Decline In Revenues Research Articles

OPTIMALISASI PENERIMAAN PAJAK DAERAH DALAM MASA COVID-19 TERHADAP PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH KOTA PEKANBARU

ABSTRACT
 The decline in local tax revenues, especially hotel and restaurant taxes, experienced the deepest decline. The hotel tax that is usually collected is Rp. 4 billion in a month, now only Rp. 200 million. The decline also occurred in restaurant taxes. Restaurant taxes that normally collect Rp 11 billion per month now only collect Rp 2 billion. The data above shows that there have been some declines in several tax items, but the Pekanbaru City tax target has remained stable in the first two semesters of 2020, local taxes collected in the period January to June 8 amounted to Rp. 198 billion. Meanwhile, tax revenue at Bapenda Pekanbaru in the second quarter of 2020 reached IDR 256 billion. Based on data from the Pekanbaru City Regional Revenue Agency (BAPENDA), the total amount of Pekanbaru City taxes with achievements for 2020 is 537.8 billion. Even though it is still in Covid-19 conditions, Pekanbaru City Tax is still better than 2018. This study aims to determine the optimization of local tax revenue during the Covid-19 period for local revenue in Pekanbaru City. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation using the snowball method as a source of information. The results of this study indicate that from several sources of PAD, the main concern is tax revenue. In this tax revenue, the realized value achieved increased before the pandemic period, and remained stable during the pandemic. From this basis it can be seen that the regional tax sector has quite an influence on Pekanbaru City's PAD even in the Covid-19 situation..

Capital Intensity, Earning Management and Tax Aggressiveness: The Moderation Role of Related Party Transactions

This study aims to determine the effect of capital intensity and earnings management on tax aggressiveness with related party transactions as a moderator. Actions of tax aggressiveness carried out by the existence of company management policies have an impact on the government. The resulting impacts include declining tax revenues in Indonesia due to a reduction in the tax burden that should be paid. The objects in this study are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, namely in the period 2016 – 2020. This research uses a quantitative approach, purposive sampling method, and with secondary data. From the criteria set out in this study, a total of 275 company financial reports were obtained for analysis. The results of the tests in this study indicate that earnings management has a significant positive effect on tax aggressiveness, related party transactions are able to moderate and also have a significant positive effect on earnings management on tax aggressiveness. While capital intensity has no effect on tax aggressiveness as well as related party transactions are not able to moderate capital intensity on tax aggressiveness.

A Global Review of the Impacts of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic on Radiology Practice, Finances, and Operations.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic ushered in rapid changes in healthcare, including radiology, globally. This review discusses the impact of the pandemic on various radiology departments globally. We analyze the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the imaging volumes, finances, and clinical operations of radiology departments in 2020. Studies from health systems and outpatient imaging centers were analyzed, and the activity throughout 2020 was compared to the pre-pandemic activity, including activity during similar timeframes in 2019. Imaging volumes across modalities, including MRI and CT scans, were compared, as were the Relative Value Units (RVUs) for imaging finances. Furthermore, we compared clinical operations, including staffing and sanitation procedures. We found that imaging volumes in private practices and academic centers decreased globally. The decreases in volume could be attributed to delayed patient screenings, as well as the implementation of protocols, such as the deep cleaning of equipment between patients. Revenues from imaging also decreased globally, with many institutions noting a substantial decline in RVUs and revenue compared with pre-COVID-19 levels. Our analysis thus found significant changes in the volumes, finances, and operations of radiology departments due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Macroeconomic effects of the expected future decline in oil revenues for the Russian economy under capital control

