Decolorization Potential Research Articles

Biodecolorization of textile dye effluent by Pseudomonas putida SKG-1 (MTCC 10510) under the conditions optimized for monoazo dye orange II color removal in simulated minimal salt medium

The decolorization studies were performed in orange II dye simulated minimal salt medium and textile effluent by a psychrotrophic Pseudomonas putida SKG-1 isolate. Maximum decolorization of initial 100 mg dye l−1 was achieved at optimum pH 8.0, 30 °C and 4.0% inoculum under static conditions during 96 h incubation. Supplementation with glucose at 0.4% (w/v) and ammonium sulfate (0.1%, w/v)) further enhanced dye decolorization to highest 92.8% within 96 h incubation. The strain was highly tolerant to dye up to 1000 mg l−1. Increasing dye concentration exerted inhibitory effect on bacterial growth and color removal. A direct correlation existed between bacterial growth and dye decolorization. Under above optimized conditions, 35.2% decolorization of unsterilized effluent by native microflora was achieved. The effluent decolorization marginally enhanced (41.3%) upon augmentation with P. putida, and substantially increased (50.2%) when supplemented with glucose and ammonium sulfate without augmentation. Maximum effluent decolorization of 69.5% occurred when supplemented with exogenous carbon and nitrogen source along with P. putida augmentation. Evidently, P. putida has great potential of textile effluent decolorization. GC–MS analysis indicated the formation of sulfanilic acid and 1,2 naphthoquinone as orange II biodegradation metabolites and FTIR analysis revealed the presence of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. This facultative strain can be employed for sequential anaerobic-aerobic treatment strategy leading to effective dye decolorization anaerobically, and ultimate mineralization of textile dye effluent under aerobic conditions.

Chemical modification of a plant origin biomass using cationic surfactant ABDAC and the biosorptive decolorization of RR45 containing solutions

This study focused on the improvement of the decolorization potential of biomass derived from Pyracantha coccinea. Alkyl benyzldimethyl ammonium chloride (ABDAC) was used as modification agent. Batch mode decolorization potential of modified biosorbent was explored at different operating conditions. ABDAC modification significantly increased the biosorption yield to 97.27%, which was 3.88 times higher than that of natural biomass. The prepared biosorbent was effectively used for the decolorization of Reactive Red 45 contaminated solutions after the optimization of biosorption conditions. The non-linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the isotherm and kinetic model parameters. Process followed the Langmuir isotherm model and the highest monolayer capacity of 152.49mgg−1 was obtained with a small amount of modified biosorbent. Kinetic studies indicated fast decolorization rate of the process following the pseudo-first-order model. Biosorption performance of the prepared biosorbent was tested in RR45 containing real wastewater sample. The possible dye biosorbent interactions in the biosorption process were explored by zeta potential, scanning electron microscobe and FTIR analysis.

Decolorization of textile dyes by Bjerkandera sp. BOL 13 using waste biomass as carbon source

AbstractBACKGROUND: Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Trametes versicolor and Bjerkandera sp BOL13 were compared for decolorization of azo dyes supplied individually or as a mixture. The dye decolorization was also evaluated during continuous treatment under non‐sterile conditions using a lignocellulosic growth substrate.RESULTS: Bjerkandera sp BOL13 showed the highest dye decolorization potential. This fungus was also found to support high decolorization of Remazol Red RR at an initial pH of 4‐6 and when using straw as co‐substrate. The fungus was evaluated for Remazol Red RR decolorization in a continuously fed packed‐bed bioreactor operated under non‐sterile conditions with 3 days of hydraulic retention time. When glucose was supplied as growth‐substrate, decolorization efficiencies of 65‐90% were maintained for 12 days in a bioreactor packed with wooden material. The decolorization efficiency was lower when glucose was not fed to the fungus or when a plastic material was used as packing. Higher manganese peroxidase and laccase activities were also recorded when the wood packing was used. Contamination caused a drop in decolorization efficiency after 17‐19 days operation.CONCLUSIONS: The potential of Bjerkandera sp BOL13 for decolorization of azo dyes under non‐sterile conditions using lignocellulosic growth substrates was demonstrated. Research is needed to reduce contamination under non‐sterile conditions. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry

Characterization of Xerophytic Thermophilic Laccase Exhibiting Metal Ion-Dependent Dye Decolorization Potential

Five laccase enzyme isoforms were isolated and purified to homogeneity from the cladodes of xerophytic Cereus pterogonus and Opuntia vulgaris plant species. Catalytic activity of all isoforms was enhanced 40 % by 1 mM Cu(2+) and 1 mM Mn(2+), whereas the activity was inhibited 100 % by 10 mM Fe(2+). Enzyme was found stable in 4 M urea and exhibited inactivity of 50 % in 8 M urea concentration. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and cysteine-HCl were able to completely inhibit the enzyme activity at 1 mM and 100 μM, respectively. Preheated enzyme samples showed enhanced and stable catalytic activity in the presence of divalent cations over a period of 30 min compared with controls. In the presence of metal ions (1 mM Cu(2+) and 1 mM Mn(2+)), the preheated enzyme forms (60-90 °C) achieved 97 % of Malachite green and 98.75 % of Indigo blue (both at 2 %, w/v) dye decolorization in 12 h.

Comparative study on decolorization of reactive dye 222 by white rot fungi Pleurotus ostreatus IBL-02 and Phanerochaete chrysosporium IBL-03

White rot basidiomycetes have unique ability to decolorize synthetic industrial dyes. Initial experiment was performed with five locally isolated indigenous white rot species fungi S.commune IBL-01 (SC), P. ostreatus IBL-02 (PO) P. chrysosporium IBL-03 (PC), T.versicolor IBL-04 (TV) and G. lucidum IBL-05 (GL), for the selection of white rot fungal cultures based on their maximal decolorization potential. Based on the screening experiment, two white rot fungi P. ostreatus IBL-02 and P. chrysosporium IBL-03 (PC) showing maximum decolorization of dye under study were selected. A comparative study was conducted for the selected white rot fungi to get the maximum decolorization of synthetic azo dye. Different fermentation conditions and nutritional factors were optimized to enhance the efficiency of white rot fungal cultures for dye decolorization. Both cultures produced all the three major ligninolytic enzymes including lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganase peroxidase (MnP) and laccase which are responsible for decolorization process. Under optimum conditions fermentation conditions, P. ostreatus IBL-02 (PO)and P. chrysosporium IBL-03 (PC) decolorized the azo dye by 92.7 and 85.9%, respectively. Key words: Dye decolorization, white rot fungi, ligninolytic enzymes, process optimization

Microbial degradation of Textile Dye (Remazol Black B) by Bacillus spp. ETL-2012

In the present study, an attempt was made to examine the potential of isolated bacterium for decolorization of Remazol (azo dye) in batch reactors. Bacteria from soil, & dye waste were subjected to acclimatization with azo dye, in the basal nutrient media. The most promising bacterial isolate was used for further dye degradation studies. Biochemical characteristics revealed the isolated organism as Bacillus spp. The optimum pH and temperature for the decolorization was 6.0 and 37oC, respectively. This decolorization potential increased the applicability of this microorganism for the dye removal. The results suggest that the Bacillus spp. ETL-2012 can be used as a useful tool to treat waste water containing reactive dyes.

Decolorization of methylene blue by new fungus: Trichaptum biforme and decolorization of three synthetic dyes by Trametes hirsuta and Trametes gibbosa

In order to screen dye decolorization by Trametes hirsuta , Trametes gibbosa and new fungus Trichaptum biforme , Methylene Blue (MB), Methyl Green (MG) and Reactive Black 5 (RB5) were studied in Broth culture at concentrations of 25, 50 and 70 ppm. Decolorization of these three kind dyes by T. hirsuta decreased by increasing of concentration. Decolorization of RB5 by T. hirsuta was examined in two different medium contains of Mn 2+ or veratryl alcohol (VA), as activators. At the presence of laccase activator (VA), RB5 was decolorized 91% at concentration of 70 ppm, and in the medium contains of MnP activator (Mn 2+ ), dye was decolorized less than 50% at same concentration. Decolorization of RB5 by T. hirsuta was more than decolorization of dye at the presence of MnP activator (Mn 2+ ). T. gibbosa decolorized MB, MG and RB5 more than 80% in the presence of MnP activator. Decolorization of the three kind dyes by T. gibbosa , was independent of concentration. T. gibbosa decolorized different dyes during 20 days and T. hirsuta did it during 32 days, this is due higher potential of decolorization of synthetic dyes for T. gibbosa than T. hirsuta . Decolorization of MB by new fungus T. biforme was studied in two medium contains of MnP activator and laccase activator. Rate of decolorization in the presence of MnP activator was more than decolorization in the presence of laccase activator. Decolorization of MB by new fungus T. biforme was higher than decolorization of MB by two other fungi.

