Decrease In BOD Research Articles

PbO2/rGO Electrode as a Superior and Efficient Anode in Electrocatalytic Degradation of Safranine-O

The electrocatalytic degradation method with PbO2/rGO electrode (anode) was chosen to treat Safranine-O waste because it was cheap and environmentally friendly. This research aimed to study the electrocatalytic efficiency of PbO2/rGO working electrode in Safranine-O removal. In this research, rGO and PbO2/rGO electrodes were synthesized and applied to Safranine-O removal through electrochemical degradation. The characterization results of the morphology of rGO are in the form of a layered structure and have the atomic composition of C (82.87%) and O (17.13%). The characterization results of PbO2/rGO are uniform particles with gaps/pores that appear relatively large. The rGO particles in the form of sheets (layers) seem to be distributed on the surface of PbO2. PbO2/rGO electrode has the atomic composition of C (87.24%), O (9.03), and Pb (3.73). The application of PbO2/rGO anode to the electrochemical degradation of Safranine-O showed good performance. It was able to perform dye removal (DE%), as well as a decrease in BOD and COD values up to >95% within 10 minutes at a concentration of 20 ppm. Application on real waste also showed the ability of dye removal, COD, and BOD reduction up to >95%. Coating or modifying the PbO2 anode with rGO can reduce the dissolution of Pb2+ ions in the solution during the electrochemical degradation. This study concluded that the PbO2/rGO electrode has improved the efficiency in Safranine-O degradation. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Kajian Penambahan Bakteri Probiotik Lokal Dengan Interval Waktu Inkubasi 8 Jam Terhadap Perubahan Kadar BOD dan COD Pada Air Buangan Industri Tahu

Tofu has become one of the most popular foods among the people of Indonesia. This encourages the existence of a growing tofu manufacturing industry. However, the growth of this industry also results in a lot of waste being generated. If the waste is not treated properly, it can cause pollution because it contains very high BOD and COD levels. One of the ways that researchers do is by utilizing local probiotic bacteria to help reduce BOD and COD levels. Data analysis in this study is in the form of statistical analysis, where statistical data will be presented with graph/diagram methods that show the results of differences in BOD and COD values in Tofu Industry Wastewater before and after treatment. Based on the results of the study, there was a significant decrease in BOD and COD levels due to the addition of local probiotic bacteria. The efficiency of the largest decrease in BOD levels was 79.88% in the sample variation with a probiotic content of 75% when the incubation time interval was 32 hours. Meanwhile, the largest decrease in COD levels also occurred in the same sample variation with an efficiency of 74.76%.

EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL INDICATORS OF ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE IN THE LOWER DANUBE BASIN

The article explores the nature and trends of hydrochemical parameter connection and changes in the Lower Danube basin. The research examines nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, dissolved oxygen, and biochemical oxygen demand as indicators of anthropogenic influence and surface water quality alterations. The study was conducted between 2015 and 2023 at three sampling points: the Reni and Vilkovo water intakes on the Danube River and the Yalpuh Reservoir, which is connected to the Danube. The study employed mathematical statistics approaches. The research established changes in annual median values, investigated correlation links between chemical components by Spearman correlation, and implemented factor analysis by minimizing residuals. A spatiotemporal analysis of chemical components indicative of anthropogenic impact on the Lower Danube surface water revealed notable changes in the basin during 2019-2021. These changes were manifested as a sharp increase in ammonium concentrations and phosphate growth since 2020-2021, an abnormal decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration in 2019, a decrease in BOD within Yalpuh to the Danube BOD level, and a shift in trends from decreasing to increasing for nitrites. The water quality class also changed. Currently, the Danube River water is of the third quality class for nitrates, phosphates, and ammonium. In the Yalpuh Reservoir, it is of the 2nd class for nitrogen compounds and the 3rd class for phosphates. Two principal groups of chemical components are identified based on their underlying causes and sources, as revealed by correlation and factor analysis. A consistent relationship is observed between ammonium and phosphates across all monitoring sites, suggesting their role as pollutants entering surface waters via wastewater discharge and agricultural runoff and representing the main anthropogenic impact factor. The Danube River displays a specific relationship between nitrates and dissolved oxygen, reflecting the seasonal fluctuations in their concentrations and their underlying causes of changes, which stem from both anthropogenic and natural processes.

