Declarative Mood Research Articles

Development of the Indicative Mood in Albanian Linguistic (Diachronic View)

In this paper we attempt to address the indicative mood. During the historical evolution of the verbal system, significant changes have been established not only in the various grammatical categories but also in the construction of grammatical themes and tools. The purpose of this paper is to illuminate the path of development of the indicative mood to the stage of today's documented Albanian language, the changes that the grammatical structure of the Albanian language has undergone during its historical development, to analyze the changes that the indicative mood had undergone, in order to make this structure clearer even in the current state of the Albanian language. Concerning the preservation of certain forms inherited from an early Indo-European stage, the present-day synthetic forms of the present, the imperfect and the perfect form, which with their respective evolutions continue to be used in different Indo-European languages. The declarative mood is inherited from proto-Indo-European with the primary function of showing an action by the subject. The tools and formants that create the verbal forms of the evidence will be explored through the descriptive, analytical, and historical comparative method.

Donald Trump’s grammar of persuasion in his speech

This article presents an analysis of the nature of propositions made in President Trump's persuasive, yet controversial speech on Jerusalem from the perspective of mood analysis. The interpersonal relationships between the speaker and the audience concerning the building of ethos, pathos, and logos are revealed. It applies a discourse analysis with a qualitative approach to see how the President grammatically composed his ethos, pathos, and logos clauses. The results show that in the speech: 1) the ethos clause was built by employing the declarative mood functioning as a statement to show his credibility; 2) the pathos clauses were composed by implementing two moods: mostly declaratives which mainly functioned as statements, and few imperative moods to arouse both positive and negative feelings of the audience; 3) and the logos clauses were composed by using the declarative moods functioning as statements to give bases for his argumentation. The high use of declarative moods indicated that he positioned himself as an information bearer, to shorten the gap between him and his audience. Grammatically, the controversial side of the speech was mostly featured by several clauses containing negative elements such as blaming and negative polarity, especially when talking about previous US presidents and governments.

A comprehensive corpus-based analysis of “X Auxiliary Subject” constructions in written and spoken English

AbstractThis paper describes a corpus-based analysis of subject-auxiliary inversion in both spoken and written English. The focus of the analysis is Chen’s (2013)X Auxiliary Subjectconstruction (XASC), where X codes the fronting of a constituent which triggers the inversion of the auxiliary and the subject, as in “Never has trade union loyalty faced a more baffling test” or “What did he do?” On the basis of a statistical analysis using corpora of written and spoken English, it is argued that the distribution of XAS inversion, in the interrogative mood, is related to the degree of an addressor’s involvement in a text. It will be shown that, in the interrogative mood, the more involvement in a text, the more XAS inversions are to be expected. It is also argued that XAS inversions in interrogative clauses can be seen to serve as discourse markers through which an addressor’s involvement is coded in written and spoken English discourse. The analysis will also show that XAS inversions in the declarative mood also serve an interpersonal function, this, however, being inherently tied to the clause-linking function performed by the construction. Furthermore, the data will show that the distribution of XAS inversions in declarative clauses is related to the degree of informational content of the texts in which these inversions occur.

An Analysis of Interpersonal Meanings in Students' Instagram Caption

Sometimes the writer's intent (speech function) do not match with mood, it can be happen because they exchange their message through indirect illocutionary act. This exchange meaning phenomenon could be seen in Social Media, such as Instagram. In Instargram, the user write their message or feeling through Caption. This research want to know how the interpersonal meanings are realized when the writer exchange their message through indirect illocutionary act in students' instagram caption. The writer analyzes 17 captions Instagram caption from students in the same University. In this research, the analyzes are based on the theory of Functional Grammar and Speech Function proposed by Halliday (1994) and supported with Illocutionary Acts theory proposed by Searle (1979) and Yule (1996). The method that used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. This reseach show that based on the roles of Illocutionary acts, giving directive like command, recommand, and request and also giving expressive like lament and congratulate can be identified as Indirect Illocutionary Acts in Declarative Mood.

DECLARATIVE MOOD OF IDEATIONAL THEME IN “EXUPERY’S THE LITTLE PRINCE: A FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR ANALYSIS

This research entitled “Declarative mood of Ideational Theme in “Exupery’s The Little Prince” (A Functional Grammar Analysis) discusses declarative mood in ideational theme in the position of clause used in novel. The purpose of this research is to analyze declarative mood and to analyze the constituents used in the novel The Little Prince. To analyze the issues, this research uses the theory of mood types: declarative mood by M.A.K Halliday and Christian Matthiessen (2004) as the grand theory while Linda Gerot dan Peter Wignell (1994) as supporting theory. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis. Data are taken from the novel The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint Exupery. After analyzing the data, it can be concluded that the all data are included into the declarative mood in this research, two data are included into constituent the nominal group as theme, and one data is included include into constituent prepositional phrase as theme in this research.

