Decrease In Rate Research Articles

Anti-relapse therapy in children with chronic secondary pyelonephritis: evaluation of effectiveness and rationale for a differentiated approach

Currently, there is no unified system of anti-relapse treatment of pyelonephritis in children.Purpose. To assess the feasibility of prescribing and effectiveness of various anti-relapse therapy regimens to prevent exacerbations of the disease in children with chronic secondary pyelonephritis.Materials and Methods. The study involved 158 children with chronic secondary pyelonephritis aged 2 to 14 years, including 130 (82.3%) girls and 28 boys (17.7%). The children were divided into the following groups: Group A (n=32) — furazidine — 14 days, anti-relapse therapy after 12 months; Group B (n=34) — furazidine — 14 days, then — Canephron 1 month, anti–relapse therapy after 12 months; Group C (n=34) — Canephron 3 months, anti-relapse therapy after 12 months; Group D (n=30) — furazidine — 14 days, then — Canephron 1 month of anti–relapse therapy after 6 months; Group E (n=28) — furazidine — 14 days of anti-relapse therapy was not performed. Results. It was found that the recurrence rate of chronic secondary pyelonephritis for a 24-month follow-up in Group A was 28.1% (n=9), in Group B, 14.7% (n=5), in Group C, 20.5% (n=7), in Group D, 10% (n=3), in Group E, 42.9% (n=12). The timing of relapse of chronic secondary pyelonephritis was different, with the largest increase in the proportion of patients with exacerbations in the period from 6 to 12 months. The average recurrence rate per year in the catamnesis in all children (n=158) was 1.4 [1.2–1.6], during the prospective follow-up, a statistically significant (p=0.001) decrease in the recurrence rate to 0.36 [0.2–0.79] was noted. Conclusion. The data obtained confirm the feasibility of anti-relapse therapy in children with chronic secondary pyelonephritis.

Hybrid approach of type-2 fuzzy inference system and PSO in asthma disease

This research work presents a hybrid approach combining a type-2 fuzzy inference system with particle swarm optimization (PSO) to develop a type-2 fuzzy optimized inference system, specifically tailored for asthma patient data. Addressing the inherent uncertainty in medical diagnostics, this model enhances traditional type-1 fuzzy logic by incorporating ambiguity into linguistic variables and utilizing type-2 fuzzy if-then rules. The system is trained to minimize diagnostic error in asthma disease identification. Applied to a dataset comprising eight medical entities from asthma patients, the model demonstrates substantial accuracy improvements. Numerical computations validate the system, showing a decrease in error rate from 1.445 to 0.03, indicating a significant enhancement in diagnostic precision. These results underscore the potential of our model in medical diagnostic problems, providing a novel and effective tool for tackling the complexities of asthma diagnosis.

The Association of ICSI Outcomes with Semen and Blood Bisphenol A Concentrations of the Male Partner.

This study investigated the association of blood and semen Bisphenol A (BPA) levels of the male partner on the reproductive outcome in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment cycles. For this prospective study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02703584), blood and semen samples of the male partner of the 75 women who had ICSI were analyzed. The study group consisted of men who had ICSI for male factor infertility other than azoospermia, while men with normal spermiogram whose partners underwent ICSI due to tubal factor infertility were taken as the study group. Habitual consumption of drinking water from plastic carboys/bottles (PBW) at home was also questioned in both groups as it was considered as chronic BPA exposure. The association of ICSI outcome with blood BPA (bBPA) and semen BPA (sBPA) levels was analyzed in both groups. No significant correlation was found between sperm parameters and bBPA levels in both groups. A negative correlation was found between sBPA levels and total sperm count and progressive sperm motility in men who consumed PBW. Embryo development arrest was found to be significantly higher in patients who have high sBPA levels. Although sBPA levels were not different in PBW consumers, bBPA levels were found to be significantly lower in those who consumed tap water (TW) than those who used PBW. Elevated bBPA were associated with a significant decrease in clinical pregnancy rate. Considering the widespread human exposure to BPA, the effect of BPA on the male reproductive system needs to be further examined.

