Decrease In Lipid Profile Research Articles

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extract as an adjunct to valsartan in patients with mild chronic kidney disease: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. extract (HS) as an adjunct to valsartan in the treatment of high blood pressure in patients with mild chronic kidney disease (CKD). This trial was conducted in Gorgan, Iran. Seventy-two participants with CKD and high blood pressure were randomly assigned to either the HS group, receiving a 350 mg pill every 12 hr for 90 days along with 40 mg of valsartan every 12 hr, or the control group (40 mg valsartan + 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide). The primary objective was to assess the improvement of hypertension, while secondary objectives included the evaluation of proteinuria, albuminuria, kidney function, lipid profile, and electrolyte levels. Molecular docking analysis was performed to examine the mechanisms of action of the isolated components of HS. Out of 80 initial participants, 72 were included in the analysis. Both groups showed a significant reduction in blood pressure (p<0.001). The HS group demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in lipid profile (p<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding the reduction of renal markers. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the compounds present in HS, particularly its anthocyanins and flavonoids, exhibited greater angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory potential than hydrochlorothiazide in both domains. Moreover, the compounds met the criteria for drug likeness and Lipinski rules. Adjunctive therapy with HS showed promising results in reducing hypertension and improving lipid profile in patients with CKD.

Effect of Probiotic, Prebiotic and Synbiotic Supplementation on Haemato-Biochemical Profile in SVVU T-17 Grower Pigs

The experiment was aimed to assess the influence of dietary supplementation with probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic on the haemato-biochemical profile of SVVU T-17 grower pigs. Twenty-four pigs, aged 2-3 months and with similar body weights, were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: Control (basal diet alone), T1 (basal diet with 0.1% multi-strain probiotic), T2 (basal diet with 0.1% mannan-oligosaccharide prebiotic), and T3 (basal diet with 0.1% synbiotic). Haematological parameters showed no significant differences among the groups (P &gt; 0.05). However, serum albumin levels were significantly (P &lt; 0.01) higher in the T3 group. Both serum cholesterol and triglycerides exhibited significant (P &lt; 0.01) decreases in the treatment groups (T1, T2 and T3) compared to the control group, while total protein and serum glucose remained consistent. In conclusion, synbiotic supplementation demonstrated a positive effect on serum albumin, and all treatments led to a significant decrease in lipid profiles.

Influence of fish on biochemical markers: A comparative study among male subjects of fish eaters and vegetarians

Introduction and Aim: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in India. Intake of a high or moderate amount of fish has shown a decreased risk of CVD. This is due to the presence of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in fish oils. According to past studies, regularly consuming these fatty acids lowers the risk of heart failure, myocardial infarction, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, arrhythmias, and sudden death. The beneficial effects of a fish-rich diet appear to conflict with PUFA's susceptibility to oxidation. As a result, the study aimed to compare the lipid profile, cardiac markers, and lipid peroxidation status in male adults who consume moderate amounts of fish regularly. Materials and Methods: Total cholesterol (T.C.), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (T.G.), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant activity (AOA) were measured in healthy male individual of 85 fish eaters and 77 vegetarians in the age group of 25-40 years. The atherogenic indices TC/ HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, a Student's 't' test, and non-HDL-C/ HDL-C were determined. The two groups' parameters were compared using the Student's t-test. Results: In Fish eating male subjects, the lipid profile and cardiac markers were decreased except for HDL-C (which was increased). Fish eaters exhibited significant decreases in atherogenic indices, and significant variation was not observed in the oxidant status of the study groups (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: According to the present study's findings, regular intake of moderate amounts of fish is linked to a decrease in lipid profiles and cardiac markers without affecting the individual's oxidation status.