Efficient biosorption of a reactive dye from contaminated media by Neurospora sitophila cells—Zea mays silk tissue biomass system

AbstractBACKGROUND: A filamentous fungus Neurospora sitophila was immobilized in Zea mays silk tissue and the prepared system was employed as a new biosorbent for the treatment of reactive dye contaminated solutions.RESULTS: Decolorization potential of the biosorbent system was investigated in batch and continuous mode operations. Design parameters such as pH, biomass dosage, contact time, temperature, dye concentration and flow rate were investigated. Batch mode equilibrium data were analyzed kinetically to determine the rate constants. The process followed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The thermodynamics of the biosorption indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the process. Biosorption was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model, with a maximum monolayer biosorption capacity of 105.33 mg g−1. Relatively good dynamic flow decolorization potential was observed for the biosorbent system in synthetic and real wastewater conditions. Flow mode regeneration studies over ten consecutive cycles indicated that the suggested biosorbent maintained consistently high biosorption yield, above 70%. The possible dye‐biosorbent interaction mechanism was also confirmed by zeta potential, FTIR, SEM and EDX analysis.CONCLUSION: High biosorption capacity and regeneration potential suggest that the new biosorbent system can be used as an alternative and low‐cost biomaterial for the treatment of reactive dye contaminated solutions. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry

LAKKAZ ENZİMİ İLE KOT BOYARMADDESİNİN DEKOLORİZASYONU

Tekstil endustrisinde kullanilan cesitli boyarmaddeler uretim surecinde alici ortamlara buyuk miktarlarda desarj edilmektedir. Bu durum, cevre ve insan sagligi ile ilgili telafisi zor olan bir surecin baslangicini olusturmaktadir. Bu nedenle gerek kirlenmis alanlarin temizlenmesinde ve gerekse kirletici potansiyeli olan teknolojilerin biyolojik yaklasimlarla butunlestirilmesi ile tekstil endustrisinin bir atigi olan boyarmaddelerin olusturacagi kirlilik azaltilabilecektir. Bu calisma kapsaminda ticari olarak piyasada satilan bir kot boyasinin Trametes versicolor ATCC 200801’in bugday kepegi iceren potato dekstroz broth besiyerinde gelistirilmesi ile elde edilen lakkaz aktivitesi yuksek kultur sivisi ile renk giderimi calisilmis ve optimum kosullar belirlenmistir. Yapilan deneyler sonucunda pH 4.0, baslangic boya konsantrasyonu 75 mg/l, sicaklik 55 oC, inkubasyon suresi ise 120 dakika olarak secilmistir. Belirlenen optimum kosullarda % 68.02 renk giderimi elde edilmistir. Bununla birlikte, boya cozeltisi icerisine tekstil atik sularinda bulunabilecek cesitli metal iyonlari ve kumas boyama isleminde kullanilan yardimci kimyasal maddeler reaksiyon ortamina ilave edilerek, gelistirilmeye calisilan renk giderim potansiyeli uzerine olasi etkileri arastirilmistir. Elde edilen veriler degerlendirildiginde, belirlenen optimum kosullarda denenen kirleticilerin renk giderimini genel olarak olumsuz yonde etkilemedigi gorulmektedir. En fazla inhibe edici etkinin goruldugu 10 mM Tween 80 varliginda bile % 54.68 duzeyinde bir renk giderimi elde edilmistir

Purification, characterization and mass spectroscopic analysis of thermo-alkalotolerant β-1, 4 endoxylanase from Bacillus sp. and its potential for dye decolorization