Improved surface properties of AISI-420 steel by Ti[sbnd]C based coating using graphite cathodic cage with titanium lid in plasma deposition

In this work, titanium‑carbon (TiC) based coating is deposited on AISI-420 martensite stainless steel samples to improve surface properties. The coating is deposited using a graphite cathodic cage equipped with a titanium lid, which acts as a source of carbon and titanium. The hardness of samples (untreated hardness of 220 HV0.25) is increased up to 1337 HV0.25 and 1524 HV0.25 by coating deposition at cathodic (base plate connected with cathodic cage) and floating potential (with no external potential). The sample treated at cathodic potential exhibits expanded martensitic phase due to diffusion of carbon atoms. In contrast, additional TiC and chromium carbide Cr23C6 peaks are formed while treated at floating potential. The thickness of carburizing layer is 80 and 77 μm, when the coating is deposited at cathodic and floating potential, respectively. The wear volume of the untreated sample (1200 × 10−4 mm3) is reduced to ∼ (20 × 10−4 mm3) after the coating deposition, and the friction coefficient is also reduced due to the coating deposition. A significant decrease in corrosion rate is also observed, specifically at floating potential. It suggests that Ti-C-based coating using this modified cathodic cage plasma deposition (CCPD) is beneficial for the hardness, wear, and corrosion resistance of AISI-420 steel.

Sensitive simultaneous measurements of oxygenation and extracellular pH by EPR using a stable monophosphonated trityl radical and lithium phthalocyanine

The monitoring of acidosis and hypoxia is crucial because both factors promote cancer progression and impact the efficacy of anti-cancer treatments. A phosphonated tetrathiatriarylmethyl (pTAM) has been previously described to monitor both parameters simultaneously, but the sensitivity to tackle subtle changes in oxygenation was limited. Here, we describe an innovative approach combining the pTAM radical and lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) crystals to provide sensitive simultaneous measurements of extracellular pH (pHe) and pO2. Both parameters can be measured simultaneously as both EPR spectra do not overlap, with a gain in sensitivity to pO2 variations by a factor of 10. This procedure was applied to characterize the impact of carbogen breathing in a breast cancer 4T1 model as a proof-of-concept. No significant change in pHe and pO2 was observed using pTAM alone, while LiPc detected a significant increase in tumor oxygenation. Interestingly, we observed that pTAM systematically overestimated the pO2 compared to LiPc. In addition, we analyzed the impact of an inhibitor (UK-5099) of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) on the tumor microenvironment. In vitro, the exposure of 4T1 cells to UK-5099 for 24 h induced a decrease in pHe and oxygen consumption rate (OCR). In vivo, a significant decrease in tumor pHe was observed in UK-5099-treated mice, while there was no change for mice treated with the vehicle. Despite the change observed in OCR, no significant change in tumor oxygenation was observed after the UK-5099 treatment. This approach is promising for assessing in vivo the effect of treatments targeting tumor metabolism.

Toxic effect of mercury on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonisation and physiological status of three seed-based Miscanthus hybrids

BackgroundCurrently, mercury pollution is a widespread problem in the world. As mercury is difficult to remove from the environment, it has long-term negative effects on soil health and human life. One of the techniques to stabilise Hg is phytostabilisation, which can be supported by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). MethodsIn a 4-month pot experiment, we investigated the suitability of three seed-based Miscanthus hybrids (GNT3, GNT34, GNT43) for growth on soils heavily polluted with mercury (6795.7 mg kg-1). During the experiment, the effects of high soil contamination with mercury on physiological parameters and colonisation of roots of seed-based Miscanthus hybrids by indigenous AMF from Hg-contaminated and uncontaminated soils were investigated. ResultsA high pseudo-total Hg concentration (6795.75 mg kg-1) in soil was found. The Hg content in the aerial part of GNT34 grown on Hg-contaminated soil was 1.5 times and 3 times higher than GNT3 and GNT43, respectively. The Hg content in the roots of GNT3 on Hg-contaminated soil was 25% and 10% lower than that of GNT34 and GNT43, respectively. The N content in the aboveground part of GNT34 in the Hg variant was 13.5% lower compared to the control soil. The P and K content in the shoots of the Miscanthus hybrids was lower in the plants grown on Hg-contaminated soil. The P content in GNT43 in the Hg variant was 33% and 19% lower than in GNT34 and GNT3, respectively. The K content in GNT34 in the Hg variant was 24.7% and 31.4% higher than in GNT43 and GNT3, respectively. The dry weight of the shoots and roots as well as the shoot height of the Miscanthus hybrids were lower in Hg-contaminated soil. Lower values of AMF root colonisation parameters (F, M) were observed in the plants in the Hg variant. In the Hg variant, a lower photosynthetic rate and a decrease in chlorophyll content were observed in the leaves of the Miscanthus hybrids. In the Hg variant, an increase in the content of flavonols was observed. The strongest toxic effect of mercury on the light phase of photosynthesis was measured in GNT34. ConclusionSoils heavily contaminated with mercury negatively affected the physiological parameters of Miscanthus, as evidenced by a decrease in photosynthetic rate and biomass. The ability of indigenous AMF from Hg-contaminated soils to colonise the roots of seed-based Miscanthus hybrids was limited.

