Deconstruction Research Articles

Accountability Issues, Online Covert Hate Speech, and the Efficacy of Counter‐Speech

Concerning individual or institutional accountability for online hate speech, research has revealed that most such speech is covert (veiled or camouflaged expressions of hate) and cannot be addressed with existing measures (e.g., deletion of messages, prosecution of the perpetrator). Therefore, in this article, we examine another way to respond to and possibly deflect hate speech: counter-speech. Counter-narratives aim to influence those who write hate speech, to encourage them to rethink their message, and to offer to all who read hate speech a critical deconstruction of it. We created a unique set of parameters to analyze the strategies used in counter-speech and their impact. Upon analysis of our database (manual annotations of 15,000 Twitter and YouTube comments), we identified the rhetoric most used in counter-speech, the general impact of the various counter-narrative strategies, and their specific impact concerning several topics. The impact was defined by noting the number of answers triggered by the comment and the tone of the answers (negative, positive, or neutral). Our data reveal an overwhelming use of argumentative strategies in counter-speech, most involving reasoning, history, statistics, and examples. However, most of these argumentative strategies are written in a hostile tone and most dialogues triggered are negative. We also found that affective strategies (based on displaying positive emotions, for instance) led to a positive outcome, although in most cases these narratives do not receive responses. We recommend that education or training—even machine learning such as empathetic bots—should focus on strategies that are positive in tone, acknowledging grievances especially.

Patient-centricity: Research's new shibboleth?

Patient-centricity: Research's new shibboleth?

IDENTITY REPRESENTATION IN THE SPEECH OF THE LAW

This work proposes a discursive-deconstructivist analysis of the Maria da Penha Law in relation to the representation of indigenous women, in order to trace the effects of discrimination that materialize in the law’s archive. We start from the hypothesis that the law marginalizes indigenous women, through a discursive device that promotes a process of nationalization of the identity/subjectivity of a subject considered peripheral. The work is anchored in the transdisciplinarity between: discursive perspective; Derridean deconstruction (2001, 2007); Foucauldian archegenealogy (2002, 2008, 2015); Anzaldúa’s (2005) and Mignolo’s (2003) theoretical-culturalist point of view. Results show that the text of the law mobilizes the effects of discrimination against indigenous women, as a discursive practice that insists on remaining in the fabric of social formation.

The anthropology of infrastructure

Abstract This article engages with the constitution of the anthropology of infrastructure as an autonomous subdiscipline. Rather than laboring in the service of demarcating a new field of study, anthropologists, I argue, should strive for a critical deconstruction of the contemporary infrastructural moment. In the first part of the article, I engage with the arguments in favor of infrastructure as an analytical lens by focusing on their treatment of relationality and materiality. I pinpoint the limitations of these approaches and argue that their epistemological and theoretical assumptions blunt the critical potential of anthropological studies of infrastructure. The second part of the article looks at theoretical alliances that favor connecting the anthropological study of infrastructure with a critical analysis of the production of nature and the built environment.

The whole truth? Hypothetical questions and the (de)construction of knowledge in expert witness cross-examination

This paper examines the relation between hypotheticals and epistemic stance in jury trials, and it reveals how hypothetically framed questions (HQs) are used in cross- examination to construct “the admissible truth” (Gutheil et al. 2003) which is then turned into evidence. It looks at a selection of interactional exchanges identified in the transcripts and video recordings which document two days of expert witness cross- examination in two high-profile criminal cases. In the study, two approaches to data analysis were combined: a bottom-up approach focusing on markers of HQs offering “points of entry” into discourse through a corpus-assisted analysis and a top-down approach looking at cross-examination as a complex communicative event, providing a more holistic view of the interactional context in which HQs are used. The paper explains the role which such questions play in the positioning of opposing knowledge claims, as well as discusses the effect they create in hostile interaction with expert witnesses. As is revealed, HQs are used to elicit the witness’s assessments of alternative scenarios of past events and causal links involving the facts of the case; to elicit the witness’s assessments of general hypothetical scenarios not involving the facts of the case, or to undermine the validity of the witness’s method of analysis. In sum, the paper explains how the use of HQs aids cross-examining attorneys in deconstructing unfavourable testimony and constructing the “legal truth” which supports their narrative.

