Decorative Parts Research Articles

BORİK ASİT MODİFİKASYONUNUN SU BAZLI VERNİĞİN YANMA DİRENCİNE ETKİSİ

In this research, the effects of boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ) solution on the combustion properties of water based varnish was investigated. For this purpose, water-based varnish which was modified with 5% boric acid at varied amount (10%, 20%, and 30%) was applied on the experiment samples made from scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and beech (Fagus orientalis L.). Afterwards, the combustion properties of the water based varnish was determined according to ASTM-E 69 standard principles. During combustion tests, released amount of oxygen (%), carbon monoxide (ppm), nitrogen oxide (ppm) gases, mass loss of the samples (%) and combustion temperature values are determinate. According to the research outcome, when increase the boric acid value in the water based varnish the resistance properties against to fire increases. In addition it may also be suggested that, in the selection of the furniture and decoration parts likely to be exposed to higher temperatures, beech wood is better than pine wood.

The Study of Defects on Galvanically Plated Polymeric Parts

Galvanic plating of polymeric structural parts is widely used in many industrial branches, e.g. in automotive. Minor errors in their manufacturing process are responsible for presence of surface defects. These defects, especially in the case of visual and decorative parts, are unacceptable. This paper demonstrates the usage of optical and electron microscopy to reveal and solve common problems in industrial production. Different types of galvanic plating defects on injection molded parts made of ABS, PC/ABS and PA manifest themselves by different ways.

Inspection of Asian Lacquer Substructures by Terahertz Time-Domain Imaging (THz-TDI)

Lacquering is considered one of the most representative Asian artistic techniques. While the decorative part of lacquerwares is the lacquer itself, their substructures serve as the backbone of the object itself. Very little is known about these hidden substructures. Since lacquerwares are mostly composed of organic materials, such as urushi, wood, carbon black, and fabrics which are very X-ray transparent, standard X-ray radiography has some problems in achieving clear X-ray radiographic images. Therefore, we wanted to contribute to the understanding of the lacquer manufacturing technique by inspecting the substructures of Asian lacquerwares by means of THz time-domain imaging (THz-TDI). Three different kinds of Asian lacquerwares were examined by THz-TDI, and the outcomes have been compared with those obtained by standard X-radiography. THz-TDI provides unique information on lacquerwares substructures, aiding in the comprehension of the manufacturing technology yielding to these precious artefacts.

Technology improvement of chromium on steel parts electrodeposition using complex command and control systems

The paper aims to provide improved technological process of electrochemical deposition of chromium on steel for decorative parts for corrosion protection but also to improve mechanical properties. The proposed idea is perfectly suited to be grafted onto existing electrodeposition installations, but it can be applied successfully in the development of new such plants. Complex command and control systems are designed to operate in high aggressive environmental conditions specific to these types of installations. The theoretical part completes the experimental results obtained on a laboratory facility.

Wrinkling in polymer film‐polymer substrate systems and a technique to minimize these surface distortions

Thermally induced wrinkling during thermoforming of a commercial multi‐layered polymer film/substrate laminate has been reported. The differential thermal expansion of component layers coupled with phase transition of the substrate with increasing temperature, determined the critical conditions for wrinkling with a specific wavelength and amplitude. An effective technique to minimize wrinkling by biaxially stretching the samples at high temperature before the forming operation, has been proposed. The samples were biaxially stretched by inflating the samples using a specially designed blowing unit retrofitted to a conventional vacuum thermoformer. This method involved heating, inflation and forming, together to provide stretch‐assisted thermoforming. During biaxial stretching the stored compressive stresses in a wrinkled sample were relieved before the forming step, producing a decorative part without losses in surface appearance. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:31–43, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers

Numerical and experimental evaluation of surface properties of embossed decorative injection-molded parts

In this study, short-glass-fiber-reinforced poly(butylene terephtalate) with embossed decorative patterns was produced by an injection molding using a plated-shape cavity with embossed fine convexo-concave patterns on a fixed one-sided surface. The influence of the molding conditions, the fiber contents, and the fiber orientation distributions on the embossed-surface quality of the injection-molded parts was investigated by experiment methods. A method for evaluating the quality of the embossed surface using a spectrum analysis computes Fourier transform from surface roughness data was presented. Further, the software CIMP-PACK3DM was employed to analyze the resin flow in the specimens using the finite element method. The numerical results were in good quantitative agreement with the experimental methods. Consequently, the study aimed to find out an approach for produce a favorable surface quality from considering the resin surface temperature and resin pressure in the filling process, or the fiber orientation prediction of final part.