Efficacy of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide as an adjuvant therapy for severe heart failure, and its impact on oxidative stress and quality of life in patients

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide as an adjuvant therapy for severe heart failure, and its effect on oxidative stress and quality of life in patients.
 Methods: The study was conducted on 100 patients with severe heart failure who met the screening criteria for this study. They were evenly but randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the control group were given routine treatment (diuretics and cardiac stimulants) for severe heart failure, while the study group received recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide adjuvant therapy in addition to the treatment administered to the control group. Cardiac function, heart rate, oxidative stress indicators, quality of life levels, and adverse drug reactions during treatment were compared before and after treatment.
 Results: After the intervention, the NT-proBNP level in the study group was significantly lower than in the control group while LVEF level was significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the study group showed a significant decrease in heart rate (p < 0.05). The MDA level of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group while the SOD and GSH-PX levels were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, the GQOLI-74 score of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in incidence of adverse reaction between control and study groups (14.0 and 16.0 %, respectively, p < 0.05).
 Conclusion: Recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide has a significant therapeutic effect on severe heart failure, thus improving patients' cardiac function, alleviating their oxidative stress state and enhancing their quality of life, and is also safe.

Tire particles and their leachates reduce the filtration rate of the mussel Mytilus edulis

Microplastics (MPs) are found in aquatic environments all over the world. Among MPs, tire wear particles (TWPs) are a major contributor to microplastic pollution, and their effects on marine ecosystems are of emerging concern. The blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) is a keystone species in coastal ecosystems with a high risk of exposure to microplastic pollution as the microplastics often overlap in size with the plankton consumed by mussels. In the present study, we investigated the effect of tire particles and their leachates on the filtration rates of M. edulis after short (72 h) and long-term (3 weeks) exposure. Acute exposure to leachates alone causes a significant decrease in the filtration rates of M. edulis with a low observed effect concentration (LOEC) of 1.25 g L−1 and a median effect concentration (EC50) = 3 g L−1. At a concentration of 1.25 g L−1, the filtration rate was reduced compared to the control on average by 38% when mussels were exposed to either TWP or leachates for 72 h. Similarly, mussels exposed to tire particles or their leachates for 3 weeks showed a 46% reduction in filtration rates, compared to the control group. A non-significant difference in filtration rate decrease was found between leachates alone or TWP, which indicates that leachates are the main responsible for the observed toxicity. Our findings indicate that elevated levels of TWP pollution can cause an adverse impact on M. edulis. This could disrupt the natural grazing pressure exerted by M. edulis on phytoplankton, potentially leading to an increased likelihood of algal blooms and hypoxia occurrence in coastal ecosystems.

Statistical process control in pulsed drip irrigation systems

Pulse drip application is a management option to prevent clogging and improve water-use efficiency. The measurement of distribution uniformity is opportune for pulse irrigation projects to ensure efficiency since the shorter the pulse time, the more negative influence the transition periods have. The objective of the present work was to monitor the quality of a drip irrigation system with different emitter models and different pulse times. The experiment was conducted under laboratory bench conditions, and 25 tests were performed for each pulse application (2, 3, 6 and 12 minutes) and emitter model (non-compensated and auto-compensated). Uniformity was determined using Christiansen's uniformity coefficient (CUC) and distribution uniformity coefficient (DUC) and monitored by Shewhart control charts and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA). The decrease in pulse time caused a decrease in flow rate and uniformity only in drip irrigation systems with non auto-compensated emitters. However, this decrease is subtle, to the point that uniformity presented an excellent performance for all pulses tested. The use of the Shewhart and EWMA control charts were effective in monitoring the uniformity of the pulsed drip irrigation system. The Shewhart control chart was more robust in identifying isolated non-compensated uniformities, while the EWMA control chart was more sensitive in identifying unstable propensity. In the treatments with the non-compensated emitter, the statistical process control was able to identify that shorter pulse times resulted in greater application instability. As for the auto-compensated emitters, the statistical process control highlighted the concern with application uniformity after maintenance interference.
 Keywords: anti-drain emitter, high-frequency irrigation, irrigation interval, statistical quality control.

