Decrease In Pain Intensity Research Articles

Efficacy and Safety of Celiac Plexus Neurolysis in the Treatment of Chronic Pain Secondary to Oncological Pathology of the Upper Hemiabdomen: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The management of chronic pain among patients with abdominal cancer is complex; against that, the neurolysis of the celiac plexus (CPN) is the best technique at the moment to determine the efficacy and safety in the treatment of chronic pain secondary to oncological pathology of the upper abdomen. This was a systematic review of controlled clinical trials between 2000 and 2021, in the sources MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Three independent evaluators analysed the results of the bibliographical research. The quality of the studies was assessed with the Jadad scale and the mean difference (95% confidence interval) and heterogeneity of the studies (I2) were calculated with Review Manager 5.3. Seven hundred and forty-four publications were identified, including 13 studies in the qualitative synthesis and three studies in the quantitative synthesis. No difference was found in the decrease in pain intensity between 1 and 12 weeks after the intervention, comparing the experimental group with the control (P > 0.05). The adverse effects related to neurolysis were not serious and transitory, mentioning the most frequent adverse effects and reporting a percentage between 21% and 67% (with 17% for echoendoscopic neurolysis and 49% for percutaneous neurolysis). Celiac plexus neurolysis for the treatment of severe chronic pain secondary to oncological pathology in the upper hemiabdomen produces similar pain relief as conventional pharmacological analgesic treatment. It is a safe analgesic technique since the complications are mild and transitory.

A non-inferiority randomized controlled trial comparing behavioral sleep interventions in women veterans: An examination of pain outcomes

ObjectiveInsomnia is known to exacerbate pain symptoms. The purpose of the present study was to compare the secondary effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) against a novel treatment for insomnia called acceptance and behavioral changes for insomnia (ABC-I) among individuals with comorbid pain. Differences in the potential mechanisms through which these treatments impact pain were also examined. MethodsData consisted of a secondary analysis from a randomized comparative effectiveness trial of CBT-I and ABC-I among women veterans with insomnia and comorbid pain. Pain outcomes, beliefs about sleep, and psychological flexibility were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and at three-months follow-up. ResultsAt baseline, 93 women veterans reported comorbid insomnia and pain (mean age = 46.7; 33.3% Black, 24.7% Hispanic/Latina). Both CBT-I (n = 48) and ABC-I (n = 45) were associated with decreased pain intensity (p < .001, Cohen's d = 0.41–0.67) and pain interference (p < .001, Cohen's d = 0.71–0.77) at post-treatment and three-months follow-up, with results indicating that ABC-I was non-inferior to CBT-I for pain improvement. Both conditions were associated with greater psychological flexibility post-treatment, and CBT-I resulted in larger reductions in dysfunctional beliefs about sleep (p = .01, Cohen's d = 0.59). ConclusionCBT-I and ABC-I both had positive secondary effects on pain with ABC-I being non-inferior to CBT-I with respect to its impact on pain. The mechanisms of change associated with these treatments may differ with CBT-I leading to greater reductions in dysfunctional beliefs. Hybrid treatments which incorporate an acceptance and commitment approach to both insomnia and pain warrant further examination.

The effect of corrective exercises on musculoskeletal disorders among the older adults residing in a nursing home in Rasht, Guilan, Iran

BackgroundAgeing causes changes in the function of musculoskeletal systems and disability, and injury among older adults. This study aimed to determine the effect of corrective exercises on musculoskeletal disorders among older adults residing in a nursing home in Iran.MethodThis controlled clinical trial study was conducted on 58 older adults (29 samples in each group). The intervention group performed corrective exercises for 8 weeks and three sessions per week and each session lasted for one hour. The pre-test was performed one week before intervention and the post-test one week after the 8-week intervention. The research instruments included Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), and the pain visual analog scale (VAS). Descriptive and inferential (Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, and McNemar test) statistics were used to analyze the data using SPSS software version 19.Resultsthe majority of the participants were males (67.2%) and in the age range of 60–74 years (82.8%). The mean age of samples in intervention and control groups was 68.45 (SD = 5.38) and 69.17 (SD = 5.86), respectively. The results showed that the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) was decreased in the intervention group after the intervention (%Δ = -34.68, p < .05). The results also showed a statistically significant decrease in pain intensity of musculoskeletal in the intervention group, after the intervention (%Δ = -68.34, p < .001).ConclusionsCorrective exercises reduce the prevalence of MSDs and the pain intensity among older adults. It is recommended to pay attention to these exercises to improve physical health and reduce the prevalence of MSDs among older adults.