Since the beginning of Special Military Operation in Ukraine, the Russian economy has faced a large number of sanctions from unfriendly states. At the beginning of 2023, Russia’s export revenues remain high. However, there are high risks of revenues decline over the horizon of several years due to restrictions on the part of unfriendly countries. Based on a general equilibrium model for the Russian economy, we analyze the impact of an anticipated shock from a reduction in future energy export revenues. First, the paper shows that the anticipated shock of a fall in export revenues leads to a short-term and medium-term increase in domestic investment. Under a closed financial account, the effect of growth in investment remains even if other export doesn’t react to currency appreciation, while under an open financial account, investment decreases. This indicates the important role of the rainy day savings factor for investment dynamics, when the possibility of savings in external financial markets is limited. Second, in the short and medium term, the impact of revenues decline is highly dependent on whether the financial account is open or closed. Under a closed financial account, the drop in macroeconomic indicators turns out to be sharp and localized in the vicinity of the period of export revenues fall. Third, the central bank’s interest rate moves in exactly opposite directions under inflation targeting regime in response to the unanticipated and anticipated export revenues shock.

Pokdakan Mino Ngremboko's Business Recovery Strategy: Resilience Analysis and Supply Chain Integration

Mino Ngremboko Fish Cultivator Group (or Pokdakan Mino Ngremboko) is the pioneer of fish cultivation, which has been developing rapidly since its establishment in April 1987 until now (the beginning of 2021). Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) pandemic has been attacking Indonesia violently (since March 2, 2020), disrupting the supply chain of the fish cultivation business. The negative impact is a decline in revenue significantly. Mino Ngremboko Cultivator, for instance, has been affected by the pandemic with an average revenue (demand) loss of 50-70 percent. In addition, business resilience becomes very crucial which comprises business continuity that represents the ability of businesses to rapidly adapt and respond to the pandemic crisis (EIB, IBRD, 2022). The objective of the study is to assess the resilience and supply chain integration of the Mino Ngremboko Cultivator in facing the Covid-19 pandemic and beyond. Method this study uses the inductive-qualitative approach through a case study of Mino Ngremboko Cultivator. Data was collected through unstructured interviews and observation from November 2020 to March 2021. The study results provide three constructive insights, especially for managing Mino Ngremboko Cultivator and Fish Cultivator Group in general for sustaining their businesses. (1) Supply chain resilience is relatively good, which was shown by the average of productivity 1,10 from March 2019 to March 2021; (2) supply chain integration of fish cultivation business was not optimally implemented yet, and (3) Pokdakan Mino Ngremboko's business recovery strategy to optimise the practices of supply chain integration based on the digital marketing as well as downstream and commercialisation the output of fish cultivation. These recovery strategies require the support of improving organisation capability and stakeholder alignment to contribute to sustainable development (benefits for the social and ecological environment) in 2022 and beyond.

Government programmes for support of local governments 2018–2022

In the period of 2018–2022 Polish government implemented the record number of programs for financial support of local governments. Their aim was to improve local services, maintain the high level of investments, aid in the fight against COVID-19 pandemics and rebuilding the economy, as well as equalising the potential decline of incomes related to the taxation reforms implemented since 2019. Programs on the record amount of 135,58 billion PLN helped to remain the investments on the earlier level, as the COVID-19 pandemics caused only temporary decline in own revenues.

Analysis of the MTA Revenue in Manhattan in Recent Years

This essay examines the pattern of the MTA's recent dramatic decline in revenue because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 outbreak has had a significant impact on MTA's annual revenue, hence this article does a thorough economic analysis. The following are the primary conclusions: People in Manhattan started to relocate to and settle in other locations like the suburbs after the COVID-19 breakout in late 2019, 2020, and 2021 when their jobs became online. As a result, the MTA in Manhattan has seen a dramatic decline in revenue. Second, citizens are staying inside during the coronavirus lockdown to prevent contracting the illness, thus the MTA's different modes of transit are being used sparingly. These factors have caused the MTA's annual revenue to drastically decrease throughout the pandemic. In addition, the MTA's revenues have been steadily decreasing in recent years due to the restrictions imposed by social distance and the agency's reliance on government subsidies. This latter piece forecasts MTA's trajectory into the future and offers tactical advice.

