Decline In Aspects Research Articles

Upaya Promotif Aktivitas Fisik Pada Komunitas Lansia Di Wilayah Puskesmas Banyuanyar Kota Surakarta

Physical activity is body movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure to carry out physical activities. When you are elderly, a degenerative process occurs which can put you at risk of disease and injury resulting in a decline in aspects of your health status. The thing that needs to be considered in this condition is the importance of the quality of life of the elderly in an active and effective manner, one of which is physical activity which is related to physical well-being. Based on the results of a survey in the elderly community, namely Pos Lansia Seruni RW 08, Sumber sub-district, it was found that most of the elderly population has low daily activity. The aim of this community service is to promote physical activity in the elderly so that they can improve their functional abilities independently and efficiently and effectively in everyday life. The method used for counseling is promotional and provides media that can be read and taken home in the form of leaflets containing efforts to promote physical activity in the elderly community in the Banyuanyar community health center area, precisely at the Seruni Elderly Post RW 08, Sumber Village, Surakarta City. The results obtained are that the elderly understand and can apply promotional efforts regarding the importance of physical activity.

Source recognition discriminability impairment in Huntington’s versus Alzheimer’s disease: Evidence from the CVLT-3

Research suggests that individuals with Huntington’s disease (HD) perform better than individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) on the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) Yes/No Recognition trial. However, those with HD have been shown to have deficits comparable to those with AD on the Source Recognition Discriminability (RD) index (which assesses the ability to distinguish between List A targets and List B distractors), suggesting that HD may involve selective impairment in aspects of yes/no recognition that rely on source memory. However, whether individuals with HD and AD show comparable deficits on Source RD across stages of dementia severity has not been adequately investigated. We examined performance on the CVLT-3 List A vs. List B RD index in individuals with HD or AD and mild or moderate dementia. Among individuals with mild dementia, scores were higher in the HD versus AD group, whereas among individuals with moderate dementia, scores were comparable between the HD and AD groups; this corresponded to differential performance across dementia stages among individuals with HD, but not AD. The present findings suggest that, relative to AD, HD may be associated with disproportionate decline in aspects of yes/no recognition that rely on source memory.

Abstract WMP21: Underestimation of Ischemic Core on Perfusion CT in Patients With Acute Large Vessel Occlusion: Results From the BEST Prospective Cohort Study

Background: The 2018 AHA guidelines recommend patients with acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) be considered for thrombectomy in the 6 to 24-hour window based on perfusion imaging. Within 6 hours, CT perfusion (CTP) core estimates may underestimate volume of irreversible infarction visualized on the unenhanced CT; however this has not been well characterized in later time windows. Methods: Using a multi-center prospective cohort of consecutive patients who underwent thrombectomy for LVO 0-24 hours after last known normal, we correlated baseline CTP core infarct volume (rCBF<30%) and unenhanced CT ASPECTS score, as recorded by local investigators. We compared CTP findings between patients with an unfavorable ASPECTS (<6) against those with a favorable ASPECTS (≥6), and assessed findings over time. Results: Of 443 enrolled patients, 165 who underwent CTP were included (median age 69y [IQR 57-80], 83 [50%] female, with a median ASPECTS of 8 [IQR 6-9] and core of 9cc [IQR 0-28]). ASPECTS and core volume moderately correlated (r=-0.35, p<0.01). An absent core (0cc) was observed in 52/165 (32%) patients, among whom the median ASPECTS score was 8 (IQR 8-10). Of the 28 patients with unfavorable ASPECTS, 3 had a normal core volume (11%, 95%CI 2 - 28%). As time to recanalization progressed, the ASPECTS score worsened (common OR 1.05, 95%CI 1.01-1.09, p=0.02) whereas the core (p=0.66) and penumbra volumes (p=0.70) remained unchanged. After adjustment for age and baseline NIHSS, the decline in ASPECTS remained significant (cOR 1.05, 95%CI 1.01-1.10, p=0.01), while the core (p=0.69) and penumbra volumes (p=0.74) remained unchanged. Conclusion: In this multi-center prospective cohort of patients who underwent thrombectomy, one-third of patients had normal core infarct volumes despite half of these patients showing irreversible infarction on the unenhanced CT (ASPECTS ≤8). As time progresses, the unenhanced CT demonstrates evolution of irreversible infarction, whereas the perfusion core appears static. This finding emphasizes the need to carefully assess both unenhanced CT and CTP when considering thrombectomy eligibility in the late time window, as was required by both DAWN and DEFUSE 3 selection criteria.

Physiological and Immune Responses of Free-Living Temperate Birds Provided a Gradient of Food Supplementation.