The Realization of Interpersonal Meaning in the Report Text of the Undergraduate Students of Universitas Batanghari Jambi

In interpersonal meaning, language is used to see the relationship between the speaker/writer with the listener/reader. Using interpersonal meaning to analyze written text is useful to see how the writer gives information and suggestion to the reader. This study investigated the interpersonal meaning realizing in the report text that is 354 clauses from 20 texts written by the undergraduate students. It used the framework from the Systemic Functional Linguistics by Eggins (2004) and Halliday and Matthiessen (2014). This research is qualitative case study research because it focuses on the analysis or interpretation of the written material. It analyzes mood system, modality system, speech function and students’ mastery in writing report text. From the analysis, it found that mostly declarative mood realized in the report text, it is 334 clauses and it is categorized as statement in the speech function. In the modality system, the most type realized in the text is modalization type, it is 38 clauses. By analyzing report text using interpersonal meaning, it was found the students’ mastery in the writing skill. The are only some students did mistakes in writing some clauses. Therefore using interpersonal meaning to analyze text help to know the mastery of the students in writing and also can improve their skill. It can be said that interpersonal meaning also realize in the report text. The realization can be seen from the types of mood, modality and speech function that were found in the report text.

Interpersonal meaning in students' explanation texts

This study is aimed to investigate the interpersonal meaning in students’ explanation texts. Six texts taken from students’ writings were used as the instruments of text analysis. The theories of Systemic Functional Linguistics and explanation text were used as the framework of the text analysis. The findings show that students have employed mood types which are formed by the Subject and Finite as Mood element and predicator and complement as Residue. The arrangement of Subject and Finite in the clauses demonstrates that declarative mood is used dominantly in the texts to realize the speech function of a statement. It suggests that the students have attempted to provide the information to the readers which are relevant to the social function of the explanation text. Moreover, the little use of modality in students’ texts indicates that the students present factual information. This evidence has shown the students’ efforts to position themselves in the texts and to build relationships with the readers. In conclusion, students have been able to create an effective explanation text which is intended to inform how something is done.

Interpersonal Meaning in Media texts Written by Native & Non-native Writers of English

This study presents an exploration of how interpersonal meaning is created and recognized in media texts written by native and non-native writers of English. The objectives of this study are: to compare and describe the types of interpersonal meaning, and the various structures and speech functions realized in media texts from native and non-native online newspapers that reveal the authors' intention to influence the readers. Eight articles from Washington Post (WP) & Arab News (AN) online newspapers were collected for the analysis. The texts' clauses were identified and analyzed for mood and modality based on Halliday's framework of Systemic Functional Grammar. The analysis reveals that the most dominant mood type is declarative, and modality of medium value pervades all the texts with higher frequency in WP newspaper which makes the authors appear to be more personal and certain about their claims than the AN authors. Yet, declarative moods have varying structures and varying degrees of ‘functions’. The conclusion shows that this variation in the clause structures and functions is done with the authors' intention to get the readers persuaded.

MOOD STRUCTURE TYPE OF THE CLAUSE ANALYSIS IN ENGLISH TEXT BOOKS OF SMA: A DISCOURSE STUDY BASED ON SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTIC THEORY

This study aims at analyzing mood structure type of the clause on recount and procedure text in English textbooks of SMA where it was analyzed based on the mood structure types of the clause. It was designed as a descriptive qualitative study and discourse analysis. Data were collected through documentation method. The technique in collecting the data is by determining the source to be investigated, determining the supporting resources, and seeking the recount and procedure text on the English textbook. The Data were analyzed using Mood structure analysis suggested by M.A.K Haliday. In analyzing the data, the activities did by deep reading, identifying, classifying, analyzing, and calculating the percentages. Based on the results of the data analysis, the findings of this research can be stated as follows: (1) There are some types of mood structure in the English textbooks of SMA at the tenth grade students which published by Pusat Perbukuan Departemen Pendidikan Nasional especially on recount text, they are indicative: declarative mood (99,41%), indicative: interrogative mood (0,59%), and imperative mood (0%). (2) The results of mood structure type on procedure text are indicative: declarative mood (25,62%), indicative: interrogative mood (0%), and imperative mood (74,38%). (3) The results in the textbook which published by Yudhistira especially on recount text are indicative: declarative mood (98,94%), indicative: interrogative mood (1,06%), and imperative mood (0%), and also on procedure text are indicative: declarative mood (25%), indicative: interrogative mood (0%), and imperative mood (75%).