Non-traditional Tools for the Central Bank of Iraq as a Model

This research deals with the study of the case of the Iraqi economy and the crises that occurred in it due to the country's dependence on non-traditional monetary policy tools. The accumulation of deficit in the general budget in Iraq is a result of the decline in public revenues and the increase in public expenditures due to the economic blockade and its negative repercussions, as well as the results of wars that cost the country money. This is why we find the divergence of monetary and fiscal policy measures according to what the monetary policy is that finances the deficit in the public budget and through its traditional and non-traditional levels, especially after the emergence of the remnants of the economic blockade, and thus the debts rose, which represent the total deficits of the general budget. We also note that the monetary policy proceeds according to the financial policy. The Central Bank is responsible for financing the deficit in the general budget through (the new monetary issue and quantitative easing) and these financing mechanisms structural imbalances in some monetary variables that prevent the central bank from financing the government, whether directly or indirectly.

The Contribution of E-Commerce to Economic Growth in The Covid-19 Era

The e-commerce business sector is a sector that has undergone considerable changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to examine the impact of the decline in e-commerce revenue due to the COVID-19 pandemic on Indonesia's economic growth. The decline in e-commerce revenue was influenced by the number of e-commerce itself and the information technology training received by e-commerce business actors as well as the number of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia. The analytical method used in this research is Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). This study found that the number of SMEs, information technology and e-commerce training had a negative effect on the decline in e-commerce revenues in the era of the covid-19 pandemic. This study also found that the decline in e-commerce revenue in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia had an impact on Indonesia's economic growth. This study also shows the results that a significant decrease in e-commerce income partially mediates the variables of the e-commerce and SME sector on economic growth. However, information technology training can be fully mediated on economic growth

Strategic Architecture Formulation At Hotel ABC

The impact of this pandemic is most felt by the hotel and tourism indus-try. Almost all hotels in Indonesia have experienced a decline in revenue due to this pandemic. Hotel is a type of necessity for everyone who travels or travels. Hotel is a company managed by hotel management by providing services such as rooms, food, drinks for people who travel and are able to pay a reasonable amount according to the services provided without any special agreement in advance. The purpose of this study is to develop alternative strategies and priority strategies for ABC hotels, this study uses a mix method approach with quantitative and qualitative approaches. The result obtained is that there are 10 strategies formulated to be implemented in the next 5 years. This strategy is divided into 3 stages, namely the competency strengthening stage, the growth stage, and the performance improvement stage which is compiled in a strategic architecture. The conclusion is that the current external conditions are less favorable for ABC Hotels due to the COVID-19 pandemic. So it is necessary to design another strategy to face conditions like now

PT Garuda Indonesia (PERSERO) Tbk Stock (GIAA) Fair Value Valuation Post Restructuring and Relisting on IDX

The financial difficulties experienced by PT. Garuda Indonesia, characterized by its inability to meet its obligations to several creditors, resulted in the temporary delisting of its shares from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) on June 18, 2021. This situation was further exacerbated by the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, which led to a decline in revenue due to a decrease in passenger numbers and air traffic. Garuda Indonesia initiated a restructuring effort through the Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) route with a number of creditors. This resulted in an extension of the payment terms, a conversion of debt to equity, and a modification of the debt structure. The company also implemented improvements to its operational practices aimed at reducing costs. These efforts have produced positive outcomes, including an increase in equity and a decrease in the company’s liabilities.Top of FormBottom of Form Garuda Indonesia also increased the company’s capital through Additional Capital with Pre-emptive Rights (PMHMETD), Additional Capital without Pre-emptive Rights (PMTHMETD) and investment from the government of the Republic of Indonesia through State Investment (PNM). After completing the restructuring process, Garuda Indonesia (GIAA) shares were free from suspension and were able to return to the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with an initial price of Rp.204. This study was conducted to determine the fair value of GIAA shares upon their return to IDX in early January 2023. The study utilized two methods: the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method and the Relative Valuation method. The DCF method resulted in a fair value of Rp. 165.3 for the shares, implying that the initial issuance value was overvalued by 18.97%. The Relative Valuation method EV/sales ratio, yielded a fair value of Rp. 929 for the shares, suggesting that the current issuance value was undervalued by 355%.