La domus au Salon noir. Nouvelles données sur l’habitat résidentiel d’Aix-en-Provence aux Ier et IIe s. ap. J.-C. 2. Le décor mural de la salle à la Mosaïque noire

Through the study of mural paintings collapsed on the mosaic of a reception room, in the domus au Salon noir in Aix-en-Provence, it was possible to reconstruct a large part of the painted decoration ; the datation is the third quarter of 1st c. AD, and it is clearly characteristic of the Fourth provincial style. The ornamental composition is rather common but features original choices of tints and of a few motives. Some fragments could be part of the decoration of the ceiling. The remarkable state of preservation of plasters from two walls allows to recompose the architectural volume of this room.

De gevel – een intermediair element tussen buiten en binnen: Over het tonen en vertonen van het twintigste-eeuwse woongebouw in Nederland

De gevel – een intermediair element tussen buiten en binnen: Over het tonen en vertonen van het twintigste-eeuwse woongebouw in Nederland

De gevel – een intermediair element tussen buiten en binnen

De gevel – een intermediair element tussen buiten en binnen

A Particular Silhouette of Human-Influenced Coconut Trees in Hindu Bali, Indonesia: An ethnobotanical field note

In Hindu Bali, coconut trees near human settlements exhibit a particular silhouette. To understand the relationship between human activity and the landscape created by plant usage, we analyzed the extent of the cut-leaved coconut canopies and consumption pattern of coconut leaflets for religious purposes on Bali Island. Cut-leaved coconut canopies were identified in 78% of the 18 sites investigated, and 22% of coconut trees had cut leaves. Coconut leaflets, young and old, were gathered from live trees and frequently used for many offerings such as canang, penjor, and sanggah cucuk for Dewi Sri as part of plant decorations made with various colorful flowers and ornamental tree leaves. Balinese people still make traditional offerings with intact plant materials, although recently coconut leaflets are increasingly sold in markets in urban areas. We conclude that this particular coconut silhouette is a result of human ritual activities stemming from the Balinese culture.

Design Methodology of Sliders Used in Laminating Tools for Decorative Products

The paper presents a design methodology for a slider assembly from tools used in laminating process of decorative parts with big curvature and negative draft. In usual cases are used a single active part to laminate parts. For laminating process of this surface are designed a slider assembly with three active parts. All these three active parts have their own heating-cooling systems. That means a good temperature control in each point on surface. The results are a laminating process without scratches, signs or imperfections. In the paper are also presented the working method of slider assembly and all the main steps in design from concept direction to clash analysis.

Direct 3D printing of polymers onto textiles: experimental studies and applications

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the adhesion of polymer materials printed directly onto fabrics using entry-level fused deposition modelling (FDM) machines. A series of functional and decorative parts were designed to explore the limitations and to identify potential applications.Design/methodology/approach– A series of shapes and structures were designed as 3D computer-aided design (CAD) solids to determine whether complex parts could be printed directly onto the surface of fabrics. The structures were fabricated using an entry-level FDM printer with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polylactic acid (PLA) and nylon on eight different types of synthetic and man-made woven and knit fabrics. The results were recorded according to four parameters – the warp, bond, print quality and flex – before comparing the data sets.Findings– Among the three polymers, PLA showed the best results when printed on the eight different types of fabrics, having extremely good adhesion with little warp, yet displaying a high quality of print with good flexural strength. For the fabrics, woven cotton, woven polywool and knit soy had excellent adhesion when the three polymers were deposited.Research limitations/implications– Future work should cover a wider range of polymers and textiles and incorporate more functional features for testing. Other aspects include modifying the fibre surface through mechanical or chemical means to achieve a more efficient adhesion with the fibre and examining the deposition process in terms of temperature, pressure and build density. Future work should also investigate the feasibility for large-scale production.Practical implications– This paper supports work on wearable electronics by integrating comfortable textiles with hard wearing parts without compromising on quality and fit and combining additive manufacturing processes with textiles to maintain the drape characteristics of the fabric. Polymer–textile deposition will contribute to new applications and functional products such as orthopaedic braces for medical use or for decorative features such as buttons and trimmings for garments.Originality/value– This paper has contributed to new knowledge by providing a better understanding of polymer materials being printed directly onto fabrics using entry-level FDM machines.