AN ANALYSIS OF DONAL J.TRUMPS REMARKS ”MY FELLOW AMERICANS” USING INTERPERSONAL METAFUNCTION

The aims of this reasearch is analyzing President Donal J.Trump statement in weekly address on www.whitehouse.gov entitle “My fellow american” based on systemic functional grammar. The writers focused on interpersonal metafunction which consist of mood and speech functions. The method in this research used qualitative analysis method. The data were analyzed using mood structure analysis by M.A.K Haliday. The text entitled My Fellow American the statement by President Donal J.Trump Remarks is categorized into the text which uses declarative mood type the most (69,2%) which indicates the position o the speaker provider of information and the listeners as the recepeint of information. The clauses in the text are said by temporal deicticity or finite tense the most (89%), while the modality deicticity only appears a little (5%) which indicates that the speaker has no right to persuade the listeners because the genre of the text is narrative which functions only to telling the listeners.There are only two speech functions found in the transcipt of President Donal J.Trump are statment and question. Statement as mostly appeared in the text which reaches precentage 75% whereas question only reaches percentage 25%. So it can be concluded that speech function used in the transcipt is statement with function to give information.

Students’ Writing Competence of the Fourth Semester Students of English Department of Tidar University in Academic Year 2014/2015

Meaning plays an important role for communication. This research is aimed at describing interpersonal, ideational and textual meanings found in the students’ hortatory exposition texts. The method of this research is a discourse analysis which analyzed meanings. The interpersonal meaning is to analyze the Mood and Modality; the ideational meaning is Transitivity; and the Textual meaning is Thematic Structure. The result of the research showed three points of conclusion. First, in terms of interpersonal meaning, it shows that the students used Declarative Mood types in their texts to give information. Most of the students used simple present tense to give related information based on the topic. Most of the students used high nominalization as the subjects of their clauses. This implies that the texts are in the form of written texts. Second, transitivity system is about people activities in particular place and time. It can be seen from the occurrence of the dominant use of of material process, relational process, and circumstance of location. Third, thematic structure showed that the clauses mostly used ideational theme. The reseacher found that the most dominant theme was the unmarked theme. It implies that the students used high nominalization because they frequently used subjects and circumstances as the nominalization in the beginning of the clauses. Thus, it is expected that metafunctions can improve students’ writing competence in the form of meaningful texts.

Multimodal in Audiovisual Advertisement

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THE INTERPERSONAL MEANING USED IN THE ELECTRONICS AND MOBILE PHONES IN ADVERTISEMENTS AS THE CONTRIBUTION IN TEACHING SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR

This study aims at describing the interpersonal meaning used in the advertisements in the electronics and mobile phones. The objectives of this research are To investigate how clauses and their constituents are structured in the English sentences used in the electronics and mobile phones advertisements, To map out how the interpersonal meanings are realized in the electronics, To map out what are the most dominant and less dominant mood are realized in the electronics and mobile phones advertisements.The writer used a qualitative descriptive analysis to find out the interpersonal meanings used in the electronics and mobile phones advertisements. The object of the study was the sentences used. The unit analysis was a clause used in that products. The data were collected by the use of document. To analyze the data, Method of data analysis, the writer took some steps; there were identification of 5 products of the electronics and mobile phones advertisements, identification of the products, identification of the sentences used in the products, identification of the interpersonal meanings.The result shows that, the 5 products have 35 clauses and each clause has different constituents there are two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, and eleven constituents. The dominant constituent is three constituents. Based on the results analysis of the interpersonal meaning in the Electronics and Mobile Phones Advertisements, we know that those five electronics and mobile phone advertisements have mood and residue. It is realized in the wordings of those clauses if we analyze it based on the interpersonal meaning elements; Mood consists of Subject and Finite, Residue consists of Predicator, Complement, and Adjunct. From the analysis of the Mood Types above, we can see that the most dominant mood in the electronics and mobile phones advertisements is Declarative Mood and the less dominant in the electronics and mobile phones advertisements are Interrogative and Imperative Mood. It indicates that the writer of those advertisements wants to declare something or give information to the readers.It is suggested that In teaching Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG), the lectures should choose an interesting media, such as electronics and mobile phones advertisements to make the students more interesting to study and easier to understand the materials.