Feasibility study of utilization of palm oil mill effluent (POME) as a source for microalgae nutrients

As palm oil productivity increases, the waste produced will increase. Every palm oil industry produces liquid waste known as palm oil mill effluent (POME). POME contains very high BOD and COD so that it can inhibit microalgae growth. Therefore, comprehensive research is needed to find pre-treatment steps to reduce the COD and BOD content in POME before it is used as a medium for the growth and development of microalgae. The experimental mixture procedure carried out POME and microalgae according to the specified ratio. Research shows that Pond IV POME waste can be used as wild microalgae to grow, thereby reducing the BOD and COD levels of POME waste. Variable modifiers were applied to the volume of POME to the ratio of microalgae volume and the amount of nutrients provided. Microalgae growth with a ratio of 1:4 resulted in a decrease in BOD and COD to 61.66 ppm and 173.33 ppm from 110.6 ppm and 496.67 ppm. On the effect of providing C nutrition (120 ppm), resulted in lower BOD and COD at 65.33 ppm and 186.67 ppm, while the effect of providing N (40 ppm) nutrition resulted in lower BOD and reached 55.41 ppm and 158.33 ppm.

Green Synthesis of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Based on Natural Sand as Methylene Blue Degradation by Electrocoagulation Method

The green synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles based on natural sand as a liquid waste degrader has been conducted. Fe3O4 powder was obtained by separating natural sand using a permanent magnet through the electrocoagulation method with Mn doping and AC composite. The 5 variations of Mn doping aimed to induce ferromagnetic properties and stabilize MnxFe3-xO4 particles as methylene blue degraders, while the AC composite aimed to enhance pollutant absorption. Characterization using Fourier Transform Infrared and X-Ray Diffraction analyzed the functional groups, nanostructure, and crystal size of MnxFe3-xO4 powder, showing that increasing the molarity of Mn doping strengthened functional group bonds and stabilized particle size up to 8.389 Å. The magnetic nanocomposite powder was applied to a methylene blue solution as a model for textile liquid waste. Ultraviolet Visible Light testing revealed decreased light absorbance in the surface state region and an energy bandgap widening of 5.25 eV. The larger energy bandgap indicated a lower refractive index, indicating the clarity of the resulting liquid. COD and BOD testing supported these findings, as samples with 0.3M and 0.7M doping showed a decrease in COD from 299.82 mg/L to 287.27 mg/L and a decrease in BOD from 127.08 mg/L to 115.16 mg/L. The characterization results demonstrated that the magnetic nanocomposite powder MnxFe3-xO4/AC effectively served as a methylene blue degrader. It transformed the sample colour into a clearer state and reduced pollutant levels, complying with the wastewater quality standard. This research offers an environmentally friendly solution for a cost-effective and efficient methylene blue degrader.

Phytoremediation of water quality in the Ciujung River with local potentials of Panicum sp. Bioagent

The Ciujung River has been polluted and its load carrying capacity has decreased. Several parameters that exceed water quality standards are BOD, COD, DO, TDS, temperature, and pH. One of the methods that can be used to reduce pollution in Ciujung River water is phytoremediation. Phytoremediation, namely cleaning, eliminating, and reducing toxicity in polluted land or water with photosynthetic plant mediators. This study aims to improve the water quality of the Ciujung River using the phytoremediation method using plants from the Poaceae family, namely Panicum sp. This study used static phytoremediation techniques with plant variations of 300 grams (P1), 500 grams (P2), and 700 grams (P3) in 5 liters of Ciujung River water samples for 30 days. The results showed that for the mass variation of 300 grams (P1), there was an increase in pH from 6-8, an increase in TDS from 97-322.5 ppm, and a decrease in temperature from 29-25.3°C. In the 500 gram mass variation (P2) there was an increase in pH from 6-8, an increase in TDS from 97-460 ppm, and a temperature from 29-25.4°C. In the 700 gram mass variation (P3) there was an increase in pH from 6-8, an increase in TDS from 97-461 ppm, and a decrease in temperature from 29-25.6°C. And there was a decrease in BOD from 15.6 mg/L – 1.2 mg/L, COD from 33.2 mg/L – 10.3 mg/L, and an increase in DO from 3.7 mg/L – 15.7 mg /l.