Investıgatıon of Lipid Profile, Malondialdehyde, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride Levels in Rats with Weight Loss

The aim of the fight against obesity is weight loss. Sometimes, the damage caused by weight loss can be ignored rather than its benefits. This situation; Sometimes, shock diet or excessive exercise can lead to unwanted consequences that can lead to sudden death. The purpose of our study; to examine changes in lipid profile, malondialdehyde levels in rats we have created weight loss. Also, it is to investigate changes in sodium and potassium chloride levels, which are of great importance inside and outside the cell. Twenty rats were used in the study. We randomly divided them into two groups. We exercised rats for 10 days. Triglyceride, cholesterol, (high-density-lipoprotein)HDL-cholesterol, (low-density-lipoprotein)LDL-cholesterol, Malondialdehyde, sodium, potassium chloride levels were analyzed. Sodium(p=0.034), potassium(p=0.018) and LDL-cholesterol(p=0.004) levels of the group with high weight loss were lower than the other group, Malondialdehyde(p=0.005) levels were found to be higher. Weight loss correlates negatively with sodium(p=0.031), potassium(p=0.005), chloride(p=0.036), LDL-cholesterol(p<0.001), HDL-cholesterol(p=0.035) and cholesterol(p=0.001). Weight loss correlates positively with Malondialdehyde(p=0.001). Weight loss causes the desired decrease in lipid profile and an unwanted increase in Malondialdehyde levels. Also, weight loss correlates negatively with sodium, potassium, and chloride levels. Both oxidative stress and electrolyte balance disorders can be life-threatening.

The Effect of Berberine on Lipid Profile, Liver Enzymes, and Fasting Blood Glucose in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver disorders with a relatively high mortality rate. Berberine has recently been found to have some antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects, although the evidence of its effectiveness in NAFLD is limited. To assess the efficacy of berberine among patients with NAFLD. Methods: The patients with NAFLD were randomly assigned to treatment with (n = 25) or without (n = 25) berberine. The patients in the intervention group took berberine 6.25 g per day and the control group had no berberine. All patients in the 2 groups had been recommended to have lifestyle training, including a low-fat diet and physical activity before randomization. Independent student t tests or Mann-Whitney U tests along paired t tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used. Analysis of covariance was also used to estimate the difference of the variables between the 2 groups adjusting for baseline characteristics. Results: The results indicated that berberine, compared with the control group, had no significant impact on lipid levels, including triglyceride (P = 0.350), total cholesterol (P = 0.120), high-density lipoproteins (P = 0.401), and low-density lipoproteins (P = 0.100). Similarly, no significant difference was observed between the treatment arms in the level of fasting blood glucose (P = 0.055) and liver enzymes, such as alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.109), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (P = 0.366), and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (P = 0.436). The effect of berberine on body weight was also nonsignificant (P = 0.494) and even smaller than that of liver enzymes, with a mean difference of 1.8 kg (P = 0.304) in body weight. Conclusion: Berberine was not associated with a significant decrease in lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, or liver enzymes among patients with NAFLD.

Effect of lisinopril therapy on serum leptin, oxidative stress and C-reactive protein in hypertensive patients

The pathogenesis of essential hypertension through the interaction with elements of the rennin angiotensin aldosterone system is affected by oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study aimed to assess the effects of ACE-Inhibitor, lisinopril, on blood pressure, lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL), MDA, and TAS, hsCRP, and serum leptin levels n hypertensive patients. A case control study included 100 newly diagnosed mild to moderate hypertensive patients and another 100 apparently healthy aged and sex matched subjects as controls. The patients were treated with 10 mg lisinopril orally per day for three months’ duration. Venous blood sample was taken to test levels of MDA, GSH and TAS, hsCRP, lipid profiles and leptin in the serum before and after lisinopril therapy for both patients and controls. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were also assessed before and after lisinopril therapy for both patients and controls. In hypertensive patients treated with lisinopril, markers of oxidative stress (MDA, TAS and GSH), high sensitive C-reactive protein and leptin were all found to be decreased significantly after drug treatment (p &amp;lt; 0.01). Lisinopril affectively lowered systolic and diastolic BP values (p &amp;lt; 0.01). A significant decrease in lipid profile (p &amp;lt; 0.01) with a significant increase in HDL-C and TAS levels (p &amp;lt; 0.01) were found in lisinopril treated group in comparison with their values before treatment. Lisinopril may be used as a treatment for high blood pressure, as well as for the insulin resistance, hyperleptinemic, and low-grade inflammatory states that are associated with the disease.

