Declining Water Quality Research Articles

Contribution of runoffs to declining water quality of urban lakes: Status and management approaches

Contribution of runoffs to declining water quality of urban lakes: Status and management approaches

Multivariate analysis of water quality of "omi-omo" stream Ikole Ekiti, Nigeria.

The multivariate Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to assess the variations in the water quality of the "Omi Omo" Stream. This allowed for the identification of temporal and spatial variations in the water quality caused by contamination by analysing the similarities and differences between the sampling points. For three months, four sampling locations along the streamline provided data on the quality of the water. Temperature and other physicochemical parameters were used to analyse the samples. Turbidity, alkalinity, Electrical Conductivity (EC), hardness pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological oxygen demand (BOD), heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe, Mn), sulphate, phosphate, nitrate and chloride were also determined. For the months under study, PCA helped identify and extract the factors causing variations in water quality. The important factors influencing the variation in water quality for the three months of study were turbidity, TDS, alkalinity, electrical conductivity, nitrate, calcium, and chloride. The comparison of the stream’s physicochemical parameters with the W.H.O standards shows an acceptable correlation except for the turbidity and the EC which for some period were higher than the acceptable level of the W.H.O standard. The study's findings will assist pertinent authorities in determining how to improve the declining water quality caused by pollution from various human activities.

A Coherent Approach of Indexing Methods to Assess the Water Quality of River Bodies in Arrah, Bihar, India

Different river bodies are diverse sustaining systems that provide freshwater to rapidly growing needs at the domestic, agricultural and industrial levels of the people of India. The river bodies need periodical examination for conservation and rejuvenation because they are currently under stress due to pollution and climate change. Arrah is a district of Bihar, India and occupies an area of 2395 km2 for agriculture as the predominant activity. It is an attempt to assess the water quality of River Ganga, Sone and Gangi in this area by combining the overall pollution index (OPI), comprehensive pollution index (CPI) and water quality index (WQI) from November 2021 to October 2023 from 648 water samples and nine sampling sites to establish a relationship between any change in water quality and their sources. We assessed eleven water quality parameters following standard methods for winter, summer and monsoon seasons. Observations showed that dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, fluoride and rarely biochemical oxygen demand exceeded Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS 2012) prescribed limits and indicated deterioration in the water quality of these river bodies. Two-way ANOVA suggested that the water quality parameters of these river bodies showed significant differences (p<0.05). We used Numerical equations to transform the concentration values into pollution indices. Values of OPI (1.70 to 2.40) and CPI (0.65 to 0.90) indicate acceptable/ slightly polluted/moderately polluted water in these rivers. Values of WQI of these river bodies ranged from 182.0-192.1, 220.1-242.2 and 190.7-238.9 during winter, summer and monsoon seasons, indicating poor/very-poor water quality. The observation shows that the causes of the declining water quality in these water bodies are anthropogenic activity, agricultural waste runoff and entry of untreated sewage. To reduce the time-consuming and expensive water quality monitoring and assessment programmes for these river bodies, the water quality of these water bodies felt the need to adopt proper management policies and conservation efforts.

Water Quality Analysis in the Batang Ombilin River, Sawahlunto City

The decline in water quality is caused by pollution pressure due to low environmental sanitation efforts. Water quality can be determined by carrying out certain tests on the water. This research was conducted on the Batang Ombilin River, Sawahlunto City. This research was conducted in October 2022. This research used survey methods and laboratory test methods. Activities carried out using the survey method are in the form of interviews related to research. Next, laboratory test methods are used to analyze water quality. Interview activities were carried out with people living around the Batang Ombilin River. Respondents were determined using random sampling. Samples were taken of 2 liters of water and carried using plastic bottles. The parameters used to see water quality are TDS, TSS, pH, DO, BOD and COD. Based on research that has been carried out, the results show that 65.25% of respondents stated that the existing water is suitable for consumption but must be filtered and purified first before cooking. Meanwhile, 30.75% of respondents stated that it was not suitable for consumption because the water was cloudy, dirty and smelly. Furthermore, in the water quality analysis, the average value of the TDS parameter was obtained with an average value of 108. TSS obtained an average value of 29.1. The pH got an average value of 8.1. DO got an average score of 7.3. BOD got an average score of 1.4 and COD got an average score of 15.2. From the results of tests carried out at 3 different points, an average value was obtained below the established class 2 water quality standards