A Bacillus sp., isolated from sludge and sediments of pulp and paper mill, was found to produce xylanase in a synthetic culture media containing oat spelt xylan (1% w/v) and 10% black liquor as inducers along with 2.5% (w/v) sucrose as additional carbon source. The purified enzyme was highly thermostable with half-life of 10min at 90°C and pH 8. The enzyme was stable over a broad range of pH (pH 6–10) and showed good thermal stability when incubated at 70°C. Chemicals like EDTA, Hg2+, Cu2+ and solvents like glycerol and acetonitrile completely inhibited enzyme activity at high concentration. The molecular weights of the purified enzyme, determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) analysis was analogous to the results obtained from SDS-PAGE, i.e. 55kDa. Kinetic parameters were determined by using oat spelt xylan as substrate. The KM and Vmax values of the enzyme were 4.4mg/ml and 287U/mg respectively. At high xylan concentrations (>70mg/ml) a substrate inhibition phenomenon of the enzyme was observed. In addition, crude xylanase showed enormous potential for decolorization of various recalcitrant dyes.

Induction, purification, and characterization of a laccase isozyme from Pleurotus sajor-caju and the potential in decolorization of textile dyes

Ferulic acid causes a strain of Pleurotus sajor-caju to excrete large amounts of one laccase isozyme, that was purified to homogeneity. Ferulic acid was the best inductor for laccase in this fungal strain. Laccase molecular weight, copper, and sugar content were characterized. Its catalytic activity was studied using a wide range of phenolics and aromatic amines; the purified laccase was found to be able to oxidize catechols, quinols, methoxyphenols, some aromatic amines and their methyl derivatives, and also resorcinol and phloroglucinol. In addition, its thermostability and activity in the presence of some organic solvents were evaluated. The ability of the enzyme to decolorize some textile dyes was studied, also in the presence of the co-oxidizer hydrogen peroxide, and compared to that of some peroxidases.

Decolorization Potential of Some Reactive Dyes with Crude Laccase and Laccase-Mediated System

In this study, decolorization of dyestuffs, such as Reactive Red 198, Rem Blue RR, Dylon Navy 17, Rem Red RR, and Rem Yellow RR was studied using laccase and laccase-mediated system. The laccases are known to have an important potential for remediation of pollutants. Among these dyestuffs, decolorization of Rem Blue RR and Dylon Navy 17 was performed with crude laccase under optimized conditions. Vanillin was selected as laccase mediator after screening six different compounds with Rem Yellow RR, Reactive Red 198, and Rem Red RR as substrates. However, Rem Yellow RR was not decolorized by either laccase or laccase-mediated system. It is observed that the culture supernatant contained high laccase activity after treatment with catalase that was responsible for the decolorization. Besides, culture supernatant with high laccase activity as enzyme source was treated with catalase; in this way, the hypothesis that laccase was the enzyme responsible for decolorization was supported. The Rem Blue RR was decolorized with 64.84% under the optimum conditions and Dylon Navy 17 with 75.43% with crude laccase. However, using the laccase and vanillin, the decolorization of Reactive Red 198 and Rem Red RR was found to be 62% and 68%, respectively. Our study demonstrated that the decolorization abilities of laccase and/or laccase mediator systems were based on the types of mediator, the dye structure, and the standard experimental conditions. Also, the electrochemical behaviors of some samples were studied. The redox potentials of these samples were determined using cyclic voltammetry on glassy carbon electrode in phosphate buffer (pH6) solution.

Decolorization of Dye‐Containing Textile Industry Effluents Using Ganoderma Lucidum IBL‐05 in Still Cultures

A locally isolated white rot fungus Ganoderma lucidum IBL-05 was used for development of a bioremediation process for original textile industry effluents. Dye-containing effluents of different colors were collected from the Arzoo (maroon), Ayesha (yellow), Ittemad (green), Crescent (navy blue) and Magna (yellowish) textile industries of Faisalabad, Pakistan. G. lucidum IBL-05 was screened for its decolorization potential on all the effluents. Maximum decolorization (49.5 %) was observed in the case of the Arzoo textile industry (ART) effluent (lambda(max) = 515 nm) on the 10th day of incubation. Therefore, the ART effluent was selected for optimization of its decolorization process. Process optimization could improve color removal efficiency of the fungus to 95% within only 2 days, catalyzed by manganese peroxidase (1295 U/mL) as the main enzyme activity at pH 3 and 35 degrees C using 1% starch supplemented Kirk's basal medium. Nitrogen addition inhibited enzyme formation and effluent decolorization. The economics and effectiveness of the process can be improved by further process optimization.