Examining the spatial spillover of gambling regulation in the Czech Republic

ABSTRACT The responsibility of spatial regulation of gambling in the Czech Republic is placed on municipalities, the smallest self-governing units in the country. This creates a possibility that the effectiveness of regulation may be reduced by spatial spillover to the neighboring municipality. The aim of this paper is to evaluate to what extent the local reduction of gambling is effective in the overall reduction of gambling in the area under the conditions of fragmented regulation and mobility of gamblers. OLS regression was used to identify the spatial spillover effect. The decline in tax revenue on gambling machines in a district capital by one percentage point is associated with the rise of the same revenue in surrounding municipalities that are reachable in 10 min by 0.45 of a percentage point. Spatial spillover in more distant municipalities is close to zero. The results remain stable when control variables are employed. The results suggest that fragmented regulation is easy to overcome and better cooperation among municipalities or regulation on higher administrative level may be more effective.

STRATEGY FORMULATION ANALYSIS WITH COMPANY IMPLEMENTATION IN DEALING WITH THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC SITUATION

The Covid-19 virus which has swept the world and become a global pademic has changed the world order. The reduced social economic activities of the community to reduce social interaction that can accelerate the spread of the virus, resulting in a decline in the performance of economic sectors. Many industries experience a decline in revenue and can result in further cessation of company operations. The Covid-19 pandemic to date has not been able to predict how long it will end which causes uncertainty about the future. In order for a company to continue to exist and grow sustainably, it is very important to formulate a future strategy that is full of uncertainty. Pizza Hut is one of the American restaurants and international franchises founded in 1958 in Wichita, Kansas by Dan and Frank Carney. The company is known for its Italian-American food, including pizza and pasta as well as side dishes and desserts. This research aims to implement marketing strategies to achieve excellence in the midst of this pandemic. The results showed that the marketing strategy used by Pizza Hut can increase sales volume by staying, even if selling on the side of the road. As well as the presence of information technology provides many benefits for Pizza HUT, such as being able to alleviate complex business activities as well as produce information that is trustworthy, relevant on time, complete, understandable and tested in the framework of planning, controlling and making management decisions. The results showed that the marketing strategy used by Pizza Hut can increase sales volume by staying, even if selling on the side of the road. As well as the presence of information technology provides many benefits for Pizza HUT, such as being able to alleviate complex business activities as well as produce information that is trustworthy, relevant on time, complete, understandable and tested in the framework of planning, controlling and making management decisions. The results showed that the marketing strategy used by Pizza Hut can increase sales volume by staying, even if selling on the side of the road. As well as the presence of information technology provides many benefits for Pizza HUT, such as being able to alleviate complex business activities as well as produce information that is trustworthy, relevant on time, complete, understandable and tested in the framework of planning, controlling and making management decisions.
 Keywords: Covid-19, Management Strategy, and Strategy Formulation

Reconstruction of the national economy post-covid-19 pandemic: Critical study of tax reforms in Indonesia

Health, education, tourism, industry, public services, and the economy were all negatively impacted by COVID-19-related government actions. Consequently, they affected the economy. The state’s existence is required to alleviate the adverse consequences of COVID-19. Government activities in the tax sector are crucial to the nation’s economic development. The government accomplishes this in taxation by providing tax incentives and relief, as specified in tax regulations. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, this report assesses the Indonesian government’s economic recovery taxing strategies. The research employs the paradigm of Critical Legal Theory and the Socio-Legal research technique. The study results indicate that COVID-19 has affected virtually every industry in Indonesia, not simply the health sector. The coronavirus pandemic severely hit the economic sector with only 2.97% growth. The government’s tax policy for economic recovery due partly to the COVID-19 Pandemic is executed using tax instruments that provide incentives and various tax payment reductions to encourage the economy. Generally speaking, tax incentives have a favorable impact on the success of this method for giving tax relief and tax incentives as part of the National Economic Recovery programme. Taxpayers have a favourable opinion of incentive programmes. Taxpayers that take advantage of tax benefits have, on average, more extraordinary local sales performance, exports, turnover, local purchases, and imports. However, this tax incentive programme has led to a decline in state tax revenue. The government must accept this risk to fulfil its objective of stimulating the economy.

