Decorative Glass Research Articles

Meningkatkan Kreativitas Mahasiswa Melalui Pemanfaatan Kerang Laut Sebagai Hiasan Kaca

In this era of development, there are many things that young people, especially students, can do to produce creativity from various types of unused materials and manage them into quality and valuable creativity. The aim of the creativity program for managing sea shells as glass decorations is useful creativity which can help students create creativity with very minimal capital and sell it at varying and profitable prices for students. This creativity also helps students' economy to meet their personal and college needs. The use of sea shells as glass decorations is a motivation for students who want to get involved directly in the world of entrepreneurship with minimal capital, materials that are environmentally friendly and very easy to obtain.

To Approach the Factors of Influencing Consumer Preferences for Corrective Eyewear Design

Correctional eyeglasses used for myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia require adaptation and prolonged wearing, similar to assistive devices. Unlike decorative glasses, which can be freely changed or not worn as desired and coordinated with overall attire, wearing eyeglasses alters facial appearance. The aesthetics, comfort, and functional quality of eyeglasses directly affect the wearer's willingness, thus impacting visual health and quality of life. Therefore, corrective eyeglass frames need to balance between aesthetic appearance and visual health. This study employs methods such as the Kano Model, Important Performance Analysis (IPA), and Choquet integral to explore the key preference factors for the design of corrective eyeglass frames. Differing from traditional 5-point equidistant semantic questionnaires, this study employs a non-equal interval semantic questionnaire with a golden ratio scale to differentiate adjacent semantic importance ratios, highlighting weighted emphasis on aesthetics. The results provide reference for eyeglass designers and related industries. It is expected to design eyewear that better meets the needs of the Taiwanese population, encouraging people to wear corrective eyewear willingly, thereby further maintaining visual health, improving quality of life, enhancing visual health, and quality of life.

Utilizing ablation volume for calibration in LA-ICP-MS mapping to address variations in ablation rates within and between matrices

Quantification in 2D LA-ICP-MS mapping generally requires matrix-matched standards to minimize issues related to elemental fractionation. In addition, internal standardization is commonly applied to correct for instrumental drift and fluctuation, whereas also differences in ablated mass can be rectified for samples that cannot be sectioned and subjected to total ablation. However, it is crucial that the internal standard element is homogeneously distributed in the sample and that the laser light absorptivity is uniform over the surface. As in practice these requirements are often not met, this work will focus on correction of ablation rate differences within/between samples and standards by normalizing the element maps using the associated ablation volume per pixel as measured by optical profilometry. Due to the volume correction approach the element concentrations are no longer defined as mass per mass concentrations (in μg g−1) but by mass per volume concentrations (in μg cm−3), which can be interconverted in case matrix densities are known. The findings show that ablation volume-aided calibration yields more accurate element concentrations in 2D LA-ICP-MS maps for a decorative glass with highly varying elemental concentrations (murrina). This research presents a warning that if there are variations in ablation rates between samples and standards within and across matrices, even when their sensitivities are the same, generic LA-ICP-MS calibration protocols may not accurately depict the actual element concentrations.

Assessing the decorative techniques of two Art Nouveau glass windows by optical coherence tomography (OCT)

This work presents an assessment of the different decoration techniques applied in the two glass windows from the Casa-Museu Dr. Anastácio Gonçalves (Lisbon, Portugal) by Optical coherence tomography (OCT). The Dining Room glass window was found to be decorated with grisailles and acid etching, and the Atelier window with grisaille, enamel, and cold painting. The alteration state of the surface decorations was also assessed. The thicker surface decorations (grisailles and enamels) presented cracks and detachments, in contrast to the thinner lines which are normally well preserved. OCT is a suitable technique for characterizing glass decoration in situ without dismounting the stained-glass window; and able to reveal the condition and methods of manufacture that cannot be detected simply by visual inspection.

