Leadership Decisions Research Articles

THE INFLUENCE OF SCHOOL PRINCIPAL’S LEADERSHIP STYLES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF TEACHERS IN THE TIME OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The purpose of this study was to determine the leadership styles used by the school principals that enhance the performance of teachers in the time of the Covid-19 pandemic in public high schools in Bandung city. The study employed Mixed Methods approach with an embedded mixed research design. The study sample comprised of 164 teachers and other research informants consisted of 4 school principals and vice-school principals and 40 students. The study employed purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Primary data were collected with the help of online questionnaire. Both qualitative and quantitative data were used sequentially. Quantitative data from the questionnaire were coded and summarized using descriptive statistics, measures of variability, frequency distribution, and percentages. They were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. The Path-Goal theory was a leading theory in this study. The results showed the theory was related to the study as far as aims were the performance of teachers was influenced by school principal leadership styles. The results revealed that school principals practiced democratic leadership styles during the Covid-19 pandemic to influence the performance of teachers in the time of Covid-19 Pandemic whereby in democratic leadership style, communication, decision making, and delegation were highly practiced by school principals throughout public schools in Bandung city. The study, therefore, recommends that Online pedagogical training should be introduced and provided to all teachers on how to integrate material resources with media during online teaching, national educational policy should be amended to emphasis much on technological skills during teachers training so to prepare them to have technological skills which will be vital during any crisis like Covid-19 pandemic.

Role of Artificial Intelligence on Leadership Decision Making: A Perspective of Business Sector Organization

Role of Artificial Intelligence on Leadership Decision Making: A Perspective of Business Sector Organization

Management of the recreational innovative companies’ development in the conditions of European integration

Introduction. European integration has fostered a dynamic and interconnected market in the European Union (EU), offering significant growth opportunities for companies in the leisure and innovation sectors. By understanding and effectively managing the conditions of European integration, companies can take advantage of this huge market potential, expand their reach and drive sustainable growth. The purpose of the paper is to illuminate and reveal the importance of managing the development of recreational innovative companies in the context of European integration. Results. In the paper, the importance of innovative management in the recreational sphere is considered, in particular in the context of European integration. The authors emphasize the role of sustainable development, digital transformation, joint innovation and compliance with regulatory requirements in ensuring the competitiveness of companies. The importance of strong leadership and strategic decisions for the successful development of companies in the recreational sector is also highlighted. An algorithm for managing the development of innovative recreational companies in the context of European integration is proposed, following which Ukrainian recreational companies can navigate the complexities of European integration while effectively managing their innovative development. Strong leadership combined with strategic decision-making and adaptation will ensure these companies succeed in the European market. Conclusion. Managing the growth of recreational innovation companies requires attention to market competition, quality and safety standards, changes in legislation and the regulatory environment, and consumer needs. The development of innovative products and services that take into account the principles of sustainable development can attract more customers and increase more interest in the market.

Leadership in Undergraduate Medical Education: A Study of Pakistani Medical Students’ Perceptions, Attitudes, and Interest

Background: Despite calls for the much-needed involvement of physicians in leadership, very few medical colleges in Pakistan provide explicit training on the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to be an effective physician leader. 
 Objective: To explored Pakistani medical students’ perceptions, attitudes, and interests regarding Leadership training in medical education.
 Methods:
 Participants were asked about their perceptions and attitudes towards medical leadership on a 5-point Likert scale. Students also self-rated their leadership competencies noted as per Medical Leadership Competency Framework. Survey also assessed the perceived need and topics for a leadership curriculum for physician leaders, the teaching format, and barriers to leadership training in medical schools. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.
 Results:
 60.6% of the total 1204 respondents rated their leadership training in medical college as “very poor” or “poor” and 80.3% of them endorsed their interest and need for it. 77.4% of the participants agreed that clinicians should influence leadership decisions in a clinical setting. Only 25% of respondents were aware of the demands of a leadership rank in medicine. Leadership competencies endorsed for training included problem-solving, leading a team, confronting problematic employees, and communication skills with a multimodal teaching approach, including teaching methods like small group discussions. The main barriers to leadership training were identified as time constraints (66.1%), lack of available curriculum (69.0%), and disinterest by faculty (67.0%).
 Conclusion:
 Our study suggests that medical students in Pakistan appreciate the importance of leadership training in undergraduate education. There is a need for dedicated leadership teaching and study data to specify the possible content and delivery methods to serve as goals for an undergraduate leadership curriculum in Pakistan.