Food availability might sometimes be unpredictable for wild birds. To alleviate this possible food limitation, millions of households in North America provide food supplementation to bird populations. However, the ecoimmunological impacts of this supplementation on free-living birds are largely unclear. Therefore, we compared immune function and body composition of three groups of free-living black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) that were provided either constant food supplementation ("supplemented"), interrupted food supplementation ("interrupted"), or no food supplementation ("unsupplemented"). At capture, all three groups had similar body mass and fat scores. All three groups also had similar levels of circulating immunoglobulin Y antibodies and complement lysis ability, two measures of constitutive immune function. Supplemented and interrupted groups mounted a somewhat similar body mass and temperature response to injection with lipopolysaccharide; however, the supplemented group had a higher haptoglobin (acute-phase protein) response to lipopolysaccharide injection compared to the interrupted group. This study demonstrates that birds maintained similar levels of fat despite their level of food supplementation; however, sudden removal of supplemental food might elicit a short-term decline in aspects of immunity. Future studies should investigate how food supplementation might impact induced or adaptive aspects of immune function to add to our understanding of immunology in free-living animals.

The effect of resistance training on cognitive function in the older adults: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

Aging is often accompanied by decline in aspects of cognitive function. Cognitive decline has harmful effects on living independence and general health. Resistance training is seen as a promising intervention to prevent or delay cognitive deterioration, yet the evidence from reviews is less consistent. To assess the effect of resistance training on cognition in the elderly with and without mild cognitive impairment and to provide an up-to-date overview. A search was conducted using PUBMED, Web of science, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Wan Fang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The searches were limited to articles published in English or Chinese from January 2010 to September 2017. The search returned 2634 records, of which 12 articles were included in the systematic review. Main results showed that resistance training had positive effects on the executive function and global cognitive function of the elderly, and short-term interventions had little positive effect on memory and attention. Secondary results demonstrated that there was a significant benefit of triweekly resistance training in global cognitive function and biweekly in executive function of the elderly. Resistance training had positive effects on the executive cognitive ability and global cognitive function among the elderly; however, it had a weak-positive impact on memory. No significant improvement was found in attention. Triweekly resistance training has a better effect on general cognitive ability than biweekly. Further studies are needed focusing on the development and application of resistance training among the elderly.

Stability and change in the mental health of New Zealand secondary school students 2007–2012: Results from the national adolescent health surveys

To describe the self-reported mental health of New Zealand secondary school students in 2012 and to investigate changes between 2007 and 2012. Nationally representative health and wellbeing surveys of students were completed in 2007 (n=9107) and 2012 (n=8500). Logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between mental health and changes over time. Prevalence data and adjusted odds ratios are presented. In 2012, approximately three-quarters (76.2%, 95% CI 74.8-77.5) of students reported good overall wellbeing. By contrast (also in 2012), some students reported self-harming (24.0%, 95% CI 22.7-25.4), depressive symptoms (12.8%, 95% CI 11.6-13.9), 2 weeks of low mood (31%, 95% CI 29.7-32.5), suicidal ideation (15.7%, 95% 14.5-17.0), and suicide attempts (4.5%, 95% CI 3.8-5.2). Between 2007 and 2012, there appeared to be slight increases in the proportions of students reporting an episode of low mood (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.06-1.23, p=0.0009), depressive symptoms (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.03-1.30, p=0.011), and using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire - emotional symptoms (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.23-1.54, p<0.0001), hyperactivity (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05-1.29, p=0.0051), and peer problems (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.09-1.49, p=0.0022). The proportion of students aged 16 years or older reporting self-harm increased slightly between surveys, but there was little change for students aged 15 years or less (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.15-1.44 and OR 1.10, 95% 0.98-1.23, respectively, p=0.0078). There were no changes in reported suicidal ideation and suicide attempts between 2007 and 2012. However, there has been an improvement in self-reported conduct problems since 2007 (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.70-0.87, p<0.0001). The findings suggest a slight decline in aspects of self-reported mental health amongst New Zealand secondary school students between 2007 and 2012. There is a need for ongoing monitoring and for evidence-based, accessible interventions that prevent mental ill health and promote psychological wellbeing.