A Comparative Assessment and Decision-Making Approach of Water Quality Evaluation of Mahanadi Basin, Odisha

The Mahanadi River is one of Odisha's biggest rivers and is vital to the region's ecosystem and economy. Rapid water use, however, causes significant water contamination. However, the primary goal of this study is to assess surface water using the Critic Water Quality Index (CWQI), with a goal of collecting 20 samples from 19 monitoring stations over the course of a year (2021-2022). Inverted Distance Weighted (IDW) in ArcGIS 10.5 was used to create the spatial distribution maps. Multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDMs), such as MOORA, were developed to offer a reliable and impartial portrayal of the cumulative pollution levels of each sample location. The physicochemical results were categorized in accordance with WHO drinking water threshold levels. The range of the CWQI value for surface water quality, which represents the excellent to very poor categories, was determined to be 36 to 290.8. It demonstrates that 84.21% of samples fit into the best drinking groups. Using the MOORA-recommended assessment scores, the Paradeep (St. 9) was discovered to be the most polluting site in contrast to other places, followed by 2nd (Cuttack D/s) and 3rd (Choudwar D/s). The factors responsible of the decline in water quality at St. 8, 9 and 19, respectively, were found to be runoff from waste material, unprocessed effluents, and several other anthropogenic factors. The paper's detailed discussion of water quality methods can also give readers a general understanding of indexing for further study.

Determination of Optimal Water Intake Layer Using Deep Learning-Based Water Quality Monitoring and Prediction

The effective management of drinking water sources is essential not only for maintaining their water quality but also for the efficient operation of drinking water treatment plants. A decline in water quality in water reservoirs can result in increased operational costs for water treatment and compromise the reliability and safety of treated water. In this study, a deep learning model, the long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm, was employed to predict water quality and identify an optimal water intake layer across various seasons and years for Juam Lake, Korea. A comprehensive investigation was conducted to prioritize various water quality parameters and determine suitable intake layers. Based on these priorities, effective methods for optimizing an intake layer were developed to enable more reliable water intake operations. Water quality data from January 2013 to June 2023 were analyzed for the study. This dataset was used for rigorous statistical and correlational analyses to better understand the dynamics affecting water quality parameters. The findings aim to enhance the operational efficiency of water intake and treatment facilities.

EFEK BLIND FEEDING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN POST LARVA UDANG VANAME KEPADATAN TINGGI DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR [The Effect of Blind feeding to Increase Post Larva Growth of High-density Vaname Shrimp and Their Effect on Water Quality

Blind feeding is a feed dosage of feeding shrimp cultivation that is carried out without looking at the shrimp biomass conditions for the first 30 days. The goal is to ensure that shrimp get adequate feed intake in the early stages of growth, yet blind feeding often has an impact on the decline in water quality as a result of overfeeding. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the blind feeding method on the growth of vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and water quality. The treatments to be tested were the quantity of feed: (a) 123.5 kg/100,000 shrimp; (b) 148.2 kg/100,000 shrimp; (c) 172.9 kg/100,000 shrimp; (d) 197.6 kg/100,000 shrimp; and (e) 222.3 kg/100,000 shrimp. The dose range of blind feeding referred to the habits applied by the cultivators in the field. The shrimp used was PL 12 with a density of 1,000 individuals/m3, which were maintained for 30 days in an aquarium container of 50 x 40 x 30 cm or a volume of 50 liters. The feed was given four times a day at 8.00, 12.00, 16.00, and 20.00. The results of the study showed that the blind feeding feed dosage had a significant effect on the absolute growth of shrimp and total ammonia nitrogen (P < 0.05). The blind feeding treatment (c), which was 172.9 kg/100,000 shrimps, produced the best growth with a lower total ammonium nitrogen so it is recommended that it be applied in shell cultivation in the first 30 days of maintenance.