The Non-Invasive Characterization of Iron Age Glass Finds from the “Gaetano Chierici” Collection in Reggio Emilia (Italy)

This work reports the results of the analyses performed on a set of glass finds from the “Gaetano Chierici” collection in the Civic Museums of Reggio Emilia. Forty-eight typologically heterogeneous glass finds were included in the list of the analyzed objects, dating from the fifth century BCE to the first century CE. The objects primarily consisted of glass beads; however, bangles, pinheads, and one vessel fragment were also included in the set. The items were analyzed using non-invasive spectroscopic methods that were implemented with portable equipment on the museum’s premises. Fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy was used to identify the coloring species in the glass matrix, while X-ray fluorescence spectrometry provided compositional information. Both techniques allowed for a discussion of the mechanisms of coloring and opacification, as well as the raw materials used for this purpose. The results provided a complex picture of the various colorants used to manipulate the appearance of the glass, which was a crucial aspect in the creation of the personal adornments represented by these glass items. The data revealed evidence of different sources of raw glass and colorants. Most of the samples were colored with cobalt, but iron and copper also influenced the color of many of them. Both white and yellow were utilized for the glass decorations, and these colors were achieved with the addition of either antimony-containing crystals or tin-containing ones. This finding suggests that the transition from antimonate to stannate started as early as the second century BCE. The “Gaetano Chierici” collection contains representative objects distributed throughout the investigated period. The results obtained here are a starting point for future studies of glass technology and provenance in the area.

Study on Chemical Composition Analysis and Methods of Ancient Glass Relics

In this paper, the relationship between the surface weathering of glass artifacts and the type, decoration, and color of glass was visualized by using a columnar table analysis[1], and the relationship between the three factors on the surface weathering was tested separately for significance by using a chi-square test; in addition, a multi-factor ANOVA was used to analyze whether the three factors of the type, decoration, and color of glass and their interaction on the surface weathering of glass artifacts had The significant relationships were analyzed by multivariate ANOVA. Then, the relative contributions of different types of glass to the prediction accuracy of the model were ranked by importance according to the proportion of chemical components before and after weathering at each sample point through random forest, and the chemical components were selected according to the importance ranking, and after removing most of the unimportant chemical components, the final retained chemical components were used to construct the final random forest regression model to obtain the laws of their classification, and finally the corresponding The results were obtained. The chemical components such as calcium oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, and nitrogen oxide were drawn for visual analysis according to their importance, and we compared the derived results with the known literature and found that they were consistent with the results classified by the known literature.

Fisher's linear discriminant analysis model for inscribing the effect of chemical composition on cultural heritage

In this study, the relationship between weathering and glass type, decoration and colour was first analysed using Goodman and Kruskal's tau-y coefficients, and a chi-squared test was performed, which showed that weathering was most influenced by glass type, and was influenced by glass decoration but very little by glass colour. A Fisher linear discriminant analysis model was then established, and the eight chemical components with the greatest correlation to artefact type were calculated using SPSS software under the conditions of the two glass types respectively, and optimised using a grey correlation algorithm with specified thresholds for screening components, resulting in four final elements affecting high potassium glass as potassium oxide, magnesium oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide, and affecting lead and barium types as calcium oxide, aluminium oxide, lead oxide and barium oxide, aluminium oxide, lead oxide, barium oxide and strontium oxide.

The creation of contemporary glass mosaics inspired by ancient Burmese glass art

This research studies glass decorations used in religious buildings from nineteenth-century Burma. It focuses on artworks found along the inner walls of the Buddhist shrine at Shwe Yan Pyay in Nyaungshwe City. Dating from the early nineteenth century, the shrine still serves as a Buddhist learning centre in the village and is thus an invaluable source of knowledge on Burmese and Asian art. Ancient glass artworks employed different techniques, many of which have since faded from practice, such as painting under glass or using lacquer. Their study can inform art education, promote art conservation and open new creative pathways for contemporary artists. This study has researched these ancient techniques through practice-based research and offers examples of its contemporary application.