Hypolipidemic effects of curcumin, cinnamon, vitamin C and simvastatin in domestic rabbits

This study investigated the hypolipidemic effects of curcumin, cinnamon, vitamin C and simvastatin in male rabbits. The hypolipidemic effect of these materials were assessed by following the effects on body weight, the lipid profile and liver enzymes. The lipid profile includes total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL). The liver activities enzymes include aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum. Highly significant increases in lipid profile parameters of rabbit group were found in rabbits fed with high lipid diet only over the respective values in the control group. Liver function profile showed a significant increase in this group as compared to those in the control group. The groups treated with curcumin, cinnamon, vitamin C and simvastatin showed a variable significant decrease in lipid profile in this order: cinnamon &gt; vitamin C &gt; simvastatin &gt; curcumin and in liver functions profile in this order: curcumin &gt; simvastatin &gt; vitamin C &gt; cinnamon. Groups treated with these materials showed significant body loss as compared to untreated rabbits in this order: cinnamon &gt; curcumin &gt; vitamin C &gt; simvastatin.

Attenuation of lipid levels in triton induced hyperlipidemia rats through rosuvastatin calcium nanoparticles: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies

The aim of this research was to study the effect of marketed tablet (Crestor®) powder suspension (MTPS) and nanoparticle formulation of rosuvastatin calcium (RC) on the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters in hyperlipidemia rats. The hyperlipidemia is induced by intraperitoneal injection of Triton-X-100 in 0.9 %w/v saline solution. The marketed tablet was dispersed into suspension. The RC loaded nanoparticles (RC-NPs) are prepared by homogenization method. The prepared RC-NP formulation was characterized for size, drug excipient compatibility and crystallization by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), morphology by SEM, stability at room temperature, in-vitro dissolution and in-situ absorption in rats. Further, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies were conducted in hyperlipidemia rats. The size of the RC-NP formulation was found to be 183.4 ± 4.5 nm and to be nearly spherical by SEM. DSC studies revealed that no interaction and RC converted to amorphous form in RC-NP formulation. RC-NP formulation was physically and chemically stable over two months at room temperature. The drug release was found to be 25.8 ± 2.5 and 89.96 ± 2.8 % in five mins, respectively from MTPS and RC-NP formulations. The Peff of MTPS and NP of RC was 1.8 ± 0.2 × 10−5 and 2.7 ± 0.3 × 10-5 cm/s, respectively. From the PK studies, the enhancement in the oral bioavailability was found to be 2.4-folds when compared to MTPS formulation and statistically significant (p < 0.05). PD study of RC-NP formulation in hyperlipidemic rats exhibited decrease in lipid profile for 24 h, while MTPS exhibited a decrease in lipid profile for 12 h. Therefore, the results conclusively demonstrate the nanoparticles of RC showed significant enhancement in the PK and PD parameters.

The effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on hemoglobin, calcium, and lipid metabolism

Background Obesity is great health problem facing a large section of the population, being associated with many complications. Sleeve gastrectomy is one of the most popular, safe, and easy surgical ways for weight loss, though some nutritional deficiencies occur after removal of a large part of the stomach. Objective This study is designed to assess the effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on blood hemoglobin, lipid profile, and calcium levels. Patients and methods This is a retrospective clinical trial conducted in Al-Zahraa University Hospital and Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital that involved 40 patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy 1 year ago. The data were collected during the period from October 2018 till November 2019, assessing hemoglobin, serum calcium, and lipid profile preoperatively and after 1 year postoperatively. Results There are decreases in postoperative laboratory results, as the mean of hemoglobin decreased from 11.61 to 11.54, serum calcium from 9.08 to 8.88, total cholesterol from 202.25 to 168.10, and triglycerides from 208.62 to 160.90, with a statistically significant difference regarding serum calcium, total cholesterol, and triglycerides (P=0.004, P&lt;0.001, and P&lt;0.001, respectively). Conclusion There is no significant decrease of hemoglobin level with minimal decrease in serum calcium level with supplements and significant decrease in lipid profile after 1 year of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