Analysis of Water Quality in The Srigangga River Flow, Central Lombok

The Srigangga River is one of the main rivers flowing into the Batujai Reservoir basin in Central Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. Communities around this area still use river water to fulfill their daily needs. The many activities of residents around this river area affect the decline in river water quality. This research aims to determine river water quality based on physical, chemical, and biological parameters and determine the river water pollution index using the pollution index method. This type of research is a descriptive research method with a laboratory-based approach; sampling locations are carried out in the river's upstream, middle, and downstream parts. The parameters analyzed include pH, TSS, DO, COD, BOD, Phosphorus content, total coliform, and Escherichia coli. The research results show that of the 8 (eight) parameters tested in the upstream, middle, and downstream parts of the Srigangga River, 4 (four) parameters are above the quality standards determined based on PP RI No.22 of 2021. The water pollution index value shows that the Srigangga River is already polluted in the light category

Probing Farmers’ Awareness about Climate Change and Adaptation in Karkihalli Village, Koppala District, Karnataka

Study conducted in Karkihalli village, Karnataka, India, aimed to assess the impact of climate change on agriculture and livestock, as well as the adaptation and mitigation strategies employed by farmers. Through interviews with ten farmers, it was found that a majority of farmers were aware of climate change and had observed various climate-related changes over the past two decades. These changes included rising temperatures, decreased rainfall, prolonged droughts and increased occurrences of heat waves, among others. The impact of climate change on agriculture was evident in the form of water scarcity, declining water quality and increased susceptibility of crops and livestock to pest and disease attacks. Farmers noted specific challenges such as new diseases affecting crops, such as fall armyworm and wilt disease, which led to significant crop losses. Erratic monsoon patterns and hailstorms further exacerbated the situation, resulting in reduced agricultural yields and earnings. The deteriorating quality of food due to chemical farming practices was observed to have adverse effects on human health, with changes in food consumption habits contributing to an increase in diseases. Moreover, livestock diseases were more prevalent in recent years, likely linked to climate-related shifts. Farmers identified various drivers for climate change adaptation, including a lack of information and knowledge about climate change, accessibility to credit facilities and the outbreak of new diseases or food scarcity. While many lacked knowledge about climate change mitigation strategies, they had adopted practices like crop rotation, improved seeds and soil conservation technique.

Chemical and microbiological safety of drinking water in distribution networks made of plastic pipes

AbstractIn recent years, metal alloys used for drinking water distribution are gradually being replaced by PVC and HDPE pipes. In areas of distribution networks made of plastic, consumer complaints related to a significant deterioration of organoleptic parameters of water are frequently recorded. The decline in water quality is most likely the result of chemical and biological processes occurring on the inner walls of the transmission pipes coexisting with the disappearance of disinfectant residues. Plastic pipes are also characterized by high failure rates associated with aging of polymeric materials under operating conditions. Published reports indicate disturbing phenomena occurring in plastic pipes: oxidative aging of polymers, degradation of antioxidant coatings, release of organic compounds to water as well as surface damage and scaling, generating microplastic particles. PE and PVC networks are also susceptible to biofilm formation, characterized by a high phylogenetic diversity of microorganisms. Studies presented in the literature, indicating the risks resulting from the exploitation of PE and PVC pipes, are mainly based on model tests. There is a lack of works, which would complementarily explain all the phenomena occurring in working water pipes made of plastics. The aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge regarding the phenomena and processes that can occur in PE and PVC pipes in service and their relevance to the safety and quality of drinking water in distribution networks, as well as to identify areas that require further analysis to enable water producers to deliver an appropriately high‐quality product to consumers.This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Water, Health, and Sanitation Science of Water > Water Quality Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF RIVER WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND SALINITY DEVELOPMENT PROPERLY REALTIME BASED IoT

The decline in raw water quality recorded by PDAM Pontianak on Jalan Imam Bonjol is caused by sea water intrusion across land during the dry season. The research objective is to design an IoT-based system as a data transmission medium for monitoring river water quality, the water pH sensor for reading pH levels of water and the Turbidity sensor for reading the level of turbidity in river water and can designing a river water quality monitoring tool using several parameters, namely salinity, pH levels and turbidity. From the overall test results of the tool it can be concluded that the tool has worked. The tool's measurement results can be seen in the Blynk application sent by the tool at an average interval. The results of measurements at 2 locations for 3 days showed that TDS ranged from 2 ppm to 6.16 ppm with an average of 3.8 ppm, turbidity ranged from 211 NTU to 574 NTU with an average of 424.4 NTU and pH ranged from 6.87 to 8.62 with an average -average of 8.02. The tool designed is capable of sending measurement data via the Blynk application to smartphone users.