Design and assessment of a 3D printing vending machine

Purpose – The purpose of this study/paper is to present the design and implementation of a novel vending machine concept based on desktop-scale extrusion additive manufacturing (AM). Due to cost, access to AM technologies at academic institutions tends to be limited to upper-level courses to support project-based coursework. However, with the decreasing cost of desktop-scale AM technology, there is potential to improve student access to such technologies and provide more opportunities for AM education. Design/methodology/approach – The authors present the design and implementation of an AM “vending machine” that is powered by desktop-scale extrusion-based AM systems. This system intends to provide students broad, unrestricted access to entry-level AM tools and promote informal learning opportunities. Findings – Student users of the AM vending machine are found to be primarily engineering majors at various levels in their studies. Manufactured parts are evenly split between functional and decorative parts, though 75 per cent of students are creating their own designs rather than simply printing found design files. Research limitations/implications – Future work will focus on improving the system’s ease-of-maintenance, lowering the barrier to entry with a simpler user interface and establishing a method for better recording part and user information. Practical implications – The interface of the AM vending machine lowers the barrier of entry into engaging with AM and places this emerging technology in a familiar and “safe” context. It provides students at various levels and disciplines the opportunity to fabricate parts for classroom and personal projects. Social implications – A “vending machine” system may have far-reaching implications for public access and use of AM. Such broad access has the potential to further educate and impassion the public about the potential of AM. Originality/value – This work represents the creation and assessment of the world’s first AM vending machine.

Modification of Milling Tools and their Coating for Machining Sandwich Materials

This article deals with special kind of machining of multi-layer laminar composites called sandwich composites. This material consists of two outer layers that overlap core material at the centre made from a light material. This material is used in the automotive industry in interior parts such as dashboards, decorative parts and panels. The product is folded from thin plastic and aluminum. As customers require high-end quality for higher class-vehicles, machining must be ensured at as high a level as possible to suit customer demands. Appropriate processing methods have been investigated experimentally in order to choose the best tool that would guarantee a consistently high quality of cut depending on high durability. Therefore it is still necessary to permanently test new tools with different types of coating, including thin films and different geometry to achieve the required quality at less clamping milling tools, which need to be changed after some pieces and edge sharpen.

Thin Films as Material Engineering

Thin films are defined as a two-dimensional material created by condensing, one-by-one, atomic/ lecular/ionic species of matter in contrast to a bulk three-dimensional material. The thin-films have been used for more than a half century for making optical coating, electronic devices, instrument hard coatings, and/or decorative parts. However, e thin-film technology is still being developed on a daily basis since it is a key technology in the twenty-first century for the development of new functional devices. It is also noted that the thin-film technology saves materials and energy consumption. Thin film process is an environment-benign technology. Several deposition processes are used for the thin-film deposition including thermal deposition, chemical vapor deposition, and sputtering deposition. The present author has studied on the sputtering deposition for academic and industrial use for more than 40 years. The sputtering deposition carries exotic/interesting phenomena due to the presence of highly energetic sputtered species. In this paper, the first fundamentals of thin-film materials are described. Then several exotic/interesting phenomena observed in the sputtering deposition are discussed as possible future materials science and technology. The exotic/interesting phenomena include room-temperature growth of diamonds, phase control of high-Curie temperature (T C) oxide superconductors, multilayered structure with enhanced piezoelectricity, and extraordinary high-performance ferroelectric thin-films.

