Decrease Complication Rates Research Articles

Improving perioperative cancer care: experience with the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programme

Aim Surgery plays a pivotal role in the management of the majority of patients with cancer. Surgical cancer care in low-and middle-income countries is negatively impacted by high complication rates and failure to rescue the deteriorating patient. Implementation of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programme offers an opportunity to improve care. Methods Over eight years, one public and three private sector South African hospitals implemented the ERAS evidence-based colorectal guidelines tailored for context and led by multidisciplinary teams. Demographic variables, treatment and clinical outcomes were collected using an electronic audit system and analysed using statistical software for data science. Primary outcomes included length of stay and complication rates. The relationship between outcomes and compliance with ERAS guidelines year-by-year was evaluated. Results The study comprised 368 and 325 colorectal cancer patients from public and private sector hospitals, respectively, with an overall length of stay of 6 (interquartile ratio 4,9) and 4 (interquartile ratio 3,7) days, respectively. Complication rates were 39.9% (public sector) and 43.7% (private sector). Overall, ERAS compliance was greater than 70% in both sectors and ERAS compliance was greatest in the pre- and intra-operative phase. An association was seen between increasing compliance and decreased length of stay as well as decreased complication rates. Conclusions A robust colorectal cancer ERAS programme can achieve high compliance, decreased length of stay, and fewer complications in South Africa. This study provides a foundation for a large-scale national strategy for ERAS implementation for perioperative cancer care across all disciplines.

Evaluation of Neuronavigation Aided Surgery on Diffuse Brain Glioma

Abstract Surgical management of Diffuse Low-Grade Gliomas (DLGGs) has radically changed in the last years. Several studies now recommend maximal safe gross total, or even supratotal resection. There has been a change in basic assumptions from watchful waiting to early radical safe resection. Neuronavigation guided diffuse low grade glioma resection is claimed by some authors to play a major role in improving the Extent Of surgical Resection (EOR) whilst decreasing complication rate. The aim: of this study was to evaluate the impact of neuronavigation use during DLGG resection and the surgical outcome. Materials and Methods Thirty one patients affected by DLGG were enrolled undergoing surgical resection with the aim of a maximal safe resectio n using a neuronavigation device with or without other functional, neurophysiological, and neuropsychological modalities. Statistical Analysis Continuous data were presented as ranges, mean and standard deviation (as appropriate), median and SEM (standard error of the mean when relevant). Categorical data were presented as frequencies and percentages. Comparative statistics was used for subgroup analysis evaluating different variables among different groups. Statistical significance was set at P value of 0.05. All statistical calculations were run using SPSS version 22. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical data, and chi-square tests were used for intergroup comparisons. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in the percentage of deterioration of symptoms between groups. Univariate and Multivariate linear and logistic regression were used to analyze the effect of NN on EOR and the deterioration of symptoms, respectively. Kaplan-Meier was used to compare the difference in survival between groups. Univariate and Multivariate Cox regressions were used to determine the relationship between the assistance of NN and survival. The statistically significant was set as a p < 0.05. Results Our results were comparable to those reported in literature. We achieved an average of 78% EOR, with almost even distribution among three groups of resections. STR achieved 35.4%, followed by PR in 32.2% of the cases, finally we achieved an EOR more than 90% (GTR+NTR) in 30.6% of the patients. Our Radiological radicality (GTR) was 25.8% and the NTR was 4.8%. There was as statistically significant direct correlation between EOR and the in the postoperative KPS improvement (p = 0.021). The average hospital days were 5-6 days, and the average blood loss was 250 ml blood. Engel Class I was achieved in eleven (45.83%) patients, while eight (33.33%) patients had rare disabling seizures (Engel Class II). The temporary intraoperative and postoperative complications were noted in 36.67% and 38.71%, respectively, of patients and was noted more in the awake group while the permanent deficits were in 22.58% of the patients and was more noted in the asleep surgery group. Conclusion NVV assisted DLGG resection is a safe and effective method to improve EOR. Additionally, the combination of awake surgery and other neuromonitoring faculties decreases the long term deficits, thus, leading to an increased radicality and safety of DLGG surgery.