Spatio-temporal analysis of river water pollution levels in the Angke-Pesanggrahan watershed

River water is an important part of people’s lives, both in quantity and quality. Various utilizations will influence the decline in water quality, especially from household, industrial, and solid waste or garbage disposal. One of the watersheds affected by this anthropogenic influence is the Angke-Pesanggrahan watershed in Jakarta Province. The study was conducted at 31 observation points of several rivers, such as the Angke, Sekertaris, Sepak, Mookervart, Grogol, Cengkareng, Kamal, and Pesanggrahan Rivers. This study aims to analyze the water pollution level spatio-temporal for eight periods in 2021-2022. The dynamics of the pollution level are analyzed by the Pollution Index (PI) using water physical-chemical-biological parameters. The pollution level in each river was then mapped using ArcGIS software. The pollution level of this watershed was light to heavily polluted (PI value of 4.13-19.34). The status of river water quality in almost all rivers is likely to be worse in 2022 than in 2021. High pollution levels are generally found in almost all rivers, especially the Sekertaris and Sepak Rivers. Pesanggrahan River has a better status, with an average PI of 8.06 (moderately polluted). Parameters often do not meet quality standards: color, TSS, ammonia, free chlorine, H2S, BOD, COD, DO, nitrite, MBAS, fecal coliform, and total coliform. Pollution in the watershed needs to be resolved by involving local stakeholders, implementing communal WWTP, applying for stricter wastewater discharge permits, and continuously educating and empowering the community on sustainable river management.

Long term subsidence rate in Pekalongan city observed by SAR Interferometry

Land subsidence occur in some large cities in Java Island, Indonesia. Among those cities, Pekalongan suffer relatively large and consistent rate of land subsidence compared to other cities. Impact of this long-term land subsidence manifested as worsen of flood, infrastructure damage, and decline of ground water quality. To see the continuation of land subsidence in Pekalongan, we use Sentinel-1 data from 2016 to 2023 from both ascending and descending direction to spatio-temporaly mapped both magnitude and rate of the land subsidence. Persistent Scatterer InSAR (PS-InSAR) method is used to process the SAR data, also use DEMNAS and Generic Atmospheric Correction Online Service (GACOS) to reduce topographic and atmospheric error consecutively. We use CPKL CORS station, which managed by Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG) for control point for the final subsidence rate calculation. Our result show that the area of subsidence does not change significantly for the last 7 years, with the maximum rate reach 16 cm/year of subsidence occur in the western side of Pekalongan City. However, the land subsidence also occurs in the coastal part with lower rate of 5 cm/year. The subsidence rate in most of the places are constant, with exception during 2020-2021 period.

Artificial Spawning Techniques for Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) at the Cultivated Fisheries Production Business Service Center, Karawang, Indonesia

One of the primary challenges in the catfish cultivation industry is the uncertainty (mostly due to weather conditions, natural feed availability, pests and diseases), limited availability, and often poor quality of catfish frys. Fry quality is crucial in aquaculture, yet its reliability is hampered by the natural spawning process, which is influenced by seasonal variations. To address this issue, artificial spawning techniques offer a viable solution. This activity aims to comprehend and effectively execute the precise methods of artificial spawning for catfish, ultimately striving for the production of high-quality fingerlings. Data collection involved the acquirement of both primary and secondary data. The artificial spawning process encompasses container and medium preparation, meticulous broodstock selection and breeding, the artificial spawning procedure, larval rearing, and nursery management. Results from the artificial spawning efforts revealed a fecundity of 75,000 individuals, a remarkable 90% fertilization rate, an 89% hatching success, and an impressive 90% survival rate. Notably, catfish fingerlings were found to harbor parasites such as Gyrodactylus sp., Trichodina sp., and Dactylogyrus sp. This occurrence can be attributed to the high population density of fish, which contributes to a decline in water quality, emphasizing the importance of cautious management practices in aquaculture.

Ecofeminist Perspective: Climate Change and its Impact on Women

Climate change is one of the environmental issues that continues to be a challenge for global life. The occurrence of climate change has a major impact on the lives of every group of people. This ecological problem has increased gender inequality and gender-based sexual violence in society. In this article, we will discuss further the impact of climate change on women. The method used to conduct research and analysis in this study is to use qualitative research methods to explain the phenomenon. The data were carried out using literature studies using theoretical frameworks. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation and relevant literature studies. Through this article, we will learn how climate change impacts women's groups. The results showed that climate change has an impact on women, especially women in developing countries. The impact of climate change on women can be seen from women's limited access to welfare and impact on women's health access. Declining water quality due to climate change has an impact on women who have the responsibility as the main water provider for household needs. The occurrence of climate change also has an impact on women's health due to water scarcity and pollution.

