the value of the double bond index (DBI). However, the spray down-regulated the expression of CmPLC and CmPLD, increased the levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI), and decreased the levels of phosphatidic acid (PA). COS spray increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, decreased O2-· and H2O2 levels, maintained cell membrane permeability, and decreased MDA levels in fruit during chilling. In addition, the spray reduced peroxidase (POD) activity and alleviated fruit pericarp browning during cold storage. Taken together, preharvest COS spray alleviated CI in muskmelon fruit by stimulating membrane lipid metabolism and improving the activities of antioxidant enzymes.

Tiaogan Jiejiu Tongluo Formula attenuated alcohol-induced chronic liver injury by regulating lipid metabolism in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevanceTiaogan Jiejiu Tongluo Formula (TJTF), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, is modified from the well-known ancient prescription Danzhi-Xiaoyao Powder (DXP). Owing to its ability to regulate liver, strengthen spleen, detoxicating, and dredge collaterals in Chinese medicine, TJTF is usually used to treat anxiety, hypertension, alcoholic fatty liver disease in clinical application. However, the protective effect and potential molecular mechanism of TJTF on alcoholic liver injury has not fully been clarified. Aim of the studyTo explore the effect of TJTF on chronic alcoholic liver injury and figure out whether its effects were due to the regulation of lipid metabolism. Material and methods75 male SD rats were divided into the following five groups, control group, EtOH group, TJTF high dose group, TJTF low dose group and silybin group. Then a chronic alcoholic liver injury model was established by increasing concentration of 56% ethanol in rats. The rats in each TJTF group were given the corresponding dose of TJTF, the rats in the silybin group were given silybin, the rats in the control group and the EtOH group were given distilled water by gavage, once a day for 8 consecutive weeks. The components of TJTF were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) was used to assess the severity of liver injury. in the pathological examination. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and oil red O staining were used to evaluate the degree of the liver glycogen accumulation and lipid deposition, respectively. The serum ALT, AST, T-CHO, TG, LDL-C, ADH, HDL-C, and ALDH levels as well as liver tissue GSH, MDA, and SOD levels were analyzed in rats. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to detect lipid metabolism-related proteins expressed in rat liver. ResultsTJTF significantly alleviated the chronic liver injury caused by alcohol in rats, and enhanced liver function. TJTF significantly decreased AST, ALT, ADH levels and increased ALDH level of serum, and increased GSH, SOD levels and decreased MDA level of liver tissue. In addition, TJTF significantly decreased the serum T-CHO, TG and LDL-C levels and increased HDL-C level in chronic alcoholic liver injury rats by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism associated proteins including p-LKB1, p-AMPKα, p-ACC, FAS, HMGCR, SREBP-1c, PPARα and CPT-1A. The results of western blot and immunohistochemical staining confirmed that TJTF can inhibit lipid production and promote fatty acid oxidation in the liver tissue of chronic alcoholic liver injury rats by activating the LKB1-AMPKα axis and then downregulating the protein expressions of p-ACC, FAS, HMGCR and SREBP-1c, as well as promoting the protein expressions of PPARα and CPT-1A. Meanwhile, TJTF also increased the glycogen content of liver and alleviated the liver damage. ConclusionAccording to current research, TJTF is effective in treating chronic liver damage induced by alcohol in rats. Additionally, TJTF exhibits the protective benefits by modulating LKB1-AMPKα signal axis, which in turn inhibits the synthesis of lipids and promotes the oxidation of fatty acids.

Liuwei Anxiao San protects gastric mucosa from gastric ulcer in rats by regulating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway

Mongolian medicine prescriptions are recognized as promising gastroprotective agents. This study is to explore the effects and mechanisms of Liuwei Anxiao San (LAS) in gastric ulcer (GU). GU rat models were established using acetic acid, followed by treatment with LAS at different doses and/or the JAK2 agonist Coumermycin A1 (CA1). The ulcerous area and inhibition rates were calculated. The mucosal damage and cell apoptosis in gastric tissues were assessed by H&E and TUNEL staining. The activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT, and MDA levels were measured. The levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors were determined by ELISA. The activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway was determined by Western blot. As the results suggested, LAS dose-dependently ameliorated gastric mucosal damage and inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory response, evidenced by increased activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT, decreased MDA level, increment of anti-inflammatory factors and decrement of pro-inflammatory factors, and inhibited the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in GU rats. CA1 partly abolished the function of LAS on gastric mucosal injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation in GU rats. In conclusion, LAS protects against gastric mucosal injury in GU rats through inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation by suppressing the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Mitigation of behavioral deficits and cognitive impairment by antioxidant and neuromodulatory potential of Mukia madrespatana in D-galactose treated rats