Сравнение мини-перкутанной нефролитотомии с супер-мини-перкутанной нефролитотомией: когортное исследование

Introduction. Over the past 20 years mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL) is remaining an effective method non inferior to standard PCNL with lower rates of serious complication related to bigger nephrotomy tract size like bleeding. However, in comparison to standard PCNL miniPCNL diminishes visualization, leads to increase of intrarenal pressure (IRP), difficulties in stone fragments evacuation, and longer operative time. In 2016 Zeng has developed an innovative aspiration sheath. Novel modification of miniPCNL with suction was called superminiPCNL (SMP) [1]. We have modified this aspiration sheath. There is the lack of data regarding efficacy and safety of this innovative method. Objectives. The aim of the study is to compare efficacy and safety of miniPCNL with SMP using an innovative suction sheath in the treatment of kidney stone disease. Material and methods. Between September 2021 and March 2023, 140 underwent PCNL. Patient were divided into 2 groups 1:1, 70 patients in each group. MiniPCNL was used in control group, SMP using aspiration suction sheath – in intervention group. Operative time, stone-free rate (SFR), bleeding, postoperative complications were compared between two groups. Results. SFR didn`t significantly differ between the groups and was 91.3% and 98.4% respectively (p = 0.117). Mean operative time was less in SMP group with a mean shortening of the procedural time of 13 min (p < 0.001). Hemoglobin drop was comparable between the groups (p = 0.73). Fever was significantly less frequent in SMP group, 11.6% in miniPCNL vs. 1.6% in SMP group (p = 0.042). There were no serious complications (Clavien III and IV) in any group. Discussion. PSMP is not inferior to miniPCNL in terms of efficy and safety. Moreover, it leads to shorter operative ime, decreases complication rates, and thus is a preferable method of renal stone treatment. Keywords: Kidney stone disease, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, surgery, supermini-PCNL.

Assessing Initial Functional Outcomes Following Arthroscopic Release for Stiff Shoulder in Periarthritis Shoulder

Adhesive capsulitis can manifest as either primary/idiopathic or secondary, often linked to systemic illnesses. Primary adhesive capsulitis is characterized by limited range of motion without underlying systemic or precipitating shoulder conditions and lacks intrinsic pathology. In contrast, secondary frozen shoulder is associated with identifiable intrinsic factors such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, cardiac disease, stroke, prolonged immobilization, trauma, and rotator cuff disease. Our study aims to assess the initial functional outcomes, average recovery duration, and related comorbidities in arthroscopic release for adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder.The study was carried out at the Department of Orthopedics in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Thandalam, spanning from June 1, 2022, to June 31, 2023. It comprised 30 patients diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis who met specific criteria. The treatment regimen consisted of Arthroscopic Release followed by intensive physiotherapy and prescribed home exercises. Follow-up appointments were scheduled at regular intervals to track progress, using assessment tools like the UCLA Score and VAS score, and all data were meticulously recorded in a standardized proforma.30 individuals who met specific criteria were diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis. Of these, 12 out of 18 participants were female, and 16 patients experienced more frequent impairments on the left side. The average age of the patients was 65 years, ranging from 57 to 78 years old. Stage 2 was the most common among the approximately 19 patients. Prior to surgery, the UCLA score had a mean of 23, ranging from 18 to 26, while the mean preoperative VAS score was 8, with a range of 7 to 9. Following surgery, significant improvements were observed in the UCLA score, ranging from 26 to 35, and the post-operative VAS score ranged between 2 and 5. In our study, arthroscopic release appears as a safe procedure with favourable postoperative results. This consequently enables early mobilization of the shoulder joint and decreases complication rates.

Does Silodosin Improve Primary Ureteroscopy Access and Outcomes: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Ureteroscopy (URS) is a widely utilized procedure for the management of urinary stones, though failed access due to ureteral orifice tightness or spasms can be a potential outcome. Silodosin, an alpha-1A adrenergic receptor antagonist, has shown promise in recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in improving URS outcomes by relaxing ureteral smooth muscle. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine whether preoperative administration of silodosin enhances ureteroscopy outcomes, including ureteral access rates, operative time, complication rates, and stone-free rates. Methods: After PROSPERO registration, a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library was conducted for RCTs comparing silodosin with placebo or no medication before URS. Data extraction and bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. Statistical analysis was undertaken by Review Manager V5.4, employing random-effects models for heterogeneous variables. Results: Eight RCTs with a total of 892 patients (416 in the silodosin group and 476 in the control group) met the inclusion criteria. Silodosin significantly reduced operative time by 15.74 minutes (p < 0.00001). The access rate was higher in the silodosin group (96.9%) compared with the control group (87.2%)(p = 0.0004). Total complication rates were lower in the silodosin group (14.39% vs 27.47%, p < 0.00001), as were moderate to significant complications (5.0% vs 11.7%, p = 0.003). Stone-free rates were also higher in the silodosin group (92.16% vs 81.5%, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Preoperative administration of silodosin significantly improves URS outcomes by reducing operative time, increasing access rates, decreasing complication rates, and enhancing stone-free rates. These findings support the integration of silodosin into clinical practice guidelines for URS, potentially improving procedural efficiency and patient outcomes.