THE EFFECT OF SLEEVE GASTRECTOMY ON METABOLIC DISORDERS

Background: Obesity has become a major health problem in both developed and developing countries in twenty first century because of its high prevalence and its relationship with serious medical and psychological complications. Objective: To evaluate the short term effect of sleeve gastrectomy on metabolic disorders. Patients and Methods: Fifty morbid obese patients (30 male and 20 female) aged between 21 to 56 years with BMI range between (41 – 70) kg/m2were enrolled in this study. Patients were followed up after 3 and 9 months after operation (LSG) to monitor their BMI, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, serum cholesterol level, triglycerides, LDL and HDL cholesterol level). Results: our study shows that LSG has a significant effect on hypertension and type 2 DM inducing resolution or improvement in the majority of cases. Nine month after operation there is a significant decrease in lipid profile (Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride and LDL cholesterol). Conclusion: LSG very good bariatric procedure with the simplicity of the technique and less complications with good results on both body weight reduction and BMI.

Curcumin protects sodium nitrite-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats.

In this study, the protective effect of curcumin on sodium nitrite (NaNO2) induced hepatotoxicity was assessed in male Wistar rats. Wistar rats were administered orally daily with 20 mg/kg of curcumin for 28 days and NaNO2 was administered as a single dose of 60 mg/kg on day 28. Lipid profile, liver function biomarkers and C-reactive protein were assessed in the serum; lipid peroxidation, non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants were assessed in the liver. Alanine amino transferases (94.67 U/L), aspartate amino transferases (194.33 U/L), alkaline phosphatases, C-reactive proteins (19.56 ng/L) and lipid peroxidation (8.03 × 10−6 μmol/mg protein) were significantly elevated (P < 0.05), while a significant decrease in lipid profiles (total cholesterol, HDL,LDL, and triglycerides): (0.61,0.37, 0.4 and 0.47 mg/dl respectively), reduced glutathione level (4.16 μmol/mg protein), and decreased catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities with severe histological alterations were observed in the livers of rats exposed to NaNO2. Pre-treatment with curcumin significantly (P < 0.05) prevented these alterations by adjusting the lipid profile, liver function markers, and C-reactive proteins and abrogating the elevated markers of oxidative stress as supported by the liver histology. This suggests that dietary consumption of curcumin is beneficial against NaNO2 induced oxidative stress of the liver via its antioxidant potential.

EFFECTS OF VEGETARIAN DIET ON LIPID PROFILE AND SERUM LEPTIN CONCENTRATION IN MALE SUBJECTS

Objectives: To investigate the influence of vegetarian diet on lipid profile and serum levels of leptin among vegetarian males. Methods: 93 males (age 16-78 years) with duration of vegetarian diet ranged 5-65 years, were screened for lipid profile and serum Leptin concentration and 86 non-vegetarian men (age 17-72 years) were control group. Results: The vegetarian group had lower serum total cholestrol (4.05 ± 0.92 vs 5.21 ± 1.21 mmol/l, p&lt;0.01), lower LDL.C (2.07 ± 0.72 vs 3.39 ± 1.09 mmol/l, p&lt;0.01), lower non-HDL.C (2.88 ± 0.96 vs 4.04 ±118 mmol/l, p&lt;0.01), lower TC/HDL.C ratio (3.62 ± 1.18 vs 4.67 ± 1.33, p&lt;0.01), and lower LDL.C/ HDL.C ratio (1.86 ± 0.81 vs 3.06 ± 1.15, p&lt;0.05), respectively. Between the vegetarian and non-vegetarian men, there were no differences in TG (1.81 ± 1.04 vs 2.03 ± 1.16 mmol/l, p &gt;0.05), in HDL.C (1.17 ± 0.25 vs 1.17 ± 0.31 mmol/l, p &gt;0.05), and in TG/HDL.C (1.71 ± 1.26 vs 1.88 ± 1.25, p &gt;0.05), respectively. Compared to male non-vegetarian group, the male vegetarian group had lower serum concentration of leptin (1.46± 1.48 vs 3.16 ±2.95 ng/ml, p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: A decrease in lipid profile was associated with vegetarian diet. However, long-term vegetarian diet could cause hypoleptinemia in male veretarians. Key words: vegetarian diet, serum leptin concentration, lipid profile

Adiponectin promoter polymorphisms are predictors of lipid profile improvement after bariatric surgery.