Synchrotron radiation study on Thai reddish glass

It is well-known that red glass has been used as a decorative glass in Thailand for hundred years. Pieces of reddish decorative glasses (Ancient Burmese Glass: ABG, Ancient Thai Glass: ATG, and Modern Imported Glass: MIG) have been collected from different areas in Thailand. The elemental composition and morphology of these samples have been examined using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and proton-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE). The binding components have been analyzed using infrared spectroscopy based on synchrotron radiation (SR IR). PIXE results indicate a presence of trace elements which is beyond the limit of detection of EDS. It has been found that ABG and MIG are soda-silicate glass, while ATG is lead-based glass. The red coloration in ABG, ATG, and MIG is affected by the contents of Cu, Cd, and Se. It is also found that ABG and MIG have been produced using crucible vessel and glass-making furnace, respectively, while ATG has been produced using either crucible vessel or glass-making furnace. With the high brightness of the synchrotron source, SR IR can analyze the sample with a high spatial resolution of 20 × 20 µm2. SR IR results confirm the presence of inorganic and organic functional groups in glass samples which exhibit distinctive peaks for different types of glass.

Use of gamma irradiation for decorative coloring of glass in the Moroccan NIAR facility

The applications that cover the use of ionizing radiation are numerous, very diverse and belong to several fields of activity such as, the medical and agricultural fields etc. The aim of this work is to highlight an application of decorative glass coloring by gamma radiation. Crystal white glass cups are placed on small rotating tables and subjected to exposure to gamma radiation from the cobalt-60 gamma irradiator of the National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA-Morocco / Tangier) for doses between 0 and 1.5 KGy. The results obtained show the variation in the color of glass between light brown to dark brown depending on the absorbed dose.

The use of refractory materials in the artistic painting of glass panels

Based on the analysis of the glass use evolution in architecture and construction, the need to improve or search for new types of glass as an element of the interior or exterior and ways to decorate them and the feasibility of using artistic painting was shown. The purpose of this work was its use in the manufacture of decorative elements for architectural and construction purposes with different surface textures and relief of polished float sheet glass while providing significant resource and energy savings with the use of refractory materials. The equipment and materials which were used included: Z. Bavelloni grinder; muffle furnace CGB-100.150.55-10- 380 for painting and annealing; sprayer type LVLP 1.3 mm INTERTOOL PT-0132 for spraying fine kaolin suspension; degreasing solution; panels from the polished float glass with the following chemical composition, wt. %: SiO2 — 73.0; Al2O3 — 1.0; Fe2O3 — 0.1; CaO — 8.6; MgO — 3.6; Na2O — 13.4; SO3 — 0.3 and 6 mm thick; refractory plates LYTX—264B and heat-resistant paper LYTX—236B from ceramic fibers. The coefficient of thermal linear expansion of glasses and refractories was determined using a quartz vertical dilatometer. As a result of the carried out researches the possibility of obtaining the set texture and three-dimensional relief of the surface of architectural and construction decorative products from polished float glass sheet by artistic painting with the use of refractory materials was shown. The factors that are decisive in the choice of such materials and their effectiveness were identified. Significant simplification and cheapening of the method of making decorative glass by artistic painting has been achieved due to the fact that to obtain each effect on the surface of the product it is enough to replace the refractory fragments of the composition and their arrangement instead of making new support plates. Further research of forming processes and phase generations in compositions based on applied and new refractory materials and their waste will contribute to a significant expansion of the range and areas of use the artistic and decorative glass products use.

The Matterozzi collection of Early Christian gold-glass at the British Museum: An investigation of textual records and an edition of archival sources

Abstract This article recounts the story of an outstanding and yet little-known eighteenth-century character, the collector of sacred art Alessandro Matterozzi (1713–1783). He displayed in his family palace in Urbania (Marche, Italy), among paintings and antiquities, a select collection of Early Christian gold-glass, a form of decorative glass made of two layers of glass with a design in gold leaf fused between them. The seventeen pieces acquired from his collection by the British Museum consist of the bases of glass vessels found mainly in Early Christian catacombs. The drawings filed in Gaetano Marini’s sylloge entitled ‘Inscriptiones christianae’ (1765–1801), now in the Vatican Library, together with other newly studied written sources, document how Matterozzi assembled one of the largest gold-glass collections of his time, which was later added to the collections of the British Museum.