294. LEARNING CURVE OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE ESOPHAGECTOMY: OUR SERIES, SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND META-ANALYSIS

Abstract Background Minimally invasive esophagectomy has demonstrated non-inferiority in terms of surgical and oncologic outcomes compared with open esophagectomy, with better short-term outcomes. The learning curve of this procedure is protracted before a plateau of ideal results is reached. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of implementing a totally minimally invasive esophagectomy program for cancer in a high-volume center and the impact of the learning curve on perioperative and oncologic outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective non-randomized control study. The study includes 199 patients who underwent surgery from June 2018 to October 2022. Patients undergoing MIE were assigned to the “MIE group” (n=61), while those undergoing Open Esophagectomy to the “OE group” (n=138). By comparing the perioperative and oncological outcomes between the two groups, we assessed the safety and efficacy of the MIE. Subsequently, the MIE group was divided into two subgroups: Early Experience (“EE”) and Late Experience (“LE”) group. By comparing the perioperative surgical outcomes between these two groups we evaluated the presence and the impact of a learning curve. Results Although longer surgical duration (p&amp;lt;0.001), MIE did not compromise surgical radicality (same rate of R0, p=0.345 and higher number of lymph node yields p&amp;lt;0.001). We observed a learning curve effect on postoperative outcomes, with decreasing complication rates (61% vs. 36.7%, p=0.054), and shorter ICU stay (1.6 ± 2.4 vs. 0.6 ± 1.5, p=0.049) and faster recovery in the LE group (19.6 ± 19.8 vs. 12.2 ± 5.9, p=0.055). Analysis of CUSUM plots reveals a decrease in total ICU and recovery starting with patient number 25. A meta-analysis confirms a trend towards lower anastomotic leak rates as the learning curve progresses. Conclusion The findings of this study support the safety and efficacy of implementing a totally MIE program for cancer in a high-volume center. The outcomes are not impaired by the learning curve effect and meet current standards. Comparing the outcomes of the early experience with those of the late experience, we discovered improving trends in postoperative complication and recovery rates. In our high-volume center's experience, improving these outcomes has required 25 to 30 cases.

198. IDENTIFYING THE OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT OF ESOPHAGEAL ANASTOMOTIC LEAKS. A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND NETWORK META-ANALYSIS

Abstract Background There is currently no consensus as to how best to manage esophageal anastomotic leaks. Intervention with Endoscopic Vacuum Assisted Closure (EVAC), stenting, reoperation, and conservative management have all been mooted as potential options. Consequently, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to evaluate the optimal management strategy for esophageal anastomotic leaks. Methods A systematic review was performed as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines with extension for NMA. NMA was performed using R packages and Shiny. Results In total, 12 retrospective studies were included which included 511 patients. Of the 449 patients for whom data was available 371 (82.6%) were male, and 78 (17.4%) were female. The average age of patients was 62.6 years (Standard deviation (SD) 10.2). Overall, 94.5% of patients underwent initial esophagectomy for an underlying malignancy. The average Body Mass Index (BMI) reported was 25.9 kg/m2. The stenting cohort included 245 (47.9%) patients. The EVAC cohort included 123 (24.1%) patients. The conservative cohort included 87 (17.0%) patients. The re-operation cohort included 56 (10.9%) patients. EVAC had a significantly decreased complication rate compared to stenting (Odds ratio (OR) 0.23 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09-0.58). EVAC had a significantly lower mortality rate than stenting (OR: 0.43, 95% CI 0.21; 0.87). Re-operation was used in significantly larger leaks than stenting (mean difference (MD) 14.66; 95%CI 4.61 24.70). Re-operation was also associated with a significantly increased mortality rate (OR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.01-6.99.). Using stenting as a comparator, NMA failed to demonstrate a significant difference between interventions in terms of success rate. However, EVAC had the greatest difference in success rate (OR: 2.23, 95% CI 0.78-6.34). Conclusion The growing use of EVAC as a first-line intervention in esophageal anastomotic leaks should continue given its proven effectiveness and significant reduction in both complication and mortality rates. One aspect of EVT that was not examined in this study was the number of endoscopic interventions required. Sponge exchanges every 48 to 72 hours are necessary during EVT whereas stents may be left in place for 4-8 weeks. This may have significant implications for treatment choice in resource-limited settings and may have a profound impact on patient quality of life. Surgical management is often necessary for significantly larger leaks. Reoperation in the case of anastomotic leak is often the intervention of choice in systemically unwell patients and those with uncontained leaks. It therefore stands to reason that mortality rates are elevated among this patient cohort and differences in outcome are unlikely to be attributable to the modality of intervention alone.