The Analysis of Interpersonal Meaning (MOOD), Ideational Meaning (TRANSITIVITY) and Textual Meaning (THEME) of News Item Text Entitled “Nikita Mirzani: I`m Not a Prostitute”

Today, media has become primary needs as food and clothing. It has played significant role in strengthening the society that is as a "mirror" of the modern society. It’s used not only to inform people about current, new affairs and what is happening around them and the world but also to form opinions and make judgments regarding various issues. Cohen, (1963); McCombs & Shaw, (1972) stated that when mass media emphasize a topic, the audience/public receiving the message will consider this topic to be important. However, systemic functional grammar is concerned primarily with the grammar choices makes available to speakers and writers. These choices relate speakers' and writers' intentions to the concrete forms of a language. This study is attempt to investigate the interpersonal meaning (mood), ideational meaning (transitivity) and textual meaning (theme) of news item text entitled “Nikita Mirzani: I`m Not a Prostitute”.The news becomes very interesting for some people, because this news is indicated as distractor issue for Freeport cases.After analyzing the mood system in this text, so the writer can conclude that all of the information in this news is declarative mood. For example when the Nikita stated you can confront me with O and F (pimp suspects). I do not know them. This proof gives us justification that the speakers indeed intentionally give fruitful and clear information to each other. The use of full declaratives here also indicates that the text shares a common focus on the giving of information. There is only full declarative in this text, there is no full polar interrogative, full WH-interrogative, imperative and so on. After we discuss the mood types, and then move on the next table, about Modality and Polarity. There are four modality used in this text. Those are the use of can (two times), could and might. So, it assumes that some information given is in the form of “advice”.Based on the table above, it also can be concluded that there are five transitivity process used in this text. The major process used in this text is attributive process. In the second place is material, mental and verbal process with 17,7 %. Then, the last is 5,8% process of this text used behavioral process. In this text, there are also three major circumstance used those are location, extent and manner with frequency 25%. Then it’s continued by role and cause circumstance with 12,5%. In this text the system of Theme and Rheme provides important ways in which textual meanings at the clause level may be established. Theme-Rheme structure allows information to flow from one clause to another. The logical flow helps create cohesiveness of the text in the news. Theme is realized by position (initial). In the SFL an analysis of language, pattern of thematic choice are seen as realizing textual meanings, which in turn are the realization of mode dimensions of the context of situation, thus thematic choice realize meanings about the organization of the communicative event and the experiential and interpersonal distance.

The generic structures and lexico-grammaticality in English academic research papers

The present study aimed to discover how selected English language authors employ specific rhetorical, grammatical, and stylistic elements in presenting new knowledge to the target audience and how they communicate science to the community of academicians in order to convey scientific information to various audiences. To this end, the generic structures, as well as lexico-grammaticality systems inbuilt in introduction sections of English academic research papers of three different disciplines, linguistics, chemistry and software engineering, were explored. To collect the data, a corpus consisting of 90 papers, 30 for each discipline, published between 2014 and 2016 in Elsevier journals was selected randomly. For genre analysis, Hasan’s model of generic structure potential was used, while Halliday’s model was used for the analysis of lexico-grammaticality systems. The results showed that ‘Previous study’ and ‘Purpose of study’ were the obligatory elements among the 11 types of generic structures. Furthermore, material process, declarative mood, the use of conjunctions in textual theme and circumstantial adjunct were mostly used, while no interpersonal theme was found in the obligatory elements. The findings promise pedagogical implications for novice writers and university students of English language generally, and second language or foreign language writers from different cultures in different fields of study, in particular.

The Grammar of Interpersonal Meaning in Wole Soyinka’s A Play of Giants

The aim of this article is to use the analytic and linguistic tools drawn from Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to inquire into the language of Wole Soyinka’s play entitled: A Play of Giants. In order to stress how the protagonists interact with one another, the paper focuses on the study of interpersonal meaning. The method of analysis is that of sampling. The data, thus, includes two excerpts selected and analyzed through the linguistic features of mood, modality and adjuncts. The findings reveal that the two texts display various mood-types, mainly declarative, interrogative and imperative mood, as well as features of modality, including modulation and modalisation, which are combined with adjunct features to contribute to the realization of interpersonal function and to decode the tenor of discourse in the play. The work concludes that interpersonal meaning is an important theory as it has made it easy to decode the language and style of the writer and account for how the writer has satirized the characters of the play to address some of the political issues confronting contemporary Africa. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n5p299