Our aim was to investigate if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the 5′ regions of leptin (LEP, -2548 G > A, rs7799039), resistin (RETN, -420 C > G, rs1862513) and adiponectin (ADIPOQ, -11391 G > A, rs17300539 and -11377 C > G, rs266729) genes were related to changes in body mass index (BMI) and metabolic variables after bariatric surgery in 60 extremely obese individuals. At baseline, ADIPOQ -11391 A-allele carriers showed higher plasma adiponectin and lower total cholesterol levels when compared to G/G homozygotes. Approximately 32 months post-surgery, a mean reduction of 35% in BMI and an important improvement in metabolic profiles were observed. In addition, for the ADIPOQ -11377 polymorphism, a higher decrease in lipid profile was associated to the C/C genotype. Moreover, individuals bearing the A-C haplotype for the two ADIPOQ SNPs were more prone to show a reduction in low-density lipoprotein levels after bariatric surgery (-43.0% A-C carriers vs. -18.1% G-G carriers, p = 0.019). We did not find any association of leptin and resistin SNPs with the clinical parameters analyzed. In summary, our results indicate that the A-C haplotype is a predictor of better lipid profile post-surgery and the studied SNPs in ADIPOQ gene are associated to changes in metabolic variables in obese individuals.

Cardioprotective effect of curcumin and piperine combination against cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity.

Objective:Curcumin is a well-established cardioprotective phytoconstituent, but the poor bioavailability associated with it is always a matter of therapeutic challenge. The present study was undertaken to increase the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin by combining with bio-enhancer like piperine against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.Materials and Methods:Rats (n = 8) were treated with curcumin (200 mg/kg, p.o.) alone and different dose combination of curcumin (100, 50, 25 mg/kg, p.o.) and piperine (20 mg/kg, p.o.) for 10 days. All the treated groups were subjected to CP (200 mg/kg, i.p.) toxicity on day 1. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, the effects were evaluated by changes in electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters, serum biomarkers, lipid profile, tissue antioxidants, and histopathological examination. Serum and tissue homogenate parameters were measured by semi-autoanalyzer and spectrophotometer, respectively. Results obtained were assessed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey–Karmer multiple comparison test.Results:Incorporation of piperine with the doses of 50 and 25 mg/kg with curcumin exhibited significant beneficial effect compared to curcumin alone-treated group. The best effective group was a combination of curcumin 50 mg/kg with piperine 20 mg/kg which showed extremely significant (P < 0.001) decrease and increase in ECG and serum biomarker level, respectively, and moderate significant (P < 0.01) decrease in lipid profile, antioxidant levels, and histopathological score, compared to curcumin alone-treated group.Conclusion:From this study, it can be concluded that a novel dose combination of curcumin (50 mg/kg) with piperine (20 mg/kg) exhibited profound cardioprotection compared to curcumin (200 mg/kg) alone-treated group.

The Efficacy of Crocin of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on the Components of Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Objective:Metabolic syndrome is a set of cardiac risk factors with increased risk of chronic diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of crocin of saffron on metabolic syndrome.Methods:This double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted on metabolic syndrome patients who were randomly assigned to crocin of saffron or control (placebo) groups. The intervention group received 100 mg/day crocin tablets (a constituent of saffron) for 6 weeks. Then, the changes in metabolic syndrome component were compared between two groups. The trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials. Data were entered to SPSS 15. Chi-square, Fisher's exact, paired t-test, and independent t-test were used to analyze data. P < 0.05 was defined as statistical significant level.Findings:Totally, 48 patients included in the trial (24 intervention and 24 placebo participants). There were significant reductions from baseline measurements in the levels of total cholesterol (P < 0.001) and triglyceride (P = 0.003) after the 6-week crocin administration. However, this decrease in lipid profile was not significant when compared with placebo group. There was no significant change in other laboratory values, blood pressure, and anthropometric measures.Conclusion:The present study indicated that the dose of about 100 mg crocin of saffron was well tolerated and has no complication for 6 weeks of oral administration. However, the dosage used in our study had no effect on metabolic syndrome. Further studies are required to assess this effect with the higher dosages of crocin as well as long time effects of its administration on metabolic syndrome patients.