Decolorization of practical textile industry effluents by white rot fungus Coriolus versicolor IBL-04

Textile industry discharges a vast amount of unused synthetic dyes in effluents. The discharge of these effluents into rivers and lakes leads to a reduction in sunlight penetration in natural water bodies, which, in turn, decreases both photosynthetic activity and dissolved oxygen concentration rendering it toxic to living beings. This paper describes the decolorization potential of a local white rot fungus, Coriolus versicolor IBL-04 for practical industrial effluents collected from five different textile industries of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Screening of C. versicolor IBL-04 on five effluents showed best decolorization results (36.3%) for Arzoo Textile Industry (ART) effluent in 6 days followed by Crescent Textile Industry (CRT), Itmad Textile Industry (ITT), Megna Textile Industry (MGT) and Ayesha Textile Industry (AST) effluents. Optimization of different process parameters for ART effluent decolorization by C. versicolor IBL-04 showed that manganese peroxidase (MnP) (486 U/mL) was the lignolytic enzyme present in the culture filtrates with undetectable lignin peroxidase (LiP) and laccase. The MnP synthesis and effluent decolorization could be enhanced to 725 U/mL and 84.4%, respectively, with a significant time reduction to 3 days by optimizing pH and temperature and using 1% starch as a supplementary carbon source.

Decolorization of a textile dye, reactive red 198 (rr198), by Aspergillus parasiticus fungal biosorbent

The decolorization potential of textile dye Reactive Red 198 (RR198) by Aspergillus parasiticus fungal biosorbent has been investigated as a function of initial pH, contact time, biosorbent and initial dye concentration in a batch system. Maximum dye biosorption capacity 1.03x10-4 mol g-1 was observed at pH 2.0 and 2.0 g L-1 of biosorbent concentration. Biosorption equilibrium was attained within 50 min. The equilibrium data followed Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models at 20, 30, 40 and 50ºC. Anincrease in the biosorption capacity of A. parasiticus with temperature showed that the decolorization process is endothermic. Results indicated that Aspergillus parasiticus was an effective candidate for textile dye RR198 removal from aqueous solutions.

Decolorization of textile azo dyes by aerobic bacterial consortium

The decolorization potential of two bacterial consortia developed from a textile wastewater treatment plant showed that among the two mixed bacterial culture SKB-II was the most efficient in decolorizing individual as well as mixture of dyes. At 1.3 g L −1 starch supplementation in the basal medium by the end of 120 h decolorization of 80–96% of four out of the six individual azo dyes Congo red, Bordeaux, Ranocid Fast Blue and Blue BCC (10 mg L −1) was noted. The culture exhibited good potential ability in decolorizing 50–60% of all the dyes (Congo red, Bordeaux, Ranocid Fast Blue and Blue BCC) when present as a mixture at 10 mg L −1. The consortium SKB-II consisted of five different bacterial types identified by 16S rDNA sequence alignment as Bacillus vallismortis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium which were further tested to decolorize dyes. The efficient ability of this developed consortium SKB-II to decolorize individual dyes and textile effluent using packed bed reactors is being carried out.