Analysis on occupational dust or harmful gas exposure and protection in people aged 40 and above in China, 2019-2020

Objective: To understand the current status of occupational exposure to dust or harmful gases and occupational protection in people aged ≥40 years in China, and provide data support for the prevention and control of occupational dust or harmful gas exposure. Methods: The data were obtained from the surveillance for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults aged ≥40 years selected by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling from 125 surveillance points in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) during 2014-2015 and 2019-2020, and relevant information about occupational dust or harmful gas exposure and protection measures were collected through face-to-face interviews. Occupational dust or harmful gas exposure rate and occupational protection rate were estimated by using weighting complex sampling methods, and then the results were compared. Results: From 2014 to 2015 and from 2019 to 2020, a total of 71 061 and 71 023 individuals aged ≥40 years were surveyed, respectively. The rate of occupational exposure to dust or hazardous gas was 33.8% (95%CI: 29.9%-37.7%) during 2019-2020. The occupational exposure rate was higher in men than in women and in rural residents than in urban residents. With the increase of education level, the rate of occupational exposure to dust or harmful gas showed a downward trend. The protection rate against occupational dust or hazardous gas exposure was 47.9% (95%CI: 43.2%-52.6%) during 2019-2020. Compared with 2014-2015, the rate of occupational exposure to dust or hazardous gas decreased by 10.7 percentage points in different gender, area and occupational groups and the occupational protection rate increased by 21.9 percentage points during 2019-2020. The decrease in occupational exposure rate was higher in western China than in eastern and central China, and the increase in occupational protection rate was higher in western China than in eastern and central China. Conclusions: The rate of occupational exposure to dust or harmful gas decreased and the rate of occupational protection against dust or harmful gas exposure increased in China during 2019-2020. However, about one-third of the population still suffer from the occupational exposure, and less than half of them take protection measures. It is necessary to pay more attention to the key populations, such as workers with lower cultural level and rural migrant workers, in occupational health practice.

Impact of skilled nursing facility (SNF) 3-day hospitalization requirement waiver during the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency department and inpatient SNF discharges in California.

We sought to study the impact of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid services (CMS) waiver of the 3-day hospitalization requirement for skilled nursing facility (SNF) care implemented as part of the Federal COVID-19 response on emergency department (ED) and inpatient hospital SNF discharges. We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study of hospital ED and inpatient visits in California during 18 months before (prewaiver, September 2018-February 2020) and 18 months after (waiver, March 2020-August 2021) waiver implementation. Data were collected from all adult ED and admitted patients utilizing California Department of Health Care Access and Information datasets from all acute care hospitals licensed in the state. Prewaiver and waiver periods were compared for SNF discharge/disposition rates stratified by patient demographic and hospital data with differences in the proportion and 95% confidence interval [CI] reported (SPSS). SNF discharges decreased from the prewaiver to waiver periods from the ED (-7.4% [CI -8.1%, -6.6%]), along with larger declines occurring from the inpatient hospital setting (-18.1% [CI -18.4%, -17.9%]). For Medicare beneficiaries, there was a smaller decrease in ED SNF rates (-3.8% [CI -4.7%, -2.9%]), and there was no significant change for SNF discharge rates for inpatient admissions with a length of stay (LOS)<3 days (+1.0% [CI 0.0%, 2.1%]). In California, the CMS waiver did not result in an increase, but an actual decrease rate of SNF discharges from the ED and inpatient setting, though with smaller declines for the ED, Medicare patients, and those with a LOS<3 days.

From Homogeneity to Turing Pattern: Kinetically Controlled Self-Organization of Transmembrane Protein.