Improved anti-hyperlipidemic activity of Rosuvastatin Calcium via lipid nanoparticles: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation

The intent of this investigation was to improve pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of Rosuvastatin calcium (RC) by solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). RC is anti-hyperlipidemic drug with low oral bioavailability (20%) due to first-pass metabolism. Hot homogenization followed by ultrasonication method was used to prepare RC-SLNs with stearic acid, glyceryl behenate and glyceryl trilaurate as lipid matrices, egg lecithin and poloxamer 188 as surfactants. The prepared SLNs were tested for particle size, PDI, zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency (EE), drug content and in vitro release. Further, PK and PD studies were conducted on selected SLNs. No changes in physical stability of the optimized SLN were observed at refrigerated and room temperature for 90days. SLNs prepared with glyceryl trilaurate having average size of 67.21±1.71nm, PDI of 0.25±0.01, ZP of −28.93±0.84mV with 93.51±0.34% EE was considered as optimized. DSC and XRD studies revealed that no interaction occurred between the drug and lipid. SEM and TEM studies revealed that SLNs were nearly spherical in shape. PK studies showed improvement in the oral bioavailability (extent of absorption) of SLNs by 4.6-fold when compared to that of suspension. PD study of SLNs in hyperlipidemic rats exhibited a decrease in lipid profile for 36h, while a suspension exhibited for 24h.

Analysis of lipid profile in cancer patients, smokers, and nonsmokers.

Lipids play an important role in maintaining the cell membrane integrity. Lipid profile is a panel of blood tests that serve as an initial medical screening for abnormalities in lipids and approximate risk for cancer, cardiovascular diseases, pancreatitis, etc., The present study evaluates the alterations in lipid profile in cancer patients, smokers, and nonsmokers and aims to achieve a correlation between them. The study is an in vitro type of cross-sectional study with 25 oral cancer patients, 25 chronic smokers (habit persisting for 15 years or more), and 15 nonsmokers as control group. Blood samples had been collected, and triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were analyzed using a lipid profile kit and an autoanalyzer. The results were analyzed using the unpaired t-test and ANOVA test (P < 0.05). There was a significant increase in TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL and decrease in HDL in the smokers group when compared to the controls (P < 0.05). A significant increase in LDL, but a decrease in values of HDL, VLDL, TG, and TC was observed in the cancer patients group when compared to the controls (P < 0.05). There is an inverse relationship between serum lipid profile in smokers and cancer patients. The decrease in lipid profile in cancer patients might be due to their increased utilization of lipids by neoplastic cells in membrane biogenesis. Therefore, a decrease in lipid profile in smokers can be assumed that they might be more prone to develop cancerous conditions.

Counteract of bone marrow of blotchy mice against the increases of plasma copper levels induced by high-fat diets in LDLR−/− mice