Impact of slum upgrading to river water quality in Yogyakarta city, Indonesia

Due to a lack of proper sanitation services, the disposal of residential wastewater from slum areas has become one of the river pollution contributors. In Yogyakarta slums were concentrated along the riverbanks of the Winongo, Code and Gajahwong rivers. Due to slum upgrading, slums have declined from 264.5 ha to 114.72 ha between 2016 and 2020. This research aims to determine the correlation between slum upgrading and river water quality. The data was acquired from the Government of Yogyakarta City, Indonesia, and examined using ten water parameters from 2013 to 2021. Using Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Spearman Rank, it was found that population density positively correlated with Total Coliform and Fecal Coliform (p<0.05). It was also seen that the slum ratio showed a positive correlation with BOD, COD, TSS, pH, and NH3-N (p<0.05). The number of WWTP had a positive correlation with PO4-P (p= 0.037), whereas the number of connected houses to WWTP reported a positive correlation with P04-P (p=0.028). In addition, a significant decrease in BOD, COD, NH3-N, pH, and TSS were found using the Paired t-test and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. (p<0.05). Slum upgrading notably reduced organic pollutants and suspended solids. However, the performance of WWTP did not perform a maximal contribution to reducing PO4-P and Coliform; therefore, it is necessary to improve the performance. This study might be used to enhance the river and urban management in Yogyakarta City.

Palm Oil Milling Effluent (POME) Waste Processing by Using Microalgae Chlamydomonas sp.

Along with the growth in oil palm output, the amount of trash produced will also increase. Every palm oil mill is responsible for the disposal of liquid waste known as palm oil mill effluent (POME). POME includes very high levels of BOD and COD, which may hinder the development of microalgae. Before POME may be utilized as a medium for the growth and development of microalgae, a detailed investigation is required to establish the pretreatment measures necessary to reduce the BOD and COD levels. The purpose of this investigation of POME waste as a substrate for the growth and development of microalgae is to examine the POME processing procedure utilizing wild microalgae. The experimental technique consisted of adding POME and microalgae to the Erlemeyer in accordance with the required proportion. Research demonstrates that POME pond IV waste may be utilized as a substrate for the development of wild microalgae to lower POME waste BOD and COD levels. The variables used were the ratio of POME to microalgae volume and the quantity of nutrients supplied. Microalgae growth at a ratio of 1:4 produced the greatest decreases in BOD and COD, namely 61.66 ppm and 173.33 ppm from 110.6 ppm and 496.67 ppm, respectively. The impact of adding nutrient C at a concentration of 120 ppm led to the greatest decrease of BOD and COD, namely 65.33 ppm and 186.67 ppm, whereas adding nutrient N at a concentration of 40 ppm led to the greatest reduction of BOD and COD, namely 55.41 ppm and 158.33 ppm.

Waste Treatment of Milk Using Aerobic And Anaerobic Honeycomb Waste Processing System To Reduce COD, Bod, NH3N,TSS, Oil, Fat And pH

<p>The dairy industry is one of the industries that continues to grow in Indonesia in line with the large demand for dairy foods. Liquid waste originating from the dairy industry has a special character, namely susceptibility to bacteria. This waste is very easy to decompose and if it is not immediately recycled or controlled it will be very dangerous to the environment around the factory. This research was carried out through the following stages: the seeding process for 12 days, as a stage of the process of bacterial growth and development, marked by a neutral pH, which ranges from 6.9 to 7.All wastewater originating from the production process is channeled into the initial reservoir that has been lye is added which functions to neutralize waste oil. The filtered water enters the aerobic tank, which functions to reduce pollutants in the form of BOD, COD, TSS, Oil and Fat, NH3N, and pH by breaking down bacteria without the need for oxygen. The next stage is that the waste is channeled into an aerobic tank made in the form of a honeycomb which is designed to adhere to the valley-breaking bacterial biofilm for the growth of bacteria. This media is also called wasp nest biofilter media. The percentage of reduction in BOD, COD, pH, NH3N, Oil and Fat before and after being filtered through the milk waste filtering installation at KPSBU Lembang, West Java. The results of the study were a decrease in BOD, 86.5%, COD: 86.83%, TSS: 78.2%, NH3N: 48.23% Fat and Oil: 91.9% and pH in the range 6-9.</p>

Kajian Pengolahan Limbah Cair CPO (Minyak Sawit Mentah) dengan Air Laut dan PAC (Poly Aluminium Chlorida) dalam Menurunkan Kadar Minyak/ Lemak, BOD, COD, TSS dan Menstabilkan Nilai pH

