The UK’s 2008 Climate Change Act requires an 80% reduction in CO2-equivalent emissions by 2050, relative to 1990. Air pollution-associated impacts on health were derived for two policy scenarios (NRPO (nuclear replacement only) and LGHG (low greenhouse gas, with expansion of nuclear power) to meet this reduction, compared with policies in place up to/including the UK 4th carbon budget (the baseline).The energy systems model UK TIMES was linked with air quality model CMAQ-Urban at a 10km rural/2km urban scale to produce annual mean concentrations weighted by ward population (average 6,500 people) for 2011, 2035 and 2050, with linear extrapolation between 2011/2035 and 2035/2050. These concentrations were combined with local authority mortality rates (with birth and mortality improvement projections) and concentration-response functions recommended by the UK Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants (PM2.5, NO2) or WHO (ozone). Life years lost were calculated from 2011 to 2154 for Great Britain.Increases in biomass exposures up to 2035 meant that the LGHG and NRPO scenarios resulted in 472,000 and 1,122,000 life years lost from long-term exposure to anthropogenic PM2.5 compared with the baseline.Reduced NO2 led to life-years saved (4,892,000 to 7,178,000) rather than lost (range from NRPO, 5 µg/m3 cut-off to LGHG, 0 µg/m3 cut-off). However, due to the uncertainty over how much of the effects are due to NO2 itself rather than other pollutants, the decrease in NO2 does not eliminate concerns over the PM2.5 increase from biomass and non-tailpipe emissions.Long-term ozone exposure is projected to decrease but gains are smaller (around 230,000 life years gained) due to the WHO threshold of 35 ppb and the effect on respiratory, not all cause mortality.The opposing trends in NO2 and PM2.5 over time may help distinguish pollutant impacts in future epidemiological studies. Careful policy design is needed to optimise greenhouse gas and air pollutant reductions.