Who is the Principal Here? Understanding the Social Conditions of Collective Bargaining Agency and Implementation in Schools

ABSTRACT This study examines school leaders’ implementation of collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) negotiated between teachers’ unions and school district administration. Using interviews with school leaders and drawing on a structure-agency perspective, the research highlights the interplay between school leader decision-making, union power, and school social dynamics in CBA implementation. The findings demonstrate that school leaders employed diverse strategies to manage collective bargaining work rules that varied based on school leaders’ tenure. Experienced leaders defrayed CBA disputes, while less experienced leaders deferred to teachers’ interpretations. Our findings further illustrate how leaders leveraged CBA provisions in ways that privileged efficient school functioning.

Impact of Place/Space on Rural Community College Human Resource Management: A Systematic Review

In the following systematic review, the author examines how rural community college leaders address the unique challenges and strengths of working in a rural environment as they strive to retain, support, develop, compensate, and invest in their employees. Factors such as geographic isolation, small population sizes, and close-knit social networks require the rural leader to rely more heavily on locally available resources and existing infrastructure to support leadership decisions. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses alongside Flora and Flora’s 2008 Community Capital Framework, this systematic review synthesizes research that addresses human resource issues and explores human capital investment strategies employed by rural community college leadership. This article has important implications for future leadership development and training strategies across the community college sector, making clear the need for contextualized, strengths-based research that utilizes the experiences of rural community college leaders.

Leveraging Implementation Science With Using Decision Support Technology to Drive Meaningful Change for Nurses and Nursing Leadership

Technology, such as clinical decision support, can play a role in supporting nurses’ decision-making, but understanding the complexity and current challenges in nurse decision-making is needed to guide the implementation of technology interventions focused on supporting effective decision-making in practice and leadership. The purpose of this article is to discuss decision-making and information needs among nurses across roles and explain how technology and implementation science approaches can complement effective decision-making interventions.

Human Resource Training Process on Employee Performance in Trans Nzoia County Government, Kenya

To develop the desired knowledge, skills and abilities of the employees, to perform well on the job, requires effective human resource training process that may also affect employee motivation and commitment. Human resource training process was defined as an activity or activities that include undertaking one or a series of courses to boost performance, productivity, skills, and knowledge. From this perspective, the study strove to examine the effect of human resource training process on employee performance in Trans Nzoia County government, Kenya The specific objectives of the study were; to determine the effect of training needs assessment on employee performance in Trans Nzoia County government, Kenya; to establish the effect of training programs design on employee performance in Trans Nzoia County government, Kenya; to assess the effect of training delivery approaches on employee performance in Trans Nzoia County government, Kenya; and to examine the effect of training evaluation on employee performance in Trans Nzoia County government, Kenya. The study was anchored on human capital theory, Institutional theory, the motivational theory and action theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design while adopting a census approach since the target population was considered manageable. The target population in this study was 145 respondents who were the senior and middle level staff of Trans Nzoia County government, Kenya. The research instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire on a likert-scale. Data was analyzed with the help of statistical package for social sciences version 26, Analysis of Variances, Correlation and regression analysis tools were used to establish the relationship between the variables. The study established that training needs assessment (r = .850, β=.875, p<.001) had the largest significant effect on employee performance, followed by training evaluation (r = 817, β=.707, p<.001), training delivery approaches (r = .783, β=.673, p<.001) and lastly training program design (r = .589, β=.589, p<.001). The study concluded that contract management is a significant predictor of performance. The study's conclusions will be important to Trans Nzoia County government leaders, other Kenyan counties, corporate and public sector managers, and academics. According to the report, training needs assessment should compare expected and actual employee performance and follow county government requirements. It also proposed connecting training needs with job requirements and assessing Trans Nzoia County government employees' present competencies vs new work requirements. The report suggested integrating human resource training programs with county government needs assessment to enhance relevance and fill knowledge gaps. Before attending sessions, trainees should be informed of training objectives and the method should be tailored to meet them. Most respondents supported Trans Nzoia County Government's leadership decisions technique for training delivery, hence the study endorsed it. For effective training, the county government should hold more conferences, workshops, and mentoring programs. According to the report, county leadership should gather input before and after training to evaluate the program's value and influence on employee behavior, career growth, experience, and performance. Effective evaluation should focus on employee performance gains and help coordinate the training process.