THE ROLE OF ANTIBACTERIAL HYDROGEL COATING ON COMPLICATION RISKS AFTER COMPLEX PRIMARY AND CEMENTLESS HIP REVISION ARTHROPLASTY: A RETROSPECTIVE MATCHED COHORT STUDY

This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that an antibiotic loaded hydrogel, defensive antimicrobial coating (DAC), reduces overall complication and infection rates when used for high-risk primary and revision total hip arthroplasty (THA).This was a retrospective study matched cohort study of 238 patients, treated with cementless implants with and without DAC. A sub-group analysis of patients undergoing 2nd stage revision THA for prosthetic joint infection (PJI) was also conducted. Re-infection rates within 2 years, complications necessitating surgical intervention and radiographic analysis for aseptic loosening was assessed.The mean age was 68.3±11.5 years, with 39 (32.8%) Macpherson class A, 64 (53.8%) class B and 16 (13.4%) class C patients. 4 (3.4%) patients in the DAC group developed complications including 1 PJI and 1 delayed wound healing, while 13 (10.9%) patients in the control group developed complications including 5 PJIs and 3 delayed wound healing (p=0.032). PJI rates (p=0.136) and delayed wound healing rates (p=0.337) were not statistically significant. For 2nd stage revision THA for PJI there were 86 patients in the DAC group and 45 in the control group. 1 (1.2%) patient in the DAC group developed complications with no recurrences of infection or delayed wound healing, while 10 (22.2%) patients in the control group developed complications including 4 recurrent PJI and 1 delayed wound healing (p=0.003). Recurrent PJI rates were statistically significant (p=0.005) while delayed wound healing rates were not (p=0.165). Patients treated with DAC also had lower rates of aseptic loosening (0% vs 6.7%; p=0.015).Antibiotic impregnated hydrogel coatings on cementless implants showed decreased complication rates after complex primary or revision THA. In 2nd stage revision THA for PJI, it was associated with reduced risk of re-infection and aseptic loosening.

Application of the Modified RUST Score in Tibial Bone Transport and Factors Associated with Docking Site Complications.

Reconstruction of segmental bone defects with bone transport is a well-established treatment. Mechanical complications at the docking site after frame removal are common. These complications include malunion, non-union, axial deviation and refracture. A simple tool to assess the healing of the docking site is currently lacking. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of the modified RUST (mRUST) score in the setting of bone transport and to identify factors associated with an increased risk of docking site complications. This retrospective study was conducted at a single tertiary centre in South Africa, included 24 patients with a tibial bone defect treated with bone transport and a circular frame between 2014 and 2023. Demographic data, clinical and bone transport characteristics were recorded. Mechanical complications, such as fracture, non-union, any angulation >5°, shortening >5 mm, or any other complication requiring reoperation, were recorded. The mRUST was adapted as a ratio for the purpose of this study to overcome the common occurrence of cortices being obscured by the frame. The mRUST ratio was applied before and after frame removal for each patient by three appraisers. Comparison between the groups with and without complications was performed regarding bone transport characteristics, docking site configuration and mRUST ratio. The correlation of the score between radiographs before and after frame removal was assessed. The inter-rater reliability of the mRUST was analysed using Fleiss Kappa statistics for each cortex individually and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the mRUST ratio. In this study, 20 men and 4 women with a median age of 26 years were included. The overall rate of mechanical complications after frame removal was 21.7%. Complications were all related to the docking site, with two angulations, two fractures and one non-union. Demographics, bone transport characteristics and mRUST ratio before and after frame removal were similar between the two groups. Regarding the configuration of the docking site, an angle of 45° or more between the bone surfaces was associated with the occurrence of mechanical complications (p < 0.001). The correlation of the mean mRUST ratio before and after frame removal showed a moderate relationship, with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.50 (p-value 0.13). The inter-rater reliability of the mRUST was "fair" (kappa 0.21-0.40) for the scoring of individual cortices, except for one score which was "slight" (kappa 0.00-0.20). The ICC of the mRUST ratio was 0.662 on radiographs with the frame, and 0.759 after frame removal. This study did not find the mRUST or mRUST ratio useful in assessing the healing of the docking site to decide on the best time to remove the frame. However, a notable finding was that the shape and orientation of the bone ends meeting at the docking site might well be relevant to decrease complication rates. If the angle between the bony surfaces is 45° or more, it may be associated with an increased risk of complications. It may be worthwhile considering reshaping these bone ends at the time of debridement or formal docking procedure to be more collinear, in order to reduce the potential for mechanical complications such as non-union, axial deviation or refracture at the docking site. Kummer A, Nieuwoudt L, Marais LC. Application of the Modified RUST Score in Tibial Bone Transport and Factors Associated with Docking Site Complications. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2024;19(2):73-81.