The efficacy of intradermal sterile water application in severe renal colic: a randomised clinical trial.

It is important to do a fast and effective treatment for patients with renal colic pain in emergency departments for both patients' comfort and clinicians' patient management. In this study, we aimed primarily to test the efficacy of intradermal sterile water application as a rapid and effective treatment in severe renal colic. This is a single-centre, prospective, randomised controlled trial. Study group consists of patients with severe renal colic related to urolithiasis. Patients were randomly divided into three groups. The first group received only intramuscular diclofenac sodium, the second group received intramuscular diclofenac sodium and intradermal sterile water, and the third group received intramuscular diclofenac sodium together with intravenous fentanyl. Numerical Rating Scale was used to determine the level of pain before and after the treatment at the 1st, 5th, 15th, 30th, 60th and 120th minutes. 95 out of 201 patients with severe renal colic pain randomly divided into 3 groups. The pre-treatment pain severity of the groups was similar (p = 0.228). We found thatthe decrease in pain intensity was significantly faster in the intradermal sterile water group than the other groups even in the first minute. Percentages of patients who had 50% pain reduction, which is considered as successful treatment, was higher in the intradermal sterile water group (which had 75.9% success rate) in the first 5min compared to the IM diclofenac sodium group (which had 7.1% success rate) and IV fentanyl group (which had 25% success rate) (p < 0.001). According to the results, pain control was achieved much faster than the other methods with intradermal sterile water injection. All methods were found to be effective in relieving the pain of the patients.

Scorpion Venom Component; BmK AGAP Potentiates the Analgesic Effects of Lidocaine During Sciatic Nerve Block

Background: Various analgesic adjuvants, including opioids, have been tested and demon-strated to be clinically beneficial when added to local anesthetics to increase the duration of analgesia with the risk of various adverse effects. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that a scorpion venom component, BmK AGAP, may have a synergistic effect with lidocaine. Methods: We performed partial sciatic nerve ligation on 84 rats to induce a rapid onset and long-lasting mechanical allodynia. An equal volume (600μl) of lidocaine and BmK AGAP were prepared with saline. The rats were randomly assigned to one of seven groups. Group A (n = 12) received saline as the control; Group B (n = 12) received lidocaine alone; Group C (n = 12) received BmK AGAP alone; Group D, E, F and G (n = 12 each) received lidocaine and different concentrations of BmK AGAP combined. The von Frey filaments were used to assess mechanical allodynia in the rats. Results: We observed a decrease in pain intensity and a prolonged duration of analgesia in rats that received BmK AGAP with lidocaine. Conclusion: BmK AGAP with lidocaine decreased pain intensity and increased the duration of analgesia.

Effect of cold application versus transcutaneous nerve stimulation on chemotherapy induced diabetic peripheral neuropathy post mastectomy.

The adverse effects of chemotherapy-induced diabetic peripheral neuropathy (CIDPN) are rather prevalent. There is no known pharmaceutical treatment that can stop CIDPN. This study compared the effects of cold application and transcutaneous nerve stimulation (Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)) on individuals who had undergone mastectomy following CIDPN. Between Mars 2021 and September 2021, a randomised controlled experiment was carried out at physical therapy clinics at the Modern University for Technology and Information. 30 patients were randomly split into two equal groups (A and B). Both lower limbs received cold application (Group A) three times per week for 12 weeks and TENS application (Group B) three times each week for 12 weeks. The Visual Analogue Scale and nerve conduction velocity for the sural nerve were used to assess patients before and after 12 weeks of therapy. The results showed that Group A significantly (p<0.05) decreased pain intensity after treatment by 70.83% compared with Group B by 55.17%. Moreover, Group A improved significantly (p<0.05) the sural nerve amplitude by 44.12% compared with group B which recorded 26.87%. After treatment, both pain intensity and sural nerve amplitude significantly (p<0.05) changed between Group A versus Group B. Cold application has a better effect on pain in CIDPN post mastectomy.