A novel alkaline laccase produced by Monilia sp. M5-3 and its potential in dye decolorization and pulp bleaching

A novel alkaline laccase produced by Monilia sp. M5-3 and its potential in dye decolorization and pulp bleaching

Laccase mediated decolorization of vat dyes by Coriolus versicolor IBL-04

Five indigenous white rot fungi Pleurotus ostreatus IBL-02, Phanerochaete chrysosporium IBL-03, Coriolus versicolor IBL-04, Ganoderma lucidum IBL-05 and Schizophyllum commune IBL-06 were screened for decolorization of four vat dyes, Cibanon red 2B-MD, Cibanon golden-yellow PK-MD, Cibanon blue GFJ-MD and Indanthrene direct black RBS. The screening experiment was run for 10 days with 0.01% dye solutions prepared in alkaline Kirk's basal nutrient medium in triplicate (250 ml flasks). Every 48 h samples were read on their respective wavelengths ( λ max) to determine the percent decolorization. It was observed that C. versicolor IBL-04 could effectively decolorized all the four vat dyes at varying incubation times but best results were shown on Cibanon blue GFJ-MD (90.7%) after 7 days, followed by golden-yellow (88%), Indanthrene direct black (79.7%) and Cibanon red (74%). P. chrysosporium also showed good decolorization potential on Cibanon blue (87%), followed by Cibanon golden-yellow (74.8%), Red (71%), and Indanthrene direct black (54.6%). However, rest of the strains showed poor decolorization potential on four vat dyes. C. versicolor showing maximum decolorization of Cibanon blue GFJ-MD was, therefore, selected for process optimization. The effect of varying pH, temperature, initial dye concentration and addition of carbon and nitrogen sources was investigated. Maximum decolorization (98.5%) of 0.01% Cibanon blue GFJ-MD could be achieved after 3 days at pH 5 and 30 °C temperature in the nutrient medium supplemented with 1% starch as additional carbon source. All the supplementary nitrogen sources were found inhibitory to laccase activity and dye decolorization. It was also noted that there was negligible adsorption of the dye on fungal mycelia and laccase catalyzed biodegradation was the major decolorization route.

Reactive Blue 4 Decolorization under Mesophilic and Thermophilic Anaerobic Treatments

Anaerobic decolorization of anthraquinone dye represented by Reactive Blue 4 (RB4) was studied to evaluate the factors involved in dye-reducing behaviors such as dye concentration, co-substrate, treatment temperature, salt content, and dye-reducing microbial consortia. The experiment was conducted using digested sludge treated under mesophilic (35 degrees C) and thermophilic (55 degrees C) conditions. The results indicated that the thermophilic treatment gave higher potential for this dye decolorization compared with the mesophilic one. A reduced form of RB4 did not show an auto-oxidizing reaction but treated RB4 dye was shown in light yellow color, the intensity of which was related to the initial concentration of the dye used in the treatments. Starch, which showed similar decolorizing efficiency under thermophilic conditions, could be used as a co-substrate instead of glucose for the purpose of operating cost reduction. Due to the high content of salt contained in dye wastewater, the effect of salt (NaCl) was investigated. Results showed that decolorization could be accelerated with a concentration of NaCl lower than 200 mM, but the decolorization was inhibited by high concentrations of salt. The presence of RB4 inhibited methane productivity, while total organic carbon (TOC) reduction was similar to control, without dye addition. Increasing the temperature accelerated the decolorizing potential and TOC reduction. The evaluation of dye-reducing microbial consortia was done with acidogen and methanogen inhibitors which acidogenesis microorganism was dominant in RB4 decolorization.

Optimization of Culture Conditions for Enhanced Decolorization of Cibacron Red FN-2BL by Schizophyllum commune IBL-6

The objective of this study was to exploit the decolorization potential of a newly isolated white-rot fungus Schizophyllum commune IBL-6 for the biodegradation of reactive textile dye Cibacron Red FN-2BL. In the initial decolorization study of 10 days, it was observed that S. commune IBL-6 was a better decolorizer of Cibacron Red FN-2BL. Various process parameters like composition of basal nutrient medium, pH, temperature, additional carbon and nitrogen sources, and initial dyestuff concentration were optimized to develop an economic decolorization process. The optimum dye decolorization was achieved in basal nutrient medium II containing 0.1% Cibacron Red FN-2BL and supplemented with 1% glucose after 3 days incubation at pH 4.5 and 30 degrees C. All the additional carbon sources were found to enhance decolorization process, whereas most of the nitrogen supplements caused fungal-growth inhibition. The pattern of enzymes involved in the biodegradation of this dye was studied, and manganese peroxidase was found to be the major peroxidase with minor lignin peroxidase and laccase activities.