Assessing the impact of sand and dust storm on agriculture: Empirical evidence from Mongolia.

Assessing the economic impact of sand and dust storms provides critical insights to policy development and reforms; a subject that is gaining more attention as risk management becomes the dominant approach for hazard mitigation policies. To assess the causal impact of sand and dust storms on agriculture, specifically on crop and livestock revenue and physical production, random year-to-year variations in dust exposure were analyzed using a fixed effect regression. To complete this analysis, weather and climate data from the on-ground meteorological stations was combined with the household level socioeconomic surveys conducted by Mongolia's National Statistics Office (NSO) over a decade. The descriptive statistics of the meteorological data collected over the eight years period show that, on average, 29 dust events have occurred every year across the country, with greater variation among provinces (Aimags) and regions, reaching up to 108 events in a year in some provinces. The overall trend reveals a slight decrease in the dust events from 2009 to 2019. The econometric results show that value of crop and livestock production (gross income) and physical yields significantly decline in response to higher frequencies of sand and dust storms events. During this period, Mongolia experienced a 2.7% decline in crop revenue as a result of additional sand and dust storms. Assuming 2.7% constant decline in revenues across all agricultural sub-sectors and regions or Aimags, this could lead to about $37.8 million in losses to the economy, which is equivalent to about 0.27% of the national GDP of Mongolia. Increases in the frequency of sand and dust storms could reduce agricultural productivity by between 1.5% to 24%, depending on the crop. Estimates from the modelling exercise are robust to potential endogeneity bias in the measure of sand and dust storms; different specification and identification approaches accounting for the endogeneity bias consistently reveal negative and qualitatively similar impacts of sand and dust storms on crop and livestock productivity.

Analisis Pendapatan dan Biaya Operasional Sebelum dan Dimasa pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Kasus Pada STIE Mahaputra Riau)

The emergence of the Covid-19 virus in the city of Wuhan in the state of China, since March 2020 has almost covered the entire care business sector, from MSMEs, service companies and industry to even universities. Universities in Indonesia have also experienced a decline in revenue and operational costs. One of the higher education institutions in Indonesia is the Mahaputra Riau College of Economics (STIE Mahaputra Riau). The aim of the study was to see the difference in income and operational costs of STIE Mahaputra Riau both before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method uses a comparative method with a quantitative description approach. The data used is in the form of secondary data from financial reports at STIE Mahaputra Riau during the 2018–2021 period. The results showed that the income experienced by the STIE Mahaputra Riau campus both before and during the Covid-19 pandemic fluctuated every month, but in total income during the Covid-19 pandemic was higher than income before the Covid-19 pandemic with an increase of 0.30%. While the operational costs experienced by the STIE Mahaputra Riau campus both before and during the Covid-19 pandemic fluctuated every month, the total operational costs during the Covid-19 pandemic were lower compared to operational costs before the Covid-19 pandemic with a total reduction in operational costs of -6.36%. The findings from this study are that income increased during the Covid-19 pandemic due to an increase in the number of registrations in 2020 so that it affected STIE Mahaputra Riau's income, while operational costs decreased due to the implementation of online lectures.

Valuing Coca-Cola Using Discounted Cash Flow Analysis

Coca-Cola experienced a constant revenue decline from 2013 to 2018 due to the structural change of the company, and then COVID-19 impacted the world economy. However, in such an era filled with uncertainties, the market cap of Coca-Cola has barely fallen yet had a constant increase yearly. Thus, this paper uses DCF analysis to investigate the ‘intrinsic’ value of Coca-Cola and hence evaluate the rationality of the current market value of Coca-Cola. The future free cash flow is forecasted based on the historical free cash flows of Coca-Cola, and reasonable assumptions are made to discount the sum of the future free cash flow and give an answer of valuation. By conducting the analysis, the rationality of the current market value of Coca-Cola is justified, and it is realized that there is further potential for Coca-Cola to grow in the future by considering a wider range of financial metrics. It is suggested that Coca-Cola’s stock is a good choice for long-term investment.