Self-reported symptoms experienced by intensive care unit patients: a prospective observational multicenter study

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence, intensity and distress of five symptoms in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and to investigate possible predictive factors associated with symptom intensity.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study of ICU patients. A symptom questionnaire (i.e., Patient Symptom Survey) was used to describe the prevalence, intensity and distress of pain, thirst, anxiousness, tiredness, and shortness of breath over seven ICU days. Associations between symptom intensity and possible predictive factors were assessed using the general estimating equation (GEE) model.ResultsOut of 603 eligible patients, 353 (Sample 2) were included in the present study. On the first ICU day, 195 patients (Sample 1) reported thirst as the most prevalent symptom (66%), with the highest mean intensity score (6.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) [5.7–6.56]). Thirst was the most prevalent (64%) and most intense (mean score 6.05, 95%CI [5.81–6.3]) symptom during seven days in the ICU. Anxiousness was the most distressful (mean score 5.24, 95%CI [4.32–6.15]) symptom on the first day and during seven days (mean score 5.46, 95%CI [4.95–5.98]). During seven days, analgesic administration and sepsis diagnosis were associated with increased thirst intensity. Older age and being mechanically ventilated were associated with decreased pain intensity, and analgesic administration was associated with increased pain intensity. Family visits and female gender were associated with increased intensity of anxiousness and shortness of breath, respectively.ConclusionsSelf-reporting ICU patients experienced a high and consistent symptom burden across seven days. Certain variables were associated with the degree of symptom intensity, but further research is required to better understand these associations.

Effects of positional release technique on myofascial trigger points of the upper trapezius in computer users having forward head posture

Background: Forward head posture is associated with the upper trapezius myofascial trigger points and cause pain, restricted range of motion, and referred pain in the arm. The positional release technique is likely to focus on evaluating the efficacy of this manual therapy approach. Objective: To determine the effects of positional release technique for myofascial trigger points of the upper trapezius with forward head posture Method: A randomized control trial study was conducted in the Physiotherapy Department of THQ Hospital Wazirabad, Pakistan, from February 2021 to June 2021 with a sample size of n=32 male participants. Participants were recruited with pain intensity of at least 3 points on the Visual Analogue Scale at baseline, at least one active TrP in the upper trapezius that was diagnosed using the method described by Travel and Simon, and computer users who spend at least 6 hours per day in a sitting posture and are between the ages of 18 and 45. All subjects were randomly and equally allocated into the Positional Release Therapy (PRT) group and a conventional Physical Therapy group. A total 12 treatment sessions were given with 3 days a week for consecutive 4 weeks. The data was collected at the baseline and after the 12th session. The outcome measures for trigger point sensitivity were pain pressure threshold (PPT), visual analogue scale (VAS), active contra lateral flexion (ACLF), cranio-vertebral angle (CVA), and neck disability index (NDI). Data analysis was done through SPSS version-27. Results: The mean age of 34.3±6.57 years. The positional release therapy post-intervention results showed more significant improvement (p≤0.05) in all outcomes PPT, VAS, ACLF, CVA, and NDI between the groups with large effect size. Conclusion: Positional release therapy (PRT) is superior to conventional therapy in decreasing pain intensity and threshold with disability in patients of upper trapezius trigger points Keywords: cranio-vertebral angle; forward head posture; neck disability index; pain pressure threshold; positional release therapy; trigger points; upper trapezius; visual analogue scale.