Understanding the spatial organization of membrane proteins is crucial for unraveling key principles in cell biology. The reaction-diffusion model is commonly used to understand biochemical patterning; however, applying reaction-diffusion models to subcellular phenomena is challenging because of the difficulty in measuring protein diffusivity and interaction kinetics in the living cell. In this work, we investigated the self-organization of the plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (PLVAP), which creates regular arrangements of fenestrated ultrastructures, using single-molecule tracking. We demonstrated that the spatial organization of the ultrastructures is associated with a decrease in the association rate by actin destabilization. We also constructed a reaction-diffusion model that accurately generates a hexagonal array with the same 130 nm spacing as the actual scale and informs the stoichiometry of the ultrastructure, which can be discerned only through electron microscopy. Through this study, we integrated single-molecule experiments and reaction-diffusion modeling to surpass the limitations of static imaging tools and proposed emergent properties of the PLVAP ultrastructure.

Effect of a Substrate’s Preheating Temperature on the Microstructure and Properties of Ni-Based Alloy Coatings

Laser cladding is a new technology to fabricate a coating on the surface of a metal substrate. The properties on copper substrates are usually not very good due to the high thermal conductivity and reflectivity. The appropriate preheating temperature is helpful to fabricate coatings with good quality and properties, especially for copper substrates. In order to investigate the effect of different preheating temperatures, four coatings with different preheating temperatures (100, 200, 300 and 400 °C) were fabricated via a laser on a copper substrate. The microstructures and properties of four coatings were investigated using SEM, XRD, EDS, a Vickers microhardness meter, a wear tester and an electrochemical workstation. The results show that the elements from Ni-based alloy powder were uniformly distributed among the binding region, which obtained a good metallurgical bonding. The microstructure was mainly composited of cellular, dendrite and plane crystals, and the main reinforced phases were γ (Fe, Ni), Cr0.09Fe0.7Ni0.21, WC and Ni3B. The values of average microhardness of the four coatings were 614.3, 941.6, 668.1 and 663.1 HV0.5, respectively. The wear rates of the four coatings were 9.7, 4.9, 12.5 and 13.3 × 10−5 mm3·N−1·m−1, respectively, which were less than that of the copper substrate (4.3 × 10−3 mm3·N−1·m−1). The decrease in wear rate was due to the existence of the reinforced phases, such as WC, Ni3B, M7C3 (M=Fe, Cr) and Cr0.09Fe0.7Ni0.21. The fine crystals in the coating preheated at 200 °C also improved the wear resistance. Additionally, the minimum values of corrosion current density were 3.26 × 10−5, 2.34 × 10−7, 4.02 × 10−6 and 4.21 × 10−6 mA·mm−2, respectively. It can be seen that the coating preheated at 200 °C had higher microhardness, lower wear rates and better corrosion resistance due to the existence of reinforced phases and fine and uniform crystals.

Hemoadsorption and Coagulation Systemic Rebalance in Patients Undergoing Nonelective Cardiac Surgery and Treated with Antithrombotics

Introduction: Insufficient withdrawal duration of antithrombotics leads to excessive bleeding after major surgery. We hypothesize that intraoperative hemoadsorption (HA) can reduce postoperative allogeneic transfusion requirements and excessive bleeding events (EBE), without an increase in ischemic/thromboembolic events (ITE) in patients who have taken antithrombotics and undergone nonelective cardiac surgery. Methods: A total of 460 patients admitted to our hospital from 2018 to 2022 were included in this study and divided into two groups: HA and non-HA. Because of the risk of bias due to differences in antithrombotic type, withdrawal duration, or basic coagulation function, propensity score matching was used for analyses. Results: Out of 154 cases in the HA group, 144 pairs were successfully matched. No HA safety events such as hemolysis, hypotension, or device failure occurred. After matching, the two groups were found to be comparable in preoperative antithrombotic type, withdrawal duration, platelets and coagulation function, and demographic and perioperative characteristics. Although the HA group did not have a reduced incidence of EBE, this group exhibited significant decreases in the transfusion rate and volume, the incidence of ITE, acute kidney injury, and central nervous system injury. Conclusions: For patients who have undergone nonelective cardiac surgery and taken antithrombotics, HA can simply and safely rebalance the postoperative coagulation system and have associations with reduced transfusion and postoperative ITE.

Knockdown of the ABCG23 Gene Disrupts the Development and Lipid Accumulation of Panonychus citri (Acari/Tetranychidae).