Culturally responsive leadership in a pandemic context: a case study of three primary schools in a low socio-economic area of New Zealand

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the results of a case study investigating the COVID-19 pandemic response of three school leaders in regional primary schools in New Zealand. The leadership practices and decisions made by school leaders in crisis situations, particularly in schools with indigenous and minority students, is an ongoing area of interest for researchers. This study seeks to contribute to the literature in this area through the discussion of case study results that reveal similarities and differences between the leadership practices of school leaders which were influenced by context, technology access and social cohesion. Principals described the tensions they faced, their culturally appropriate responses, and the caring and adaptive leadership approaches required to support the wellbeing of students in a time of crisis.

The Impact of Psychological Safety on Leader Decision-Making: An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship

Psychological safety is a critical factor in shaping the work environment, as it affects employees' willingness to take risks, share ideas, and engage in open communication. Its impact on leadership decision-making is of particular interest, as decision-making plays a crucial role in organizational success. This research paper aims to investigate the relationship between psychological safety and leader decision- making through an empirical analysis. By utilizing secondary research data, this study seeks to explore the influence of psychological safety on leadership decision-making and highlight its implications for organizational effectiveness and employee well-being. To begin, it is important to understand what psychological safety entails. Psychological safety refers to the perception of individuals that they can speak up, take risks, and express their thoughts and ideas without fear of negative consequences. It creates an environment where employees feel psychologically secure, fostering trust, collaboration, and innovation. This paper aims to delve into how psychological safety affects the work environment and why it is crucial for organizational success.

The Role of Leadership in Decision Making and Team Building

The role of leaders in decision making is very important and strategic. In a study, it was revealed that leaders have a distinctive leadership style, which often becomes a pattern in decision making. Usually, a manager uses several different leadership styles in the decision-making process. The leadership style used by a leader or manager can determine the strengths and weaknesses of the decision maker. Even with the same information, decisions can be made with different leadership styles. This explains why different managers can make different decisions. This article was conducted through a literature study with a qualitative approach. The researcher collected data sources by accessing various literature, information, and other sources available in the library collectionLeaders play an important role in building effective teams. In building a team, leaders must strive for a common vision and maintain fairness and norms of reciprocal relationships in their minds. Leaders should design the formation of effective work teams by considering the ideal team composition. Each individual in the organization must have the awareness that "teamwork" and "network" are important things to build in the team. Leaders must be able to direct their team to remain solid, help each other, be the mediator when problems occur, find solutions when facing problems, and exchange ideas with each other.

Lessons Learned from COVID-19 to better address future threats to global health security: A Critical Analysis of Experts Perspectives

Emerging infectious diseases have had a significant impact on the Asia-Pacific region in recent years, including a severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak that occurred in 2002-2003, which had a substantial impact on several Asia-Pacific economies, the outbreak of highly pathogenic Asian avian influenza A (H5N1) that followed in 2006, strains of H1N1, and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). There is an increasing frequency and impact of emerging infectious diseases (EID), as demonstrated by the current global outbreak of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). The Asia-Pacific region is particularly vulnerable to the spread of EID across national borders. In collaboration with the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Health Working Group conducted an International Workshop on Managing Emerging Infectious Diseases (MEID) in Jakarta, Indonesia, on 12–16 September 2022. The workshop focused on a lesson-learning approach and aimed to strengthen global and domestic preparedness for the next pandemic. Four key lessons can be drawn from the APEC region's COVID-19 pandemic. First, zoonotic outbreaks threaten health security, making One Health an urgent necessity. Secondly, collaboration and partnership are essential to combating the pandemic. Thirdly, decisive leadership is essential at all global and local levels. Finally, risk communication builds trust and acknowledges uncertainty during a crisis. These lessons could strengthen the evidence base for regional policy responses and better responses to future threats.