Plants and their parts have been extensively used for the therapeutic purposes such as aging due to their powerful antioxidative belongings. Presently, we intended to examine the consequence of fruit peel of Mukia madrespatana (M.M) on D-galactose (D-Gal) persuaded anxiety and/or depression profile, cognition and serotonin metabolism in rats. Animals were divided in to 4 groups (n = 6). (i) Water treated (ii) D-Gal treated (iii) M.M. treated (iv) D-Gal + M.M. treated. All the animals received their respective treatment for 4 weeks. D-Gal and M.M. fruit peel were given to animals with oral gavage with doses 300 mg/ml/kg/day and 2 g/kg/day respectively. After 4 weeks’ behavioral analysis performed to evaluate anxiety and depression profile, cognitive function of animals. After that animals were sacrificed and whole brain removed for biochemical (redox status, degradative enzyme of acetylcholine), and neurochemical (serotonin metabolism) analysis. Results showed that administration of M.M. inhibited D-Gal-instigated anxious and depressive behaviors and improved cognition. Treatment of M.M. decreased MDA levels, AChE activity and increased antioxidant enzyme activity in D-Gal administered and control rats. Enhanced serotonin metabolism also decreased by M.M. in control and D-Gal administered rats. In conclusion, M.M. fruit peel has powerful antioxidative and neuromodulatory properties and due to this effect, it may be a good source of mitigation/treatment for aging induced behavioral and cognitive impairment.

Erb‐(IL10)2 ameliorates radiation‐induced skin injury through eliminate oxygen free radicals

AbstractObjectiveRadiation‐induced skin injury (RISI) remains a serious concern during radiotherapy. IL‐10 is considered as an immune suppressive cytokine by inhibiting the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines in cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective role of Erb (IL10) 2 against ionizing radiation.MethodsWe fused Interleukin 10 (IL‐10) dimer onto an anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor antibody Cetuximab (Erbitux) to form a new bispecific protein Erb‐(IL10)2. The protective effect and biological activity of Erb‐(IL10)2 was measured in model of RISI.ResultsUnder the condition of 20 Gy irradiation, surviving cells in the IR group decreased significantly compared with the non‐IR group (p = 0.0021). The survival rates of HaCaT (p = 0.0038) and WS1 (p = 0.0003) cells were significantly increased after IL‐10 treatment. The apoptosis rates of HaCaT (p = 0.0048) and WS1 (p = 0.0074) cells in the IL‐10 group were significantly lower compared to the NC group. Under 20 Gy irradiation conditions, IL‐10 fusion protein reduced the level of reactive oxygen in HaCaT (p = 0.0046) and WS1 (p&lt;0.0001) cells compared to the control group. Relatively normal granular mitochondrial morphology was observed in the IL‐10 group after 20 Gy X‐ray irradiation compared with the NC group. Ater 35 Gy electron radiation, the levels of reactive oxygen species in the skin tissue of C57/B6 mice injected with IL‐10 fusion protein were significantly lower than those in the PBS group (p = 0.001). Compared with the PBS group and the other IL‐10 groups, the group treated with 0.2 mg/kg IL‐10 showed a significant decrease in MDA level (p = 0.0024). Compared with the PBS group, the thickness of the stratum corneum in groups treated with 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg IL‐10 decreased, and the skin appendages were well‐preserved. In the group treated with 0.2 mg/kg IL‐10, the skin tissue structure was still relatively intact, and the masson staining area was smaller than that of the PBS group.ConclusionIL‐10 plays a role in inhibiting radioactive fibrosis in radioactive skin injury. IL‐10 has a protective effect on skin cell damage after ionizing radiation irradiation both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, IL‐10 plays a role in inhibiting radioactive fibrosis in radioactive skin injury.

CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF TERIFLUNOMIDE IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Objective: MI is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Inflammation plays a key role in the pathology of MI. Teriflunomide (TERI), an orally active Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase inhibitor, inhibits de novo pyrimidine synthesis. It decreases production of inflammatory cytokines and suppresses the activity and proliferation of activated lymphocytes. Hypothesis: TERI, on account of its potent anti-inflammatory activity may attenuate Isoproterenol induced cardiac injury in rats. Thus, we aimed to investigate the cardio-protective effect of Teriflunomide in isoproterenol (Iso) induced myocardial infarction. Design and method: To induce myocardial infarction in rats, we administered 2 doses of Isoproterenol (85 mg/kg/day, s.c.) on days 13th and 14th, at an interval of 24 hours. Male albino Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 6); namely normal control, isoproterenol control, Teriflunomide groups to receive saline, isoproterenol, or Teriflunomide (1, 3 or 5 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 14 days. On the 15th day, rats were anaesthetized and right coronary artery was cannulated to record hemodynamic parameters. Blood sample was collected via cardiac puncture, heart was excised and preserved for analysis of biochemical, histopathological and ultrastructural studies. Results: Isoproterenol administration to rats resulted in induction of MI with impairment of hemodynamic parameters. Teriflunomide pretreatment showed significantly improved hemodynamic (systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures) and cardiac function parameters (normalized ± LV dP/dt and LVEDP) with reduction in the levels of cardiac injury markers (CK-MB, LDH). Further, Teriflunomide significantly reduced oxidative stress (enhanced levels of SOD, GSH, decreased MDA levels) and inflammation (reduced levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6), led to inhibition of active JNK and p38 proteins and activation of ERK1/2, a pro-survival kinase. Furthermore, it also ameliorated apoptosis by reducing the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and Caspase-3) and increased expression of Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic marker. In addition, pretreatment with Teriflunomide preserved morphological and ultra-structural architecture of the myocardium as seen by H &amp; E staining and electron microscopy. Conclusions: Teriflunomide at 1 mg/kg offered cardio-protection by improving hemodynamic profile, oxidative stress profile, reduced inflammation, normalization of myocardial architecture.

4-OCTYL ITACONATE ATTENUATES ISOPROTERENOL INDUCED MYOCARDIAL DAMAGE VIA NLRP3 INFLAMMASOME PATHWAY, NRF-2/HO-1 AND MAPK PATHWAY IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL

Objective: Myocardial infarction (MI) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to the World Health Organisation, more than 9 million deaths occurred due to ischemic heart disease worldwide in 2016. 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI) is a cell permeable derivative of itaconate with potent anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. Studies have shown that 4-OI inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL1beta, TNF alpha) and activates the anti-oxidant Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. The aim of the study was to investigate the cardio-protective effect of 4-OI in experimental model of Isoproterenol induced myocardial damage. Design and method: Adult male albino wistar rats were used in the study. They were randomly divided to five groups i.e., normal control group, isoproterenol control group, 4-OI group (2.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg) for 14 days and 4-OI perse group. On the 15th day, rats were anaesthetized and right coronary artery was cannulated to record hemodynamic parameters. Following this, blood was withdrawn using cardiac puncture, heart was excised and preserved for analysis of biochemical, histopathological and molecular pathway studies. Results: Isoproterenol administration to rats resulted in induction of Myocardial damage as shown by impairment in hemodynamic parameters, left ventricular dysfunction and raised cardiac injury markers. Treatment with 4-OI significantly improved hemodynamic and cardiac injury markers (CKMB, LDH). Further, 4OI significantly reduced oxidative stress (enhanced levels of SOD, GSH, decreased MDA levels) and inflammation (reduced levels of TNF alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta and NLRP3). Further it activated the Nrf-2-HO-1 pathway while inhibits the inflammatory NFKB pathway. Apart from this, it also ameliorated apoptosis by decreasing the expression of Bax, caspase-3 and increasing the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. It also inhibited inflammatory MAPK proteins (JNK, phospho JNK, P38, phospho P38) while enhancing the expression of pro-survival kinases ERK1/2, and Phospho ERK1/ 2. Conclusions: Oral administration of 4-OI at a dose of 10 mg/kg ameliorated the severity of isoprotorenol-induced cardio-toxicity in rats via NLRP-3 inflammasome pathway, MAPK and Nrf-2/HO1 pathway and by maintaining morphological structure of heart tissue and oxidative stress profile along with reduced inflammation and apoptosis.

Effects of methanol leaf extract of Dryopteris filix-mas on catalase activity and malondialdehyde levels in the brain of adult male Wistar rats

This study was carried out to determine the effect of methanol leaf extract of Dryopteris filix-mas on catalase (an antioxidant) activity and malondialdehyde (an oxidative stress marker) levels in brain of wistar rats. Methanol extract of Dryopteris filix-mas was prepared by Soxhlet extraction. Twenty (20) adults male wistar rats were used for this study. The animals were grouped into four groups; 1 (normal control); 2 (administered 100mg/kg of Dryopteris filix methanol leaf extract) and 3 (administered 250mg/kg of Dryopteris filix methanol leaf extract); 4 (Administered 500mg/kg of Dryopteris filix methanol leaf extract). The rats were so treated and after 21 days, were sacrificed. The brain of the rats was harvested and used to prepare brain tissue homogenates for the biochemical assay of catalase and MDA using standard procedures. Results obtained show that the varying doses of the plant extract caused a dose dependent increase in catalase activity when compared to the control group. However, the increases were found to be statistically insignificant (p&gt;0.05). Administration of 100mg/kg of the plant extract slightly decreased MDA level, while 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg slightly increased MDA levels in brain of the experimental animals after the 21days treatment period when compared to the control group. However, these observed changes in MDA levels were found to be statistically insignificant (p&gt;0.05). The results of this study shows that the different doses of the plant extract did not cause significant oxidative damage to the brain of the experimental animals.&#x0D;