Nutritional Considerations in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Critical Analysis of Current Evidence.

» Initial screening for malnutrition can be initiated with a fibrinogen-albumin ratio threshold <11.7.» Protein supplementation to goal (1.2-1.9 g/kg), along with essential amino acid augmented with beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate and resistance training have shown benefit, especially in sarcopenic patients.» Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation has a strong antioxidant role and gain of muscle mass.» Supplementation with adenosine triphosphate and magnesium sulfate provides an avenue to decrease postoperative pain and opioid consumption.» Motivational interviewing and multidisciplinary teams to achieve preoperative weight loss >20 lbs in morbidly obese patients can decrease complication rates.

Comparative Study of 1444 nm Laser Monotherapy versus Integrated Liposuction in the Treatment of Axillary Osmidrosis.

Background and Objectives: The 1444 nm wavelength Neodymium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser treatment is an efficient method for treating axillary osmidrosis (AO); however, it has a relatively low treatment persistence. To address this issue, we performed integrated liposuction surgery with a laser to treat AO and compared the results with those of a group treated only with a laser. Materials and Methods: This study compared the outcomes of AO treatment between the two groups up to six months postoperatively. The first group of 18 patients underwent laser treatment alone, and the second group of 12 patients underwent integrated liposuction surgery in addition to laser treatment. Outcomes were assessed using the following variables: degree of malodor (DOM), sweating area, patient satisfaction, pain levels, and complications, such as burns, swelling, and contractures. Results: Compared to the laser-only group, the integrated liposuction group demonstrated significantly superior outcomes in terms of DOM (p = 0.002) and patient satisfaction (p = 0.006), as well as a reduction in the sweating area (p = 0.012). The pain rating was higher in the liposuction group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.054). Compared with the patients in the integrated liposuction treatment group, those in the laser treatment group exhibited a significantly higher number of burns under the axillae (p = 0.025). However, no significant differences were observed in the swelling or contracture between the groups. Conclusions: Integrated liposuction with laser therapy significantly improved treatment outcomes, including malodor, patient satisfaction, sweat test results, and decreased complication rates.

Effect of Primary Arthroplasty on Post Treatment Results among Elderly with Pertrochanteric Femur Fracture

Abstract Background With an increasing global incidence of hip fractures, designing ppropriate treatment strategies for hip fractures is fundamentally important to healthcare professionals. Evaluation of the role of 1ry arthroplasty in the setting of trauma for the acute treatment of hip fractures will be fulfilled. Aim of the Work to review the literature to know the best arthroplastic option for elderly people with pertrochantric fracture and compare between them as regard post-operative complications (infections, bed sores, pneumonia and other chest infections, dislocations), post-operative functional outcome, post-operative dislocation, rate of revision surgrey. Patients and Methods The included studies were randomized controlled trials, including cluster RCTs, controlled (non-randomized) clinical trials or cluster trials, prospective and retrospective comparative cohort studies, and case-control or nested case-control studies. The excluded studies were cross-sectional studies, case series, case reports and literature not in English. Results after extraction of non-compatible studies as regard our priciples, we setteled on 18 studies that compare different types of primary arthroplasty and their post operative outcome among elderly with pertrochanteric femur fracture. We found some heterogenty in the results of some studies but we overcome this problem by using other methods for comparison.Another problem is lack of studies that compare among interventios in some comparative points. Among these studies We found that, as regard postoperative functional outcome and harris hip scoring (HHS), dual mobility arthroplasty(DMA) is higher than Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA). Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is also higher than (BHA) in the score. Conclusion As the general population is getting older while staying active, faster and more complete rehabilitation as well as decreased complication rate must be achieved for these patients.