The Bird in the Corner of the Painting: Some Problems with the Use of Buddhist Texts to Study Buddhist Ornamental Art in Thailand

Despite the prevalence of ornament and decoration in Buddhist monasteries in Thailand, as an art form, ornament has been almost entirely ignored in favor of the study of narrative and didactic art and literature. In this paper, I approach the subject of temple ornament (focusing primarily on the use of decorative birds) in Thai Buddhism through the lens of Affect Theory. As scholars of this approach emphasize that to study affect is to study “of accumulative beside-ness.” It is the study of accumulation of encounters. The senses accumulate images, feelings, scents, and sounds constantly. It is the slow accretion of knowledge in the form of non-discursive impressions. It is not the systematic learning of facts, dates, titles, terms, narrative sequences, ethical standards, and logical progressions, but the body’s “capacity to affect and be affected.” Birds are so common in Buddhist stories, murals, illuminated manuscripts, dance dramas and comedies, jewelry, and decorative parts of clothing and temple architecture that they become, like ritual and music, repetitious affective encounters experienced in Buddhist popular culture. I assert that these affective encounters are as fundamental, if not more fundamental, to the ways Buddhists learn to be Buddhists, because they are more accessible and common, than ethical arguments, philosophical treatises, and doctrinal formulations.

Przedstawienie irańskich końskich pancerzy w azerbejdżańskim romansie Varqa i Gulshah z początku 13 wieku. O sasanidzkiej? genezie elementu końskiego oporządzenia w okresie seldżuckim

The richly illustrated 13th century Seljuk manuscript Varqa and Gulshah from Azerbaijan provides a number of lavish miniatures, some depicting armored warriors riding horses covered with richly decorated caparisons. The illustrations show that the long caparisons were multi-layered, an indication that they were designed to offer some protection for the mounts. Despite the scholars’ opposing opinions, the author maintains that caparisons were well established in Islamic armies as attested by literary sources and iconography. Moreover, the existence of rich terminology concerning different types of horse armor clearly evidences the relative popularity of horse protection. Although the bardings had been known in various cultures for the millennia before the Seljuks, the direct inspiration for the appearance of caparisons at that time must be associated with the Sasanian tradition. Furthermore, the article discusses protective properties of caparisons in which protection was provided by padding consisting of a number of textile layers. For instance, metallic armor such as maille or leather armor such as lamellar were stitched into the padded or fabric barding. The former is attested in the Islamic world but can be traced back to earlier Iranian traditions. The evidence for the latter type comes from Firuzabad reliefs. However, scattered metal plates attached to caparisons in random patterns do not seem to have had any protective function; they were merely a part of decoration. Post-Sasanian origin of Seljuk protective caparisons should be found well evidenced and most probable.

SPECTROMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF PIGMENTS AND SUBSTRATA IN WOOD PAINTINGS

A polychrome and gilded wooden artifact was found, in a heavily deteriorated state, in the stores of the Mdina Cathedral Museum, Malta. The object represents two zoomorphic angels holding a coat of arms. Stylistically, the artifact matches with parts of a late 16th century Organ balcony, currently exhibited at the same Museum. The present study aims to establish whether or not the newly recovered artifact might have formed part of the balcony ensemble by means of material identification techniques. The combined use of XRF, FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopy ensure a detailed characterization of the material used. In the case of pigments, for both artifacts the blue pigment was smalt, while cinnabar was used for red and flesh tones. The metallic decorative parts of the panels are gilded, confirmed by the presence of Au peaks in the X-ray spectra. The supporting structure of both artifacts was manufactured from poplar wood.

Abrasive Elements and Abrasion Resistance Tests for Car Seat Upholstery

The weight of textile components in automobiles is expected to rise to 35 kg by 2020, and the average lifetime of a vehicle is about 12 years. Car seats are the most important part of the interior decoration, and polyester is the most widely used material in car seat covering. Abrasion resistance tests are used to quantify the duration of car seat upholstery in normal usage, and this is one of the most important requirements. Several testing methods, standards, and car producer specifications have been developed to define the abrasion resistance of specified materials, and pre-tests have been taken to identify parameters for this research. The objective of this study was to compare three abrasion tests with different abrasive elements using car seat upholstery structures. Comparison among abrasion testers and abrasive papers shows statistically significant differences. The relationship between weight loss and abrasion cycles can be modelled by regression equations.

The Composition and Uses of the Building Material

The building products were made from various materials, which are fitted in architectural hardware and decorative hardware parts of a building. This paper introduces the category of the building material, including naturally occurring substances and man-made substances. Building material is any material which is used for construction purposes. The manufacture of building materials is an established industry in many countries and the use of these materials is typically segmented into specific specialty trades