Hermeneutic Epistemology (Comparative Study of Deconstruction of Derrida and Manhaj Tafsir Muhammadiyah)

The development of qur'anic interpretation has had its ups and downs, especially during the inclusion of the role of reason in the tradition of classical interpretation. Initially, reason was used as an aid in the process of berijtihad, in order to find common ground between the text and the context so that the resulting meaning would correspond to what was needed. The use of reason will always have to do with the adoption of science. Through this process, approaches that are considered foreign (outside of Islam) are included as a logical consequence that Muslims must face. Such as the inclusion of hermeneutics as an approach in understanding the text of the Qur'an.Based on these conditions, this paper tries to compare the hermeneutics of Derrida's deconstruction with the interpretive manhaj in Muhammadiyah through the frame of productive reading. This paper does not discuss hermeneutics as a concept of interpretation in general, but hermeneutics is seen through Derrida's theory of deconstruction.This paper the author will use a comparative method by trying to compare Derrida's deconstruction theory at the stage of thinking in deconstruction with the manhaj system in Muhammadiyah with the aim of getting a clear picture of the epistemological basis of each approach in interpreting the text. Keywords: Hermeneutics, Deconstruction and Manhaj Tarjih

A Tale of Two Theories

A Tale of Two Theories

Role of Academic Mobility in the (De)Construction of Internationalization

International mobility has played a central role in the views, policies, and actions of internationalization of higher education, despite representing a highly excluding, elitist process with flows that tend to reinforce asymmetrical relationships and colonial domination by the Global North of the Global South. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate how the international mobility is related to the construction of internationalization. To this end, the views of students and professors participating in the academic mobility of one university in Brazil, the Global South, and another in Spain, the Global North, will be analyzed through interviews and later they will be contrasted with the documental analysis of the official texts on internationalization of both institutions. Data will be approached qualitatively, aiming at enabling the understanding of the role that international academic mobility can play in the (de)construction of the perspectives and practices of internationalization of higher education institutions.

Derridean Deconstruction and Modernist Writer-Sons

In Modernism, Self-Creation, and the Maternal, James Martell creatively explores the connections and tensions between the Derridean logics of obsequence (via being born of the mother) and of pregnancy, and moments when the notion of the mother or the maternal appear in seminal modernist works by primarily Baudelaire, Derrida, and Beckett, but also Joyce, Rimbaud, Mallarmé, Rousseau, Rilke, Proust and Poe.

A Framework of Excessive Executive Compensation – An Obscured Breach in Corporate Governance Agency Contract

Excessive executive compensation is tantamount to a breach of agency contract. There are two main problems with excessive executive compensation: excessive compensation is stealing from a shareholder’s standpoint; excessive executive compensation is demoralizing to the other workers in the organization. Purpose. This paper aims to provide a conceptual framework of the antecedent and postcedent of excessive executive compensation. Approach. The paper inclines on agency theory and the attendant principal-agent contract. The paper follows a critical deconstruction approach, culminating in the development of an original conceptual framework. Finding. Through a critical deconstruction of agency theory postulation of optimal agent’s response to corporate compensation structure, it emerges that this postulation may not hold in all instances given that gargantuan compensation structure has a high propensity to nurture irresistible executive financial misdemeanours to inflate profit or share price, which are the performance index of reaping the excessive compensation. This incubates ancillary agency costs to the detriment of the principal and corporate survival. Theoretical and practical value. The paper offers insight into corporate governance strategy for accounting and business law theory and practice in university business schools and for further research. In addition, corporate boards may draw insights from the theory developed in this paper, which portrays the antecedents and postcedents of executive excessive compensation. This theory will catalyse debate and rethinking of corporate compensation policies within the boards of directors. The paper offers an original contribution to the contentious agency cost issues by developing a conceptual framework of the antecedent and postcedent of excessive executive compensation – depicting obscured additional agency costs.