Early Magnetic Resonance Imaging Use in Clinical Care Pathways for Musculoskeletal Infections in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review

BackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used in the work-up for paediatric patients with musculoskeletal infections (MSKIs). The timing of MRI has been shown to impact surgical accuracy and clinical outcomes for MSKI patients. However, its use in clinical care pathways (CCPs) for suspected cases of MSKI in this population has not been thoroughly reviewed. The objective of this literature review is to determine whether the use of MRI in CCPs for suspected cases of MSKI improves clinical outcomes. MethodsA review was systematically conducted by two authors using studies from Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Studies were screened for relevancy and inclusion criteria through the Covidence database. Retrospective cohort studies that discussed the use of MRI for MSKI in exclusively paediatric populations, published since 1990, and were written/translated to English were included. The quality of the included studies was assessed using tools for cohort studies from Cochrane and the National Center for Biotechnology and Information (NCBI). A qualitative summary of the results was used due to the small number of studies and variables reported in the included studies. A secondary search and review was conducted by the same two authors to identify more studies after initial review. ResultsThe first search across five databases yielded 1,857 studies. Of these, three retrospective cohort studies were relevant to the topic of the review and met the inclusion criteria. The second search yielded 120 studies, but none were applicable for inclusion. The three included studies showed that early MRI improves diagnostic accuracy and surgical timing. They reported on the ability of MRI to define the full extent of an MSKI and identify adjacent infections preoperatively, which improves surgical outcomes and decreases complication rates. The studies reported that early MRI use in CCPs decreases reoperation rates and unnecessary surgeries. The authors also discussed how early MRI use can indirectly decrease hospital costs. ConclusionEarly use of MRI in suspected cases of MSKIs may allow for an accurate and timely diagnosis, and may lead to early intervention and a decreased rate of complications. MRI can depict the full extent of infection and any adjacent infection(s), allowing for the correct intervention to be selected. This may decrease the number of unnecessary surgeries, thereby reducing reoperation rates, length of stay, and readmission rates. Level of EvidenceLevel II

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage vs percutaneous transhepatic bile duct drainage in the management of malignant obstructive jaundice.

Malignant obstructive jaundice (MOJ) is a condition characterized by varying degrees of bile duct stenosis and obstruction, accompanied by the progressive development of malignant tumors, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. Currently, the two most commonly employed methods for its management are percutaneous transhepatic bile duct drainage (PTBD) and endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD). While both methods have demonstrated favorable outcomes, additional research needs to be performed to determine their relative efficacy. To compare the therapeutic effectiveness of EUS-BD and PTBD in treating MOJ. This retrospective analysis, conducted between September 2015 and April 2023 at The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (The First People's Hospital of Changzhou), involved 68 patients with MOJ. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of surgical procedure received: EUS-BD subgroup (n = 33) and PTBD subgroup (n = 35). Variables such as general data, preoperative and postoperative indices, blood routine, liver function indices, myocardial function indices, operative success rate, clinical effectiveness, and complication rate were analyzed and compared between the subgroups. In the EUS-BD subgroup, hospital stay duration, bile drainage volume, effective catheter time, and clinical effectiveness rate were superior to those in the PTBD subgroup, although the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The puncture time for the EUS-BD subgroup was shorter than that for the PTBD subgroup (P < 0.05). Postoperative blood routine, liver function index, and myocardial function index in the EUS-BD subgroup were significantly lower than those in the PTBD subgroup (P < 0.05). Additionally, the complication rate in the EUS-BD subgroup was lower than in the PTBD subgroup (P < 0.05). EUS-BD may reduce the number of punctures, improve liver and myocardial functions, alleviate traumatic stress, and decrease complication rates in MOJ treatment.