Tinjauan Estetika Hiasan Kaca Patri Pada Gereja Katolik Inkulturatif Paroki Santo Fransiskus Asisi Berastagi Berdasarkan Prinsip Seni Rupa

This study aims to describe the aesthetic quality of the stained glass decoration work at the Catholic Church of St. Francis of Asisi Berastagi based on the principles of fine arts, especially in the aspects of unity, balance, rhythm, proportion, composition, and center of interest. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The subjects in this study were part of the stained glass in the Catholic Church of St. Francis of Asisi, which is also a sample in this study, amounting to five samples. The sampling technique used was total sampling. The results of this study explain that the visual quality of the stained glass works in the Catholic Church of St. Francis, if viewed based on the principles of art, shows some deficiencies in these works can be seen from the number of works that only get points below three (<3), wrong the only thing is that there are still most of the works that have shortcomings in terms of composition and there is no balance in them, this is due to the color selection and placement of objects that are not quite right, plus there are still some deficiencies in the objects that are formed that are not proportional. However, even so, there are still some works that have sufficient to excellent quality, where these works are able to get points above three (> 3).

Optimization and Enhancement of Decorative Glass Organic Coating Properties Containing Ulexite Mineral

Today, glass coatings have a wide range in the industry and have been an important research topic. It is preferred to use glass as a decorative object especially in daily life. In this study, decorative glass coating was tried to be developed with the use of ulexite. The ulexite mineral is a mineral consisting of white round crystalline masses. Test results (visual, hydrophobicity, adhesion tests, etc.) showed that the use of ulexite with additives (potassium dichromate and surfactant) positively affects the coating properties in decorative glass coating production. In the experimental study, Taguchi Method was used as an optimization method and the results were analyzed to improve cost and quality to determine the optimum process parameters. TG-DTA (Thermal Gravimetric Differential Thermal Analysis) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) methods were used to characterize the thermal properties and physical morphological properties of the coatings prepared. It was observed that the additives added in the coatings prepared did not have a negative effect on the structure of the coating. As a result, the additives used improved the properties of glass coatings and the results showed that additive coatings prepared in various industries can be evaluated.

X-ray spectroscopy study of ancient glass beads at Hor-Ek, Thailand

In ancient time, it is well known that glasses have been used in ornament and decorative objects in Thailand for several hundred years as implied by archaeological evidences such as glass beads and decorative glasses. In this work, the blue and red colored glass beads selected from the Hor-Ek archaeological site in Nakhon Pathom province (central Thailand) have been characterized chemical composition using a scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and a particle induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE). Cu-K-edge XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure) of the selected samples is also carried out in fluorescent mode in order to determine the oxidation state. The results showed that the beads are all the LMHK-based glass (low magnesia, high potash). The red and blue tonalities are affected by copper with different oxidation states, and/or the summation of copper and cobalt. The shape and composition of these ancient glass beads are similar to those collected from other four sites in southern Thailand such as Khlong Thom, Phu Khao Thong, Nang Yon, and Thung Thuk and the foreign countries such as India, China, and Vietnam. These detailsindicate the long-distance trade and exchange network in ancient maritime.