Palm Oil Mill Liquid Waste (PMKS) is a potential source of pollution for humans and the environment. PMKS liquid waste generally has a high temperature, is brown, contains dissolved and suspended solids in the form of colloids and high residues of oil, BOD, and COD. If the effluent is not treated first and immediately discharged into the waters, it has the potential to pollute the environment. Previous studies have shown that the comparison value of seawater and liquid waste is 1:3. The highest decrease was 97.3% for BOD, 94.8% for COD, 94.43% for oils and fats, 87.36% for TSS, and a pH of 60.7% with a pH value of 8.5 at a rotation of 60 minutes. The results of this study showed that there was a higher level of pollution reduction. Therefore, in this study, we tried to treat palm oil effluent with seawater and Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAC) and the result is the highest decrease in BOD at 96.21%, COD the highest at 97.5%, the highest oil/fat figure was 48.5%, the highest TSS number 58.0%, the highest pH 13.5%. Suggestions in the CPO liquid waste treatment process should take advantage of the by-product of the anaerobic treatment process that produces methane gas. which can be used to generate electricity. And it can be applied to the initial stage of the CPO liquid waste WWTP which is then processed for the sediment because it contains oil as the raw material for making cream soap.

COVID-19 lockdown and environmental pollution: an Indian multi-state investigation.

Originating from China, COVID-19 became the first-ever coronavirus pandemic, wreaking havoc in 218 nations. The lack of a potential treatment exacerbated by the inability of the healthcare infrastructure to contain the viral trajectory led to a worldwide lockdown. The anthropogenic halt presented an unprecedented background to quantify the effect of the anthroposphere on environmental pollution. Consequently, we analyzed the variations in the air (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2) and water pollutants (BOD, COD, DO, coliform) using real-time monitoring data in the majorly hit Indian metropolitan states during the lockdown in contrast to 2019 levels. The overall AQI (air quality index) de-escalated by −31.35%, −34.35%, −32.63%, −29.25% in Delhi, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, and Karnataka, respectively, from the 2019 levels. The daily concentrations of NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 plunged tremendously. The exact pre-disposing factors responsible for higher COVID-19 transmission in some geographical centers remain elusive. Investigations have corroborated putative links between air pollutants and COVID-19 mortalities. Therefore, we further mapped PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2 to co-relate with COVID-19 infectivity and mortality across the study states. Significant (P < 0.001) positive correlation between COVID-19 transmission was established for all pollutants with maximum co-relation with AQI followed by NO2. River Ganga water in Uttarakhand was deemed “fit for drinking” for the first time in two decades. An aggregate of −71.94, −61.32, and −77.94 decrease in BOD, COD, total coliform levels, and an 11.75 rise in the average DO levels from 2019 data. This study will better assist the future framework of health and environment restoration policies.

The effect of time and velocity variation in sequencing batches reactor on cod and bod, removal efficiency in tofu waste

The tofu industry produces liquid waste that can cause pollution if it is not processed first. Tofu liquid waste has the characteristics of containing high organic matter such as BOD and COD so that if it has directly discharged into the environment, it will reduce the carrying capacity of the environment. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyse the effect of variations in times and velocity of sequence batch reactor on the optimization of COD and BOD removal in tofu industrial wastewater by anaerobic bacteria originating from natural sediments. The method used is an experimental method where the method is to find the effect on other things controlled by using artificial waste. The removal of COD and BOD in tofu industrial wastewater can be done by biological treatment process with attached growth using Sequencing Batch Reactor. The reactor inoculated by the septic tank sediment was fed with artificial waste containing a concentration of COD of 7,000 mg/l and BOD of 2,000 mg/l. For 35 days, this reactor will be operated in batches. Results showed a decrease in BOD and COD parameters using a sequencing batch reactor with BOD concentration 176 mg/l and COD concentration 570 mg/l.

The use of subsurface constructed wetland for the treatment of tofu industrial wastewater in Semanan, Jakarta Barat

The tofu preparing industry, typically done by the little businesses, can be found in almost every city in Indonesia and is dominated by industrial house stairways. The largest industry does not have a unit of processing wastewater. The wastewater focus is as yet over the edge quality norm, which messed contamination up. Constructed wetlands are affordable and reliable green technologies to diminish water contamination by utilizing plants. This study aims to know the quality of tofu industrial wastewater in Semanan, Jakarta Barat and analyze the removal of pollutants. The performance of the horizontal flow type Sub-Surface Flow constructed wetland with Typha latifolia plant. The media used were soil, sand, and gravel with a Typha latifolia plant. Testing the quality of tofu wastewater in Constructed wetland every 7 days at inlet and outlet, the sample was taken for TSS, BOD, and COD concentration. This research showed that the reactor could decrease TSS by 91.17% on day 36, a decrease of BOD 89.30% on day 15, and COD 87.86% on day 36. Those plants can produce growth fertile. These results fulfil the requirement of the quality standards of the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 05 of 2014.