The influence of L-proline and fulvic acid on oxidative stress and semen quality of buffalo bull semen following cryopreservation.

This study investigates the effects of cryopreservation and supplementation of Azeri water buffalo's semen with proline (Lp) and fulvic acid (FA). Therefore, this study aimed to assess motility parameters, sperm viability, oxidative stress parameters, and DNA damage to detect the optimum concentrations of Lp and FA for buffalo semen cryopreservation. Thirty semen samples of three buffalo bulls were diluted in Tris-egg yolk extender and divided into 12 equal groups including control (C), Lp-10, Lp-20, Lp-40, Lp-60, Lp-80 (containing 10, 20, 40, 60, 80mM L-proline, respectively), FA-0.2, FA-0.5, FA-0.8, FA-1.1, FA-1.4 and FA-1.7 (containing 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.1%, 1.4% and 1.7% fulvic acid, respectively). The velocity parameters, TM and PM were improved by FA-1.7, FA-1.4, Lp-40 and Lp-60 groups compared to the C group but no significant difference was found regarding the amplitude of lateral head displacement and straightness compared to the control groups. The percentage of sperm viability and PMF were increased by FA-1.7, FA-1.4, FA-1.1, Lp-40 and Lp-60 groups compared to C group, while in terms of sperm DNA damage FA-1.7, FA-1.4, FA-1.1, Lp-10, Lp-20, Lp-40 and Lp-60 groups showed better results compared to C group. The results also showed that FA-1.7, FA-1.4, FA-1.1, Lp-20, Lp-40 and Lp-60 groups could improve TAC, SOD, GSH and decrease MDA levels. Also, FA-1.7, FA-1.4, Lp-20 and Lp-40 groups could improve GPx levels but just FA-1.7, and Lp-40 groups could improve CAT levels compared to C group. Thus, it can be concluded that L-proline and fulvic acid supplementations can improve the quality parameters of post-thawed buffalo bull semen.

The Alleviating Impacts of Quercetin on Inflammation and Oxidant-antioxidant Imbalance in Rats with Allergic Asthma.

Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways. We assessed the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative impacts of quercetin, a plant derivative, on inflammatory and oxidative indices in lung tissue and serum of rats with asthma.Asth ma was induced by ovalbumin. Rats were divided into 4 groups: control, asthma+vehicle (Receieved normal saline), asthma+dexamethasone, and asthma+quercetin. After asthma induction, quercetin (50 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (2.5 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally once daily for 1 week. On day 50, lung histopathology indices; inflammatory factors; tissue gene expression, including GATA Binding Protein 3 (Gata-3), Tbx21 (T-bet), Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Il10 (IL-10), Il1b (IL-1β), Il6 (IL-6), Acta2 (α-SMA), and Tnf (TNF-α); and oxidative stress indices (malondialdehyde [MDA], catalase [CAT], glutathioneperoxidase [GPX], superoxide dismutase [SOD], and total antioxidant capacity [TAC]) in tissue and serum, were evaluated. The results showed that quercetin reduced Gata3, Tnf, Tgfb1, Il1b, and Acta2 gene expression and increased Tbx21 gene expression following asthma. Quercetin also improved oxidative stress by decreasing MDA levels and increasing TAC, CAT, SOD, and GPX levels in serum and lung tissue. Furthermore, quercetin decreased IL6 and TNFα levels and increased IL10 levels in lung tissue after asthma was treated with quercetin. Quercetin ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammation caused by asthma, especially at the tissue level. Therefore, quercetin can be considered a potent antiasthmatic agent.