Microscopic Studies on Wooden Holder of Decorative Glass Remaining from Middle Elamite Era (1280 B.C)

Wood is made of organic components including cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin with traces of inorganics. Thus, it is possible to investigate a wooden material status using both molecular spectroscopies and elemental analysis. Degradable intrinsic of wood causes having it rarely found through archaeological excavations of ancient sites. Therefore, archeologists will be delighted with finding an intact wooden tool because it enables them to configure virtually the structure of the other ancient stuff found at the same place and conclude meaningfully about their application taking into account the location of excavation. In this article, identification of a piece of wooden rod discovered in Chogha Zanbil (Al-Untash-Napirisha) was performed using an optical microscope and SEM, EDS and, FTIR. Optical microscope helped to find the genus of the wood which was further confirmed by SEM images. Elemental analysis results of the rod using EDS were in accordance with the previous findings in the literature. FTIR worked out all the bonds between building up atoms prooving the wooden structure. These characterizations have revealed that the wood belongs to date palm tree. In fact, this piece of wood was being used to hold the cone-shaped glass on the door surface of the temple in the middle Elamite era (1280 B.C).

Application of innovative standards of “green” construction in Tatarstan on the example of Kazan

The article discusses the prospects for the application of innovative technologies in the theory and practice of urban planning on the example of Kazan. Market relations in recent decades in our country have created a number of acute problems of modern urban planning – the curtailment of long-term planning, the reduction of environmental control in the city and its environs, etc. It is necessary to refer to the Healthy Cities initiative of the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. The first steps in this direction have already been taken in Kazan. This is a project of the new business center of the Republic of Tatarstan «Smart City Kazan» and the first «smart house» built on the territory of the Technopolis Himgrad. In Kazan, there are prerequisites for the introduction of ecourban design methods. These are vast water areas of the Volga and Kazanka rivers, the banks of which have not yet been fully developed. This is a large square in the city center, which was vacated after moving the airport outside the city limits. For Kazan, it will also be useful to replace the decorative glass false facades, often found on brick buildings after reconstruction, with vertical «solar walls» of air thermal technology.

BLOWN GLASS DESIGN: DECORATION METHODS WITH COLOUR POWDERS

The article describes one of the most popular in the world and almost unknown in the domestic glass manufacturingmethod of blown glass decoration with colour powders. The basic properties, conditions of use and storage, interactionprinciples and methods of application are highlited in the article. Several ways of decorating of blown glass pieces, basedon the three glass powder manufacturer products are proposed. Proposed methods are effi cient for industrial productionas far as they are not resourceful and time-consuming. The detailed description of several common techniques with coloredpowders used by the Ukrainian Galician Glass factory is presented as exemplifi ed by several its patterns.

Stained Glass and the Victorian Town: Rochdale Library, Museum, and Art Gallery

Between 1850 and 1920 Britain saw an explosion in the use of decorative glazing in all types of public buildings. The enormous impact and significance of decorative glass produced for the palaces of commerce, civic pride, and recreation in cities and towns throughout Britain, with its connotations of opulence and luxury, has so far been largely overlooked. Rochdale, part of Greater Manchester, was a booming industrial town in the nineteenth century due to its cotton industry and became home to much impressive architecture, such as the Rochdale Library, Museum, and Art Gallery (collectively, now Touchstones), originally opened as a public library in 1884. The library contained a wealth of stained glass, now removed, which comprised imagery of significant local and national figures including a window dedicated to women authors. The art gallery and museum still contains glass by the important Manchester firm run by W. J. Pearce, which can be found on the staircase and by the entrance. The combination of mouth-blown and machine-made glasses used in the schemes reveals new ways of thinking about glass in architecture of the period and the role of stained glass as a relevant contemporary art form.<br>

Preparation of highly dispersible glass frit powders and its application in ink-jet printing ink

The dispersion of low surface polarity ultra-fine powders has been a technical bottle-neck in many industrial applications, including ceramic or glass decoration and solar electrodes. Herein, we report a surface modification method to improve the adsorption strength between the ultra-fine (300 nm) powder and dispersant by coating a layer of mesoporous silica on the surface of a glass frit. The modified ultra-fine glass frit shows a high density of polar surface functional groups which can increase the adsorption amount and strength between the modified powder and the dispersant, as confirmed by the adsorption experiment and IR analysis. The modified powder also was used to prepare ceramic ink which can be completely filtered under a 1 μm sized pores filter, thus satisfying the requirement of industrial ink-jet printing.