Panonychus citri is a worldwide citrus pest that is currently controlled through the use of insecticides. However, alternative strategies are required to manage P. citri. Recent studies suggest that the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter G subfamily plays a crucial role in transporting cuticular lipids, which are essential for the insect's barrier function against microbial penetration. Therefore, investigating the potential of the ABC transporter G subfamily as a control measure for P. citri could be a promising approach. Based on the genome database, the gene was cloned, and the transcriptional response of ABCG23 for the different developmental stages of P. citri and under spirobudiclofen stress was investigated. Our results showed that the expression level of ABCG23 was significantly lower in adult females exposed to treatment compared to the control and was higher in females than males. The knockdown of ABCG23 using RNAi led to a decrease in the survival rate, fecundity, and TG contents of P. citri. Additionally, a lethal phenotype was characterized by body wrinkling and darkening. These results indicate that ABCG23 may be involved in cuticular lipid transportation and have adverse effects on the development and reproduction of P. citri, providing insight into the discovery of new targets for pest management based on the insect cuticle's penetration barrier function.

Late-orogenic extension ceases with waning plate convergence: The case of the Simplon normal fault (Swiss Alps)

The Simplon normal fault in the Western Alps caused tens of kilometers of orogen-parallel extension during convergence of the European and Adriatic plates, but the slip rate of the fault and the time when normal faulting ended are still debated. Here, we constrain the slip history of the Simplon fault with low-T thermochronology and thermo-kinematic modeling. Closely spaced samples from an elevation profile in the center of the fault yield zircon (U–Th)/He ages (ZHe) that are nearly invariant over an altitude of 1.4 km and cluster around ∼6 Ma. In contrast, apatite (U–Th)/He ages (AHe) increase with altitude from 3.4 ± 0.3 to 4.6 ± 0.7 Ma, while the AFT ages range from 4.4 ± 0.7 to 5.8 ± 1.5 Ma. In addition, recently published 40Ar/39Ar ages constrain that our samples moved through the brittle-ductile transition (i.e., ∼300 °C) at 8–10 Ma. Our thermo-kinematic inverse modeling shows that these age data can be explained by a single phase of normal faulting, which lasted from 19.8 ± 1.8 to 5.3 ± 0.3 Ma and caused 45 ± 10 km of extension. The slip rate of the 30°-dipping model fault is 3.5 ± 0.3 km/Myr and equivalent to an exhumation rate of ∼1.8 km/Myr. Our modeling reveals that the altitude-dependent difference between ZHe and AHe ages reflects the thermal relaxation after faulting stopped at ∼5.3 Ma. Since then, exhumation by erosion continued at a rate of ∼0.5 km/Myr. Remarkably, the end of slip on the Simplon fault coincides with the cessation of reverse faulting at 6 ± 2 Ma in the external crystalline massifs of the Alps (Aar, Mont Blanc, Aiguilles Rouges) and with a decrease in strain rate by one order of magnitude at 5-4 Ma in the Swiss molasse basin and the Jura mountains. This temporal coincidence suggests that normal faulting in the internal part of the Alps ceased when plate convergence waned and the under-thrusting of European continental lithosphere beneath the Adriatic plate came to an end.

IMPROVING DETECTION FOR INTRUSION USING DEEP LSTM WITH HYBRID FEATURE SELECTION METHOD

Due to the importance of the intrusion detection system, which is considered supportive of enhancing network security. Therefore, we seek to increase the efficiency of intrusion detection systems through the use of deep learning mechanisms. However, intrusion detection algorithms still suffer from problems in the process of classification and determining the presence and type of attack, which causes a decrease in the detection rate, an increase in the number of false alarms, and reduces system performance. This is due to a large number of redundant features that are not relevant to the dataset. To find the solve for this problem, here propose a hybrid algorithm based on the use of the feature selection technique, which helps in reaching the goal optimally by choosing the best and most important features. And it works by integrating three ways to minimize the features by deleting the static features, that do not have much value from the information gain and is done before the training stage by the deep learning model of LSTM as preprocessing for the CSE-CIC-IDS data set, which helps in improving the performance of the system By minimizing the time for processing and increasing the detection rate and accuracy ratio. The results of the experiment showed a high accuracy of 99.84%.