Evaluation of the effect of preoperative use of pregabalin on pain in patients with metabolic syndrome during knee arthroscopy

nee arthroscopy is a common surgical procedure often accompanied by significant postoperative pain syndrome. As pain limits patient mobility and prolongs patients’ hospitalization, the development of optimal pain management with minimal side effects for early activation and full recovery of patients is urgent.&#x0D; Objective — to assess the impact of preoperative administration of pregabalin on postoperative pain syndrome in patients with metabolic syndrome after arthroscopic knee surgery.&#x0D; Materials and methods. A double‑blind, placebo‑controlled study was conducted, involving 50 patients admitted to the Orthopedic Department of the State Scientific Institution «Center for Innovative Medical Technologies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine» between the years 2020 and 2023. Patients, scheduled for knee arthroscopy, were randomly divided into two equal groups, receiving placebo or pregabalin at a dose of 300 mg 2 hours before surgery, the drug was administered orally 12 hours later.&#x0D; Results. The results demonstrated a reduction in static pain intensity within 24 hours and a decrease in dynamic pain intensity after 48 hours among patients who received pregabalin before the surgery. Pregabalin administration prior to knee arthroscopy in patients with metabolic syndrome was associated with lower opioid consumption at 24 hours.&#x0D; Conclusions. The effectiveness of the preoperative pregabalin administration in reducing the postoperative pain syndrome in patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery on the knee joint has been established. However, further research is warranted to determine the optimal dosage and timing of pregabalin administration for this specific patient population.&#x0D;

The Effect of Effleurage Massage on Reducing Dysmenorrhea in Adolescent Girls in Sukarama Village, Cianjur Regency, Indonesia

Effleurage massage has several potential benefits that may help reduce symptoms of dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls, such as increasing blood circulation to the abdominal area, relieving muscle tension, and promoting relaxation. This study aims to determine the effect of effleurage massage on reducing dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls in Sukarama Village, Cianjur Regency, Indonesia. This study is experimental research with a pre and post-test approach. This study uses primary data obtained from direct observation of respondents. A total of 30 research subjects took part in this study. This study shows that massage effleurage intervention reduces pain intensity in dysmenorrhoea sufferers. There was a decrease in pain intensity after effleurage massage, and it was stated to be statistically different, p&lt;0.05. In conclusion, effleurage massage has an effect on reducing dysmenorrhea in young women in Sukarama Village, Cianjur Regency, Indonesia.

Outcomes of Conservative Treatment of Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis in Children

Background: Pediatric healthcare is evolving, with acute appendicitis being a common issue. Traditionally, appendectomy has been the standard treatment. However, recent literature suggests that conservative antibiotic treatment could be a viable option, particularly for uncomplicated cases in children. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcomes of conservative treatment for uncomplicated acute appendicitis in children. Methods: From July 2017 to March 2019, a prospective observational study was conducted at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, involving 62 children with uncomplicated acute appendicitis. They received conservative treatment, including supportive care, for five days. Patients who responded positively within 24 hours continued for at least five days before discharge and underwent a 6-month follow-up. Results: The study encompassed 62 patients, with a mean age of 8.95 years, and a slight male predominance (61.3% male, 38.7% female). Clinical findings revealed a notable decrease in pain intensity (9.42 to 0.77), temperature (101.02º to 98.90º), and inflammatory markers (CRP: 28.13 ± 11.56 mg/L to 9.78 ± 7.50 mg/L) from admission to day 5. The mean duration of hospital stay was 5.26 ± 0.63 days. Remarkably, 95.1% of patients successfully recovered with conservative treatment, while 4.9% required surgery as part of their treatment course. Conclusion: This study found some potential benefits of conservative treatment for uncomplicated acute appendicitis in children. Significant improvements in clinical parameters and a high success rate emphasize its potential as a viable alternative to surgery in select cases, warranting further exploration in pediatric healthcare practices.