Site Wise Strategy in Indosat Ooredoo to Win Competition in Bali

The rapid development of technology and communication in recent years with the emergence of 4G technologies followed by the latest technology, 5G, has spoiled internet users in Bali. The addition of Bali internet users continues to increase. However, there has been a decline in Indosat Ooredoo's revenue in Bali, despite the addition of new sites. The decline not only occurred in revenue but also in terms of market share, Indosat Ooredoo's market share in Bali had reached 16.12%, but the market share continued to decline, pressed by Telkomsel and XL. It is necessary to know STP on the existing site, to facilitate the selection of the site with effective and efficient marketing strategy. This research is using mixed methods analysis, which is a combination of qualitative and qualitative methods. Qualitative methods are used to determine the EFE, and IFE variables, indicators and weights obtained from experts through FGDs, deep interviews and surveys. The research resulted in IFE having 2 variables with 8 indicators and EFE having 3 variables with 12 indicators. Determination of segmentation using K-Means Clustering based on existing variables resulted in 7 segments. The coordinates of each segment were calculated and mapped into the Hooley strategy matrix. The results revealed that segment 4 is focus segment which contain 131 sites.

Financial Performance Analysis and Financial Distress Prediction of Indonesia State-Owned Enterprises in The Construction Industry Listed on IDX Before and During Economic Crisis in the Covid-19 Pandemic Era (Period 2019 - 2021)

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought an immense impact on Indonesia’s economy. Indonesia officially went into recession after the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) announced negative GDP growth for two consecutive quarters, namely in the second quarter (-5.32%) and the third quarter (-3.49%) of 2020. Indonesia’s contracted economy has caused depression in many Indonesian sectors. The results of a survey by BPS in 2020 noted that the construction sector was recorded as one of the sectors that experienced the most decline in revenue, which was 87.94%. This study aims to measure the financial performance and health condition of Indonesian construction SOEs listed on IDX namely ADHI, PTPP, WSKT, and WIKA based on the decree of the Ministry of SOEs no. KEP-100/MBU/2002 as well as the financial distress prediction (bankruptcy potential) by using the Altman Z-Score method for the period 2019 to 2021. The result of the financial health rank level of each company from 2019 to 2021: ADHI (BBB, CCC, and B), PTPP (BBB, B, and BB), WSKT (BB, CC, and B), and WIKA (A, B, and B) respectively. According to the Altman Z-score result, all companies experienced declining in the total Altman Z-score results from 2019 to 2021 and were interpreted as being in a state of financial distress, except for WSKT. This study will complete previous research with a different approach and focus that can give a more equipped view regarding the impact of Covid-19 on the construction industry in Indonesia.

Maa Hotels: Rebranding and Digital Transformation

The Sahu family has been running the hotel business for 20 years in Odisha, India. The Indian hotel and tourism industry has drastically changed in the last few years with the introduction of the internet, online aggregators and digitally savvy young consumers. Technology has changed consumer behaviour regarding how they search for information before making a purchase decision. Sahu brothers were facing a decline in revenues and rising competition. Mr Satish, a recent MBA graduate from a premier business school, was fully aware of the changing marketing dynamics and the importance of online presence. He shared his learnings about digital marketing with the family and convinced the family to start the digital transformation of their business. The Sahu family first decided to reunite all the different hotels under one umbrella brand of Maa Hotels (the word Maa in Hindi means mother, and the family decided to use the name in reference to the famous Goddess Maa Tarini in Odisha). The family used many components of the digital marketing strategy, including search engine marketing, website creation, social media marketing and content strategy. Satish had to analyse and evaluate the first phase of digital marketing and decide on the next course of action to continue with the transformation journey. Moreover, he had to convince the family to continue investing in digital marketing, and for that, he had to prove that his continuous efforts were needed to increase revenues in the short and long term.