Experimental study on the effect of unloading rate on gneiss rockburst

Rockburst are often encountered in tunnel construction due to the complex geological conditions. To study the influence of unloading rate on rockburst, gneiss rockburst experiments were conducted under three groups of unloading rates. A high-speed photography system and acoustic emission (AE) system were used to monitor the entire process of rockburst process in real-time. The results show that the intensity of gneiss rockburst decreases with decrease of unloading rate, which is manifested as the reduction of AE energy and fragments ejection velocity. The mechanisms are proposed to explain this effect: (i) The reduction of unloading rate changes the crack propagation mechanism in the process of rockburst. This makes the rockbursts change from the tensile failure mechanism at high unloading rate to the tension-shear mixed failure mechanism at low unloading rate, and more energy released in the form of shear crack propagation. Then, less strain energy is converted into kinetic energy of fragments ejection. (ii) Less plate cracking degree of gneiss has taken shape due to decrease of unloading rate, resulting in the destruction of rockburst incubation process. The enlightenments of reducing the unloading rate for the project are also described quantitatively. The rockburst magnitude is reduced from the medium magnitude at the unloading rate of 0.1 MPa/s to the slight magnitude at the unloading rate of 0.025 MPa/s, which was judged by the ejection velocity.

Comparisons of heart rate variability responses to head-up tilt with and without abdominal and lower-extremity compression in healthy young individuals: a randomized crossover study.

Introduction: Abdominal and lower-extremity compression techniques can help reduce orthostatic heart rate increases. However, the effects of body compression on the cardiac autonomic systems, which control heart rate, remain unclear. The primary objective of this study was to compare heart rate variability, a reflection of cardiac autonomic regulation, during a head-up tilt test with and without abdominal and lower-extremity compression in healthy young individuals. The secondary objective was to conduct a subgroup analysis, considering participant sex, and compare heart rate and heart rate variability responses to head-up tilt with and without compression therapy. Methods: In a randomized crossover design, 39 healthy volunteers (20 females, aged 20.9 ± 1.2years) underwent two head-up tilt tests with and without abdominal and lower-extremity compression. Heart rate and heart rate variability parameters were measured during the head-up tilt tests, including the Stress Index, root mean square of successive differences between adjacent R-R intervals, low- and high-frequency components, and low-to-high frequency ratio. Results: Abdominal and lower-extremity compression reduced the orthostatic increase in heart rate (p < 0.001). The tilt-induced changes in heart rate variability parameters, except for the low-frequency component, were smaller in the compression condition than in the no-compression condition (p < 0.001). These results were consistent regardless of sex. Additionally, multiple regression analysis with potentially confounding variables revealed that the compression-induced reduction in Stress Index during the head-up tilt position was a significant independent variable for the compression-induced reduction in heart rate in the head-up tilt position (coefficient = 0.411, p = 0.025). Conclusion: Comparative analyses revealed that abdominal and lower-extremity compression has a notable impact on the compensatory sympathetic activation and vagal withdrawal typically observed during orthostasis, resulting in a reduction of the increase in heart rate. Furthermore, this decrease in heart rate was primarily attributed to the attenuation of cardiac sympathetic activity associated with compression. Our findings could contribute to the appropriate application of compression therapy for preventing orthostatic tachycardia. This study is registered with UMIN000045179.

The Impact of Accumulating Herbage Masses in Autumn on Perennial Ryegrass Sward Characteristics

Autumn grazing management aims to accumulate herbage for defoliation prior to a decrease in growth rates for the extension of the grazing season. The current study investigated the impact of building different target herbage masses (THMs) in autumn and imposing one of three different defoliation dates (DDs) between mid-October and late November on light transmitted to the base of the sward, free leaf lamina (FLL), leaf stage and internode elongation. Four THMs (low, medium, high and very high) and three DDs (DD1—15 October, DD2—7 November and DD3—21 November) were assigned to a 4 × 3 split plot design over two years. Light transmitted to the base of the sward was greatest in the low THM and decreased in all other THMs. Internode elongation increased in tillers in the medium to the very high THMs. Defoliation of the medium, high and, in particular, the very high THMs earlier in autumn reduced the effect of decreased light transmission on internode elongation. This study highlights that, as light transmitted to the base of the sward decreases, internode elongation increases, and this could negatively impact sward structure.