Speech Function in Raditya’s Utterances in Stand Up Comedy Show

The objectives of this study are (1) to describe the system network of speech functions dominantly used in Raditya Dika’s utterances in Stand Up Comedy Show, (2) to investigate speech function realized in moods in Raditya Dika’s utterances in Stand Up Comedy Show, and (3) to elaborate the reason the system network of speech function dominantly used. The research applies qualitative descriptive design. The source of data is Raditya Dika in Stand Up Comedy Show program on Metro TV. The research findings show that the system network of speech functions in Raditya Dika’s utterances are statement which was information was the most system network of statement and then followed by furry, disappointment, reason, blame , clarification, support, probability, hope, call, greeting. The next system network of speech functions dominantly used was question which was Wh-question and then followed by yes/no question. And the last was command. The dominant speech function of command was positive command and then followed by negative command. Statement, question, command, and where statement which realized in tagged declarative mood occurs most dominantly and then question realized by interrogative mood and command realized by imperative mood. The reasons are that every sentence has realized in the speech function and also speech function in semantics has realized in mood system in lexicogrammar. Keywords: interpersonal speech function, system network

The Realization of Interpersonal Negotiation in the Conversation

This study aimed toinvestigate how the students of English Department of theState University of Semarang realize interpersonal negotiation in their conversationand find out what kinds of problems that emerge when the students have aninterpersonal negotiation in their conversation.In analyzing the data, the descriptivequalitative approach was employed with small quantification was made to support theanalysis. Besides, the choices of mood, modality, speech roles as well as clause categorywere applied to analyze the data.The research findings showed that from theobservation towards 10 (ten) students done by practicing the conversation in pairs,there were only 3 (three) pairs that could realize the interpersonal negotiation in theirconversation. Most of students used declarative mood types (56.6%) more in theirconversation. It indicated that they wanted to initiate the exchanges by givinginformation more often. The modality that they used most was probabilitymodalization (41.2%). With high and medium categories of probability, the studentsexpressed their idea of the situation given.Though the students produced declarativemood more in their conversation, it did not directly indicate that they could realizeinterpersonal negotiation well. Most of the declaratives produced was moremaintaining the information exchange. The giving speech roles of the clauses producedby the students sometimes were inappropriate with the topic being discussed. It madethe conversation inconvenient. Even though the use of modalization and modulation toexpress interpersonal negotiation was not problematic, they did not use it optimally;only 17 clauses out of 143 clauses made use of them.Keywords : realization, interpersonal negotiation, conversation

Linguistic Functional Feature Analysis of English Legal Memorandum

The aim of the paper is to investigate the genetic structure and functional features of the English legal memorandum.To satisfy this aim, the author collects some authentic English legal memorandums and adopts the approaches based on Swales and Hasan to explore the structure levels of the texts. The research also draws on the three metafunctions of Holliday’s systemic functional linguistics to find out some linguistic strategies. Linguistic functional features are found in an amount from the systemic functional perspective, which reveals that memorandum inclines to employ material and relational process; prefer declarative mood, fractional imperative mood, and hardly any exclamation mood; in favor of unmarked with simple nominal groups; clausal theme and theme of nominal group complex followed by long and complicated sentence. The findings are mainly devoted to the guidelines for legal memo writing.

An Analysis of Interpersonal Function in Mario Teguh's Facebook Status

ABSTRACT The objectives of the study were to describe the types of interpersonal function and the dominant type of interpersonal function used in Mario Teguh’s Facebook Status. This study was in descriptive quantitative method. This study dealt with the analysis of interpersonal function in Mario Teguh’s Facebook status. The data were the statuses of Mario Teguh and Mario Teguh’s Facebook account was used to take the statuses of his. The statuses were analyzed and classified based on the Speech Function and Mood as part of the interpersonal function. There were 200 Speech Function and 196 Moods as part of the interpersonal function in the selected statuses. The findings indicate that both all types of Speech Function and Moods are used in Mario Teguh’s Facebook Status. They were Statement, Question, Command, and Offer for the Speech Function, and Declarative, Interrogative, and Imperative for the Moods. It was found that the most dominant type of Speech Function is Statement (69.5%) and the most dominant type of Moods is Declarative (71%). It was seen that Mario Teguh mostly used Speech Function of Statement and Declarative Moods to share his ideas to the readers. Keywords: Speech Function, Moods.