BackgroundBone marrow of blotchy mouse (blotchy marrow) reflects the function of transmembrane domain and relevant intramembrane sites of ATP7A in myeloid cells. By chronic infusion of angiotensin II, we previously found that blotchy marrow plays a minor role in regulating plasma copper. Moreover, the recipients of blotchy marrow presented a moderate reduction of plasma lipids and inflammatory mediator production. Little is known about whether these changes are a specific response to angiotensin II or reveal a more general role of ATP7A. Objective and designWe investigated if blotchy marrow reduces plasma lipids and inflammatory mediators induced by high-fat diets. To test this hypothesis, blotchy and control marrows were reconstituted to the recipient mice (irradiated male LDLR−/− mice), followed by high-fat-diet feeding for 4 months. At the end points, plasma metals (copper, zinc and iron), lipid profiling (cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipids and lipoprotein) and six inflammatory mediators (lymphotacin, MCP3, MCP5, TIMP1, VEGF-A and IP-10) were measured. Parallel experiments were performed using male LDLR−/− mice fed either high-fat diets or chow diets for 4 months. ResultsIn addition to hyperlipidemia and low-grade inflammation, high-fat diets selectively increased plasma copper concentration compared to chow diets in LDLR−/− mice. After high-fat-diet feeding, the recipients with blotchy marrow showed a decrease in plasma copper (p<0.01) and an increase in plasma iron (p<0.05). The recipients with blotchy marrow also presented decreases in cholesterol (p<0.01) and phospholipids (p<0.05) in plasma. Surprisingly, plasma levels of MCP3 (p<0.05), MCP5 (p<0.05), TIMP1 (p<0.01), VEGF-A (p<0.01) and IP-10 (p<0.01) were significantly increased in the recipients with blotchy marrow compared to controls; the increased levels of MCP3, MCP5 and TIMP1 were more than 50%. ConclusionOur studies showed that blotchy marrow counteracts the increased copper levels induced by high-fat diets, indicating that circulating myeloid cells can regulate blood copper levels via ATP7A. Moreover, transplantation of blotchy marrow followed by high-fat diets leads to a decrease in lipid profile and an increase in inflammatory mediator production. Overall, blotchy marrow mediates divergent responses to angiotensin II and high-fat diets in vivo.

Effects of Acacia nilotica Leaf Extract on Adrenaline-induced Hyperlipidemia and Cardiac Remodeling in Rats

Hyperlipidemia is one of the major causes of disability in western as well as in developing countries. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of the ethanolic leaf extract of a Bangladeshi medicinal plant Acacia nilotica (AN) on adrenaline-induced hyperlipidemia and cardiac remodeling in rats. The plant extract and commercial lipid lowering drug atorvastatine were administered in adrenaline-induced hyperlipidemic rats (AIHRs) through intraperitoneal route for one week at a dose of 30 mg and 0.04 mg per 150 gm body weight of rat, respectively. The AN extract showed a significant (P&lt;0.01) decrease in lipid profile, and reducing the left ventricular hypertrophy (heart weight/body weight), heart weight, cardiac myocytes size as well as kidney, pancreas and liver weight of AIHRs. The observation was also made for consecutive four weeks (long term treatment) to confirm the results obtained in one week model. The results indicated that the leaf extract of A. nilotica in comparison with atorvastatine has got profound hypolipidemic and anticardiac remodeling activities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v15i2.12578 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 15(2): 135-139, 2012

Protective effects of Phyllanthus amarus aqueous extract against renal oxidative stress in Streptozotocin -induced diabetic rats

Aim and Objectives:In the present study, we have evaluated the antihyperglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus (PAAEt) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Materials and Methods:PAAEt was administered at 200 mg/kg body weight/day to normal treated (NT-group) and STZ-induced diabetic treated rats (DT-group) by gavage for eight weeks. During the experimental period, blood was collected from fasted rats at 10 days intervals and plasma glucose level was estimated. The plasma lipid profile was estimated at the end of experimental period. After the treatment, period kidney lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein oxidation and reduced glutathione (GSH) were estimated and antioxidant enzymes viz., glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also assayed.Results:The significant decrease in the body weight, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia observed in STZ-induced diabetic rats (D-group) were rectified with PAAEt treatment in diabetic treated group (DT-group). D-group rats showed increased renal oxidative stress with increased LPO and protein oxidation. DT-group showed a significant decrease in renal LPO, protein oxidation and a significant increase in GSH content and GR, GPx and GST activities when compared with D-group. The activities of SOD and CAT decreased significantly in D-group, but were normalized in DT-group. Normal rats treated with PAAEt (NT-rats) showed a significant decrease in lipid profile, renal LPO and protein oxidation, with significant increase in renal GSH and activities of antioxidant enzymes compared to normal rats (N-group).Conclusion:Our results demonstrated that PAAEt with its antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties could be a potential herbal medicine in treating diabetes and renal problems.