Wisconsin Comorbidity Assessment Scale (WCAS): A novel, comprehensive, performance-based assessment scale of geriatric syndromes and medical comorbidities in older cancer patients

19619 Background: Elderly patients with cancer have potential for multiple geriatric syndromes that influence treatment and outcomes. No single clinical assessment tool has targeted all the major geriatric syndromes and their interaction on cancer management and outcomes. We developed WCAS to evaluate cognitive and physical function, risk of falls and gait disorders, polypharmacy, and medical comorbidities. Methods: Eighteen newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer (age 55–82), were enrolled prior to cancer treatment. Cognitive function was evaluated with a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests targeting the domains of memory, executive function, attention, language, and praxis. Physical function skills were assessed with novel performance-based tasks (e.g., bed-making) and computerized assessments of balance, gait and risk of falls. Cancer treatment included surgery in all patients with variable use of adjuvant radiation and medical therapy. WCAS was administered at baseline and at month 6. Results: Ten subjects have completed both baseline and month 6 visits. Surgical treatment occurred at a mean of ten days after baseline assessment (SD 6.7). The mean (SD) of the age, years of education and baseline Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE) was 66 years (7.3), 15.2 years (3.7) and 29.3 (1.1). From baseline to month six assessment performance on the WAIS Digit Symbol test, a measure of working memory and processing speed, declined (mean change −11.7, p&lt;0.01). Likewise, the performance on the WAIS letter number sequence test (mean change −1.3, p=0.09) and the MMSE (mean change −1.1, p=0.12) declined. Interestingly, four subjects with pre-existing hypothyroidism on replacement treatment showed a greater decline (p&lt;0.01) in memory than those without this common condition. Conclusions: Findings indicate that breast cancer diagnosis and therapy can be associated with significant decline in aspects of cognition in older adults with cancer. These changes can last at least 6 months and are more pronounced in those with hypothyroidism. Larger, longer term prospective studies utilizing WCAS are necessary to confirm our preliminary findings. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

The clinical relevance of the relationship between estrogen and cognition in women

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational and longitudinal studies provide positive, albeit, inconsistent evidence that estrogen might protect against cognitive decline in postmenopausal women. The fact that the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS), the largest RCT to date, failed to find that estrogen therapy (ET) had a protective effect against cognitive aging led to the formulation of the critical period hypothesis which holds that ET will effectively protect against memory decline when it is initiated around the time of menopause but not when considerable time has elapsed since the menopause. Evidence from basic neuroscience, and from rodent, nonhuman primate, and human studies that supports this theory is presented. Although much work remains to be done on the timing of initiation of treatment, on the most effective hormonal compounds and on their routes of administration, the hope is that, eventually, hormonal treatments may be able to attenuate or prevent the decline in aspects of cognition that occur with normal aging.

Child Welfare and Social Policy: An Essential Reader

by Harry Hendrick ( ed .) Bristol : Policy Press , 2005 ISBN 1861345666 , 558 pp , £25.00 (pb) This reader seeks to provide a broad framework within which to observe some of the complexities and ambiguities regarding children's well-being and to think about and analyse policy and practice. Aimed at students, it is intended to make them aware of different concepts and approaches used by researchers and policy makers and to stimulate their critical reflection on social policy for children. The 26 chapters were selected to provide a state-of-the-art picture of child welfare and social policy, so that together they show the variety of ways of thinking about children's well-being. Most were originally published in the period 1997–2003 and are drawn from a mixture of monographs, edited collections and journals. The book is in four parts. Part One highlights the historical antecedents of current debates, drawing out themes such as the perennial tension between family and state and the contrasting images of children as victims or threats. Part Two discusses concepts such as rights and social capital, describing the different ways in which children have been perceived and categorised in relation to welfare and how these play out in New Labour policy. Part Three sharpens the focus on policy and practice in 21st-Century Britain, with chapters on anti-social behaviour, health, disability, housing, education, young carers and day care. Part Four turns to the future and what it perceives as the growth of the ‘social investment state’ in which children are viewed as human capital. It would be easy to get lost amidst such disparate contributions, so Hendrick's overview chapters provide a useful map and give the book coherence. There are at least two recurring themes – one relating to research, the other to policy. First is the need for a more child-centred approach to social policy analysis, much work to date having considered policy and practice from the perspective of families, households, professional outputs or economics. Ridge (2005; Chapter 5) illustrates the value of this approach in her elaboration of children's real-life experience of poverty and social exclusion and elsewhere has done the same in relation to child support policy, with interesting results. The authors are particularly concerned to stress the importance of considering children's experience in the present, criticising the recurring portrayal in policy of children as ‘becomings’ not ‘beings’. This is exemplified in Nigel Thomas's discussion of the Children Act 1989 (Chapter 9) and Ruth Lister's powerful argument that policy in liberal welfare states such as the UK conceives of children as ‘citizen-workers of the future’ (Chapter 25). There has been a marked shift in recent years in this direction, informed by the body of work known collectively as childhood sociology or ‘the new social studies of childhood’. Second, the book neatly crystallises the underlying tension in much social policy for children between a needs-led or ‘welfare’ approach and a more rights-driven agenda. Jeremy Roche's analysis of recent legislation captures well the growing influence of rights but also the sense that its impact has been somewhat less than many advocates would wish (Chapter 12). Lansdown, meanwhile, defends the rights perspective from its critics, pointing to the way that adults abuse their power over children (Chapter 6), although one might of course ask if the decline in aspects of children's well-being in a supposed golden age for children's rights does not call the agenda into question. Significantly, John Davis and his colleagues (Chapter 18) contend that the shift from a medical or needs-led model of disability towards a more social or rights-based approach has been detrimental because the latter tends to view disabled children as an homogenous group and ignores differences and complexities. Most of the chapters acknowledge benefits that have accrued to children since Labour took office in 1997 while also expressing unease about the direction of some policies and calling for more progress. In the latter case, most of the authors are less forthcoming, which lends weight to Michael King's argument (Chapter 3) that there is a need to move beyond moral indignation to formulate practical measures aimed at changing behaviour towards children (p. 66). If it is short on solutions, however, this reader is rich in fascinating and thought-provoking accounts and cannot fail in its aim to encourage thinking theoretically and politically about child welfare – which Hendrick rightly identifies as being ‘in a rather elementary stage of development’ (p. 478).