The Effect of Effleurage Massage Technique on Reducing the Scale of Uterine Involution Pain in First Day of Postpartum Mothers in the Working Area of Cikadu Health Center, Cianjur Regency, Indonesia

The effleurage technique can increase blood circulation to the area being massaged. Increasing blood flow to the uterus and lower abdominal area can help in postpartum recovery and reduce the pain of uterine involution. This study aimed to determine the effect of effleurage massage techniques on reducing the scale of uterine involution pain in postpartum mothers on day 1 in the Cikadu Health Center Working Area, Cianjur Regency, Indonesia. This research is an experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design approach. It uses primary data obtained using an assessment instrument, the numeric rating scale (NRS), to determine the level of back pain in pregnant women. A total of 30 research subjects participated in this study. This study shows that effleurage massage intervention effectively reduces the intensity of uterine involution pain in postpartum mothers. There was a decrease in pain intensity after massage effleurage, and it was stated to be statistically different, p&lt;0.05. In conclusion, there is an effect of the effleurage massage technique on reducing the scale of uterine involution pain in postpartum mothers on day 1 in the Cikadu Health Center Working Area, Cianjur Regency, Indonesia

Efficacy of Intravenous Ibuprofen and Paracetamol on Postoperative Pain and Tramadol Consumption After Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind Clinical Trial.

Efficient pain management following arthroscopic shoulder surgery plays a crucial role in decreasing pain intensity, tramadol consumption, and related side effects. This study primarily aimed to examine the analgesic impact of intravenous (IV) ibuprofen and paracetamol on postoperative pain intensity. In addition, as secondary objectives, the study assesses tramadol consumption, determine the global satisfaction score (GSS), analyze hemodynamic parameters, and investigate tramadol-related side effects. In this study, we enrolled sixty-four patients who were scheduled to undergo arthroscopic shoulder surgery and met the inclusion criteria of having American Society of Anesthesiologists scores between 1 and 3 and falling within the age range of 18 to 85 years. All participants were managed using IV patient-controlled analgesia. These patients were then randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to two groups: one receiving paracetamol (n=32), and the other receiving ibuprofen (n=32). Demographic information, visual analog scale (VAS) and GSS data, hemodynamics, tramadol consumption, and tramadol-related side effects were recorded. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding demographics, hemodynamics, GSS scores, and tramadol side effects (respiratory depression, pruritus, urinary retention, and nausea and vomiting). VAS scores of the two groups were similar at postoperative 1st, 6th, and 12th hours. However, group ibuprofen significantly reduced the VAS scores at the postoperative 24th hour (p=0.039). On the other hand, the two groups showed no significant differences in GSS scores. Compared with total tramadol consumption during the postoperative 24-hour period, ibuprofen significantly reduced tramadol consumption (p=0.003). The findings of this study indicate a significant reduction in both pain intensity and tramadol consumption when IV ibuprofen was administered 24 hours following arthroscopic shoulder surgery, in comparison with the use of IV paracetamol.

The Effect of Effleurage Massage on Reducing the Degree of Dysmenorrhea in Adolescent Girls in Sukarama Village, Cianjur Regency, Indonesia

Effleurage massage can provide a sense of relaxation and calm that can help reduce stress. By increasing blood flow to the pelvic area, effleurage techniques can help improve the supply of nutrients and oxygen to the tissues, potentially speeding recovery and reducing pain. This study aimed to determine the effect of effleurage massage on reducing the degree of dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls in Sukarama Village, Cianjur Regency, Indonesia. This study is a quasi-experimental research with a pre-post-test approach and uses primary data obtained from direct observation of respondents. A total of 30 research subjects took part in this study. This study shows that the intervention of providing effleurage massage is effective in reducing pain intensity in dysmenorrhea sufferers. There was a decrease in pain intensity after giving effleurage massage and it was stated to be statistically different, p&lt;0.05. In conclusion, there is an effect of effleurage massage on reducing the degree of dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls in Sukarama Village, Cianjur Regency, Indonesia.

Evaluation of the effect of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) on function, muscle strength, range of motion, pain level, and femoral cartilage thickness in knee osteoarthritis: randomized controlled study.