THE UTILITY OF THE POST-MODERN DECONSTRUCTION PROCESS IN THE REALM OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES

This paper seeks to explore and challenge widely held notions surrounding the utility of postmodernist deconstruction within the realm of the social sciences. Beginning with a defence of the inclusion or rather by building a case for the inclusion of postmodernist modes of enquiry in the social sciences (specifically in this case; political science), this paper builds on the historical utility of the deconstruction process as well as mapping out its perceived utility in contemporary political theory as well as charting out its importance in the analysis of international relations and global affairs. Lastly, this paper also seeks to understand how the utilisation of Derridean deconstruction (often widely held to be the most important of all post-modernist modes of enquiry) in the creation of post-colonial and post-structuralist discourse possesses the potential to create bodies of knowledge that are not rooted in or wholly reliant on positivist logic or discourse, a characteristic that is inarguably important in the contemporary era.

주택도시기금 신규재원 확충을 위한 프랑스 주택행동기금의 적용가능성 고찰

There has been a thin literature concerning NHUF (National Housing and Urban Fund), specifically how to extend its cash-inflow sources circulatable on a long-term basis. Two main funding sources of NHUF, Korea Treasury Bond and Housing Subscriptive Savings Account, are so vulnerable to the changes of economic cycles and have a fine limit to upgrade the amount. The purpose of this study is to review the French case of ALS (Action Logement Services) using the employers’ compulsory donation, named as PEEC (Participation des employeurs a l'effort de construction: Participation of Employers in the Construction Effort), and then examine its applicability to NHUF in Korea. In the PEEC, all the business entities which hire more than 50 employees must donate 0.45% of payrolls in the previous year to ALC. Applying the system only to 500 big firms in Korea can increase around 450 billion KRW each year thereby being very beneficial to securing a long-run funding source. Firms may raise complaints against the introduction of a new quasi-tax, thus the government must consider mitigation measures to blunt the firms’ burden, e.g. firms’ lending to NHUF and the immediate securitization of those loan assets in the capital market. An alternative collection idea is to add some more percentage to the registration fees for new buildings, e.g. 0.5% of building value. It is expected to generate more than half a trillion KRW each year.

Binary Opposition in Fast as The Wind Novel by Nat Gould

The purpose of this article is to reveal the binary opposition of Hector Woodridge, one of the characters in Nat Gould's novel Fast as the Wind. This article applies the qualitative method and objective approach. The data in this article were quotations such as words, texts, or sentences that were obtained from Fast as the Wind. This article will also focus on analyzing the character using Derrida's deconstruction theory. This article analyzed the character Hector Woodridge via binary opposition that provides a different view from the story. The findings show three opposite characteristics of Hector Woodridge. The previously fixed thoughts of Hector Woodridge are vengeful, sane, and grateful. After the previous view was deconstructed, the different views are forgiving, mad, and ungrateful. This article tried to signify the different views of Hector Woodridge through binary opposition.

Space, Emotion, and Gender

This article examines Kym Ragusa’s The Skin between Us: A Memoir of Race, Beauty and Belonging as a gendered transcultural narrative from the standpoint of spatial theory. In order to do so, it contextualizes the text within the framework of memoir writing and subsequently analyzes the representation of varied emotional spaces in the process of recovering one’s identity as displayed by the narrative voice. This research contends that the use of memoir, a genre particularly used by ‘marginal’ voices, is an adequate means to critically reflect on the (de)construction of identity as well as convey alternative patterns of gender relations and cultural negotiations. In addition, it stresses the central role of space and emotions in reflecting the transculturality and intersectionality of the diasporic and gendered subject.

MEDIA LITERACY: CONCEPTS, APPROACHES AND COMPETENCIES

Media Literacy (ML) focuses on educating different categories of public (children, young people and adults), in both formal and informal settings, to critically and consciously consume mediated messages. It encompasses various skills, such as critical thinking, problem solvi ng, autonomy, communication and participation. Although ML is far from being a unified field, there are a number of concepts, approaches and competencies that tend to share a common ground. In addition, despite the fact that there is a vigorous development of ML initiatives worldwide, in Romania the critical deconstruction of media messages is only scarcely present, within narrow niches.