Evaluation of ERAS protocol implementation on complex spine surgery complications and length of stay: a single institution study

BACKGROUND CONTEXTWith the goal of improving patient outcomes, the Integrated Spine Center at UT Southwestern Medical Center implemented an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol which includes pre- and postsurgery guidelines. Numerous studies have shown benefit of implementation of ERAS protocols to standardize perioperative care in line with best practices; however, the literature on complication rates, LOS, and readmissions shows mixed results. PURPOSEThe goal of this study was to investigate the impact of the ERAS protocol implementation on complication rates in the perioperative period, as well as hospital and ICU length of stay and hospital re-admission rates. STUDY DESIGN/SETTINGA retrospective cohort study was performed on all patients who underwent spine surgery between September 2016 and September 2021 at a single institution. Patients who met inclusion criteria were divided into non-ERAS and ERAS groups, and comparative statistics were used to evaluate ERAS protocol effectiveness. PATIENT SAMPLEAll patients who underwent spine surgery at UT Southwestern between September 2016 and September 2021 were evaluated for inclusion in the study. The patient sample was further refined to include only complex patient cases which were able to receive the full ERAS protocol (nonemergent admissions). OUTCOME MEASURESPresence of absence of postoperative complications including surgical site infection, AKI, DVT, MI, sepsis, pneumonia, PE, stroke, shock, and other complications were compared between groups, as were hospital and ICU length of stay, and 7, 30, and 90 day readmissions. Self-reported or functional measures were not used in outcome evaluation. METHODSA database of patient and surgery characteristics was built using an EMR query tool with spot checks performed by the authors. Control and treatment groups were matched for gender, age, BMI, ASA score, and surgery type. Total number of complication rates was compared between ERAS and non-ERAS groups, and comparative statistics were used to determine significance. RESULTSSignificant differences between ERAS versus non-ERAS groups were found in rates of UTI (6.8% vs 3.1%, respectively; p=.031), constipation (20.6% vs 11.4%, respectively; p=.001), and any complications (31.4% vs 19.4%, respectively; p<.001). There was no significant difference in the rates of other complications, in length of hospital or ICU stay, or readmissions at 7, 30, and 90 days. CONCLUSIONSImplementation of the ERAS protocol did not decrease complication rates or length of stay, and ERAS patients had significantly higher rates of UTI, constipation, and any complications. There may have been confounding factors due to the impact of COVID-19 on delivery of care, as well as misalignment between ERAS goals and outcome measures.

Robotic-assisted spine surgery-a narrative review.

Emerging technologies have increasingly been adopted in spine surgery in the attempt to increase precision and improve outcomes. Robotic assistance is an area of significant interest, with proposed benefits including increased accuracy, decreased complication rates, and decreased radiation exposure. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the currently available robotic assistance systems and their associated outcomes and limitations. A review of national databases was performed using key terms "robotic", "spine", and "surgery" for literature from 2014 to 2023. Studies that aimed to describe the utilities of endoscopic surgeries, associated outcomes, limitations, and future directions were included. Studies that were not in English were excluded. This review includes a brief overview of the history of robotic spine surgery as well as its clinical outcomes, limitations, and future directions. Robotic-assisted spine surgery has seen increasing use in the attempt to increase precision and improve outcomes and has been associated with increased accuracy in pedicle screw placement and decreased complication rates. Barriers to its adoption include a significant learning curve, possibly longer operative cases, and significant associated costs. As robotic assistance continues to become increasingly popular in spine surgery, it is critical for surgeons to understand the technology available and the associated outcomes to make informed decisions when considering which system to incorporate into their practice.

Optimizing Geriatric Venipuncture: A DRG-Compatible Team-Based Reengineering Strategy.

This study evaluates a reengineered intervention aimed at improving the clinical management of intravenous indwelling needles in geriatric patients, focusing on cost-efficiency within the Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG) payment framework. The intervention was assessed through a comparative study involving 387 elderly patients in the Geriatric Department of Xuanwu Hospital, between June 2021 and March 2022. The study contrasted outcomes between patients treated before and after implementing a new team-based management protocol in November 2021. Findings indicate enhanced first-attempt venipuncture success, reduced consumable costs, and decreased complication rates in the post-intervention group (P < 0.001), compared to controls. The intervention demonstrates significant benefits in venipuncture efficiency, cost reduction, and patient safety, suggesting its potential for broader adoption in geriatric care.

Mini-Craniotomy for Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Reliable Surgical Option.