PENGARUH VARIASI MEDIA DAN JUMLAH TUMBUHAN TYPHA LATIFOLIA TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR BOD DAN COD PADA LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU DI SIDOARJO

Sidoarjo Regency is one of the supporting districts of East Java province. Sidoarjo Regency is experiencing rapid progress because of the development and potential in trade and industry. One of the industries often found in Sidoarjo Regency is tofu factory. The rapid number of tofu craftsmen industry has caused an increase in the volume of liquid waste which also flows into water bodies. The purpose of this study was to determine the reduction in BOD and COD levels for the tofu factory wastewater treatment in the Sepande area, Sidoarjo Regency using a contructed wetland with Typha latifolia as the remediator. The research stage will be carried out using a laboratory scale using acclimatization as the adaptation stage of Typha latifolia and a crontructed wetland reactor as phytoremediation processing. Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that there was a decrease in BOD and COD levels in the tofu industrial wastewater in Sidoarjo using the Constructed Wetland system. The percentage reduction in BOD content was greatest in soil media with 3 stems of Typha latifolia plants and a detention time of 4 days of 72%. While the largest percentage reduction in COD levels was in soil media with 2 stems of Typha latifolia plants and 4 days of detention time of 84%.

Effectiveness of Utilization Kerang Dara Shell’s (Andara Granosa) As A Coagulants in Industrial Waste Water Treatment Processing

Andara granosa shell is one of the bivalves that is found in Indonesia. The high level of andara granosa is meat consumption without being followed by right processing of the shells, makes andara granosa shells become a waste that distrupts the environment. Andara granosa is contain a lot of CaCO3 Andara granosa shells contain a lot of CaCO3 which makes it can be used as a coagulant. Shells containing CaCO3 are converted into CaO (Calcite) first by the process of calcination. In this study, calcite was obtained through the process of calcining of andara granosa shells at 800 °C for 4 hours, which was dried and destructed before. The calcite optimization test in andara granosa is done by analyzing the ratio of calcite concentration variation (600 ppm, 700 ppm, 800 ppm, 900 ppm, 1000 ppm) to the decrease in BOD, COD, and TSS values in industrial liquid waste. The test results show the optimal optimal decrease in BOD, COD, and TSS values is at a concentration of 900 ppm with an effectiveness of 80.53%. The relationship between the concentration of coagulant to decrease in BOD value is shown by the equation y = -6.7043x2-50.275x + 599.83 and R2 = 0.9356,% effectiveness of COD 81.16%. The relationship between the concentration of coagulant to decrease in COD value is shown by the equation y = -4.3214x2-130.15 x + 1033.4 and R2 = 0.9492,% effectiveness of TSS 96.10%. The relationship between coagulant concentrations and the decrease in TSS values is shown by the equation y = 32.611x2-304.24x + 697.95 and R2 = 0.9088. Thus calcite with raw material of blood shells can reduce the optimal BOD, COD, and TSS values at a concentration of 900ppm.

Hotel Wastewater Treatment by Integrating Mixing and Electrocoagulation Process

Hotels used a considerable amount of water and chemicals for guest rooms, pools, landscaping, laundry, gardening, and other activities, depending on hotel categories. In this research, the liquid waste of the hotel was treated by a combination of mixing and electrocoagulation process to produce clean water, which was safely discharged into the environment. The EC reactor was equipped with 6 (six) Al electrodes as baffles with a current strength of 12 Aand operated in a continuous process. The agitation rate of turbine impeller was fixed at 100 rpm, while the influent flow rate into the EC reactor was maintained at 200 mL/min. The influences of differences in electrode configurations (i.e., 3 Anodes 3 Cathodes and 4 Anodes 2 Cathodes) on pH, turbidity, and BOD of the effluent were studied. Based on the experimental results, the Al electrode configuration of 4 Anodes 2 Cathodes showed better results than 3 Anodes 3 Cathodes. The decrease in BOD and turbidity were 84% and 93%, respectively. This technology can be considered as a promising green technologyto treat various industrial wastewater as well as reduce the raw water pollution by the industrial waste.