Sexuality

This article reviews changes in sexual function in middle-aged women and discusses how these changes relate to aging, hormone alterations, and psychosocial and physical factors. A Medline search of population-based studies that measured sexual function, menopausal status and/or hormone levels was conducted. Longitudinal findings are from the Melbourne Women's Midlife Health Project, a population-based sample of 438 Australian-born white women, aged 45 to 55 years, who were menstruating at baseline. Annual assessments included hormone levels and the Short Personal Experiences Questionnaire. Few of the population-based studies of the menopausal transition measured sexual function or hormones. Aging and the length of the woman's relationship with her partner are associated with decline in sexual function. An additional decrement in sexual function occurs in midlife associated with menopause. Findings from the Melbourne Women's Midlife Health Project using structural equation modeling, found the most important factors influencing a woman's sexual function are prior level of sexual function; losing or gaining a sexual partner; feelings toward a partner; and estradiol level. When psychosocial and lifestyle status were added to the model, mood was the only additional variable affecting sexual function. There is a decline in all aspects of female sexual function with age. A further incremental decline in most aspects of sexual function occurs as women pass through the menopausal transition and is related to decreasing estradiol levels. Other factors such as prior sexual function and partner issues have larger effects on women's sexual function than do hormonal factors.

Ora, direis ouvir estrelas: historiografia e história do teatro brasileiro

This study emphasizes that Brazilian theatre history has been written following a pattern inherited from the 19th century. This statement implies that the most important works in this area were conceived according to historical concepts that are inadequate for analyzing modern theatre or even for working with contemporary theatre, because the 20th century represents a decline in aspects of mise-en-scene, performance and mimesis. One might ask if the authors considered are not dealing with a conception of history absolutely foreign to this cultural field. I propose that history has to be rethought in order to achieve another kind of theatre history, different from the old model seen in traditional books. (TB, in Portuguese)

Oestrogen and cognitive function throughout the female lifespan.

Evidence that oestrogen helps to maintain verbal memory in women comes from several sources. Studies that have tested cognitive functioning at different phases of the menstrual cycle have found few differences, perhaps because oestrogen levels are sufficiently high, albeit variable, during all cycle phases. Experimental studies in postmenopausal women have generally found a protective effect of oestrogen, specifically on verbal memory. Results of several large, longitudinal studies that have become available recently have also demonstrated that women who were oestrogen users performed better on certain tests of cognitive function than non-users of similar age. On the basis of this body of evidence, it is possible to conclude that oestrogen may attenuate or prevent the decline in aspects of memory that occur with normal ageing in women.

Medical dominance and the development of professional autonomy in physiotherapy.

Has medical dominance declined as a result of the increasing autonomy of developing health professions? The paper argues that to answer this question it is first necessary to define medical dominance and professional autonomy. The paper outlines a categorisation of different types of professional autonomy, which correspond to different types of medical dominance. This categorisation is used to identify the particular aspects of professional autonomy in physiotherapy which have developed over recent years. It is concluded that whilst these changes correspond to a decline in aspects of medical dominance, there is no evidence of a significant decline in medical dominance in health services or that the changes which have taken place are solely a result of developing health professions' struggle for autonomy.