Visual Effects: A Fake Indigenous Warrior, A Contested Hill and Urban Imaginaries of Indigeneity in Santiago de Chile

In Latin American cities, indigenous peoples' presence is often overlooked: symbols and iconographies either exclude them as a minority or ‘memorialise’ them as part of a distant past. Through ethnographic observation, walking and visual narrative analysis, and adapting Charles Hale's constructions of indigeneity, this article examines the different representations of indigeneity in urban public space in Santiago de Chile. It interrogates its forms and multiple meanings and the ways in which these are challenged and appropriated by current indigenous artistic production and activism, highlighting the struggle to emphasise contemporary, hybrid lived experiences rather than essentialised, neo‐colonial memorialisation. The article addresses urban imaginaries of indigeneity as an arena for the struggle between different representations, which are highly relevant to the new Chilean Constitution and demands for pluri‐nationalism, and form part of an ongoing (de)construction of entrenched power relations.

Developing indigenous women´legal status in the inter-amerian law

In this study, we begin by analysing the guiding legal principles and international standards that States must consider when developing laws, programs, and policies to protect indigenous women's human rights. Besides, we try to find out what priority issues States are trying to address. Once we establish the theoretical framework, we will review how, in practice, the Inter-American Commission and Court have examined some of the leading cases concerning the protection of the economic, social, and cultural rights of indigenous women. All this will lead us to understand the bases of indigenous women's worldview. Thus, we can propose the (de)construction of their legal status, which should suggest a necessary conquest of public spaces and conceive them as individuals, protecting their honour and recognizing their dignity.

Janie's Spiritual Growth in Their Eyes Were Watching God: A Deconstruction Approach

The woman image in Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God is vivid and forward-looking, which lays the foundation for feminism. Janie, the heroine of the novel, achieved spiritual growth by subverting the traditional female image in the male-dominated society. This essay will use Derrida's deconstructive criticism to subvert the binary opposition in the text-older members of a family deciding the marriage fate of the younger generation, the superiority of husband over wife and woman’s personal freedom depending on her marriage with a man, analyzing how the heroine deconstructs the traditional ideology in the male-dominated society to realize her spiritual growth and revealing the meaning of the advanced thinking represented by Janie and its social meaning.

William of Tyre, Orientalism and the (De)Construction of Latin Identity in Twelfth-century Jerusalem

Abstract This article examines the representation of Jerusalemite identity in William of Tyre’s Historia Ierosolymitana (c.1184). William laments that his contemporaries in Jerusalem did not live up to the standards of their forefathers anymore: they were not wise, virtuous men, but put their own needs before those of the community. In doing so, William makes use of a narrative strategy that is found in the Roman historians Livy and Sallust as well. In the histories of Livy and Sallust, it was contact with the Near East that prompted societal decline. The riches and dolce far niente of the East had, in their eyes, corrupted Roman morals. In William’s work, by contrast, the Eastern Other often functions as a mirror for the Self. This, in combination with William’s emphasis on former generations as reference point for the current generation allows for a much more dynamic interplay of identities than an orientalist binary East-West division.

The Strategic and Paradoxical Usage of Phenomenology in Foucault’s Archaeology

Abstract It is well-known that the mature Foucault, while recognizing the influence of phenomenology on him during his youth, declared his anti-phenomenological position since his archeological breakthrough. This paper tries to argue and show that though phenomenology is an object of criticism of Foucault’s archaeology, it nonetheless plays a paradoxical and strategic role in the construction of the archaeological project. Though Foucault undertakes in The Birth of the Clinic a critical deconstruction of phenomenology as positivism, against the open anti-positivist declaration of phenomenology itself, in the Archeology of Knowledge Foucault acknowledges that the opening of the space of archeology requires the practice of the “épochè of the épochè”, and in this sense archeology is a positivism too. That means also that archeology is possible only by the practice of the phenomenological operation of épochè in order to exit from phenomenology. This paradoxical and strategic usage of phenomenology in Foucault’s archeology is extended to his theory of discourse. For Foucault came to realize the limit of discursive practice: not only words signify but things signify too. If archeology wants to extend its domain of competence, it has to recur to description according to the way things show up themselves. This is nothing other than the basic methodological recommendation of phenomenology. Thus Foucault’s open declaration of his anti-phenomenological position is merely apparent, hiding his discrete paradoxical and strategic usage of the rich methodological resources of phenomenology.