Potential and characterization biogas from tofu liquid waste with addition cow dung and effective microorganisms 4 as biocatalyst

Energy is a source that needed by human life and cannot be separated. Fossil fuel has historically been the world’s most used energy source. However, the source of energy from fossil fuels has decreased, so it necessary to develop alternative energy sources. One of the energy sources that can be used is biogas. Organic wastes such as tofu liquid waste (TLW) and cow dung can be used as a source of biogas energy, because these organic wastes are known to have high methane gas content. The purpose of this research is to determine the optimum temperature and pH during the process fermentation of biogas, the content of biogas compounds analyse, the theoretical calorific value of biogas, as well as the BOD, COD, and TSS content of organic waste before and after fermentation process. The biogas production takes place through anaerobic digestion for about 35 days. From the results of this study, the highest CH4 gas content was 90.351%. The result of theoretical biogas calorific value was 50148.932 kJ/kg for HHV and 46908.932 kJ/kg for LHV, temperature conditions in range of 25–30 °C and a pH value in the range of 7.0 to 8.0. Besides producing energy, the organic waste fermentation process can also reduce levels of organic pollutants BOD, COD, and TSS in the liquid waste used. The highest decrease in BOD, COD, and TSS levels were 97.52%; 91.12%; and 91.22%.

Bioremediasi Limbah Cair Industri Tahu Menggunakan Larutan EM4 secara Anaerob-Aerob

This research using a bioremediation treatment process with anaerobic-aerobic system by mixing tofu liquid waste and EM4 solution into the reactor. The variation of EM4 solution that will be used in this research is 1/20 of concentration with 1/10 of concentration and detention time. This research was conducted for 8 days. The result showed that EM4 solution was able to reduce BOD, COD, and TSS by usinng variations in concentration and detention time. The most significant decrease in BOD, COD, adn TSS levels occured on the 8 day. BOD levels for the first reactor at a concentration of 1/10 with a removal efficiency of 48,98% and a second reactor with removal efficiency of 48,98%. For the 1/20 concentration the removal efficiency was 37,33% and in second reactor the removal efficiency was 37,34%. COD levels for the first reactor at a concentration of 1/10 with a removal efficiency of 61,82% and a second reacotor with removal efficiency of 62,10%. For the 1/20 concentration the removal efficiency was 30,39% an in second reactor the removal efficiency was 34,98%. TSS levels for the first reactor at a concentration 1/20 with removal efficiency of 41,17% and in the second reactor the removal efficiency of 43,59%. At 1/20 concentration the removal efficiency of TSS levels was 1,02% in the first reactor and in the second reactor the removal efficiancy was 5,10%. Bioremediation using EM4 solution can be used to reduce levels of BOD, COD, and TSS of tofu liquid waste according to the applicable quality standards

Evaluation of the Efficiency of a Septic Tank Combined with Anaerobic Filter, Filled with Plastic Residue, Including a Root Zone

Considering the damages resulting from the dumping of waste in natura in the bodies of water and soil, an alternative system of treatment of domestic effluent with septic tank and an anaerobic filter was installed, following a root zone. The evaluation of the efficiency of the system was based on analyzes of the physical, chemical, biological variables and ecotoxicological tests (toxicity tests with Ceriodaphnia dubia). The conductivity values decreased after treatment (83.4%), from 3380 to 561 µS cm-1. The average efficiency of removal of organic matter was 88.75% and there was a significant decrease in BOD. The removal of phosphorus was 97.68% and nitrogen was 94.7%. The toxicity tests determined an LC50 = 1.70% for the raw effluent and in the treated effluent, an LC50 = 16.63%. The system achieved good efficiency in the reduction of all analyzed parameters. The use of a plastic residue as a filter element has proved quite feasible.

Temporal behavior analysis of leachate contamination in a tropical landfill.

Leachate generation is one of the problems present in the landfills and dumps, needing monitoring and quantification for the environmental conservation. The objective of this paper is to evaluate temporal data of leachate contamination in a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill, located in the midwest of São Paulo state, Brazil. The physical-chemical parameters and chemical compounds of the local groundwater were evaluated during 13years (2002 to 2015). The methodology included data processing and temporal behavior analysis by Mann-Kendall test. Physical-chemical parameters demonstrated a change from acid to basic medium and decrease of BOD, COD, and TOC concentrations. Chemical compounds demonstrated high concentrations close to the administration building of the landfill, despite the decrease of certain compounds (Al, Fe, Hg, K, Na, Pb, SO42-, total PO43-, Zn) over time in the entire landfill area. The results demonstrate that the landfill is in natural attenuation process, and the structures of the surrounding landscape and the location of the MSW disposal are fundamental to understand the presence and rate of each chemical compound.