Assessment of Machine Learning Models for Remote Sensing of Water Quality in Lakes Cajititlán and Zapotlán, Jalisco—Mexico

Remote sensing has emerged as a promising tool for monitoring water quality (WQ) in aquatic ecosystems. This study evaluates the effectiveness of remote sensing in assessing WQ parameters in Cajititlán and Zapotlán lakes in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. Over time, these lakes have witnessed a significant decline in WQ, necessitating the adoption of advanced monitoring techniques. In this research, satellite-based remote sensing data were combined with ground-based measurements from the National Water Quality Monitoring Network of Mexico (RNMCA). These data sources were harnessed to train and evaluate the performance of six distinct categories of machine learning (ML) algorithms aimed at estimating WQ parameters with active spectral signals, including chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), turbidity, and total suspended solids (TSS). Various limitations were encountered during the study, primarily due to atmospheric conditions and cloud cover. These challenges affected both the quality and quantity of the data. However, these limitations were overcome through rigorous data preprocessing, the application of ML techniques designed for data-scarce scenarios, and extensive hyperparameter tuning. The superlearner algorithm (SLA), which leverages a combination of individual algorithms, and the multilayer perceptron (MLP), capable of handling complex and non-linear problems, outperformed others in terms of predictive accuracy. Notably, in Lake Cajititlán, these models provided the most accurate predictions for turbidity (r2 = 0.82, RMSE = 9.93 NTU, MAE = 7.69 NTU), Chl-a (r2 = 0.60, RMSE = 48.06 mg/m3, MAE = 37.98 mg/m3), and TSS (r2 = 0.68, RMSE = 13.42 mg/L, MAE = 10.36 mg/L) when using radiometric data from Landsat-8. In Lake Zapotlán, better predictive performance was observed for turbidity (r2 = 0.75, RMSE = 2.05 NTU, MAE = 1.10 NTU) and Chl-a (r2 = 0.71, RMSE = 6.16 mg/m3, MAE = 4.97 mg/m3) with Landsat-8 radiometric data, while TSS (r2 = 0.72, RMSE = 2.71 mg/L, MAE = 2.12 mg/L) improved when Sentinel-2 data were employed. While r2 values indicate that the models do not exhibit a perfect fit, those approaching unity suggest that the predictor variables offer valuable insights into the corresponding responses. Moreover, the model’s robustness could be enhanced by increasing the quantity and quality of input variables. Consequently, remote sensing emerges as a valuable tool to support the objectives of WQ monitoring systems.

Post-Coal Mining Reclamation Land Sustainability Study in Tebo Regency

This research was conducted at one of the coal mines in Tebo Regency, namely PT. Asia Multi Investama. The technique for determining respondents was determined by purposive sampling with a sample size of 54 people. The data analysis techniques used are laboratory analysis (water and land), descriptive analysis (to determine the reclamation model) and sustainability index measurement using multidimensional scaling (MDS) from the three dimensions of sustainability analyzed, namely the social dimension and the economic dimension. and ecological dimensions. The results of soil and water laboratory analysis show a decline in soil and water quality. The results of observations of vegetation in the field also showed a decrease in plant growth. Management of post-mining reclamation land PT. The current Asia Muti Investama is quite sustainable with an Appraisal Post Coal Mining Sustainable (APCMS) score of 55.27 on a scale of 0 -100. The reclamation model that can be applied is the agroforestry reclamation model with the agrosilvofishery system. The leading tree commodities are rubber and palm oil. For fisheries, this is a place for fish breeding in former mining ponds (voids) with types of tilapia, goldfish and catfish. Sensitive factors as levers that influence the sustainability of PT's former coal mining land. Asia Multi Investama.