Introduction Chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) is one of the most common conditions encountered in the neurosurgical practice. Surgical modalities like twist drill craniostomy, burr hole evacuation, mini-craniotomy, and craniotomy are practiced in the management of chronic SDH. Mini-craniotomy without excision of membranes may help to achieve best results with decreased complication rate. Materials and Methods Patients with chronic SDH operated from September 2013 to September 2022 were included in the study. Mini-craniotomy (40-60 mm) was done and cruciate incision was given over the dura. Dura was left wide open by reflecting and suturing the cut edges of the dural leaflets to the craniotomy edge allowing to evacuate subdural space under vision during surgery and to allow any residual collection to drain out freely in the postoperative period. A drain was placed between the inner membrane and the bone flap. Preoperative and postoperative clinical and radiological parameters were recorded. Complications, recurrence, and residual collections were noted. Results Seventy-seven patients were included in the study. Mean age was 57.32 years. Median Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at presentation was 13 while median GCS at discharge was 15. Two patients with preexisting comorbidities expired after surgery due to medical causes. No recurrences were noted. Fourteen patients had residual collections which resolved by 6 weeks. Two patients had wound infection. One of these patients later needed a bone flap removal due to osteomyelitis. Conclusion Mini-craniotomy without membranectomy is a good option for complete evacuation of chronic SDH under vision mainly avoiding the complication of membranectomy. It is not associated with increased complications rate. It needs fewer follow-ups as brain expansion can be established radiologically in a short period.

Is There a Learning Curve for the 5-Year Implant Survival Rate of Total Hip Arthroplasty Using the Direct Anterior Approach With a Traction Table? A Prospective Cohort Study

BackgroundThe direct anterior approach (DAA) for total hip arthroplasty (THA) is attracting attention as a minimally invasive surgery, but the learning curve to master this approach is a concern, and its effect on long-term results is unknown. The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to clarify how the learning curve affects the 5-year results of DAA THA with a traction table. MethodsOf 402 THA cases using DAA with a mobile traction table and fluoroscopy, 249 cases composed of the first 50 cases for each surgeon were assessed during a learning curve, and 153 cases were evaluated after more than 50 cases of experience. ResultsThe 5-year-implant survival rate was 99.2% both during and after the learning curve. The 2-year complication rate in the learning curve group was 8.9 versus 5.9%, which was not statistically significant. The 2-to-5-year complication rates also did not differ between the cohorts (0 versus 0.7%). Both groups demonstrated decreased complication rates when comparing 2-year complications to 2-to-5-year complications. Clinical scores significantly improved by 2 years and were maintained at 5 years in both groups. The cup safe-zone success rates were 96.4% during the learning curve and 98.7% after the learning curve. The stem safe-zone success rates were 97.2% during the learning curve and 96.1% after the learning curve. Surgical time was approximately 20 minutes shorter after the first 50 cases than during the learning curve (70.8 versus 90.6 minutes, P = .001). Intraoperative blood loss was significantly less after the learning curve than during the learning curve. ConclusionsThis study implies that the learning curve affects perioperative results such as surgical time and intraoperative blood loss, but has little effect on short-term results up to 2 years after surgery and no effect on mid-term results from 2 to 5 years after surgery.

Prognosis of recovery and death within 1–6 months of spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage undergoing suboccipital craniotomy

BackgroundSuboccipital craniotomy is a considerable surgical approach for large spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage, but its prognostic has not been comprehensively addressed. This study aims to report the surgical outcomes and factors related to the prognosis of recovery and death within 1–6 months of patients with spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage. MethodsWe retrospectively studied 37 patients who underwent craniotomy due to spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage from January 2019 to April 2022. ResultsThe disease occurs at a mean age of 62.86 years old, with a male/female ratio of 4.26/1. Hemorrhage is mainly in the cerebellar hemisphere. Hospital stays averaged 13.32 days, with significant reductions in hematoma diameter and volume after surgery. The hospital mortality rate was 5.41 %, increasing to 45.95 % at 1 month post-discharge. Prognostic factors for death within 1 month include low Glasgow score, small hematoma diameter, and low hematoma volume. Factors associated with recovery include young age, absence of ventricle hemorrhage, and high Glasgow score. ConclusionsSuboccipital craniotomy demonstrates a high efficacy in resolving hematomas with decreased complication rates, lower mortality, and improved patient recovery outcomes. Optimal surgical outcomes would be achieved with early intervention, particularly in younger patients.