This study was designed as a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) on pain, range of motion, function, muscle strength, and femoral cartilage thickness in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Sixty patients who were admitted between November 2021 and April 2022 and diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis based on anamnesis, physical examination, and imaging methods were included in the study. The patients observed during the research were randomly divided into two groups with 30 patients in each group. Hotpack, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), exercise (5days a week for a total of 15 sessions), and HILT (analgesic mode with a power of 10.0 w, energy density of 12 j/cm2, and 2min for every 25 cm2, biostimulant mode with a power of 5.0 W, energy density of 120 j/cm2, and 10min for each 25 cm2; total 9 sessions 3days a week) were applied for 3weeks for the first group, and hot pack, TENS, exercise (5days a week for a total of 15 sessions), and sham laser treatment (0 W total 9 sessions 3days a week) was applied for 3weeks for the second group. The patients were evaluated with the determined scales before the treatment, at the end of the treatment, and at the third month. A goniometer was used to measure joint range of motion measurement, a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index to assess pain and function, Biodex System 3 isokinetic device for knee flexion-extension muscle strength measurement, and ultrasonography to measure femoral cartilage thickness. There was no statistically significant difference in VAS, range of motion, WOMAC, muscle strength, and femoral cartilage thickness measurement between the groups, whether before treatment, after treatment or at the third-month follow-up (p > 0.05). There was a statistically significant decrease in pain intensity, an increase in flexion range of motion, WOMAC, and femoral cartilage thickness in both groups (p < 0.005). A statistically significant increase was found in the average peak torque flexion muscle strength measurements at isokinetic 60°/s angular velocities in the post-treatment and third-month checkup compared to the pre-treatment analysis in both groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, there was no statistically significant difference between HILT + exercise and placebo laser + exercise observed. However, the exercise program performed under the supervision of a physiotherapist has been shown to be effective in improving all parameters.

The Effect of Dysmenorrhea Exercise on Reducing Primary Menstrual Pain (Dysmenorrhea) in Adolescent Girls at SMPN 3 Pabuaran, Subang Regency, Indonesia

Dysmenorrhea exercise is a type of exercise or physical exercise specifically designed to help reduce the symptoms of dysmenorrhea or severe menstrual pain. Dysmenorrhea is a common condition in most women and can cause pain, lower abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and other discomfort during the menstrual period. This study aimed to determine the effect of dysmenorrhea exercise on reducing primary menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) in adolescent girls at SMPN 3 Pabuaran, Subang Regency, Indonesia. This study is experimental research with a pre-post-test approach. This study uses primary data obtained from direct observation of respondents. A total of 30 research subjects participated in this study, where the research subjects met the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria for the study were women of childbearing age with complaints of dysmenorrhoea at SMPN 3 Pabuaran, Subang Regency, Indonesia, who were willing to participate in this study. This study shows that dysmenorrhea exercise intervention is effective in reducing pain intensity in dysmenorrhea sufferers. There was a decrease in pain intensity after dysmenorrhea exercise and it was stated to be statistically different, p&lt;0.05. In conclusion, there is an effect of dysmenorrhea exercises on reducing primary dysmenorrhea pain in adolescent girls at SMPN 3 Pabuaran, Subang Regency, Indonesia.

Immediate hypnosis effects and outcome predictors in chronic nociplastic pain

ABSTRACT This study used data from a randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of hypnosis with analgesic suggestions relative to hypnosis with nonspecific suggestions to explore two areas. The first was the immediate effects of each hypnosis session and their relevance to the treatment induced change in pain intensity. The second was the identification of variables associated with the beneficial effects of hypnosis treatment in the form of reducing pain intensity and pain quality. The predictive value of the initial treatment response, hypnotizability, and the dichotomous variable of pain medication use were examined. Both interventions resulted in similar significant reductions in pain intensity after each session, but without a cumulative effect. The initial response correlated positively and moderately with pain intensity decreases induced by the complete hypnosis treatment. There was only a weak association between hypnotizability and pain quality improvement. Only participants not taking pain medications achieved a meaningful reduction in pain outcomes. Each hypnosis session results in an immediate reduction in chronic nociplastic pain intensity, and a fruitful first session may be a positive signal to continue therapy. Even patients with low hypnotizability can obtain beneficial outcomes. Pain medication use may become a new predictor in hypnosis research, as significant decreases in pain intensity and pain quality occurred only in the absence of pharmacotherapy. However, the results of this study require confirmation in further research with longer treatment periods.