Influence of School Climate in the Administration of Technical College Programmes for Sustainable Skill Development in Anambra State

The main purpose of the study was to determine the influence of school climate on the administration of technical colleges for sustainable skill development in Anambra State. The study was guided by three research questions and three null hypotheses. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population for the study was 37 comprised of principals and vice principals in the eight technical college in Anambra State. The instrument used for data collection was a 27 item structured questionnaire grouped into four sections. The instrument was validated, and reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha which yielded 0.71. Out of 37 copies of the questionnaire distributed 33 were properly filled and returned representing 89.19% return rate. Mean, standard deviation and t-test statistics were the statistical tools used for data analysis. From the result of data analysis, the study identified that school climates have influence on the administration of technical colleges for sustainable skill development. The study found that open school climate, close school climate and paternal school climate affects the administration of sustainable skill development. The findings of the study showed that there is no significant difference in the mean rating of experienced and less experienced administrators on the identified influence of school climate on the administration of technical colleges for sustainable skill development. Based on the findings, recommendations were made which include; technical college administrators should adopt and implement a healthy climate for sustainability of skill development programmes in their schools and open school climate should be implemented as it adopts collaborative team work and participatory in leadership decision making and goal attainment.

Ethical Use of ChatGPT in the Context of Leadership and Strategic Decisions

The development of AI has had a significant impact on various aspects of human life, including in the fields of communication and decision-making. One popular example of AI is ChatGPT, a generative language model designed to interact and generate human-like text. While ChatGPT provides great potential in facilitating communication and decision-making, its presence also poses ethical challenges that need to be considered. This research aims to explore the ethical issues that arise in the use of ChatGPT in the context of leadership and decision-making, and formulate an ethical framework that can guide the responsible and beneficial practice of using ChatGPT. The current research type is qualitative. Data collection techniques include listening and recording important information to conduct data analysis through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The study results show that the ethical use of ChatGPT in the context of leadership and strategic decision-making involves complex and important considerations related to transparency, fairness, privacy, long-term impact considerations, and risk management. While ChatGPT can provide significant benefits, it also poses ethical challenges that need to be addressed.

The Conflicting Soviet Responses to the Lausanne Process (1922-1924)

The article examines the Soviet responses to the Lausanne Process, which took place from May to November 1923. The process involved the trial of Russian émigrés Moritz Conradi and Arkadii Polunin, who were accused of murdering Vatslav Vatslavovich Vorovskii, the Soviet representative in Italy and head of the delegation to the Lausanne Conference, on May 10, 1923. The acquittal of Conradi and Polunin by a Swiss jury on November 16, 1923, under the verdict of "not guilty," as they were seen as avenging victims of Soviet repression, had a significant impact on the Russian emigration. While the historiography increasingly recognizes the role of various Russian émigrés in turning the trial into a denunciation of Bolshevism, little is known about the Soviet government's response to Vorovskii's killing and the efforts of the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs (NKID) to participate in the legal proceedings. By analyzing unpublished letters written by Soviet government officials found in the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation and considering the international context of 1923, this study aligns with the historiographic trend that emphasizes collective leadership and institutional autonomy in Soviet foreign policy decisions following Lenin's increasing isolation in late 1922. The research demonstrates that when the Swiss government prevented the Soviet counterpart from participating as a legal party in the process, Moscow resorted to non-traditional foreign projections, which encompassed actions beyond formal diplomacy, and even involved non-communist actors to present the USSR in a positive and "objective" light at Lausanne. However, the bureaucratic complexities of the Soviet state hindered success in court. Thus, the handling of the Lausanne Process by the prosecution serves as an illustrative example of how post-Civil War Soviet institutions operated in relation to one another, characterized by intricate dynamics and an entrenched bureaucracy, far from the alleged "totalitarian" tendencies.