Evaluation of the surface water quality using global water quality index (WQI) models: perspective of river water pollution

Rapid industrialization, urbanization, global warming, and climate change are compromising surface water quality across the globe. Consequently, water conservation is essential for both environmental sustainability and human survival. This study assesses the water quality of the Jamuna River in Bangladesh at five distinct sites during wet and dry seasons. It employs six global water quality indices (WQIs) and contrasts the results with Bangladesh's Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) and the Department of Environment (DoE) criteria. The WQI models used are the Weighted Arithmetic WQI (WAWQI), British Columbia WQI (BCWQI), Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment WQI (CWQI), Assigned WQI (AWQI), Malaysian WQI (MWQI), and Oregon WQI (OWQI). Fifteen physicochemical parameters were analyzed according to each WQI model's guidelines. The findings reveal that most parameters surpass the standard permissible values. The WQI model results indicate that the average water quality across the five sites falls into the lowest category. A comparison of the WQI models suggests potential correlations between WAWQI and AWQI, as well as between MWQI and OWQI. The straightforward presentation of the WQI models indicates that while the river water requires treatment for household and drinking use, it remains suitable for irrigation. The decline in water quality is likely attributable to human activities, urbanization, municipal waste disposal, and industrial effluents. Authorities must prioritize regular monitoring and assessment of water quality to address the identified challenges. Restoring the water to an acceptable standard will become increasingly difficult without proactive measures.

New model of long-term changes in spatiotemporal patterns of water quality across Shatt-Al-Arab River by applying GIS technique, from 1976 to 2020

PurposeUsing a combination of the geographical information system (GIS) and the Canadian water quality index (WQI), the current study sought to provide a long-term general assessment of the water quality of the Shatt Al-Arab River (SAAR), focusing on its suitability for living organisms. Likewise, SPSS statistics was used to develop a nonlinear WQI regression model for the study area.Design/methodology/approachThe study required four decades of data collection on some environmental characteristics of river water. After that, calculate the WQI and conduct the spatial analysis. Eight variables in total, including water temperature, dissolved oxygen, potential hydrogen ions, electrical conductivity (EC), biological oxygen demand, turbidity, nitrate and phosphate, were chosen to calculate the WQI.FindingsThroughout the study periods, the WQI values varied from 55.2 to 79.83, falling into the categories of four (marginal) and three (fair), with the sixth period (2007–2008) showing the most decline. The present research demonstrated that the high concentration of phosphates, the high EC values, and minor changes in the other environmental factors are the major causes of the decline in water quality. The variations in ecological variables' overlap are a senior contributor to changes in water quality in general. Notably, using GIS in conjunction with the WQI has shown to be very effective in reducing the time and effort spent on investigating water quality while obtaining precise findings and information at the lowest possible expense. Calibration and validation of the developed model showed that this model had a perfect estimate of the WQI value. Due to its flexibility and impartiality, this study recommends using the proposed model to estimate and predict the WQI in the study area.Originality/valueEven though the water quality of the SAAR has been the subject of numerous studies, this is the only long-term investigation that has been done to evaluate and predict its water quality.

Assessment of Long-Term Surface Water Quality in Mekong River Estuaries Using A Comprehensive Water Pollution Index

Surface water quality (SWQ) has been degraded in the Mekong River Basin under increasing pressures of population growth, economic development, and global climate change. This study employed the comprehensive water pollution index (CWPI) to assess the spatio-temporal variation of SWQ in the downstream Mekong River estuaries. Eight water quality parameters were measured between 2005 and 2021 at 21 sampling sites downstream of the Mekong River. These parameters included total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia (N-NH4+), nitrate (N-NO3-), phosphate (P-PO43-), iron (Fe), and total coliform. Most of the monitoring locations in the estuaries of Ham Luong, Cua Dai, Ba Lai, and Co Chien exhibited slightly to moderately polluted conditions, as indicated by the CWPI values ranging from 0.67-2.91, 0.41-2.20, 0.27-3.02, and 0.37-2.95, respectively. TSS and Fe concentrations consistently exceeded the allowable limits, while the majority of values for N-NH4+, N-NO3-, P-PO43-, and coliform remained within acceptable thresholds. Additionally, parameters indicative of organic pollution, namely BOD5 and COD, displayed a noticeable upward trend between 2005 and 2021. SWQ exhibited significant spatial and temporal variations with TSS, organic matter, nutrients, and iron being the main areas of concern. These findings can provide guidance to policymakers involved in the assessment and enhancement of water quality in the presence of pollutant compounds that lead to a decline in water quality.