Efek Konsumsi Kopi terhadap Kadar MDA (Malondialdehid) Tikus Terpapar Asap Rokok

Coffee is the most commonly consumed beverage beside water. In addition to its benefits as a beverage that reduces drowsiness, coffee reportedly possesses a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, and antidiabetic activity. To the best of our knowledge, no scientific studies have been published on the ability of coffee to reduce the increase in MDA levels in experimental animals exposed to cigarette smoke. The purpose of this research was to determine the possibility that coffee can indeed reduce MDA levels in animals exposed to cigarette smoke. The coffee used in this study was instant robusta coffee, which had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. MDA levels were determined using the TBARS method. Results indicated that coffee could decrease MDA levels by 11.84 percent. This data indicates that coffee can mitigate the negative effects of cigarette smoke exposure.

Astragaloside IV-mediated inhibition of oxidative stress by upregulation of ghrelin in type 2 diabetes-induced cognitive impairment.

This study is to observe the upregulation effect of astragaloside IV on ghrelin in diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI) rats and to investigate the pathway in prevention and treatment by reducing oxidative stress. The DCI model was induced with streptozotocin (STZ) in conjunction with a high-fat and high-sugar diet and divided into three groups: model, low-dose (40mg/kg), and high-dose (80mg/kg) astragaloside IV. After 30days of gavage, the learning and memory abilities of rats, as well as their body weight and blood glucose levels, were tested using the Morris water mazeand then detection of insulin resistance, SOD activity, and serum MDA levels. The whole brain of rats was sampled for hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining to observe pathological changes in the hippocampal CA1 region. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect ghrelin expression in the hippocampal CA1 region. A Western blot was used to determine changes in GHS-R1α/AMPK/PGC-1α/UCP2. RT-qPCR was used to determine the levels of ghrelin mRNA. Astragaloside IV reduced nerve damage, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, decreased MDA levels, and improved insulin resistance. Ghrelin levels and expression increased in serum and hippocampal tissues, and ghrelin mRNA levels increased in rat stomach tissues. According to Western blot, it increased the expression of the ghrelin receptor GHS-R1α and upregulated the mitochondrial function associated-protein AMPK-PGC-1α-UCP2. Astragaloside IV increases ghrelin expression in the brain to reduce oxidative stress and delay diabetes-induced cognitive impairment. It may be related to the promotion of ghrelin mRNA levels.

Wolfberry water extract attenuates blue light‐emitting diode damage to ARPE‐19 cells and mouse retina by activating the NRF2 signaling pathway

The wolfberry is believed to improve eyesight in traditional Chinese medicine. Soaking wolfberry in thermos cups has become a common health-preserving practice. The object of this paper was to research the protective effects of wolfberry water extract (WWE) on oxidative injury induced by blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in ARPE-19 cells and C57BL/6J mice. Wolfberry water extract significantly increased cell viability, reduced ROS production, stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibited apoptosis in blue LED-induced cells (P<0.05). The protective effects of WWE against blue LED-induced cytotoxicity and ROS accumulation in cells were abolished by transfection with Nrf2 siRNA. In blue LED-exposed C57BL/6J mice, WWE treatment markedly increased the amplitudes of electroretinogram (ERG) waves a and b, increased the thickness of retinal outer nuclear layer (ONL), activated endogenous antioxidant enzymes, and decreased MDA levels in the retina and lens. WWE also promoted NRF2 translocation and the expression of the downstream genes Ho-1, Nqo1, Gclc, and Gclm in the retina. The protection of WWE in ERG a and b wave amplitudes and ROS levels were abrogated in Nrf2 knockout mice. These results suggested that WWE has beneficial effects on retinal injury induced by blue LED, and mechanisms of action at least partly via the NRF2 signaling pathway.

Red honeybush (Cyclopia genistoides) tea mitigates oxidative imbalance and hyperlipidemia, while improving glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetic rats

Red honeybush tea (RHT) is a tea product developed from Cyclopia spp. which is endemic to South Africa. Aside refreshment, RHT has over the years been used traditionally in the treatment of various diseases including type 2 diabetes. This study investigated the in vivo antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity of RHT concentrated hot water extract in type 2 diabetes (T2D) model of rats. T2D was induced starting with feeding 10 % fructose solution ad libitum for 2 weeks followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg body weight (BW)). Five weeks of treatment of RHT led to significant (P < 0.05) elevation in serum insulin, pancreatic β-cell function, HDL-c levels with concomitant decrease in AST, ALT, ALP, urea, CK-MB, fructosamine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, and insulin resistance in diabetic rats. RHT also significantly (P < 0.05) decreased MDA levels and enhanced level of GSH, activity of SOD, catalase, GR in most of organs (pancreas, liver, kidneys, and heart). Significantly (P < 0.05) improved morphological changes in the islets and β-cells were observed in rats treated with RHT. The data of this study suggest that RHT demonstrates an outstanding antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects in STZ-induced T2D model of rats.