Effective Leadership in Decision Making and Mediation in the Relationship Between Educators and Parents: A Case Study of Primary Schools in Western Macedonia, Greece

Effective Leadership in Decision Making and Mediation in the Relationship Between Educators and Parents: A Case Study of Primary Schools in Western Macedonia, Greece

Focus of Research on Leadership in Islamic Education: Bibliometric Analysis

Leadership is not only about ordering or giving instructions but also involves motivating, inspiring, and influencing others to achieve common goals. Leadership can occur in a variety of fields, including business, politics, and education, and plays a critical role in the success of an organization or community. This research aims to identify publications related to leadership in Islamic education and describe the characteristics of this research. The bibliometric analysis method was used in this study. The research results show that publications about leadership in Islamic schools have increased yearly from 2019 to 2023—meanwhile, the largest number of documents come from Indonesian authors. Proceedings of the ICECRS hold the top position as an institution or publisher with the most four documents. In contrast, the author with the most citations is Firman-Mansir, with a total of 3 published documents and eight citations, followed by the writer Eugenie A Samier with a total of 3 and 5 citations of published papers and followed by writer Fitriyah with a total of 3 published documents and two citations. Keywords that appear a lot in joint events are Education, Islam, Institution, Approach, Leader, Development, Activity, Quality, Teacher and Problem. The new theme keywords are Strategy, Community, Skill, Creativity, Facility, Decision, Generation, Innovation, and Prophetic Leadership. Therefore, these new themes can become new material for further research that addresses this field.

Southeast Asian leaders’ political orientation towards the environmental policy outcome

In this paper, we present an analysis of the leaders’ backgrounds shaping their decisions towards environmental policy outcomes of nascent democracies such as countries in Southeast Asia, with a specific focus on leaders’ traits and socio-economic conditions. Drawing on factors that influence a leader's decision-making process, including external factors such as social and economic and internal factors (cognitive or traits), this study explores the variation of quality of environmental policy outcomes in Southeast Asian countries. Our findings suggest that the level of development negatively affects environmental policy outcomes, while democratic conditions do not play a significant role. We also find that leaders’ age and level of education negatively affect environmental policy outcomes, whereas gender is not correlated with the quality of the environment. This research provides valuable insights into the environmental policy landscape of Southeast Asia and offers recommendations for policymakers seeking to enhance environmental policy outcomes in the region.

The Effect of Management Accounting on Decision-Making at PT. PLN (Persero) UP3 Medan

This study is supposed to determine the effect of management accounting on decision-making at PT. PLN (Persero) UP3 Medan. This type of research is survey research because it takes samples from a population. This study uses an explanatory research approach, which aims to explain the causal relationship between research variables and test hypotheses. The population in this study amounted to 325 employees of PT PLN (Persero) Up3 Medan and the population in this study amounted to 76 people using a simple random sampling technique. Data collection techniques in this study used questionnaires and data analysis techniques using SEM PLS version 4.0. Based on the results of research and discussion, shows that Management Accounting has a positive and significant effect on Decision Making at PT. PLN (Persero) UP3 Medan. It is mean the management accounting applied to PT. PLN (Persero) UP3 Medan is effective in influencing decision-making. Decision-making from the head of the organization affects the implementation of the tasks assigned to subordinates because the decisions taken by a leader are expressed in the form of words and formulated in a regulation, order, instruction, policy, and other forms desired by the leader. Errors in decision-making by leaders such as the preparation of subordinate task implementation guidelines can result in errors in the implementation of employee (subordinate) tasks which in turn can hinder the achievement of organizational goals. This can happen because the guidelines for carrying out the tasks given by the leadership are not clear. The task implementation guidelines are less clear due to the lack of effectiveness of the leadership in decision-making. Keywords: Management accounting, decision making

Employee Performance Model Through Job Satisfaction: Distributive Justice and Procedural Justice at the Padang Sidempuan City Health Office

Organizations must concentrate on their human resources to perform their functions optimally in order to create a more advanced organization, especially in light of impending environmental changes. This research aims to analyze the relationship between distributive justice and procedural justice, as well as their impact on job satisfaction, among health office workers. This study is use quantitative method. Total of 285 workers involving in this study as subjects. This study was used surveyed for the research. In analyzing data SEM PLS was used to analyze the collected data. The result of this study found employee performance at Health Office is influenced by distributive justice, procedural justice, and job satisfaction. The impact of distributive justice on employee performance is mediated by job satisfaction; the impact of procedural justice on employee performance as mediated by job satisfaction. In order to promote procedural justice management have to improves on-time work completion, fair implementation of leadership decisions, provision of a pleasant working environment, encouragement of positive attitudes among workers, and the dissemination of accurate and up-to-date information.