Warm-up exercises reduce music conservatoire students' pain intensity when controlling for mood, sleep and physical activity: A pilot study.

Playing-related musculoskeletal pain is highly prevalent among classical music students, affecting them physically and psychologically. Unlike athletes or dancers, musicians' pain often goes untreated due to stigma and lack of specialised healthcare. While warm-up exercises are common practice in sports and dance, there is a lack of empirical research regarding physical warm-ups for musicians' pain. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 2-week daily warm-up exercise intervention on conservatoire students' pain intensity, interference and psychological distress, at day 0 and after 2weeks. Two groups were considered: an exercise (n = 9) and a waitlist control (n = 7) group. Data were collected using online Qualtrics surveys at three different stages. 2 × 2 mixed ANOVAs indicated no significant effects on any of the outcome variables. However, when controlling for sleep, anxiety, depression and physical activity, the analyses revealed a significantly greater decrease in pain intensity in the exercise group compared to the control. In addition, bivariate correlations indicated that pain interference, anxiety and depression delta scores were significantly correlated for the exercise but not the control group. Anxiety and pain intensity delta scores were significantly correlated in both groups. These findings suggest that daily warm-up exercises have the potential to reduce musicians' pain intensity but only if certain variables are factored in. This pilot study highlights the multifactorial nature of musicians' pain and unveils the role that mood, sleep and physical activity level may have when assessing the efficacy of interventions based on warm-up exercises.

Pengaruh Pijat Endorphin Terhadap Penurunan Intensitas Nyeri Persalinan Di BPM Sagita Darma Sari Palembang Tahun 2023

Background: Childbirth is a series of events when a baby is released from the mother's womb, followed by the expulsion of the placenta and fetal membranes from the mother's body. The main problem that is usually complained of by labor patients in labor during the first active phase is that pain causes the mother to feel stressed and excessively worried. Respiration and pulse will also increase thereby disrupting the supply of fetal needs from the placenta. The simple way that can be done to reduce labor pain is to give endorphins massage. Objective: Knowing the analysis of differences in pain intensity in the active phase of labor in the first stage of labor before endorphin massage and after endorphin massage. Method: This study used a quasy experimental design. This type of research is pre-experimental design with one group pret test-post test design. Results: The results of the study obtained by the researchers were 20 respondents during the active phase of the first active phase of brenatal mothers who experienced severe pain with a scale of 7-9 and very severe 10 as measured by a numeric rating scale. Before doing the endorphin massage, it was found that those who experienced pain on average had a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 10 after the endorphin massage had an average minimum of 4 pain and a maximum of 9. Conclusion: There is a difference in the decrease in pain intensity in labor in labor during the 1st active phase before and after being given endorphine massage treatment.

Effectiveness of exercise on pain intensity and physical function in patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis: an umbrella and mapping review with meta-meta-analysis

Purpose The aim of this review was to provide a qualitative and quantitative overview of the effects of exercise on pain, physical function, and quality of life for patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis. Materials and methods This study was an umbrella and mapping review with meta-meta-analysis. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials were included. The methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated using the Modified Quality Assessment Scale for Systematic Reviews and the Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews tool. The quality of evidence was evaluated using the Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Grading Criteria. Results 41 meta-analyses were included, 43.9% of the studies had adequate methodological quality, and 56.1% of the studies had a low risk of bias. Moderate evidence was found that exercise decreases pain intensity (33 meta-analyses; SMD = −0.49; 95% CI −0.56 to −0.42), improves function (19 meta-analyses; SMD = −0.50; 95% CI −0.58 to −0.41), strength (6 meta-analyses; SMD = −0.57; 95% CI −0.70 to −0.44) and quality of life (SMD = −0.36; 95% CI −0.46 to −0.27) for patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis. Conclusion Exercise is an effective intervention to decrease pain intensity and improve function in patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis. (PROSPERO, CRD42020221987)